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  • Hindawi  (9,927)
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  • 1
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    Automatic Human Gait Imitation and Recognition in 3D from Monocular Video with an Uncalibrated Camera (2012)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-09
    Description: A framework of imitating real human gait in 3D from monocular video of an uncalibrated camera directly and automatically is proposed. It firstly combines polygon-approximation with deformable template-matching, using knowledge of human anatomy to achieve the characteristics including static and dynamic parameters of real human gait. Then, these characteristics are processed in regularization and normalization. Finally, they are imposed on a 3D human motion model with prior constrains and universal gait knowledge to realize imitating human gait. In recognition based on this human gait imitation, firstly, the dimensionality of time-sequences corresponding to motion curves is reduced by NPE. Then, we use the essential features acquired from human gait imitation as input and integrate HCRF with SVM as a whole classifier, realizing identification recognition on human gait. In associated experiment, this imitation framework is robust for the object’s clothes and backpacks to a certain extent. It does not need any manual assist and any camera model information. And it is fitting for straight indoors and the viewing angle for target is between 60° and 120°. In recognition testing, this kind of integrated classifier HCRF/SVM has comparatively higher recognition rate than the sole HCRF, SVM and typical baseline method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 2
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    Swell and Wind-Sea Distributions over the Mid-Latitude and Tropical North Atlantic for the Period 2002–2008 (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-09
    Description: We present an analysis of wind-sea and swell fields for mid-latitude and tropical Atlantic for the period 2002–2008 using a combination of satellite data (altimeter significant wave height and scatterometer surface winds) and model results (spectrum peak wave period and propagation direction). Results show a dominance of swell over wind-sea regimes throughout the year. A small but clear decrease in swell energy and an associated increase in wind-sea potential growth were observed in the NE trade winds zone. A seasonal summertime increase in wind-sea energy in the Amazon River mouth and adjacent shelf region and in African coast was apparent in the results, probably associated to a strengthening of the alongshore trade winds in these regions. Albeit with a significantly smaller energy contribution of wind-seas as compared to swell energy, we could say that a kind of mixed seas is more evident in the trade winds region, with the remaining area being highly dominated by swell energy. An analysis of wave-age shows the absence of young-seas. Only ~2% of all data points was classified as wind-sea, a classification confirmed by a fit to a theoretical relation between wind speed, peak period, and significant wave height for fully developed wind-seas.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production with Novel M2YbSbO7 (M = In, Gd, Y) by Using Visible Light Photoenergy (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-24
    Description: Novel photocatalysts M2YbSbO7 (M=In, Gd, Y) were synthesized by solid state reaction method for the first time. A comparative study on the structural and photocatalytic properties of M2YbSbO7 M2YbSbO7 (M=In, Gd, Y) was reported. The results showed that In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, and Y2YbSbO7 crystallized with the pyrochlore-type structure, cubic crystal system and space group Fd3m. For the photocatalytic water splitting reaction, H2 or O2 evolution was observed from pure water with In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7 as the photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. (wavelength>420 nm). Moreover, under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm), H2 and O2 were also evolved by using In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7 as catalyst from CH3OH/H2O and AgNO3/H2O solutions respectively. The In2YbSbO7 photocatalyst showed the highest activity compared with Gd2YbSbO7 or Y2YbSbO7. At the same time, The Y2YbSbO7 photocatalyst showed higher activity compared with Gd2YbSbO7. The photocatalytic activities were further improved under visible light irradiation with In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7 being loaded by Pt, NiO, or RuO2. The effect of Pt was better than that of NiO or RuO2 for improving the photocatalytic activity of In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-529X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 4
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    Multipath Adaptive Tabu Search for a Vehicle Control Problem (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-24
    Description: Tabu search has become acceptable worldwide as one of the most efficient intelligent searches applied to various real-world problems. There have been different modifications made to the generic tabu search in recent years to achieve better performances. Among those reviewed in the introduction of this paper, the adaptive tabu search (ATS) has incorporated the backtracking and the adaptive search radius mechanisms that help accelerate the search and release it from a local solution lock. The paper explains an enhancement made to the ATS to accomplish multipath ATS (MATS) algorithms. Performances of the ATS and the MATS are evaluated using surface optimization problems, and results are presented in the paper. Finally, the MATS is applied to solve a real-world vehicle control problem.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 5
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    Multiple Periodic Solutions of Delayed Predator-Prey Systems with Type IV Functional Responses on Time Scales (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-13
    Description: With the help of a continuation theorem based on Gaines and Mawhin's coincidence degree, easily verifiable criteria are established for the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions of delayed predator-prey systems with type IV functional responses on time scales. Our results not only unify the existing ones but also widen the range of applications.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 6
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    Eosin Yellowish Dye-Sensitized ZnO Nanostructure-Based Solar Cells Employing Solid PEO Redox Couple Electrolyte (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-13
    Description: ZnO nanostructures are synthesized by low-temperature methods, and they possess polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferential c-axial growth. Morphological study by SEM shows the presence of ~30 nm sized spherical-shaped ZnO nanoparticle, the branched flower-like ZnO composed of many nanorods (length: 1.2 to 4.2 μm and diameter: 0.3 to 0.4 μm), and ~50 nm diameter of individual ZnO nanorods. Reduction in photoemission intensity of nanorods infers the decrease in electron-hole recombination rate, which offers better photovoltaic performance. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on ZnO nanorods sensitized with Eosin yellowish dye exhibits a maximum optimal energy conversion efficiency of 0.163% compared to that of nanoparticles and nanoflowers, due to better dye loading and direct conduction pathway for electron transport.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-529X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 7
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    A Generalized and Improved (G′/G)-Expansion Method for Nonlinear Evolution Equations (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-13
    Description: A generalized and improved (G′/G)-expansion method is proposed for finding more general type and new travelling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. To illustrate the novelty and advantage of the proposed method, we solve the KdV equation, the Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (ZKBBM) equation and the strain wave equation in microstructured solids. Abundant exact travelling wave solutions of these equations are obtained, which include the soliton, the hyperbolic function, the trigonometric function, and the rational functions. Also it is shown that the proposed method is efficient for solving nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics and in engineering.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 8
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    On the Dynamics of a Higher-Order Difference Equation (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: This paper deals with the investigation of the following more general rational difference equation: yn+1=αyn/(β+γ∑i=0kyn-(2i+1)p∏i=0kyn-(2i+1)), n=0,1,2,…, where α,β,γ,p∈(0,∞) with the initial conditions x0,x-1,…,x-2k,x-2k-1∈(0,∞). We investigate the existence of the equilibrium points of the considered equation and then study their local and global stability. Also, some results related to the oscillation and the permanence of the considered equation have been presented.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 9
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    Structural Heterogeneities in Southeast Tibet: Implications for Regional Flow in the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: Our seismic study together with the MT analysis reveal a “R-shape” flow existing in both the lower crust and uppermost mantle, which suggests the crustal deformation along the deep, large sutures (such as the Longmen Shan fault and the Anninghe Fault) under the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is maintained by dynamic pressure from the regional flow intermingled with the hot upwelling asthenosphere. The material in the lower crust and uppermost mantle flowing outward from the center of the plateau is buttressed by the old, strong lithosphere that underlies the Sichuan basin, pushing up on the crust above and maintaining steep orogenic belt through dynamic pressure. We therefore consider that the “R-shape” regional flow played a key role in the crustal deformation along the deep suture zones of the Bangong-Nujiang, the Longmen-Shan faults, and other local heavily faulted zones beneath the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.
    Print ISSN: 1687-885X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8868
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Synchronization of Two Rank-One Chaotic Systems without and with Delay via Linear Delayed Feedback Control (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: This paper illustrates the presence of chaos in rank-one chaotic systems with delay via a binary test (called 0-1 test) for chaos. Chaotic synchronization between two rank-one chaotic systems without and with delay is achieved by means of Lyapunov functional and linear delayed feedback control method. Numerical simulations are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed chaos synchronization scheme.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 11
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    On a Generalized Hyers-Ulam Stability of Trigonometric Functional Equations (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: Let G be an Abelian group, let ℂ be the field of complex numbers, and let f,g:G→ℂ. We consider the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for a class of trigonometric functional inequalities, |f(x-y)-f(x)g(y)+g(x)f(y)|≤ψ(y),  |g(x-y)-g(x)g(y)-f(x)f(y)|≤ψ(y), where ψ:G→ℝ is an arbitrary nonnegative function.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 12
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    The Effect of Dissolved Humic Acids on Aluminosilicate Formation and Associated Carbon Sequestration (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: Allophane and imogolite neogenesis in soils may occur in the presence of organic matter. To understand this process under conditions relevant to soils, the influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as humic acid (HA), on aluminosilicate formation was studied at 25C∘, pH 6, and low-DOC concentrations. For solutions with initial Al/Si ratios of 1–2.1, and 0–6 mg/L DOC, precipitates recovered after 20 h had Al/Si ratios of 2.2–2.7. The formation of allophane, imogolite-like material, and aluminosilicate gel was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and NMR. The effect of DOC was to produce a small, but systematic increase in imogolite-like Si in the precipitate, and a decrease in the formation of aluminosilicate gel. Results suggest that the presence of DOC as HA slows the otherwise rapid polymerization of Al and Si at low temperature, and may also promote the formation of imogolite. The high C content of these precipitates indicates that this process may facilitate the sequestration of organic matter, slowing C cycling in soils.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7667
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7675
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 13
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    A Note on Some Identities of Frobenius-Euler Numbers and Polynomials (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to give some identities on the Frobenius-Euler numbers and polynomials by using the fermionic p-adic q-integral equation on ℤp.
