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  • Articles  (1,556)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,556)
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  • 1976  (971)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (1,556)
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  • Articles  (1,556)
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  • 1975-1979  (971)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactivity of PVC thermal stabilizers with hydrogen chloride in alcoholic solutions (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200225
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on chemically modified cotton. V. Effect of zinc chloride solutions on swelling and other properties of cottonPresented at the 15th Technological Conference of ATIRA, BITRA, and SITRA, Bombay, January 1974. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 525-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the effect of zinc chloride solutions of different molarity at different temperatures, viz., 10°, 25°, 36°, 55°, and 75°C, on various properties of cotton fiber such as degree of swelling, accessibility to water vapor and iodine absorption, infrared ratio, barium activity number (BAN), and leveling-off degree of polymerization (LODP). Zinc chloride solution caused inter- and intrafibrillar swelling in cotton fiber depending on conditions of treatment, viz., concentration of solution and temperature employed. Fibers treated in 10.07 moles/1. (M) solution of zinc chloride in slack state showed rapid increase in degree of swelling up to 2 hr, followed by a slow increase, reaching the maximum after 3 hr of treatment. Fibers swollen with fixed ends without allowing shrinkage showed gradual increase with maximum swelling after 6 hr of treatment. Cotton fibers treated in different molar solutions of zinc chloride at 55°C showed varying degrees of swelling (inter- and intrafibrillar) and a somewhat different trend compared to that observed at 10°C. Electron micrographs revealed mostly intercrystalline swelling in case of samples treated with 9.26M at 10°C, while the same concentration produced intracrystalline swelling at 55°C. Accessibility to water vapor, iodine absorption, and BAN of treated samples showed specific effect of temperature with regard to effectiveness of concentrations of zinc chloride solutions. Similar effects of temperature with regard to concentrations of reagent were observed on infrared ratio and LODP. Accessibility by iodine absorption and LODP correlate with BAN; also, the accessibility by iodine absorption correlates with the LODP.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200223
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymer composition as a function of molecular weight and the effect of conversion on this relationship (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 581-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The copolymer compositions as a function of molecular weight for three poly(styrene-co-vinyl stearate) copolymers of widely varying conversion were determined. A combined gel permeation chromatography-infrared spectroscopy method was used. Theoretical changes in copolymer composition were calculated using reactivity ratios. Comparison of the calculated and observed changes in copolymer composition as a function of molecular weight showed qualitative agreement. However, the observed changes in composition were significantly larger than those calculated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute diffusion through swollen polymer membranes (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 609-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were designed to study the role of the solvent in the transport of a solute through a solvent-swollen polymer membrane. A single solute (an organic dye), a single polymer (cross-linked natural rubber), and 24 different organic solvents were used for this purpose. The solute diffusion coefficient D was calculated from the measured permeability P and distribution coefficient K, and was compared to the diffusion coefficient of the solute in the pure solvent. The main parameters of the solvent were shown to be its viscosity and the degree it swells the polymer. At high swelling, the results are in agreement with a model that pictures the resistance to solute diffusion as hydrodynamic interaction with the solvent while the polymer acts as an obstruction that increases the tortuosity of the diffusion path. At very low swelling, the diffusion coefficient approaches an asymptotic limit which is independent of solvent viscosity. However, even with as low as 10% solvent, some effects of viscosity are still seen. These results are discussed in terms of a quantitative theory for the obstruction effect proposed by Meares and compared to other literature data.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of red phosphorus on the flammability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 689-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Addition of red phosphorus in concentrations of about 4% to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) reduces the flammability of that polymer. The rates of flame propagation and the ignitability are reduced, while the oxygen index (O.I.) is increased. The surface temperature of burning PET amounts to TS ≈ 380°C; addition of 4% red phosphorus raises this value to TS ≈ 450°C. An increase of the environmental temperature TE enhances the flammability of PET and PET + phosphorus samples; the O.I. decreases and the rate of flame propagation increases with temperature. The flame-retardant effectiveness of red phosphorus is reduced if the sample is burned in a N2O atmosphere. This indicates that part of the flame retardancy imparted by phosphorus involves gas-phase inhibition. The major flame-retardant action does, however, occur in the condensed phase, since the rate of pyrolysis of PET is affected by the presence of red phosphorus.