ALBERT

Description: 1. This paper deals with a pollenanalytical investigation of holocenic peat-layers in Central Friesland. 2. One diagram shows a praeboreal spectrum with Betula in the dominant position, the first appearance of thermophilous trees (Corylus, Alnus) and a high percentage of Gramineous and Cyperaceous pollen. 3. Originally in all diagrams the percentages of Ericaceous pollen are low. 4. During the boreal time the peat formation was of little importance. A maximum of Corylus pollen in the boreal period has not been found here. 5. In the Atlanticum a thick layer of peat has been formed; the percentage of Alnus pollen remains high, the Quercetum-mixtum fluctuates between 10 and 25 per cent and there is also much Corylus pollen. 6. Two narrow clay-bands are present in the peat. They contain many pollen grains of halophytic plants, which indicates that there must have been two marine transgressions in the Atlanticum. These transgressions will have reached their farthest point in this region. 7. In the upper atlantic and subboreal peat-layers there are many fragments of Ericaceae and also a high percentage of Ericaceous pollen. 8. The Young Sphagnum peat consists of Sphagnum species of the Cymbifolia section. The presence of Fagus pollen never reaches a level of 10 per cent. 9. During the subatlantic transgression the Young Sphagnum peat has locally been washed away and was replaced by clay with many Phragmites rests. The author wishes to express his thanks to \xe2\x80\x9cIt Fryske Gea\xe2\x80\x9d, the Frisian association for the protection of nature, president Mr. M. WIEGERSMA, Drachten, for the permission to take samples at \xe2\x80\x9cHet Princehof\xe2\x80\x9d and for the assistance to this work. He is also highly indebted to Dr. F. P. JONKER for his assistance and interest during the investigation and to Prof. Dr. C. E. B. BREMEKAMP for correcting the English text.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThe Lake of Maracaibo, situated in the northwestern part of the Venezuelan Republic, occupies the centre of a large topographical and structural depression between the Colombian Andes on the west and the northeast trending Venezuelan Andes on the south and east. It is a flask-shaped body of water, measuring about 200 kilometers from north to south and its width varies from about 100 kilometers in the south to less than 10 kilometers between the City of Maracaibo and the village of Altagracia. Though it has an open connection with the Caribbean sea through the Gulf of Venezuela, the water of the Lake is almost fresh on account of the many rivers emptying into it from the mountains to the south, west and east.\nNorth from Maracaibo, however, where the Lake empties into a small bay, called the Bay of Tablazo, the water changes gradually from slightly brackish to more saline. The water in this part of the Lake is extremely shallow because of filling in with sediments and only one deep and narrow channel running between the Peninsula of San Carlos and the Isle of Zapara allows medium sized ships to reach the City of Maracaibo.\nHedberg (1934) investigated the occurrence of recent foraminifera in the lake waters and recognized a number of brackish and shallow water species. He points out that the salinity of the water of the Maracaibo Strait and the Bay of Tablazo is variable, because especially during the rainy season a considerable quantity of fresh water finds its way into the Gulf of Venezuela through the Maracaibo Strait. On the other hand, semidiurnal tides may affect the salinity of the northern part of the Strait to some extent. Analyses of the lake water from Maracaibo and vicinity, however,

Description: The numbers (St. ...) quoted in the present systematic part, are the registration numbers of specimens in the Geological Museum at Leiden.\nThe molluscan collection from Poeloe Boenjoe comprises the numbers St. 41757\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9961 (inclusive), \xe2\x80\x9963\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9970, \xe2\x80\x9973\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9997, \xe2\x80\x9999\xe2\x80\x9441802, \xe2\x80\x9904\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9909; Tarakan: St. 41742\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9950, \xe2\x80\x9998. Other organisms: Boenjoe: St. 41762, \xe2\x80\x9971, \xe2\x80\x9972, \xe2\x80\x9995, 41803; Tarakan: St. 41751, \xe2\x80\x9952, \xe2\x80\x9953, \xe2\x80\x9954, \xe2\x80\x9955.