    Print ISSN: 0161-1712
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0425
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 14
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    A Hybrid Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Robust Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling with Stochastic Durations (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-15
    Description: We study resource-constrained project scheduling problems with perturbation on activity durations. With the consideration of robustness and stability of a schedule, we model the problem as a multiobjective optimization problem. Three objectives—makespan minimization, robustness maximization, and stability maximization—are simultaneously considered. We propose a hybrid multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (H-MOEA) to solve this problem. In the process of the H-MOEA, the heuristic information is extracted periodically from the obtained nondominated solutions, and a local search procedure based on the accumulated information is incorporated. The results obtained from the computational study show that the proposed approach is feasible and effective for the resource-constrained project scheduling problems with stochastic durations.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
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  • 15
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    Adaptive Modified Function Projective Synchronization between Two Different Hyperchaotic Dynamical Systems (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: This work investigates modified function projective synchronization between two different hyperchaotic dynamical systems, namely, hyperchaotic Lorenz system and hyperchaotic Chen system with fully unknown parameters. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptive control law and the parameter update law are derived to achieve modified function projective synchronized between two diffierent hyperchaotic dynamical systems. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive controllers.
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  • 16
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    Robust H∞ Filtering of 2D Roesser Discrete Systems: A Polynomial Approach (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-15
    Description: The problem of robust H∞ filtering is investigated for the class of uncertain two-dimensional (2D) discrete systems described by a Roesser state-space model. The main contribution is a systematic procedure for generating conditions for the existence of a 2D discrete filter such that, for all admissible uncertainties, the error system is asymptotically stable, and the H∞ norm of the transfer function from the noise signal to the estimation error is below a prespecified level. These conditions are expressed as parameter-dependent linear matrix inequalities. Using homogeneous polynomially parameter-dependent filters of arbitrary degree on the uncertain parameters, the proposed method extends previous results in the quadratic framework and the linearly parameter-dependent framework, thus reducing its conservatism. Performance of the proposed method, in comparison with that of existing methods, is illustrated by two examples.
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  • 17
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    Stochastic ℋ∞ Finite-Time Control of Discrete-Time Systems with Packet Loss (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-15
    Description: This paper investigates the stochastic finite-time stabilization and ℋ∞ control problem for one family of linear discrete-time systems over networks with packet loss, parametric uncertainties, and time-varying norm-bounded disturbance. Firstly, the dynamic model description studied is given, which, if the packet dropout is assumed to be a discrete-time homogenous Markov process, the class of discrete-time linear systems with packet loss can be regarded as Markovian jump systems. Based on Lyapunov function approach, sufficient conditions are established for the resulting closed-loop discrete-time system with Markovian jumps to be stochastic ℋ∞ finite-time boundedness and then state feedback controllers are designed to guarantee stochastic ℋ∞ finite-time stabilization of the class of stochastic systems. The stochastic ℋ∞ finite-time boundedness criteria can be tackled in the form of linear matrix inequalities with a fixed parameter. As an auxiliary result, we also give sufficient conditions on the robust stochastic stabilization of the class of linear systems with packet loss. Finally, simulation examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the developed scheme.
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  • 18
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    Static and Vibrational Analysis of Partially Composite Beams Using the Weak-Form Quadrature Element Method (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: Deformation of partially composite beams under distributed loading and free vibrations of partially composite beams under various boundary conditions are examined in this paper. The weak-form quadrature element method, which is characterized by direct evaluation of the integrals involved in the variational description of a problem, is used. One quadrature element is normally sufficient for a partially composite beam regardless of the magnitude of the shear connection stiffness. The number of integration points in a quadrature element is adjustable in accordance with convergence requirement. Results are compared with those of various finite element formulations. It is shown that the weak form quadrature element solution for partially composite beams is free of slip locking, and high computational accuracy is achieved with smaller number of degrees of freedom. Besides, it is found that longitudinal inertia of motion cannot be simply neglected in assessment of dynamic behavior of partially composite beams.
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  • 19
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    Coupled Fixed-Point Theorems for Contractions in Partially Ordered Metric Spaces and Applications (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham (2006) showed the existence of coupled coincidence points of a mapping F from X×X into X and a mapping g from X into X with some applications. The aim of this paper is to extend the results of Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham and improve the recent fixed-point theorems due to Bessem Samet (2010). Indeed, we introduce the definition of generalized g-Meir-Keeler type contractions and prove some coupled fixed point theorems under a generalized g-Meir-Keeler-contractive condition. Also, some applications of the main results in this paper are given.
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  • 20
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    A New Optimization via Simulation Approach for Dynamic Facility Layout Problem with Budget Constraints (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-16
    Description: A new efficient heuristic algorithm has been developed for the dynamic facility layout problem with budget constraint (DFLPB) using optimization via simulation technique. The heuristic integrates integer programming and discrete event simulation to address DFLPB. In the proposed algorithm, the nonlinear model of the DFLP has been changed to a pure integer programming (PIP) model. Then, the optimal solution of the PIP model has been used in a simulation model that has been designed in a similar manner as the DFLP for determining the probability of assigning a facility to a location. After a sufficient number of runs, the simulation model obtains near optimum solutions. Finally, to test the performance of the algorithm, several test problems have been taken from the literature and solved. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in terms of speed and accuracy than other heuristic algorithms presented in previous works.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5591
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-5605
    Topics: Computer Science , Technology
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  • 21
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    Spatial Variation in Bird Community Composition in Relation to Topographic Gradient and Forest Heterogeneity in a Central Amazonian Rainforest (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We investigated the effects of landscape features and forest structure on the avian community at the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. We sampled the landscape and forest in 72 50 × 50 m plots systematically distributed in the reserve, covering an area of 6,400 ha. The avifauna was sampled using mist nets and acoustic surveys near the plots. We found no significant relationships between landscape features and forest components in the plots and the number of bird species and individuals sampled. Results of Principal Coordinate Analyses, however, showed that bird species composition changes along a topographic gradient (plateau-slope-valley), and also in relation to leaf litter depth and distance to forest streams. We also found compositional differences in the avian community on the eastern and western water basins that compose the reserve. Our results suggest that although most bird species occur throughout the reserve, many species track differences in the landscape and the forest structure.
