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  • Aerodynamics  (11)
  • Aircraft Propulsion and Power  (10)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1950-1954  (21)
  • 1950  (21)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A literature survey was conducted to determine the relation between aircraft ignition sources and inflammables. Available literature applicable to the problem of aircraft fire hazards is analyzed and, discussed herein. Data pertaining to the effect of many variables on ignition temperatures, minimum ignition pressures, and minimum spark-ignition energies of inflammables, quenching distances of electrode configurations, and size of openings incapable of flame propagation are presented and discussed. The ignition temperatures and the limits of inflammability of gasoline in air in different test environments, and the minimum ignition pressure and the minimum size of openings for flame propagation of gasoline - air mixtures are included. Inerting of gasoline - air mixtures is discussed.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-TN-2227
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The hypersonic similarity law as derived by Tsien has been investigated by comparing the pressure distributions along bodies of revolution at zero angle of attack. In making these comparisons, particular attention was given to determining the limits of Mach number and fineness ratio for which the similarity law applies. For the purpose of this investigation, pressure distributions determined by the method of characteristics for ogive cylinders for values of Mach numbers and fineness ratios varying from 1.5 to 12 were compared. Pressures on various cones and on cone cylinders were also compared in this study. The pressure distributions presented demonstrate that the hypersonic similarity law is applicable over a wider range of values of Mach numbers and fineness ratios than might be expected from the assumptions made in the derivation. This is significant since within the range of applicability of the law a single pressure distribution exists for all similarly shaped bodies for which the ratio of free-stream Mach number to fineness ratio is constant. Charts are presented for rapid determination of pressure distributions over ogive cylinders for any combination of Mach number and fineness ratio within defined limits.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2250
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2211
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As part of a general investigation of propellers at high forward speeds, tests of two 2-blade propellers having the NACA 4-(3)(8)-03 and NACA 4-(3)(8)-45 blade designs have been made in the Langley 8-foot high-speed tunnel through a range of blade angle from 20 degrees to 60 degrees for forward Mach numbers from 0.165 to 0.725 to establish in detail the changes in propeller characteristics due to compressibility effects. These propellers differed primarily only in blade solidity, one propeller having 50 percent and more solidity than the other. Serious losses in propeller efficiency were found as the propeller tip Mach number exceeded 0.91, irrespective of forward speed or blade angle. The magnitude of the efficiency losses varied from 9 percent to 22 percent per 0.1 increase in tip Mach number above the critical value. The range of advance ratio for peak efficiency decreased markedly with increase of forward speed. The general form of the changes in thrust and power coefficients was found to be similar to the changes in airfoil lift coefficient with changes in Mach number. Efficiency losses due to compressibility effects decreased with increase of blade width. The results indicated that the high level of propeller efficiency obtained at low speeds could be maintained to forward sea-level speeds exceeding 500 miles per hour.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-TR-999
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation has been made to explore the possibilities of axial-flow compressors operating with supersonic velocities into the blade rows. Preliminary calculations showed that very high pressure ratios across a stage, together with somewhat increased mass flows, were apparently possible with compressors which decelerated air through the speed of sound in their blading. The first phase of the investigation was the development of efficient supersonic diffusers to decelerate air through the speed of sound. The present report is largely a general discussion of some of the essential aerodynamics of single-stage supersonic axial-flow compressors. As an approach to the study of supersonic compressors, three possible velocity diagrams are discussed briefly. Because of the encouraging results of this study, an experimental single-stage supersonic compressor has been constructed and tested in Freon-12. In this compressor, air decelerates through the speed of sound in the rotor blading and enters the stators at subsonic speeds. A pressure ratio of about 1.8 at an efficiency of about 80 percent has been obtained.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-TR-974 , NACA-ACR-L6D02 , NACA-AR-36
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Contents: Preliminary notes on the efficiency of propulsion systems; Part I: Propulsion systems with direct axial reaction rockets and rockets with thrust augmentation; Part II: Helicoidal reaction propulsion systems; Appendix I: Steady flow of viscous gases; Appendix II: On the theory of viscous fluids in nozzles; and Appendix III: On the thrusts augmenters, and particularly of gas augmenters
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-TM-1259
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of water injection on the over-all performance of a modified J33-A-27 turbojet-engine compressor at the design equivalent speed of 11,800 rpm. The water-air ratio by weight was 0.05. With water injection the peak pressure ratio increased 9.0 per- cent, the maximum efficiency decreased 15 percent (actual numerical difference 0.12), and. the maximum total weight flow increased 9.3 percent.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50F14