Description: La r\xc3\xa9gion que j\xe2\x80\x99ai \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9e et relev\xc3\xa9e est situ\xc3\xa9e dans les Alpes fran\xc3\xa7aises, \xc3\xa0 environ 4\xc2\xb0 longitude est et 50\xc2\xb015\xe2\x80\x99 latitude nord, et \xc3\xa0 environ 2000 m\xc3\xa8tres d\xe2\x80\x99altitude. Elle fait partie de la cha\xc3\xaene dite \xe2\x80\x9echa\xc3\xaene de Belledonne\xe2\x80\x9d qui s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend des massifs de Beaufort et du Grand Mont dans le N N E jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 ceux du Taillefer et de la Mure dans le S S W. Cette cha\xc3\xaene forme du point de vue g\xc3\xa9ographique comme du point de vue g\xc3\xa9ologique le prolongement m\xc3\xa9ridional de la cha\xc3\xaene des Aiguilles Rouges et de la cha\xc3\xaene du Mont Blanc. Celles-ci font partie de la zone externe des massifs cristallins des Alpes, dont le prolongement en Suisse est connu sous le nom de \xe2\x80\x9emassifs centraux des Alpes\xe2\x80\x9d. On entend par l\xc3\xa0 les cha\xc3\xaenes ant\xc3\xa9-alpines, et principalement hercyniennes des Alpes, constitu\xc3\xa9es de roches du Houiller d\xe2\x80\x99une part, de formations ant\xc3\xa9rieures d\xe2\x80\x99autre part, et recouvertes enfin de s\xc3\xa9ries d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa2ges m\xc3\xa9sozo\xc3\xafque et permien. Dans le sud, cette cha\xc3\xaene hercynienne se divise de nouveau en deux branches, dont la plus orientale, celle des Grandes Rousses, aboutit \xc3\xa0 la partie d\xc3\xa9vers\xc3\xa9e vers l\xe2\x80\x99est, dans le massif du Pelvoux. Taillefer et la Mure forment le pivot le plus avanc\xc3\xa9 de cet arc, et en effet ce dernier massif dispara\xc3\xaet partiellement vers le S W sous le manteau s\xc3\xa9dimentaire du D\xc3\xa9voluy (cf. fig. 1). Le massif de Belledonne proprement dit, avec son point culminant: le Grand Pic de Belledonne, qui atteint \xc3\xa0 quelques m\xc3\xa8tres pr\xc3\xa8s les 3000, forme le tron\xc3\xa7on central de cette cha\xc3\xaene et se trouve \xc3\xa0 quelques kilom\xc3\xa8tres \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est de Grenoble dans le d\xc3\xa9partement de l\xe2\x80\x99Is\xc3\xa8re. Il est limit\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99ouest par l\xe2\x80\x99Is\xc3\xa8re et le Drac; au sud par la Romanche; \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est par l\xe2\x80\x99Eau d\xe2\x80\x99Olle et au nord par la vall\xc3\xa9e de Laval et le Col de la Coche.\nLes Lacs Robert sont \xc3\xa0 peu pr\xc3\xa8s situ\xc3\xa9s au centre du Massif de Belledonne, dans un cirque encoch\xc3\xa9 dans le ralliement m\xc3\xa9ridional de la cha\xc3\xaene occidentale \xc3\xa0 la cha\xc3\xaene principale du massif. Cette cha\xc3\xaene principale, comprise entre le Jasse Bralart au N et le Petit Vent au S, limite la r\xc3\xa9gion lev\xc3\xa9e \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est, tandis que la Botte et le lac Achard la limitent au sud. A l\xe2\x80\x99ouest elle s\xe2\x80\x99arr\xc3\xaate au pied de la Croix de Chamrousse, le pivot m\xc3\xa9ridional, et du Grand Eulier, le contrefort septentrional de la cha\xc3\xaene secondaire; et au nord audessus de la Prairie de l\xe2\x80\x99Oursi\xc3\xa8re. Cette r\xc3\xa9gion a une largeur de 3 km et une longueur de 4 km environ. Le Grand Sorbier dans la cha\xc3\xaene principale, avec ses 2522 m. en est le point culminant. L\xe2\x80\x99impraticabilit\xc3\xa9 du terrain fixa des fronti\xc3\xa8res plus ou moins naturelles au lever. En particulier le flanc E de la cha\xc3\xaene principale, qui domine la vall\xc3\xa9e de Baton, \xc3\xa0 part quelques sentiers, n\xe2\x80\x99est pas accessible sans danger, \xc3\xa0 cause du mauvais \xc3\xa9tat de la roche schisteuse. Il en est de m\xc3\xaame pour la pente occidentale du Grand Eulier et du Casserousse, tandis que le flanc m\xc3\xa9ridional du Petit Vent et de la Botte est un des versants de la gorge profonde de 2000 m. o\xc3\xb9 coule la Romanche. C\xe2\x80\x99est \xc3\xa0 cela qu\xe2\x80\x99est d\xc3\xbb le nombre restreint d\xe2\x80\x99observations faites sur quelques parties de la p\xc3\xa9riph\xc3\xa9rie.