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9716
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 22
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    Effect of Land Application of Phosphorus-Saturated Gypsum on Soil Phosphorus in a Laboratory Incubation (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-07
    Description: Agricultural drainage ditches can deliver high loads of phosphorus (P) to surface water. Installation of filter structures containing P sorbing materials (PSMs), including gypsum, is an emerging practice that has shown promise to reduce these P loads. The objective of this study was to evaluate what effect soil amendment with gypsum would have on soil P concentrations and forms in a laboratory incubation experiment. Gypsum was saturated at two levels with P, and applied to a silt loam and a sandy loam at two rates. The treated soils were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C, and samples were collected on eight dates between 0 and 183 days after amendment. Spent gypsum application did not significantly increase soil water-extractable or Mehlich 3 P when applied at typical agronomic rates. This appears to be a viable strategy to remove P from agricultural drainage waters but does not appear to provide any additional P fertilizer value.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7667
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7675
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 23
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    On the Solution of Double-Diffusive Convective Flow due to a Cone by a Linearization Method (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-08
    Description: The paper details the use of a nonperturbation successive linearization method to solve the coupled nonlinear boundary value problem due to double-diffusive convection from an inverted cone. Diffusion-thermo and thermal-diffusion effects have been taken into account. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity transformation. The SLM is based on successively linearizing the governing nonlinear boundary layer equations and solving the resulting higher-order deformation equations using spectral methods. The results are compared with the limited cases from previous studies and results obtained using the Matlab inbuilt bvp4c numerical algorithm and a shooting technique that uses Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) and Newton-Raphson schemes. These comparisons reveal the robustness and validate the usage of the linearisation method technique. The results show that the nonperturbation technique in combination with the Chebyshev spectral collocation method is an efficient numerical algorithm with assured convergence that serves as an alternative to numerical methods for solving nonlinear boundary value problems.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 24
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    Subsurface Lateral Flow in Texture-Contrast (Duplex) Soils and Catchments with Shallow Bedrock (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-09
    Description: Development-perched watertables and subsurface lateral flows in texture-contrast soils (duplex) are commonly believed to occur as a consequence of the hydraulic discontinuity between the A and B soil horizons. However, in catchments containing shallow bedrock, subsurface lateral flows result from a combination of preferential flow from the soil surface to the soil—bedrock interface, undulations in the bedrock topography, lateral flow through macropore networks at the soil—bedrock interface, and the influence of antecedent soil moisture on macropore connectivity. Review of literature indicates that some of these processes may also be involved in the development of subsurface lateral flow in texture contrast soils. However, the extent to which these mechanisms can be applied to texture contrast soils requires further field studies. Improved process understanding is required for modelling subsurface lateral flows in order to improve the management of waterlogging, drainage, salinity, and offsite agrochemicals movement.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7667
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7675
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 25
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    Travel Time Model of Left-Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersection (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-09
    Description: The travel time of left-turning vehicles at signalized intersection was discussed. Under the assumption that the opposing through vehicles headway follows M3 distribution, the travel time model was established on the basis of gap theory and queue theory. Comparison was done with the common model based on the assumption that the opposing through vehicles headway follows negative exponential distribution. The results show that the model in this paper has stronger applicability and its most relative error is less than 15%. In addition, the sensitivity analysis was done. The results show that the opposing through flow rate has significant impact on travel time. The impact of left-turning flow rate and following headway is light when the opposing through flow rate is small, the threshold is about 0.18 veh/s. The model established in this paper can well calculate travel time of left-turning vehicles at intersection, and the methodology may provide reference to other occasions.
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    Axisymmetric Stagnation Flow of a Micropolar Nanofluid in a Moving Cylinder (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-09
    Description: An analysis is carried out for axisymmetric stagnation flow of a micropolar nanofluid in a moving cylinder with finite radius. The coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are simplified with the help of similarity transformations and the resulting coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved analytically by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The features of the flow phenomena, inertia, heat transfer, and nanoparticles are analyzed and discussed.
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    Effects of Thermocapillarity and Thermal Radiation on Flow and Heat Transfer in a Thin Liquid Film on an Unsteady Stretching Sheet (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-09
    Description: This paper examines the effects of thermocapillarity and thermal radiation on the boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a thin film on an unsteady stretching sheet with nonuniform heat source/sink. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation and then are solved by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of the radiation parameter, the thermocapillarity number, and the temperature-dependent parameter in this study are discussed and presented graphically via velocity and temperature profiles.
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    Energy-Efficient Multi-Job Scheduling Model for Cloud Computing and Its Genetic Algorithm (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-09
    Description: For the problem that the energy efficiency of the cloud computing data center is low, from the point of view of the energy efficiency of the servers, we propose a new energy-efficient multi-job scheduling model based on Google’s massive data processing framework. To solve this model, we design a practical encoding and decoding method for the individuals and construct an overall energy efficiency function of the servers as the fitness value of each individual. Meanwhile, in order to accelerate the convergent speed of our algorithm and enhance its searching ability, a local search operator is introduced. Finally, the experiments show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient.
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    Research on the Human Dynamics in Mobile Communities Based on Social Identity (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-10
    Description: Through analyzing the data about the releases, comment, and forwarding of 120,000 microblog messages in a year, this paper finds out that the intervals between information releases and comment follow a power law; besides, the analysis of data in each 24 hours reveals obvious differences between microblogging and website visit, email, instant communication, and the use of mobile phone, reflecting how people use fragments of time via mobile internet technology. The paper points out the significant influence of the user's activity on the intervals of information releases and thus demonstrates a positive correlation between the activity and the power exponent. The paper also points out that user's activity is influenced by social identity in a positive way. The simulation results based on the social identity mechanism fit well with the actual data, which indicates that this mechanism is a reasonable way to explain people's behavior in the mobile Internet.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    MHD Flow of an Incompressible Viscous Fluid through Convergent or Divergent Channels in Presence of a High Magnetic Field (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-10
    Description: The flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid in convergent or divergent channels under the influence of an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field is studied both analytically and numerically. Navier-Stokes equations of fluid mechanics and Maxwell’s electromagnetism equations are reduced into highly non-linear ordinary differential equation. The resulting non-linear equation has been solved analytically using a very efficient technique, namely, differential transform method (DTM). The DTM solution is compared with the results obtained by a numerical method (shooting method, coupled with fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme). The plots have revealed the physical characteristics of flow by changing angles of the channel, Hartmann and Reynolds numbers.
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    Hidden and Not So Hidden Symmetries (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Description: Hidden symmetries entered the literature in the late Eighties when it was observed that there could be gain of Lie point symmetry in the reduction of order of an ordinary differential equation. Subsequently the reverse process was also observed. Such symmetries were termed “hidden”. In each case the source of the “new” symmetry was a contact symmetry or a nonlocal symmetry, that is, a symmetry with one or more of the coefficient functions containing an integral. Recent work by Abraham-Shrauner and Govinder (2006) on the reduction of partial differential equations demonstrates that it is possible for these “hidden” symmetries to have a point origin. In this paper we show that the same phenomenon can be observed in the reduction of ordinary differential equations and in a sense loosen the interpretation of hidden symmetries.
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    Analytical and Semi-Analytical Treatment of the Satellite Motion in a Resisting Medium (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Description: The orbital dynamics of an artificial satellite in the Earth's atmosphere is considered. An analytic first-order atmospheric drag theory is developed using Lagrange's planetary equations. The short periodic perturbations due to the geopotential of all orbital elements are evaluated. And to construct a second-order analytical theory, the equations of motion become very complicated to be integrated analytically; thus we are forced to integrate them numerically using the method of Runge-Kutta of fourth order. The validity of the theory is checked on the already decayed Indian satellite ROHINI where its data are available.
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    A Numerical Method for Lane-Emden Equations Using Hybrid Functions and the Collocation Method (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Description: A numerical method to solve Lane-Emden equations as singular initial value problems is presented in this work. This method is based on the replacement of unknown functions through a truncated series of hybrid of block-pulse functions and Chebyshev polynomials. The collocation method transforms the differential equation into a system of algebraic equations. It also has application in a wide area of differential equations. Corresponding numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
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    Statistical Behavior of a Financial Model by Lattice Fractal Sierpinski Carpet Percolation (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Description: The lattice fractal Sierpinski carpet and the percolation theory are applied to develop a new random stock price for the financial market. Percolation theory is usually used to describe the behavior of connected clusters in a random graph, and Sierpinski carpet is an infinitely ramified fractal. In this paper, we consider percolation on the Sierpinski carpet lattice, and the corresponding financial price model is given and investigated. Then, we analyze the statistical behaviors of the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index and the simulative data derived from the financial model by comparison.
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    Less Conservative Control Design for Linear Systems with Polytopic Uncertainties via State-Derivative Feedback (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Description: The motivation for the use of state-derivative feedback instead of conventional state feedback is due to its easy implementation in some mechanical applications, for example, in vibration control of mechanical systems, where accelerometers have been used to measure the system state. Using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions (PDLF) allowed by Finsler’s lemma, a less conservative approach to the controller design via state-derivative feedback, is proposed in this work, with and without decay rate restriction, for continuous-time linear systems subject to polytopic uncertainties. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
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    Robust Gene Expression Index (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Description: The frequentist gene expression index (FGX) was recently developed to measure expression on Affymetrix oligonucleotide DNA arrays. In this study, we extend FGX to cover nonnormal log expressions, specifically long-tailed symmetric densities and call our new index as robust gene expression index (RGX). In estimation, we implement the modified maximum likelihood method to unravel the elusive solutions of likelihood equations and utilize the Fisher information matrix for covariance terms. From the analysis via the bench-mark datasets and simulated data, it is shown that RGX has promising results and mostly outperforms FGX in terms of relative efficiency of the estimated signals, in particular, when the data are nonnormal.
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    Chaos and Control in Coronary Artery System (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-14
    Description: Two types of coronary artery system N-type and S-type, are investigated. The threshold conditions for the occurrence of Smale horseshoe chaos are obtained by using Melnikov method. Numerical simulations including phase portraits, potential diagram, homoclinic bifurcation curve diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, and Poincaré maps not only prove the correctness of theoretical analysis but also show the interesting bifurcation diagrams and the more new complex dynamical behaviors. Numerical simulations are used to investigate the nonlinear dynamical characteristics and complexity of the two systems, revealing bifurcation forms and the road leading to chaotic motion. Finally the chaotic states of the two systems are effectively controlled by two control methods: variable feedback control and coupled feedback control.
