ALBERT

Description: The cores described in this report were taken on the DOWNWIND Expedition in October 1957 to February 1958 by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from the R/V Spencer F. Baird and the R/V Horizon. A total of 201 cores and dredges were recovered and are available at Scripps for sampling and study.

Description: Corophium arenarium was first described by CRAWFORD in his excellent review of the entire genus, in 1937. In the description, the author expressed his doubt already whether it might be a distinct species or merely a variety of C. volutator. CRAWFORD\xe2\x80\x99S observations on the variation of the number of spines on antenna II, segment 4 and 5, suggest that it is only a variety.\nCHEVAIS, 1937, does not give a definite opinion, whether he considers the species distinct from each other or not. For biometrical reasons, as well for reasons of variation observed by other authors, he suggests, however, that C. volutator and C. arenarium are only local races of one species.

Description: Whereas in fishes several osteomas (Bell, 1793; Gervais, 1875; Bland-Sutton, 1885 ; Plehn, 1906 ; Schroeders, 1908 ; Fiebiger, 1909 ; Williamson, 1913 ; Beatti, 1916 ; Kazama, 1924 ; Sagawa, 1925; Williams, 1929; Takahashi, 1929; Thomas, 1932, 1933; Luck\xc3\xa9 and Schlumberger, not published, see the publication of Schlumberger and Luck\xc3\xa9, 1948) and some osteosarcomas (Wahlgren, 1873 ; Murray, 1909 ; Williams, 1929 ; Thomas, 1932) have been described, in amphibians only one case of a doubtful osteogenic sarcoma (Ohlmacher, 1898) has been found and in reptiles one case of an osteoma (Moodie, 1923).\nTherefore, the multiple osteomas, which we were in a position to study in an adult female of the lizard Lacerta viridis, is probably the first case of this tumour found in a reptile. The tumour nodules presented themselves as rather regular nodules, varying in size, which were present in the tail and arose from the caudal vertebrae (figs. 1 and 2).

Description: One of the specimens dealt with in the present paper has been described in previous papers, in which it appeared under three different names, all of which for different reasons eventually proved to be erroneous. The present identification as Sacculina cordata Shiino at last seems to be definite. The second specimen, as the first from the material collected by the Siboga Expedition, belongs to the species Sacculina papposa V. K. & B., of which up till now the type specimen only was known; the parasite dealt with here is interesting because the excrescences of its external cuticle are of a structure slightly different from that of the corresponding parts in the type; moreover, in this specimen retinacula were found, yielding an additional character for the definition of the species. The remainder of the material dealt with here proved to belong to a new species, characterized in the first place by the peculiar excrescences of the external cuticle.

Description: Scientific research concerning growth inhibitors, which has been pursued for several decades already, dealt mainly with the effect of these substances on the germination process. WIESNER (1894) demonstrated the presence of a growth inhibitor in the slime of the mistletoe (Viscum album) which prevented the germination of a great variety of seeds. OPPENHEIMER (1922) supplemented the analysis by placing seeds on the pulp of ripe tomatoes and he observed a strong inhibitive effect as a result of this treatment. In addition, however, he found that the inhibiting substance is thermolabile and insoluble in ether or alcohol. REINHARD (1933) corroborated Oppenheimer\xe2\x80\x99s results for the most part. According to this author, however, the inhibiting agent in tomato juice is thermostabile, and it is not destroyed by boiling, neiher by neutralisation or by diluting the juice 50 times. In other fleshy fruits such as apples, pears and quinces K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) detected inhibiting substances capable of preventing the germination of Lepidium seeds. These substances were reported to be sensitive to peroxide and to alkali, thermostabile and soluble in water and in ether, but insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, the inhibiting agent extracted by LEHMANN (1937) from the exocarp if buckwheat is thermolabile. In Helianthus annuus and Avena sativa, finally, RUGE (1939) demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor that reduces the speed of germination to a considerable extent. FR\xc3\x96SCHEL\xe2\x80\x99S investigations on Trifolium and Beta will be dealt with in 4.\nThis survey is not quite exhaustive, but clearly demonstrates that the inhibiting agent should not be regarded as a definite, well-defined chemical substance which is always the same in every individual case, but as a group of substances with analogous activities but most probably with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. Following K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) we can classify the inhibiting substances into two groups, as follows : 1. inhibiting substances in the testa or in the seed, and 2. inhibiting substances in the mesocarp of pulpy fruits.

