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  • Articles  (174)
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  • Articles  (174)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (174)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • De Gruyter
  • International Union of Crystallography
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  • 1975-1979  (174)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of oxygen and substrate concentrations on the ideal film thickness and the maximum overall substrate uptake rate in microbial film fermenters (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 15-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The criterion for the oxygen limitation of substrate uptake in microbial film fermenters is expressed in terms of diffusion coefficients, utilization coefficients, and the free solution concentrations of substrate and oxygen. It is proposed that the ideal film thickness in such fermenters is equal to the penetration depth of the limiting substrate. The ideal film thickness is calculated, in terms of the parameters contained in the criterion for oxygen limitation, for three separate kinetic rate expressions. It is found that for the air-glucose-microbe system a simplified kinetic rate expression can be used and the region of dependence on two substrates is shown to be very limited. This is not true for other systems. Maximum uptake rates are calculated for a range of concentrations. Finally, it is shown that the procedure used can be generalized to determine the limiting substrate in a multisubstrate system and to calculate ideal film thickness and uptake rates for any pair of substrates where the kinetics of substrate uptake are known for the individual microorganism.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of a diffusion-limited immobilized enzyme reaction (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The apparent activation energy of N-α-benzoyl-L-arginine-ethyl ester (BAEE) hydrolysis by immobilized trypsin varies with the bulk substrate concentration from its maximum value, comparable to that of the free enzyme, to considerably lower values. Thus, with a concentration change from 3 × 10-2 to 10-4 M the apparent activation energy diminishes from 9.5 to 4.5 kcal/mol. This experimental finding is interpreted to be due to Michaelis-type kinetics in a heterogeneous system, in one case reflecting the temperature dependence of the maximal enzyme reaction rate, in another case illustrating the diffusion limited overall reaction at low substrate concentrations. As a consequence it may not be feasible to operate a reaction at elevated temperatures in a high conversion range, since diffusion limitation may restrict the enhancement of the overall reaction rate. Some further data are given concerning the buffer effect on the reaction rate, which should occur due to its limitation by proton transfer in the buffer-free system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of constant recycle solids concentration in activated sludge process (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 145-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The applicability of the model derived by Ramanathan and Gaudy (Biotechnol. Bioeng., 11, 207, (1969)) for completely mixed activated sludge treatment holding the recycle solids concentration as a system constant was investigated using an actual industrial organic wastewater. Short-term experiments were conducted at various dilution rates (1/8, 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1/1.5 hr-1) for two recycle solids concentration values (5000 and 7000 mg/liter). The influent substrate concentration was maintained at 1000 mg/liter COD and the hydraulic recycle ratio, α, was kept at 0.3. It was found that for bottling plant (Pepsi Cola) waste-waters, a steady state with respect to reactor biological solids and effluent COD, at different dilution rates, could be attained, lending experimental evidence to the assumption that a steady state could be reached in developing the model and also affecting the applicability of the model in industrial organic wastewater. The reactor biological solids and effluent COD calculated from the model closely agreed with the observed values at dilution rates lower than 0.5 hr-1. Operation at dilution rates higher than 0.5 hr-1 will washout the biological solids from the reactor and the recycle substrate concentration will be apparent if the concentration of XR were not increased.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient behavior of a continuous stirred tank biological reactor utilizing phenol as an inhibitory substrate (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 63-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transient experiments were conducted on a Pseudomomas utilizing phenol in a continuous culture by disturbing the influent substrate concentration and dilution rate. Two stable steady states existed for some ranges of the parameters. Highly damped oscillations were observed in approaching a new high conversion steady state or in returning to a new high conversion steady state following a small disturbance. When a large disturbance was applied there was a smooth (overdamped) approach to a new low conversion steady state.The observed oscillatory behavior for small disturbances was predicted by a modified Powell-Ierusalemskii bottleneck model, but could not be predicted by a Monod-Haldane model; neither model was accurate for predicting the effect of large disturbances.A constant wall growth factor was used to account for microbial film activity, and the existence of two stable states was directly due to the presence of the film.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of discontinuous feeding on ethanol production by saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient response of Enterobacter aerogenes under a dual nutrient limitation in a chemostat (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Utilizing a chemostat with a dual nutrient limitation of nitrogen and phosphate, we examined the transient response of the culture following a pulse of one of the limiting nutrients (ammonia). This method provided quantitative evidence that cells can be grown under dual nutrient limitation. Furthermore, the pattern of response was consistent with the hypothesis that phosphate limitation restricts nucleic acid synthesis in the cell and that nitrogen limitation restricts protein synthesis. The net result is that under a phosphate limitation there is a restricted biosynthetic capacity which we feel is closely associated with the RNA content of the cell.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic studies of α-galactosidase-containing mold pellets on PNPG hydrolysis (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Little is known about techniques for applying untreated microbial cells containing enzymes directly to industrial processes as a biocatalyst. The kinetic behavior of α-galactosidase-containing spherical pellets which are formed naturally under given conditions in a submerged culture of Mortierella vinacea was studied on the hydrolysis of PNPG (p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside). The effect of intraparticle diffusion on the overall reaction rate was assessed by the use of an effectiveness factor, which was calculated by the approximate solution to the equation derived from the mass balance within a pellet. The experimental effectiveness factors were found to be represented as a single function of the modified Thiele modulus, including such parameters as pellet size, enzyme concentration in the pellet, and substrate concentration. As the diffusional effect became more significant, the marked substrate inhibition as seen for a five enzyme disappeared gradually. The effect of product inhibition on the pellets was much weaker than that for a free enzyme at a given substrate concentration. In the region of diffusion controlled reaction, it was found that the rate is proportional to the square root of the enzyme concentration in the pellet. In addition, similarly to what was reported previously for a free enzyme, the reaction in a batch system was found to be approximately representable as simple first-order kinetics in which the rate constant was dependent on the initial substrate concentration.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on immobilized trypsin in high concentrations of organic solvents (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trypsin was covalently immobilized on porous glass in the presence and absence of a specific substrate and reacted in various organic solvents of different dielectric constants. Optimum solvent concentration, pH profile, Km(app), Vmax(app), productivity versus temperature, activity, and reaction rates were determined. Reaction rates of six lysyl dipeptides were compared. Crystalline trypsin was dansylated for studies by nanosecond fluorescence techniques to determine the effects of introducing high concentrations of organic solvents on the molecule. The results indicated that greater reaction rates were observed with dipeptides having more acidic carboxyl terminal groups. The data also indicated that greater reaction rates were observed in higher concentrations of solvents of lower dielectric constants. Nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy of trypsin in high concentrations of a low dielectric constant solvent indicated major dehydration even though maximal enzyme-activity was achieved under these conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180109
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