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    Radar Waveform Design for Extended Target Recognition under Detection Constraints (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-15
    Description: We address the problem of radar phase-coded waveform design for extended target recognition in the presence of colored Gaussian disturbance. Phase-coded waveforms are selected since they can fully exploit the transmit power with sufficient variability. An important constraint, target detection performance, is considered to meet the practical requirements. The waveform is designed to achieve maximum recognition performance under a control on the achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of every possible target hypothesis. We formulate the code design in terms of a nonconvex, NP-hard quadratic optimization problem in the cases of both continuous and discrete phases. Techniques based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and randomization are proposed to approximate the optimal solutions. Simulation results show that the recognition performance and the detection requirements are well balanced and accurate approximations are achieved.
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    Specific Niche Characteristics Facilitate the Invasion of an Alien Fish Invader in Boreal Streams (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: We studied the ecological niche relations of native stream fish and an alien invader, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), to examine if brook trout had located an underused environmental niche in our boreal study system. In both study years (1994 versus 2004), we found brook trout to have the most marginal niche position of all the fish species examined. The most important environmental variable affecting the distribution of brook trout was pH, with acid headwater sites being dominated by this species. Brown trout, in contrast, had relatively nonmarginal niche, occurring in average conditions across the sampled sites. Other fish species had niche positions between the two salmonids. Our results show that fish invasions may be strongly facilitated by the presence of suboptimally occupied environmental niche space in the recipient river system.
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9716
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Implementation of a Differential Geometric Filter for Spacecraft Formation Orbit Estimation (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: The differential geometric filter is implemented to estimate the absolute and relative positions of the spacecraft in a formation. The extended Kalman Filter is also implemented as a benchmark for the differential geometric estimation. Only relative positions between the spacecraft are measured. Relative positions are measured using a wireless local positioning system (WLPS) installed in all spacecraft. Two different scenarios are studied: (1) the observations include WLPS measurements only and (2) the observations include WLPS measurements in addition to measurements for the absolute position of one spacecraft made by a radar that takes measurements from the earth’s surface. Results show that the differential geometric estimation has better stability performance and a faster convergence rate compared to the extended Kalman filter.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5966
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Generalized Derivations in Semiprime Gamma Rings (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: Let M be a 2-torsion-free semiprime Γ-ring satisfying the condition aαbβc=aβbαc for all a,b,c∈M,  α,β∈Γ, and let D:M→M be an additive mapping such that D(xαx)=D(x)αx+xαd(x) for all x∈M,  α∈Γ and for some derivation d of M. We prove that D is a generalized derivation.
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    The Effects of Chemical Reaction, Hall, and Ion-Slip Currents on MHD Micropolar Fluid Flow with Thermal Diffusivity Using a Novel Numerical Technique (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: The problem of magnetomicropolar fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer with suction through a porous medium is numerically analyzed. The problem was studied under the effects of chemical reaction, Hall, ion-slip currents, and variable thermal diffusivity. The governing fundamental conservation equations of mass, momentum, angular momentum, energy, and concentration are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformation. The resulting system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations is the then solved using a fairly new technique known as the successive linearization method together with the Chebyshev collocation method. A parametric study illustrating the influence of the magnetic strength, Hall and ion-slip currents, Eckert number, chemical reaction and permeability on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, skin friction coefficients, velocities, temperature, and concentration was carried out.
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    Existence of Solutions for the Evolution p(x)-Laplacian Equation Not in Divergence Form (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: The existence of weak solutions is studied to the initial Dirichlet problem of the equation ut=udiv(|∇u|p(x)−2∇u), with inf p(x)>2. We adopt the method of parabolic regularization. After establishing some necessary uniform estimates on the approximate solutions, we prove the existence of weak solutions.
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    Derivatives of Multivariate Bernstein Operators and Smoothness with Jacobi Weights (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: Using the modulus of smoothness, directional derivatives of multivariate Bernstein operators with weights are characterized. The obtained results partly generalize the corresponding ones for multivariate Bernstein operators without weights.
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    Note on the Choquet Integral as an Interval-Valued Aggregation Operators and Their Applications (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: The concept of an interval-valued capacity is motivated by the goal to generalize a capacity, and it can be used for representing an uncertain capacity. In this paper, we define the discrete interval-valued capacities, a measure of the entropy of a discrete interval-valued capacity, and, Choquet integral with respect to a discrete interval-valued capacity. In particular, we discuss the Choquet integral as an interval-valued aggregation operator and discuss an application of them.
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    Geodesic Effect Near an Elliptical Orbit (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: Using a differential geometric treatment, we analytically derived the expression for De Sitter (geodesic) precession in the elliptical motion of the Earth through the gravitational field of the Sun with Schwarzschild's metric. The expression obtained in this paper in a simple way, using a classical approach, agrees with that given in B. M. Barker and R. F. O'Connell (1970, 1975) in a different setting, using the tools of Newtonian mechanics and the Euler-Lagrange equations.
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    Three-Step Fixed Point Iteration for Generalized Multivalued Mapping in Banach Spaces (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: The convergence of three-step fixed point iterative processes for generalized multivalued nonexpansive mapping was considered in this paper. Under some different conditions, the sequences of three-step fixed point iterates strongly or weakly converge to a fixed point of the generalized multivalued nonexpansive mapping. Our results extend and improve some recent results.
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    (λ,μ)-Fuzzy Version of Ideals, Interior Ideals, Quasi-Ideals, and Bi-Ideals (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: We introduced (λ,μ)-fuzzy ideals, (λ,μ)-fuzzy interior ideals, (λ,μ)-fuzzy quasi-ideals, and (λ,μ)-fuzzy bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup and studied them. When λ=0 and μ=1, we meet the ordinary fuzzy ones. This paper can be seen as a generalization of Kehayopulu and Tsingelis (2006), Kehayopulu and Tsingelis (2007), and Yao (2009).
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    Periodic Points and Fixed Points for the Weaker (ϕ,φ)-Contractive Mappings in Complete Generalized Metric Spaces (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: We introduce the notion of weaker (ϕ,φ)-contractive mapping in complete metric spaces and prove the periodic points and fixed points for this type of contraction. Our results generalize or improve many recent fixed point theorems in the literature.
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    An Analytical Approach to the Analysis of Guard-Channel-Based Call Admission Control in Wireless Cellular Networks (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-21
    Description: We develop an analytical approach to the performance analysis and optimization of wireless cellular networks for which different types of calls are prioritized based on a channel reservation scheme. We assume that the channel occupancy time differs for new and handover calls. We obtain simple formulas for calculating quality of service (QoS) metrics and solve some problems related to finding the optimal values of guard channels as well as present the results of numerical experiments.
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    Filtering-Based Fault Detection for Stochastic Markovian Jump System with Distributed Time-Varying Delays and Mixed Modes (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: The problem of fault detection for stochastic Markovian jump system is considered. The system under consideration involves discrete and distributed time-varying delays, Itô-type stochastic disturbance, and different system and delay modes. The aim of this paper is to design a fault detection filter such that the fault detection system is stochastically stable and satisfies a prescribed disturbance attenuation level. By using a novel Lyapunov functional, a mix-mode-dependent sufficient condition is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed main results.
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    Existence and Uniqueness of Homoclinic Solution for a Class of Nonlinear Second-Order Differential Equations (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: The authors study the existence and uniqueness of a set with -periodic solutions for a class of second-order differential equations by using Mawhin's continuation theorem and some analysis methods, and then a unique homoclinic orbit is obtained as a limit point of the above set of -periodic solutions.
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    Integral Bifurcation Method together with a Translation-Dilation Transformation for Solving an Integrable 2-Component Camassa-Holm Shallow Water System (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: An integrable 2-component Camassa-Holm (2-CH) shallow water system is studied by using integral bifurcation method together with a translation-dilation transformation. Many traveling wave solutions of nonsingular type and singular type, such as solitary wave solutions, kink wave solutions, loop soliton solutions, compacton solutions, smooth periodic wave solutions, periodic kink wave solution, singular wave solution, and singular periodic wave solution are obtained. Further more, their dynamic behaviors are investigated. It is found that the waveforms of some traveling wave solutions vary with the changes of parameter, that is to say, the dynamic behavior of these waves partly depends on the relation of the amplitude of wave and the level of water.