Description: 1) In the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie\xe2\x80\x9d, Leyden, there is a small collection of Lower Tertiary mollusca from S.W. Celebes which allows of comparison with Abendanon\'s Celebes fossils described by Dollfus and kept in the \xe2\x80\x9cInstituut voor Mijnbouwkunde\xe2\x80\x9d, Delft.\nThe present note deals especially with Turritella krooni Dollfus (S.W. Central Celebes; said to be of Cretaceous age), a new subspecies T. krooni batuku\xc3\xabnsis (S.W. Celebes; Eocene), and the new T. krooni kalosiensis, formerly described as T. cf. angulata Sowerby and T. cf. assimilis Sowerby (S.W. Central Celebes; probably of Upper Eocene age, formerly considered to be of Oligocene age).

Description: The genus Celebochoerus was based by me (Hooijer, 1948) on two fragments of upper canines of rather large size, different from their homologues in Sus celebensis M\xc3\xbcller and Babyrousa babyrussa (L.), the two living species of Suidae of Celebes. The specimens originate from Pleistocene deposits at Desa Beru, Tjabenge (Sopeng district), about 100 km N.E. of Macassar, S. Celebes, and were collected by Mr. H. R. van Heekeren, prehistorian to the Archaeological Survey at Macassar.\nIn the meantime I have received more specimens of upper canines, collected by Mr. Van Heekeren at Desa Beru and also at Sompoh, 12 km N. of Beru. These specimens, like those first described, are surface finds and consequently more or less water-worn. They show a great deal of variation in size as well as in the shape of their cross-section. As time fails now to give a description of all the fragments, I shall describe the best specimens first.\nThe largest specimen is the greater part of a right upper C, 11 cm in length. It originates from Sompoh. At the proximal end (pl. I fig. 3, to the right) the apex of the pulp cavity is shown. The tooth is slightly curved upward and backward and tapers distally. The cross-section is similar to that in the first described specimens (Hooijer, 1948, fig. 1 a, b): the anterior surface is at right angles to the upper and both surfaces possess a shallow longitudinal groove. The posterior upper and lower angles are gradually rounded off, and there is a sharp groove in the lower half posteriorly. The greatest diameters are ca. 42 mm horizontally and ca. 39 mm vertically.\nThe present canine is covered on all sides by a thick whitish layer also

Description: GENERAL CHARACTER\nNatrix vittata, the striped swimmer, is a harmless little snake, about half a meter long and as thin as a little finger, living in Java on coastal plains and in the hills up to 1200 m above see level. In a given area she will be very common but in adjacent regions, which to us may present exactly the same character of humidity, altitude, temperature, vegetation, etc., there will be only very occasionally a Natrix vittata among the catch (de Haas, 1941a).\nEven in the field she is easily recognisable, as she will lift her head high enough to show the curious design of her ventral shields. If there is an opportunity for examining the snake more closely, the twin small white spots on the head shields will identify her. The colour of the body is light bronze with a dark stripe on the spine and two stripes running on the sides.\nAlthough she moves gracefully and swims very well, she is easily caught but even then never tries to bite. There is some wriggling of the body in the hand and around the wrist but the head is erect and projected as far forward as possible swinging right and left in the attempt of seeking a way to escape. There is really only one disagreable feature about this natrix: when caught and especially when afraid or when too roughly gripped, she will open the cloaca and discharge the contents with a characteristic, most persistent and very unenjoyable odour. She is easy to maintain in captivity and unlike many other snakes, will take food readily. Once I saw three of these natrices in a cage, each gripping a part of the same small frog. Her inquisitiveness in the search for food makes her run big risks and her agility is only partly compensation for the lack of strong powers. This is well