Description: I.\nINLEIDING\nDe vaak gestelde vraag of er in de Nederlandse Antillen ook zeekreeften voorkomen, kan naar gelang van de definitie van het woord zeekreeft zowel ontkennend als bevestigend beantwoord worden. Dat de nederlandse zeekreeft, Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus), er niet voorkomt zal wellicht niemand bevreemden, maar ook de noordamerikaanse soort, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, ontbreekt er. Wel vindt men in de zee\xc3\xabn rondom de Nederlandse Antillen andere kreeften, die echter niet tot de familie der echte zeekreeften (Nephropsidae) behoren, doch tot de families van de langoesten (Palinuridae) en beerkreeften (Scyllaridae). In tegenstelling met de Nephropsidae hebben deze laatste twee families geen echte scharen aan de eerste drie paren looppoten.\nVan de langoesten zijn tot nu toe vier soorten in de Nederlandse Antillen gevonden, terwijl er twee soorten beer- of zandkreeften aangetroffen werden. Deze zes soorten zullen hieronder uitvoerig besproken worden. Enkele andere soorten kreeften zijn in het overige West Indi\xc3\xab waargenomen, doch dit zijn meest dieren uit het diepere water. Mocht echter een dergelijke, hier niet besproken soort in de Nederlandse Antillen gevangen worden, dan is dit een zeer belangrijke vondst en verdient het aanbeveling het exemplaar ter identificatie op te zenden aan het Caraibisch Marien Biologisch Instituut, Piscadera Baai, Willemstad, Cura\xc3\xa7ao (postadres Berg Carmelweg 7, Willemstad), of aan het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, waar het dan aan een nader onderzoek zal worden onderworpen. De dieren worden het best geconserveerd in 70 % alcohol of in een 4 % formaline oplossing; soms is aan droge schilden (zowel die van de staart als van het kop-borst-

Description: For many years the monotypical genus Aesandra was incorporated in Payena (vide Lam 1925, 1927) or Madhuca (Bassia sensu Lecomte, 1930). Revising the genus Payena we came across specimens, that did not fit in the diagnosis of either genus; it appeared that the specimens in question showed a mixture of the characters of both Payena and Madhuca, and also some characters of their own. These we found to belong to what has been described as Aesandra. The only species is A. dongnaiensis Pierre, 1890. It is our impression that Aesandra is to be maintained as a separate genus of the Madhuceae (cf. Lam, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 36, 1939, 525).\nWe examined material from the following herbaria: British Museum (Natural History) at London (BM), Rijksherbarium at Leiden (L) and Museum National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Phan\xc3\xa9rogamie, at Paris (P) and are very much obliged to the authorities of these institutes for the loan of specimens and the hospitality enjoyed during our stay in 1955 at Paris and London.

Description: In January 1949 Professor H. J. Lam, director of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, on his way to the 7th Pacific Science Congress in New Zealand, spending some time in Fiji, was shown by Mr B. E. V. Parham, Department of Agriculture, Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, a slender tree, cultivated in the Agricultural Experimental Garden Naduruloulou. The tree was unidentified and of unknown origin. Some flowering material was collected and at our request Mr Parham was good enough to send some ripe fruits in liquid for an investigation I was entrusted with.\nAdditional material was studied from the herbaria at Brisbane, Kew, Leiden, Melbourne and Paris. It is my pleasant duty to tender my best thanks to the directors of these institutes for the loan of this valuable material, among which the type.

Description: Up till now the lower deposits of peat (in Dutch: veen-op-groterediepte = peat at greater depth) have been investigated in the Netherlands mainly in the Western part of the country, viz. in the provinces of Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Zeeland. The analyses have shown that the development of this, now comparatively well known peat layer must have begun either in the second half of the boreal period or else in the beginning of the atlantic one, and that it must have come to an end in the first half of the latter. Among the earlier investigators the botanist Mrs VERNEER-LOUMAN and some geologists had arrived at the conclusion that the sudden transgression of the North sea which made an end to the formation of peat, took place in the boreal period, and hat the whole lower deposit of peat, therefore, was of boreal age (lit. 7). This opinion, however, was sufficiently disproved by FLORSCH\xc3\x9cTZ, and all subsequent analyses have confirmed the view that the peat formation must have stopped early in the atlantic period (lit. 2, 3, 4). The same conclusion was arrived at by GODWIN as a result of his investigations of the lower peat found in SE England (lit. 5, 6) and by several German investigators as a result of their analyses of the lower peat, found in NW Germany.\nOnly one analyses of the lower peat in the province of Friesland, in the Northern part of the Netherlands, has sofar been published. The geologist VAN ANDEL found near Kiesterzijl, at a depth of only 3.50 m a thin layer of peat. He identified it with the lower peat from the W part of the Netherlands which occurs several meters deeper. His two diagrams show a boreal age for the basal layers and an atlantic age for the top ones and they confirm therefore the conclusions,obtained in the W part of the country (lit. 1).

Description: The horizontal distribution of fungi in and around two mangrove swamps on the island of Inhaca (Portuguese East Africa) was investigated by a direct inoculation method. Some information on the physical and chemical properties of the soils was obtained to find correlations between nutrient levels, etc., and the nature of the fungus population. There is a definite positive correlation between the amount of carbon and the variety in the fungus flora, and it is suspected that the nature of the nitrogen source is important as well. Phycomycetes are almost absent but were found in great number in one sample taken somewhat further inland. Ascomycetes are rare except for Aspergillus and Penicillium, and Basidiomycetes are entirely absent. Aspergillus and Penicillium are present in great variety in the swamps but relatively few species are found in the sandy soils. Fusarium is common and present in great numbers in the poorest soils. In one of the two swamps the genus Pestalotia is abundant. Few hyaline and many dark members of the Moniliales can be found in most parts of the investigated area\xe2\x80\x99s. The surface vegetation shows the same amount of variation as the fungus population, but there are indications that both are influenced more or less independently by the variation of soil conditions.