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    General Helices of AW(k)-Type in the Lie Group (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: We study curves of AW(k)-type in the Lie group G with a bi-invariant metric. Also, we characterize general helices in terms of AW(k)-type curve in the Lie group G.
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    Numerical Oscillations Analysis for Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations in Physiological Control Systems (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: This paper deals with the oscillations of numerical solutions for the nonlinear delay differential equations in physiological control systems. The exponential -method is applied to and it is shown that the exponential -method has the same order of convergence as that of the classical -method. Several conditions under which the numerical solutions oscillate are derived. Moreover, it is proven that every nonoscillatory numerical solution tends to positive equilibrium of the continuous system. Finally, the main results are illustrated with numerical examples.
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    A Trend-Switching Financial Time Series Model with Level-Duration Dependence (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: The financial time series model that can capture the nonlinearity and asymmetry of stochastic process has been paid close attention for a long time. However, it is still open to completely overcome the difficult problem that motivates our researches in this paper. An asymmetric and nonlinear model with the change of local trend depending on local high-low turning point process is first proposed in this paper. As the point process can be decomposed into the two different processes, a high-low level process and an up-down duration process, we then establish the so-called trend-switching model which depends on both level and duration (Trend-LD). The proposed model can predict efficiently the direction and magnitude of the local trend of a time series by incorporating the local high-low turning point information. The numerical results on six indices in world stock markets show that the proposed Trend-LD model is suitable for fitting the market data and able to outperform the traditional random walk model.
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    Peristaltic Slip Flow of a Viscoelastic Fluid with Heat and Mass Transfer in a Tube (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: The paper discusses the combined effect of slip velocity and heat and mass transfer on peristaltic flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a uniform tube. This study has numerous applications. It serves as a model for the chyme movement in the small intestine, by considering the chyme as a viscoelastic fluid. The problem is formulated and analysed using perturbation expansion in terms of the wave number as a parameter. Analytic solutions for the axial velocity component, pressure gradient, temperature distribution, and fluid concentration are derived. Also, the effects of the emerging parameters on pressure gradient, temperature distribution, concentration profiles, and trapping phenomenon are illustrated graphically and discussed in detail.
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    Finite-SNR Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff for Cooperative Transmissions with Opportunistic Network Coding (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: We present a multiuser cooperative transmission scheme with opportunistic network coding (CTONC), which can improve system performance. In contrast to direct transmission and conventional cooperative transmission, the CTONC allows the relay node to decide whether or not to help do cooperation and employ network coding based on the limited feedback from the destinations. It will not help a transmission pair unless its direct transmission fails. This enables CTONC to make efficient use of the degrees of freedom of the channels. We derive and analyze the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff for the CTONC over Rayleigh fading channels at finite signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance gain in terms of average mutual information, outage probability, and finite-SNR diversity-multiplexing tradeoff.
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    Highly Efficient Calculation Schemes of Finite-Element Filter Approach for the Eigenvalue Problem of Electric Field (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-27
    Description: This paper discusses finite-element highly efficient calculation schemes for solving eigenvalue problem of electric field. Multigrid discretization is extended to the filter approach for eigenvalue problem of electric field. With this scheme one solves an eigenvalue problem on a coarse grid just at the first step, and then always solves a linear algebraic system on finer and finer grids. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the scheme has high efficiency. Besides, we use interpolation postprocessing technique to improve the accuracy of solutions, and numerical results show that the scheme is an efficient and significant method for eigenvalue problem of electric field.
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    Numerical Identification of Multiparameters in the Space Fractional Advection Dispersion Equation by Final Observations (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: This paper deals with an inverse problem for identifying multiparameters in 1D space fractional advection dispersion equation (FADE) on a finite domain with final observations. The parameters to be identified are the fractional order, the diffusion coefficient, and the average velocity in the FADE. The forward problem is solved by a finite difference scheme, and then an optimal perturbation regularization algorithm is introduced to determine the three parameters simultaneously. Numerical inversions are performed both with the accurate data and noisy data, and several factors having influences on realization of the algorithm are discussed. The inversion solutions are in good approximations to the exact solutions demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
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    LMI Approach to Stability Analysis of Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with -Laplace Diffusion (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: The nonlinear -Laplace diffusion () was considered in the Cohen-Grossberg neural network (CGNN), and a new linear matrix inequalities (LMI) criterion is obtained, which ensures the equilibrium of CGNN is stochastically exponentially stable. Note that, if , -Laplace diffusion is just the conventional Laplace diffusion in many previous literatures. And it is worth mentioning that even if , the new criterion improves some recent ones due to computational efficiency. In addition, the resulting criterion has advantages over some previous ones in that both the impulsive assumption and diffusion simulation are more natural than those of some recent literatures.
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    An -Firm Real-Time Aware Fault-Tolerant Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: Many real-time routing mechanisms have been proposed to support the newly developed wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications such as the transmission and retrieval of multimedia traffic. However, the inherent source constraints of sensor network and instability of wireless communication set quite a problem for the existing routing mechanisms to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of some specific QoS-aware applications. Hence, real-time fault-tolerant schemes are highly desired for WSNs to address these challenges. In this paper, we propose an -firm-based real-time fault-tolerant mechanism, which helps routing mechanisms to achieve specific QoS requirement by employing a local status indicator (LSI) at each sensor node to monitor and evaluate the local conditions of node and network. Therefore, specific fault recovery mechanisms could be implemented for ensuring an acceptable QoS performance, according to the evaluated LSI values. By using this fault-tolerant scheme, each node dynamically adjusts its transmission capability to mitigate the performance degradation of real-time service caused by network faults and to maintain the desired reliability and timeliness. Simulation result shows that LSI cannot only help to reduce the effects of congestion, link failure, and void, but also reach higher successful transmission ratio and smaller transmission delay.
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    Food versus Fuel: Toward a New Paradigm—The Need for a Holistic Approach (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: A key objective of this paper is to provide an assessment of the current and future situation on the “food versus fuel” debate and to contribute to possible alternatives to minimise or avoid future conflict. The debate has centred on three main areas: (i) food versus biofuel production, (ii) their positive and negative effects (i.e., GHG, climate change, and the broader environment), and (iii) a socioeconomic impact. The debate has been controversial because it has largely been driven by politics, ethical/moral considerations, and vested interests rather than by science. The paper focuses on food prices, land competition, GHG, energy balance, and energy subsidies and concerns with the rapid expansion of bioenergy for electricity and heat, climatic changes, the role of agriculture as a key factor, the potential of biomass energy resources, and the various alternatives to minimize or avoid conflict between food and fuel production. Biomass for energy is both “part of the problem and part of the solution.” It proposes a holistic approach: a new paradigm that takes full account of the diverse and complex nature of biomass energy sources and states that the fundamental underlying causes are social injustice, inequality, waste, and so forth, rather than land competition for food and fuel.
    Print ISSN: 2090-7451
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    Polynomials in Control Theory Parametrized by Their Roots (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: The aim of this paper is to introduce the space of roots to study the topological properties of the spaces of polynomials. Instead of identifying a monic complex polynomial with the vector of its coefficients, we identify it with the set of its roots. Viète's map gives a homeomorphism between the space of roots and the space of coefficients and it gives an explicit formula to relate both spaces. Using this viewpoint we establish that the space of monic (Schur or Hurwitz) aperiodic polynomials is contractible. Additionally we obtain a Boundary Theorem.
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    Benzothiazine Dyes/2,4,6-Tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine as a New Visible Two-Component Photoinitiator System (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: Novel photoinitiator systems working under visible radiation were studied. The photoredox pair constructed with dye derivatives of 12H-quinoxalino-[2,3-b][1,4]-benzothiazine (1–3) and 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine (Tz) were found to be effective initiators for free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) using VIS light. Photosensitization occurred through electron transfer, which was confirmed by the observation of a radical cation of the studied dyes. The 1•+ was also characterized in cryogenic matrices (mixture of CH2Cl2 and ionic liquid: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ( −)) and its reactivity was investigated by means of pulse radiolysis in solution at room temperature. In a halogenated solvent and in a mixture of CH2Cl2 and  −, the radical cation 1•+ underwent deprotonation to form a neutral radical 1•, which was stable in the second time scale. During photolysis of the 1/Tz photoredox pair in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and monomer, the formation of a neutral radical 1• was not observed.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    A Tikhonov-Type Regularization Method for Identifying the Unknown Source in the Modified Helmholtz Equation (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: An inverse source problem in the modified Helmholtz equation is considered. We give a Tikhonov-type regularization method and set up a theoretical frame to analyze the convergence of such method. A priori and a posteriori choice rules to find the regularization parameter are given. Numerical tests are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and stability of our proposed method.