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The compressor from the XT-46 turbine-propeller engine was revised by removing the last two rows of stator blades and by eliminating the interstage leakage paths described in a previous report. With the revised compressor, the flow choking point shifted upstream into the last rotor-blade row but the maximum weight flow was not increased over that of the original compressor. The flow range of the revised compressor was reduced to about two-thirds that obtained with the original compressor. The later stages of the compressor did not produce the design static-pressure increase probably because of excessive boundary-layer build-up in this region. Measurements obtained in the ninth-stage stator showed that the performance up to this station was promising but that the last three stages of the compressor were limiting the useful operating range of the preceding stages. Some modifications in flow-passage geometry and blade settings are believed to be necessary, however, before any major improvements in over-all compressor performance can be obtained.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50J10
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The power plant from a Mark 25 aerial torpedo was investigated both as a two-stage turbine and as a single-stage modified turbine to determine the effect on overall performance of nozzle size and shape, first-stage rotor-blade configuration, and axial nozzle-rotor running clearance. Performance was evaluated in terms of brake, rotor, and blade efficiencies. All the performance data were obtained for inlet total to outlet static pressure ratios of 8, 15 (design), and 20 with inlet conditions maintained constant at 95 pounds per square inch gage and 1000 F for rotor speeds from approximately 6000 to 18,000 rpm.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50D12
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A flight test was made a t high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds and at high Reynolds numbers to determine the zero-lift drag of a 1/14-scale model of the Northrop MX-775B pilotless aircraft with small small body. The triangular wing of the model had 67.5 deg leading-edge sweep and 15 deg. trailing-edge sweep, The wing airfoil sections were modified NACA 0004 sections. The drag coefficient based on total wing area was 0.0107 at Mach number 1.60. At transonic speeds the maximum drag coefficient was 0.0125. The force-break Mach number was 0,98.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL50H18
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Force tests on a proposed body shape of the Hermes A-2 missile with and without longitudinal spoilers were made at Mach number 4.04. Values of normal force coefficient, pitching-moment coefficient, and center-of-pressure position were obtained.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL50H23A
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Performance data obtained with recording oscillographs are presented to show the transient response of the General Electric Integrated Electronic Control operating on the J47 RXl-3 turbo-Jet engine over a range of altitudes from 10,000 to 45,000 feet and at ram pressure ratios of 1.03 and 1.4. These data represent the performance of the final control configuration developed after an investigation of the engine transient behavior in the NACA altitude wind tunnel. Oscillograph traces of controlled accelerations (throttle bursts),oontrolled decelerations (throttle chops), and controlled altitude starts are presented.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50G12
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation of the spin and recovery characteristics of a 1/24-scale model of the Grumman AF-2S, -2W airplane was conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel. The effects of controls on the erect and inverted spin and recovery characteristics for a range of possible loadings of the.airplane were determined. The effect of a revised-tail installation (small dual fins added to the stabilizer of the original tail and the vertical-tail height of the original tail increased) and the effect of various ventral-fin and antispin-fillet installations were determined. The investigation also included spin-recovery parachute tests.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL51B20
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation has been made in the Langley 9- by 12-inch super-sonic blowdown tunnel at Mach numbers of 1.62 and 1.96 of a partial-span body with one tail surface, designed for use on the Hughes Falcon (MX-904) missile. The present paper extends the work reported in NACA-RM-SL50E10. Force and moment data including elevator hinge moment were obtained for the conditions of the tail in the presence of a small segment of the fore-shortened body, in the presence of a semi-span body and attached to a semi-span body, and for the condition of the foreshortened semi-span body alone.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL50G13
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A modified J33-A-27 compressor was operated over a range of equivalent impeller speeds from 6100 to 13,250 rpm in order to obtain the over-all compressor performance. At the equivalent design speed of 11,800 rpm, the maximum efficiency of 0.764 and peak pressure ratio of 4.56 occurred at an equivalent weight flow of 104.07 pounds per second. At the highest equivalent speed (13,250 rpm) a maximum efficiency of 0.711, a maximum equivalent weight flow of 123.00 pounds per second, and a peak pressure ratio of 5.76 were obtained.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50D25
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel on a 1/30 - scale model of the Grumman XFlOF-1 airplane to determine its spin and recovery characteristics. The investigation included erect and inverted spins for both the straight-wing and swept-wing configurations. Tests to determine the optimum size spin-recovery parachutes and the rudder forces required for recovery were also made. The results indicated that in the straight-wing configuration, satisfactory recoveries of the airplane will be obtained from erect and inverted spins by rudder reversal alone. In the swept-wing configuration recoveries will be unsatisfactory from erect spins. Unsweeping the wings during the spin and reversal of the rudder, however, will lead to eventual recovery. The test results also indicated that, if existing small ailerons are made deflectable through large angles, satisfactory recoveries will be obtained from erect spins in the swept-wing configuration by simultaneous movement of the rudder to against the spin and movement of the ailerons to with the spin. Normal-size ailerons deflected through a normal range would also be effective. Satisfactory recoveries by rudder reversal will be obtained from inverted spins in the swept-wing configuration. In the straight-wing configuration a 14.2-foot tail parachute or a 5.0-foot wing-tip parachute opened on the outer wing tip will effect satisfactory recovery of the airplane by parachute action alone; a 30.0-foot tail parachute or a 10.0-foot wing-tip parachute will be required for the swept-wing configuration. The forces required to fully reverse the rudder should be within the capabilities of the pilot.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL50L14