Description: There has been considerable confusion over the name Verbesina pseudoacmella and V. acmella published by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum (1753, p. 901). He applied these names to definitions taken from his earlier work, Flora Zeylanica (1748, p. 144, 145, nos. 308 and 309), with only one unimportant alteration. The title page of the Flora Zeylanica shows that the book is intended as an account of Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s plants, and this is confirmed for the two species concerned by the close agreement between the descriptions published and the specimens in Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s Herbarium preserved in the Department of Botany of the British Museum. These two Linnean species must, therefore, be interpreted by reference to Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s specimens, regardless of the fact that figures cited by Linnaeus in the synonymy of each species (viz. Seba, Thesaur. 1, t. 10, 11; Plukenet, Alm. t. 159, f. 4) are of the plant which generally has been known as Spilanthes acmella.\nIn 1888, Trimen published notes on Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s Herbarium (Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) vol. 24, p. 129); he identified the specimens representing these two species as follows: No. 308, Verbesina pseudo-acmella, as possibly a young specimen of Wedelia biflora DC.; and No. 309, Verbesina acmella, as Blainvillea latifolia DC. A drawing included in the herbarium he identified as \xe2\x80\x9cSpilanthes acmella\xe2\x80\x9d. As this drawing was not mentioned by Linnaeus, it must not be considered when interpreting the species. In his revision of the genus Spilanthes, A. H. Moore (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 42, 1907, p. 521) rejected the name Verbesina pseudoacmella L. as referring to a mixture of genera, but retained \xe2\x80\x9cVerbesina acmella L.\xe2\x80\x9d as the basis of a species of Spilanthes.

Description: For this study which was suggested to me and promoted by Dr R. A. Maas Geesteranus I had at my disposal the material of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d at Leiden, the herbaria of the Universities at Amsterdam, Groningen and Utrecht, and those of the \xe2\x80\x9cKoninklijke Nederlandse Botanische Vereniging\xe2\x80\x9d and the \xe2\x80\x9cNatuurhistorisch Museum\xe2\x80\x9d, Maastricht. I wish to express my thanks to the directors of these institutions for putting the material at my disposal, and above all to the staff of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d, who gave me a great deal of valuable help, especially Dr Josephine Th. Koster, Dr Maas Geesteranus and Dr S. J. van Ooststroom. I am indebted to Dr H. C. D. de Wit for the solution of some intricate nomenclatural questions, to H. J. T. Tammel for drawing the figures.\nThanks to the presence of the herbarium of Persoon in the \xe2\x80\x9cRjjksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d at Leiden, I was able to arrive at a better interpretation of a number of species described by him. This was especially important for the reason, that Persoon\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cSynopsis Fungorum\xe2\x80\x9d of 1801 is the \xe2\x80\x9cstartingpoint\xe2\x80\x9d of nomenclature in the Gasteromycetes.

Description: The present paper deals with a small collection of Neogene fossils which has been made by the geologist Dr. M. Schmidt in the Sangkoelirang area 1), East Borneo. The locality is defined in Gerth\xe2\x80\x99s (1923) and Krijnen\xe2\x80\x99s papers (1931, loc. no. 175, p. 535).\nIt must be stated here that this locality has been mentioned incorrectly in literature, viz., as \xe2\x80\x9cHill near Sekoerau\xe2\x80\x9d instead of \xe2\x80\x9cCoral limestone, Hill near Sekoerau\xe2\x80\x9d. Dr. Schmidt\xe2\x80\x99s collection, which was sold to the Leyden Geological Museum in 1920 \xe2\x80\x94 about twenty years after being made \xe2\x80\x94 contains two different faunas from Sekoerau: vide infra.