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    Improved Polynomial Fuzzy Modeling and Controller with Stability Analysis for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: This study presents an improved model and controller for nonlinear plants using polynomial fuzzy model-based (FMB) systems. To minimize mismatch between the polynomial fuzzy model and nonlinear plant, the suitable parameters of membership functions are determined in a systematic way. Defining an appropriate fitness function and utilizing Taylor series expansion, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to form the shape of membership functions in polynomial forms, which are afterwards used in fuzzy modeling. To validate the model, a controller based on proposed polynomial fuzzy systems is designed and then applied to both original nonlinear plant and fuzzy model for comparison. Additionally, stability analysis for the proposed polynomial FMB control system is investigated employing Lyapunov theory and a sum of squares (SOS) approach. Moreover, the form of the membership functions is considered in stability analysis. The SOS-based stability conditions are attained using SOSTOOLS. Simulation results are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    The Extension of Quality Function Deployment Based on 2-Tuple Linguistic Representation Model for Product Design under Multigranularity Linguistic Environment (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-25
    Description: Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-driven approach for product design and development. A QFD analysis process includes a series of subprocesses, such as determination of the importance of customer requirements (CRs), the correlation among engineering characteristics (ECs), and the relationship between CRs and ECs. Usually more than group of one decision makers are involved in the subprocesses to make the decision. In most decision making problems, they often provide their evaluation information in the linguistic form. Moreover, because of different knowledge, background, and discrimination ability, decision makers may express their linguistic preferences in multigranularity linguistic information. Therefore, an effective approach to deal with the multi-granularity linguistic information in QFD analysis process is highly needed. In this study, the QFD methodology is extended with 2-tuple linguistic representation model under multi-granularity linguistic environment. The extended QFD methodology can cope with multi-granularity linguistic evaluation information and avoid the loss of information. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated with a numerical example.
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    Nonlinear Bi-Integrable Couplings of Multicomponent Guo Hierarchy with Self-Consistent Sources (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: Based on a well-known Lie algebra, the multicomponent Guo hierarchy with self-consistent sources is proposed. With the help of a set of non-semisimple Lie algebra, the nonlinear bi-integrable couplings of the multicomponent Guo hierarchy with self-consistent sources are obtained. It enriches the content of the integrable couplings of hierarchies with self-consistent sources. Finally, the Hamiltonian structures are worked out by employing the variational identity.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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    Synergistic Effect of [Ru(III) + Ir(III)] in N-Bromosuccinimide Reaction with Certain Aliphatic Ketones: A Kinetic Study (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: Dramatic rate enhancements have been observed in the oxidation of acetone (MMK), ethyl methyl ketone (EMK), and isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK) by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of a mixture of metal ions [Ru(III) + Ir(III)]. The rate of oxidation in the the [Ru(III) + Ir(III)] system is much faster than either in the Ru(III) or in Ir(III) catalyzed system. The order in [NBS] was found to be zero both in catalyzed as well as uncatalyzed reactions. However, the order in [ketone] changed from unity to a fractional one in metal ion catalyzed systems. On the basis of kinetic features, the most plausible mechanism involving the oxidation of [Ir(III)-ketone] by Ru(III) to give [Ir(V)-ketone] and Ru(I) in the rate limiting step is proposed. Ru(I) thus formed is oxidized by NBS to Ru(III) in a fast step is discussed and individual rate parameters were evaluated.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7985
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    CFD Study of Industrial FCC Risers: The Effect of Outlet Configurations on Hydrodynamics and Reactions (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-26
    Description: Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactors have complex hydrodynamics, which depend not only on operating conditions, feedstock quality, and catalyst particles characteristics, but also on the geometric configurations of the reactor. This paper presents a numerical study of the influence of different riser outlet designs on the dynamic of the flow and reactor efficiency. A three-dimensional, three-phase flow model and a four-lump kinetic scheme were used to predict the performance of the reactor. The phenomenon of vaporization of the liquid oil droplets was also analyzed. Results showed that small changes in the outlet configuration had a significant effect on the flow patterns and consequently, on the reaction yields.
    Print ISSN: 1687-806X
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Empirical Likelihood Estimation for Population Pharmacokinetic Study Based on Generalized Linear Model (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-28
    Description: To obtain efficient estimation of parameters is a major objective in population pharmacokinetic study. In this paper, we propose an empirical likelihood-based method to analyze the population pharmacokinetic data based on the generalized linear model. A nonparametric version of the Wilk's theorem for the limiting distributions of the empirical likelihood ratio is derived. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of empirical likelihood method. An application illustrating our methods and supporting the simulation study results is presented. The results suggest that the proposed method is feasible for population pharmacokinetic data.
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    A Smoothing Interval Neural Network (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-30
    Description: In many applications, it is natural to use interval data to describe various kinds of uncertainties. This paper is concerned with an interval neural network with a hidden layer. For the original interval neural network, it might cause oscillation in the learning procedure as indicated in our numerical experiments. In this paper, a smoothing interval neural network is proposed to prevent the weights oscillation during the learning procedure. Here, by smoothing we mean that, in a neighborhood of the origin, we replace the absolute values of the weights by a smooth function of the weights in the hidden layer and output layer. The convergence of a gradient algorithm for training the smoothing interval neural network is proved. Supporting numerical experiments are provided.
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    The K-Theoretic Formulation of D-Brane Aharonov-Bohm Phases (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-31
    Description: The topological calculation of Aharonov-Bohm phases associated with D-branes in the absence of a Neveu-Schwarz B-field is explored. The K-theoretic classification of Ramond-Ramond fields in Type II and Type I theories is used to produce formulae for the Aharonov-Bohm phase associated with a torsion flux. A topological construction shows that K-theoretic pairings to calculate such phases exist and are well defined. An analytic perspective is then taken, obtaining a means for determining Aharonov-Bohm phases by way of the reduced eta-invariant. This perspective is used to calculate the phase for an experiment involving the (−1) −8 system in Type I theory and compared with previous calculations performed using different methods.
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    Distributed Compressed Video Sensing in Camera Sensor Networks (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-31
    Description: With the booming of video devices ranging from low-power visual sensors to mobile phones, the video sequences captured by these simple devices must be compressed easily and reconstructed by relatively more powerful servers. In such scenarios, distributed compressed video sensing (DCVS), combining distributed video coding (DVC) and compressed sensing (CS), is developed as a novel and powerful signal-sensing and compression algorithm for video signals. In DCVS, video frames can be compressed to a few measurements in a separate manner, while the interframe correlation is explored by the joint recovery algorithm. In this paper, a new DCVS joint recovery scheme using side-information-based belief propagation (SI-BP) is proposed to exploit both the intraframe and interframe correlations, which is particularly efficient over error-prone channels. The DCVS scheme using SI-BP is designed over two frame signal models, the mixture Gaussian (MG) model and the wavelet hidden Markov tree (WHMT) model. Simulation results evaluated on two video sequences illustrate that the SI-BP-based DCVS scheme is error resilient when the measurements are transmitted through the noisy wireless channels.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
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    On the Performance of the Measure for Diagnosing Multiple High Leverage Collinearity-Reducing Observations (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-31
    Description: There is strong evidence indicating that the existing measures which are designed to detect a single high leverage collinearity-reducing observation are not effective in the presence of multiple high leverage collinearity-reducing observations. In this paper, we propose a cutoff point for a newly developed high leverage collinearity-influential measure and two existing measures ( and ) to identify high leverage collinearity-reducing observations, the high leverage points which hide multicollinearity in a data set. It is important to detect these observations as they are responsible for the misleading inferences about the fitting of the regression model. The merit of our proposed measure and cutoff point in detecting high leverage collinearity-reducing observations is investigated by using engineering data and Monte Carlo simulations.
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    Study on Parameter Optimization Design of Drum Brake Based on Hybrid Cellular Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-31
    Description: In consideration of the significant role the brake plays in ensuring the fast and safe running of vehicles, and since the present parameter optimization design models of brake are far from the practical application, this paper proposes a multiobjective optimization model of drum brake, aiming at maximizing the braking efficiency and minimizing the volume and temperature rise of drum brake. As the commonly used optimization algorithms are of some deficiency, we present a differential evolution cellular multiobjective genetic algorithm (DECell) by introducing differential evolution strategy into the canonical cellular genetic algorithm for tackling this problem. For DECell, the gained Pareto front could be as close as possible to the exact Pareto front, and also the diversity of nondominated individuals could be better maintained. The experiments on the test functions reveal that DECell is of good performance in solving high-dimension nonlinear multiobjective problems. And the results of optimizing the new brake model indicate that DECell obviously outperforms the compared popular algorithm NSGA-II concerning the number of obtained brake design parameter sets, the speed, and stability for finding them.