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Dynamic--response measurements for various conditions of displacement and rate signal input, sensitivity setting, and simulated hinge moment were made of the three control-surface servo systems of an NAES-equipped remote-controlled airplane while on the ground. The basic components of the servo systems are those of the General Electric Company type G-1 autopilot using electrical signal. sources, solenoid-operated valves, and hydraulic pistons. The test procedures and difficulties are discussed, Both frequency and transient-response data, are presented and comparisons are made. The constants describing the servo system, the undamped natural frequency, and the damping ratio, are determined by several methods. The response of the system with the addition of airframe rate signal is calculated. The transfer function of the elevator surface, linkage, and cable system is obtained. The agreement between various methods of measurement and calculation is considered very good. The data are complete enough and in such form that they may be used directly with the frequency-response data of an airplane to predict the stability of the autopilot-airplane combination.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA50J05
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The behavior of the Westinghouse electronic power regulator operating on a J34-WE-32 turbojet engine was investigated in the NACA Lewis altitude wind tunnel at the request of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Department of the Navy. The object of the program was to determine the, steady-state stability and transient characteristics of the engine under control at various altitudes and ram pressure ratios, without afterburning. Recordings of the response of the following parameters to step changes in power lever position throughout the available operating range of the engine were obtained; ram pressure ratio, compressor-discharge pressure, exhaust-nozzle area, engine speed, turbine-outlet temperature, fuel-valve position, jet thrust, air flow, turbine-discharge pressure, fuel flow, throttle position, and boost-pump pressure. Representative preliminary data showing the actual time response of these variables are presented. These data are presented in the form of reproductions of oscillographic traces.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50J11
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A rocket-propelled model of the Mx-656 configuration has been flown through the Mach number range from 0.65 to 1.25. An analysis of the response of the model to rapid deflections of the horizontal tail gave information on the lift, drag, longitudinal stability and control, and longitudinal-trim change. The lift-coefficient range covered by the test was from -0.2 to 0,3 throughout most of the Mach number range, The model was statically and dynamically stable throughout the lift-coefficient and Mach number range of the test. At subsonic speeds the aerodynamic center moved f o m r d with increasing lift coefficient. The most forward position of the aerodynamic center was about 12,5 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord at a small positive lift coefficient and at a Mach number of about 0.84. A t supersonic speeds the aerodynamic center was well aft, varying from 33 to 39 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord at Mach numbers of 1.0 and 1.25, respectively. Transonic-trim change, as measured by the change in trim lift coefficient with Mach number at a constant t a i l setting, was of small magnitude (about 0.1 lift coefficient for zero tail setting). The zero-lift/drag coefficient increased about 0.042 in the region between a Mach number of 0.9 and 1.1
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL50J03
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: After conclusion of the spin investigation of the model Me 210 with elongated fuselage and central vertical tail surfaces (model condition III; reference 3), tests were performed on the same model with a vee tail (model condition IV). Here the entire tail surfaces consist of only one surface with pronounced dihedral. Since the blanketing of the vertical tail surfaces by the horizontal tail surfaces, which may occur in case of standard tail surfaces, does not occur here, one could expect for this type of tail surface favorable spin characteristics, particularly with respect to rudder effectiveness for spin recovery. However, the test results did not confirm these expectations. The steady spin was shown to be very irregular; regarding rudder effectiveness the vee tail surfaces proved to be inferior even to standard tail surfaces, thus they represent the most unfavorable of the four fuselage and tail-surface combinations investigated so far.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1222 , Zentrale fuer Wissenschaftliches Berichtswesen der Luftfahrtforschung des Generalluftzeugmeisters (ZWB) Untersuchungen und Mitteilungen; Rept-1288
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation is being conducted to determine the performance of the 12-stage axial-flow compressor of the XT-46 turbine-propeller engine. This compressor was designed to produce a pressure ratio of 9 at an adiabatic efficiency of 0.86. The design pressure ratios per stage were considerably greater than any employed in current aircraft gas-turbine engines using this type of compressor. The compressor performance was evaluated at two stations. The station near the entrance section of the combustors indicated a peak pressure ratio of 6.3 at an adiabatic efficiency of 0.63 for a corrected weight flow of 23.1 pounds per second. The other, located one blade-chord downstream of the last stator row, indicated a peak pressure ratio of 6.97 at an adiabatic efficiency of 0.81 for a corrected weight flow of 30.4 pounds per second. The difference in performance obtained at the two stations is attributed to shock waves in the vicinity of the last stator row. These shock waves and the accompanying flow choking, together with interstage circulatory flows, shift the compressor operating curves into the region where surge would normally occur. The inability of the compressor to meet design pressure ratio is probably due to boundary-layer buildup in the last stages, which cause axial velocities greater than design values that, in turn, adversely affect the angles of attack and turning angles in these blade rows.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE50E22
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