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactivity of poly(vinyl chloride) containing N-methyl-N-carboxymethyl dithiocarbamate toward metal ions in heterogeneous system and effect of γ-irradiation on the reactivity (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 733-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) containing N-methyl-N-carboxymethyl dithiocarbamate (PSDC) with metal ions in a heterogeneous system and the effects of γ-irradiation on the reactivity were studied. Slurried PSDC has an affinity for a number of metal ions in aqueous solutions. On the basis of analyses for nitrogen and sulfur and on infrared spectra, a possible chelating structure for PSDC was deduced. The gaseous products evolved during the gamma radiolysis of PSDC under vacuum were measured. Although the dithiocarbamate group bonded to the main chain gave some protection against the dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) component, a small amount of the carboxymethyl group was decomposed. It was found that with γ-irradiation doses up to 30 Mrad, only about 1 mole-% out of 17.6 mole-% of N-methyl-N-carboxymethyl dithiocarbamate in the polymer was decomposed. It was shown that the reactivity of the irradiated PSDC in water toward metal ions was almost the same as that before irradiation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200314
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic and mechanistic characterization of water sorption in homogeneous and asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 789-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The water sorption isotherms for homogeneous and asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes have been measured at different temperatures. Subtle differences between the water sorption isotherms for asymmetric and homogeneous membranes have been interpreted by suggesting that capillary condensation contributes significantly to sorption in asymmetric membranes at high activities and also to an intriguing excess sorption observed in homogeneous membranes at intermediate activities. This model has been supported by the experimentally determined values of the enthalpy and entropy changes associated with sorption.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200319
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as used in articular prostheses (a molecular weight distribution study) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 809-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Currently there is widespread use of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular components in total joint replacement prostheses. What has been most surprising about the wear of UHMWPE under such circumstances is the occurrence of brittle fracture. Such fracture had not been observed in the usual engineering tests done in the laboratory on UHMWPE. It was only when prosthese which had been removed from patients were examined or run in hip joint simulators with serum or synovial fluid as the lubricant, that brittle fracture was encountered. The problem of environment-enhanced brittle fracture in plastics dates back to 1946. Interestingly, the phenomenon was first described in polyethylene. The prime variables involved are polymer molecular weight, sensitizing environment, stress filed, and temperature. Other things being equal, brittle behavior in polyethylene is extremely sensitive to the amount of low molecular weight polymer present. In the light of the foregoing we have studied the molecular weight distribution in six commercially available UHMWPE components. These were obtained from six different manufacturers. The specimens were characterized both on their bearing (wear) surfaces and in their interior bulk. The results obtained indicate that: 1The UHMWPE components contain substantial amounts of low molecular weight polymer.2The UHMWPE components differ significantly in molecular weight distribution.3The UHMWPE components contain substantial amounts of crosslinked polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200321
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of orientation of two-dimensional filler on dynamic mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 813-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin filled with mica flake, as two-dimensional filler, were investigated over the temperature range from room temperature to 200°C. Two series of composite specimens were examined. One is series RM, containing ill-oriented mica flakes, and another is RMB, containing mica flakes oriented in the direction parallel to the specimen surface. Both tensile and shear moduli for RMB series were determined by dynamic mechanical experiments. The tensile modulus for RMB series was always higher than that for RM series over the whole temperature range. The shear modulus for RMB series was low, compared with that of the tensile modulus in the rubbery state. The behavior of the modulus reinforcement, observed both in the glassy and rubbery states, was compared with recently proposed theories of Wu and Padawer and Beecher. In the glassy state, the tensile modulus of RM series follows Wu's theory, while that of the RMB series agrees with Padawer and Beecher's theory. In the rubbery state, the tensile modulus of each series cannot be well explained by either theory. It was proposed that the tensile stress applied to the specimen was converted to shear stress in a thin resinous layer sandwiched by two mica flakes. The modulus behavior of the RMB series can be fully explained by this model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200322
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of polymers. XIV. Thermal analysis studies in air on homopolymers of m-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene and p-N,N-diethylaminostyrene and their copolymers with styrene (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 859-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Homopolymers of m-N,N-diethylaminostyrene and p-N,N-diethylaminostyrene and their copolymers with styrene have been subjected to thermal analysis studies in air. Molecular weight and copolymer composition have been shown to influence the stability of the polymers and the shape of the TG and DSC curves in the case of polymers containing m-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene. Polymers containing p-N,N-diethylaminostyrene show TG and DSC curves essentially independent of molecular weight and copolymer composition. The behavior of the two systems is discussed in terms of the antioxidant effect of the chain-bound N,N-dialkylamino substituents and their secondary reactions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200401
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