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    Basic Characteristics of IEC Flickermeter Processing (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: Flickermeter is a common name for a system that measures the obnoxiousness of flicker caused by voltage fluctuations. The output of flickermeter is a value of short-term flicker severity indicator, . This paper presents the results of the numerical simulations that reconstruct the processing of flickermeter in frequency domain. With the use of standard test signals, the characteristics of flickermeter were determined for the case of amplitude modulation of input signal, frequency modulation of input signal, and for input signal with interharmonic component. For the needs of simulative research, elements of standard IEC flickermeter signal chain as well as test signal source and tools for acquisition, archiving, and presentation of the obtained results were modeled. The results were presented with a set of charts, and the specific fragments of the charts were pointed out and commented on. Some examples of the influence of input signal’s bandwidth limitation on the flickermeter measurement result were presented for the case of AM and FM modulation. In addition, the diagrams that enable the evaluation of flickermeter’s linearity were also presented.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5591
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    Topics: Computer Science , Technology
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    The Effects of Control Domain Position on Optimal Control of Cardiac Arrhythmia (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: We study the effects of control domain position on optimal control problem of cardiac arrhythmia. The well-established mathematical model, namely, the monodomain model, is used to represent the electrical behavior of the cardiac tissue. Two test cases are considered in this paper: the control domain for Test Case 1 is close to the excitation domain, while the control domain for Test Case 2 is a little bit far away from the excitation domain. The modified Dai-Yuan nonlinear conjugate gradient method is employed for computing the optimal applied extracellular current. Our experiment results show that the excitation wavefronts are successfully dampened out for both test cases. Also, experiment results show that the position of the control domain for Test Case 1 is preferable than that of Test Case 2 during the defibrillation process.
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    Time-Based Separation for Aircraft Landing Using Danger Value Distribution Flow Model (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: This study proposes a flow model using a modified Lighthill-Whitham-Richards highway model. The proposed model treats each aircraft on an airway as a continuous distribution of air collision probability, which is called the danger value distribution. With the proposed flow model, collision can be easily predicted by the peak value of the overlap of the danger value distribution of each aircraft. The study further proposes a velocity adjustment method that can be used to resolve the conflict. The proposed method can be applied for aircraft separation during the landing process, in which the separation time is different for different combinations of aircraft types.
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    Using Lie Symmetry Analysis to Solve a Problem That Models Mass Transfer from a Horizontal Flat Plate (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: We use Lie symmetry analysis to solve a boundary value problem that arises in chemical engineering, namely, mass transfer during the contact of a solid slab with an overhead flowing fluid. This problem was earlier tackled using Adomian decomposition method (Fatoorehchi and Abolghasemi 2011), leading to the Adomian series form of solution. It turns out that the application of Lie group analysis yields an elegant form of the solution. After introducing the governing mathematical model and some preliminaries of Lie symmetry analysis, we compute the Lie point symmetries admitted by the governing equation and use these to construct the desired solution as an invariant solution.
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    Optimal Management during the Microorganism Culture Based on the Continuous Purifying Effort (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: This paper deals with the problem of selective harvesting in a chemostat model. Here, we have taken the purifying effort as a dynamic variable and tax as a control instrument. The existence of the possible steady states along with their globally stable equilibrium is discussed. The optimal tax policy is also discussed with the help of Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, numerical examples are taken to illustrate some of the key results.
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    A Compact Multiband Notch UWB Antenna (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: A simple and a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) ultrawide band (UWB) antenna is presented. Multiband stop function is achieved by two different types of band stop resonators. One is a tilted square spiral slot resonator of different size and length etched on the patch and the other is a coupled resonator etched on the ground plane. These resonators provide considerable increase in notch bandwidth at the stop bands. The proposed antenna has a total size of  mm2. The designed antenna achieves pass band performance at 1.8–2.1 GHz (15.38%), 3.0–3.2 GHz (6.45%), 4.4–4.7 GHz (6.59%), 6.3-6.4 GHz (1.57%), and 8–11.2 GHz (33.33%) where VSWR
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    Numerical Solution for Complex Systems of Fractional Order (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: By using a complex transform, we impose a system of fractional order in the sense of Riemann-Liouville fractional operators. The analytic solution for this system is discussed. Here, we introduce a method of homotopy perturbation to obtain the approximate solutions. Moreover, applications are illustrated.
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    The Mask of Odd Points -Ary Interpolating Subdivision Scheme (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: We present an explicit formula for the mask of odd points -ary, for any odd , interpolating subdivision schemes. This formula provides the mask of lower and higher arity schemes. The 3-point and 5-point -ary schemes introduced by Lian, 2008, and ()-point -ary schemes introduced by, Lian, 2009, are special cases of our explicit formula. Moreover, other well-known existing odd point -ary schemes including the schemes introduced by Zheng et al., 2009, can easily be generated by our formula. In addition, error bounds between subdivision curves and control polygons of schemes are computed. It has been noticed that error bounds decrease when the complexity of the scheme decreases and vice versa. Also, as we increase arity of the schemes the error bounds decrease. Furthermore, we present brief comparison of total absolute curvature of subdivision schemes having different arity with different complexity. Convexity preservation property of scheme is also presented.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Applying Randomness Effectively Based on Random Forests for Classification Task of Datasets of Insufficient Information (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: Random forests are known to be good for data mining of classification tasks, because random forests are robust for datasets having insufficient information possibly with some errors. But applying random forests blindly may not produce good results, and a dataset in the domain of rotogravure printing is one of such datasets. Hence, in this paper, some best classification accuracy based on clever application of random forests to predict the occurrence of cylinder bands in rotogravure printing is investigated. Since random forests could generate good results with an appropriate combination of parameters like the number of randomly selected attributes for each split and the number of trees in the forests, an effective data mining procedure considering the property of the target dataset by way of trial random forests is investigated. The effectiveness of the suggested procedure is shown by experiments with very good results.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Complete Synchronization of Strictly Different Chaotic Systems (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: The criteria for complete synchronization of strictly different chaotic systems using feedback control are presented in this paper. Complete synchronization is achieved when all the states in the slave system are synchronous with the corresponding state in the master system. We illustrate that using a single input and single output control scheme, the synchronization of a class of strictly different systems is obtained in partial form. To overcome this problem we show that a multiple input and multiple output control scheme with an equal number of inputs and outputs than the order system is required in order to obtain the complete synchronization. This procedure is used to synchronize the Rössler and the Chen systems as an example. We also demonstrate that if the synchronization scheme considers less inputs and outputs, the partial-state synchronization is obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    A 125 GeV Higgs and Its Diphoton Signal in Different SUSY Models: A Mini Review (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: In this paper we briefly review our recent studies on a 125 GeV Higgs and its diphoton signal rate in different low-energy supersymmetric models, namely, the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM), the nearly minimal supersymmetric standard model (nMSSM), and the constrained MSSM. Our conclusion is as follows (i) in the allowed parameter space the SM-like Higgs boson can easily be 125 GeV in the MSSM, NMSSM, and nMSSM, while it is hard to realize in the constrained MSSM; (ii) the diphoton Higgs signal rate in the nMSSM and constrained MSSM is suppressed relative to the prediction of the SM, while the signal rate can be enhanced in the MSSM and NMSSM; (iii) the NMSSM may allow for a lighter top squark than the MSSM, which can thus ameliorate the fine-tuning problem.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7365
    Topics: Physics
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    A Convolution Approach on Partial Sums of Certain Harmonic Univalent Functions (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: The purpose of the present paper is to establish some new results giving the sharp bounds of the real parts of ratios of harmonic univalent functions to their sequences of partial sums by using convolution. Relevant connections of the results presented here with various known results are briefly indicated.
    Print ISSN: 0161-1712
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0425
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Modified Firefly Algorithm (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: Firefly algorithm is one of the new metaheuristic algorithms for optimization problems. The algorithm is inspired by the flashing behavior of fireflies. In the algorithm, randomly generated solutions will be considered as fireflies, and brightness is assigned depending on their performance on the objective function. One of the rules used to construct the algorithm is, a firefly will be attracted to a brighter firefly, and if there is no brighter firefly, it will move randomly. In this paper we modify this random movement of the brighter firefly by generating random directions in order to determine the best direction in which the brightness increases. If such a direction is not generated, it will remain in its current position. Furthermore the assignment of attractiveness is modified in such a way that the effect of the objective function is magnified. From the simulation result it is shown that the modified firefly algorithm performs better than the standard one in finding the best solution with smaller CPU time.
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Numerical Simulation of Solitary Wave Induced Flow Motion around a Permeable Submerged Breakwater (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: This paper presents a numerical model for the simulation of solitary wave transformation around a permeable submerged breakwater. The wave-structure interaction is obtained by solving the Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes governing equations (VARANS) and volume of fluid (VOF) theory. This model is applied to understand the effects of porosity, equivalent mean diameter of porous media, structure height, and structure width on the propagation of a solitary wave in the vicinity of a permeable submerged structure. The results show that solitary wave propagation around a permeable breakwater is essentially different from that around impermeable one. It is also found that the structure porosity has more impact than equivalent mean diameter on the wave transformation and flow structure. After interacting with the higher structure, the wave has smaller wave height behind the structure with a lower travelling speed. When the wave propagates over the breakwater with longer width, the wave travelling speed is obviously reduced with more wave energy dissipated inside porous structure.
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Combined Visibility and Surrounding Triangles Method for Simulation of Crack Discontinuities in Meshless Methods (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: In this paper a combined node searching algorithm for simulation of crack discontinuities in meshless methods called combined visibility and surrounding triangles (CVT) is proposed. The element free Galerkin (EFG) method is employed for stress analysis of cracked bodies. The proposed node searching algorithm is based on the combination of surrounding triangles and visibility methods; the surrounding triangles method is used for support domains of nodes and quadrature points generated at the vicinity of crack faces and the visibility method is used for points located on the crack faces. In comparison with the conventional methods, such as the visibility, the transparency, and the diffraction method, this method is simpler with reasonable efficiency. To show the performance of this method, linear elastic fracture mechanics analyses are performed on number of standard test specimens and stress intensity factors are calculated. It is shown that the results are in good agreement with the exact solution and with those generated by the finite element method (FEM).
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Random -Policy Geo/G/1 Queue with Startup and Closedown Times (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: This study investigates a random -policy Geo/G/1 queue with startup and closedown times. is newly determined every time a new cycle begins. When random customers are accumulated, the server is immediately turned on but is temporarily unavailable to the waiting customers. It needs a startup time before starting providing service. After all customers in the system are served exhaustively, the server is shut down by a closedown time. Using the generating function and supplementary variable technique, analytic solutions of system size, lengths of state periods, and sojourn time are derived.
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    Geoelectric Exploration of the Purísima-Rumicruz District, Jujuy Province, Argentina (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: Purísima-Rumicruz district consists of several polymetallic veins, rich in copper and lead. The veins have a breccia texture and are located in shear bands, with locally high concentrations of sulfides in a carbonatic gangue. The host rock of the veins consists of a black shale sequence with thin levels of fine sands, with a low degree of metamorphism, and corresponds to the Acoite formation (Lower Ordovician). The depositional environment was an open clastic platform where storm processes prevailed. An exploratory program using induced polarization and resistivity with the dipole-dipole method was carried out with the objective of establishing geoelectric anomalies in depth, which would permit the identification of exploratory targets. The group of veins was divided into three sectors: Purísima, El Brechón, and La Nueva. Low-resistivity values correspond to faulty zones, some of which are related to surface veins. The presence of diagenetic pyrite in the shales of Acoite formation considerably increases background chargeability (induced polarization) values. However, small chargeability anomalies associated to low-resistivity values represent exploratory targets for the Purísima-Rumicruz district.
    Print ISSN: 1687-885X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8868
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Optimization on Production-Inventory Problem with Multistage and Varying Demand (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-14
    Description: This paper addresses production-inventory problem for the manufacturer by explicitly taking into account multistage and varying demand. A nonlinear hybrid integer constrained optimization is modeled to minimize the total cost including setup cost and holding cost in the planning horizon. A genetic algorithm is developed for the problem. A series of computational experiments with different sizes is used to demonstrate the efficiency and universality of the genetic algorithm in terms of the running time and solution quality. At last the combination of crossover probability and mutation probability is tested for all problems and a law is found for large size.
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    On the Meaning of Affinity Limits in B-Cell Epitope Prediction for Antipeptide Antibody-Mediated Immunity (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
    Description: B-cell epitope prediction aims to aid the design of peptide-based immunogens (e.g., vaccines) for eliciting antipeptide antibodies that protect against disease, but such antibodies fail to confer protection and even promote disease if they bind with low affinity. Hence, the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) was searched to obtain published thermodynamic and kinetic data on binding interactions of antipeptide antibodies. The data suggest that the affinity of the antibodies for their immunizing peptides appears to be limited in a manner consistent with previously proposed kinetic constraints on affinity maturation in vivo and that cross-reaction of the antibodies with proteins tends to occur with lower affinity than the corresponding reaction of the antibodies with their immunizing peptides. These observations better inform B-cell epitope prediction to avoid overestimating the affinity for both active and passive immunization; whereas active immunization is subject to limitations of affinity maturation in vivo and of the capacity to accumulate endogenous antibodies, passive immunization may transcend such limitations, possibly with the aid of artificial affinity-selection processes and of protein engineering. Additionally, protein disorder warrants further investigation as a possible supplementary criterion for B-cell epitope prediction, where such disorder obviates thermodynamically unfavorable protein structural adjustments in cross-reactions between antipeptide antibodies and proteins.
    Print ISSN: 1687-8027
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8035
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
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    Diversity Management in the Canadian Workplace: Towards an Antiracism Approach (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
    Description: Most diversity management programs in Canada maintain that enhancing workforce diversity is of tremendous significance for business organizations in today’s competitive global urban markets. Since well-meaning diversity management initiatives have been largely ineffective thus far in dealing with workplace discrimination and racism in the Canadian workplace, this paper underscores the need to decenter the focus of diversity management from a business imperative to an antidiscrimination and social justice imperative. Within this latter perspective, the paper examines the strengths and limitations of the antiracism approach that has been implemented in various developed countries in recent years. The antiracism approach is an action-oriented strategy for institutional and systemic change that has at its core the interrogation of privilege, power disparities, and other forms of inequity within the organization. Drawing from the lessons of various initiatives that have utilized this approach, the present paper emphasizes the need for a nuanced antiracism approach in the multicultural Canadian society if diversity management is to attain its goal of greater inclusion of all individuals in informal networks and formal organizational programs.
    Print ISSN: 2090-4185
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-4193
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of China’s Changing Urban Hierarchy (1950–2005) (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
    Description: This paper examines the dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of China’s urban hierarchy from 1950 to 2005. We limit the study to mainland China’s 137 urban agglomerations of 750,000 or more population as of 2005. The paper improves upon a classic approach to measuring shifting ranks within an urban hierarchy by applying advanced spatial analysis techniques. We use a Getis-Ord , a space-time Moran scatter plot, and dynamic LISA paths to examine the regional difference and change for these urban agglomerations. Our study revealed a north-south divide in the changing urban hierarchy of China after 1990. The analysis demonstrated that the spatial and temporal shift of urban dominance in China was closely associated with policy and economic factors. The paper concludes with a discussion of the differences across the six different time periods of change from 1950 to 2005.
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    Electronic ISSN: 2090-4193
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    Structural Studies on Nonequilibrium Microstructures of Dioctyl Sodium Dodecyl Sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT) in p-Toluenesulfonic Acid and Phosphatidylcholine (2012)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-09
    Description: Several microstructures are evolved at the interface when sparingly soluble solid surfactants come in contact with water. One class of these microstructures is termed as “myelin figures”; these were observed when phosphatidylcholine came in contact with water. Although the myelins are initially simple rod-like, complex forms like helices, coils and so forth. appear in the later stage. Finally, the myelins fuse together to form a complex mosaic-like structure. When studied by taking a cross-section using cryoscanning electron microscopy, it revealed concentric circular pattern inside the myelin figures. The cross-sections of (dioctyl sodium dodecyl sulfosiccinate) AOT/water system myelin internal structures were lost. When p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTS) 2 wt% was present in the water phase, AOT myelins revealed the internal microstructures. It has annular concentric ring-like structure with a core axon at the centre. Further investigation revealed new microstructures for the first time having multiple axons in the single-myelin strand.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7985
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7993
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    Fluorescence Quenching by Reversible Charge Separation Followed by Ions Recombination and Their Separation Suppressed by Coulomb Attraction (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-09
    Description: The Stern-Volmer constant is specified for the luminescence quenched by reversible ionization of excited molecules. The exergonic branch of the Rehm-Weller free energy dependence of this constant is known to be a plateau determined by irreversible ionization being under diffusion control. In the endergonic region the ionization is reversible and competes with the irreversible in-cage recombination of ions and their escape from the cage. At strong Coulomb attraction the latter phenomenon is shown to be negligible compared to the former that determines the shape and location of the descending branch of the Rehm-Weller curve. At weaker Coulomb attraction (at higher solvent polarity), this curve turns down at larger endergonicity. The experimental data obtained in solvents of different polarities are put in order and in full accordance with present theory.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7993
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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