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  • Articles  (34)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (34)
  • 1985-1989  (34)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1988  (34)
  • 1950
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (34)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • 1985-1989  (34)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Rapid Method for Determination of Changes in Shape of Comminuted Particles Using a Laser Diffractometer (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The size distributions of carefully screened √2 size fractions of ground materials were determined using a Microtrac laser diffractometer. The size distributions were fitted to the empirical function P(x) = 1/[1 + (x50/x)λ] where P(x) is cumulative mass fraction less than Microtrac size, x. The standard deviation of λ for a 50 second test time was approximately 0.5, so that seventeen test times give a mean with an estimated error within ± 0.25 (95% confidence level). Values of λ were 5.44, 4.82, 4.40 for a coal ground under different conditions, indicating statistically different shape distributions; the average value for mica was 2.91 owing to the high aspect ratio of the particles. The ratio of x50 to the geometric mean sieve size was 1.2 for the coal and 0.70 for mica.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forward Scattering Signature of a Spherical Particle Crossing a Laser Beam out of the Beam WaistPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a particle crosses a laser beam out of the focal plane, the light attenuation signal occuring on the beam axis contains some information regarding the particle size and trajectory.These attenuation signatures are analysed and predicted with a simplified model based on Fraunhofer diffraction. Numerical and experimental results are found to be in good agreement.A modified laser Doppler velocimeter using this sizing method is able to perform simulataneous measurement of size and velocity of spherical particle in the range 10 μm-500 μm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Resolution of Size Distributions with the Coulter Counter (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The limiting resolution of Coulter size measurements, the size within which two separate populations can be distinguished, is discussed in relation to the standard aperture.Electronic pulse editing, by comparing pulse height to width, enables small particles to be resolved from baseline instrument noise, but can give incomplete resolution of ultra-narrow distributions from artefactually produced peaks using the standard aperture. Improvements in the minimum measurable size and in sizing resolution of narrow size ranges are also shown to be possible by improving the signal quality from the Coulter aperture.A novel mathematical approach is described for the derivation of true size spectra for narrow particle size distributions by deconvolution of the composite spectra resulting from the effect of the inhomogeneous electric field in the Coulter aperture. Simple empirical equations are used derived from the location and amplitude of the spurious peaks observed in such composites relative to the genuine peaks.The method is applied to three “industrial” materials (wide size range samples) to determine the likelihood that such size ranges are affected by the spurious or artefactual peaks. A fresh blood sample deconvoluted by this method is shown to be apparently composed of more than one population of cells.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of Multiple Scattering Effects in Fraunhofer Diffraction Particle Size AnalysisPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model for the direct problem of calculating the forward scattering signature of a multiple scattering medium is presented. The new formulation is optimized for integration into schemes for reconstructing the particle size distribution from laser diffraction (forward scattering) signatures obtained from optically thick media. The analysis is valid for media where the particle sizes and interparticle spacings are large (relative to the wavelength and the particle size, respectively) such that Fraunhofer diffraction theory adequately describes the properties of the forward scattered light from individual scattering events. The simulated performance of laser diffraction particle sizing instruments was then studied using predictions of the scattered light signatures which would be measured by laser diffraction instrument under multiple scattering conditions. The results were compared with experimental data and theoretical calculations based on other models.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    A Theoretical Interpretation of Meloy's Law of Morphological Coefficients (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 85-86 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This note deals with the Fourier representation of particle shape. A frequency distribution pn, n = 1,2, …, expressing the contribution of the different harmonics to the dispersion of the position vector is defined. The Meloy law of morphological coefficients may be derived by optimizing the value of the informational entropy which is attached to pn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Announcements (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Visible Infra-red Double Extinction Measurements in Densely Laden Media, New ProgressPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes new progress obtained with an optical technique called V.I.D.E. (Visible Infra-red Double Extinction) which simultaneously measures mean particle size in the range of 10-120 μm and mean number density in densely laden media (up to 0.1% volume fraction). The underlying theory, taking account of multiple light scattering, is recalled. Simultaneous size and concentration measurements are obtained by simultaneously recording transmittances of the medium at two well chosen wavelengths. Experimental results for suspensions of glass particles in air, are described and discussed. The size of particles given by the technique agrees with that given by optical microscopy and Malvern diffractometry. The V.I.D.E. technique is shown to be very suitable to investigate dense media whose optical thickness is up to nine and for which other techniques fail.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050201
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  • 8
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    Analysis of the Inorganic Constituents of Particles on a Particle-by-Particle Basis using a Computerized SEM-EDS System (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper is based on the development of the Moza-Austin technique for characterizing thousands of coal particles by approximate analysis of the major inorganic constituents Ca, Al, Si, K, Na, Fe and S in each particle. The technique has sufficient sensitivity to work on small volumes, is fast enough to handle large number of particles within a reasonable period of time, and consists of scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). A computerized SEM-EDS system that allows the automated analysis of hundreds of particles per hour is described. The analysis is based on the location and tracing of exposed areas of particles embedded in a polished specimen, the selection of sampling points on the traced sections, the collection of an x-ray spectrum from each sampled point for a defined period of time, and the processing of the x-ray intensity to calculate point composition using ZAF corrections. Procedures for correcting for dead time, spectrum background, x-ray detector efficiency and spectrum overlap are described. Problems and future work are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050205
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  • 9
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    Announcements (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 100-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050209
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  • 10
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    Optimal Filtering Applied to the Inversion of the Laplace TransformPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Inversion of the Laplace transform, used in the laser scattering measurement of colloidal particle size distributions, presents severe numerical difficulties. In the presence of noise the variance of the inversion integral is infinite, indicating maximum uncertainty in the inversion. This paper applies the method of minimum variance, or “optimal”, filtering to the eigenfunction spectrum of the Laplace transform, giving an inversion which has finite variance.Spectral decomposition using the eigenfunctions of the Laplace transform gives a representation of the noise and desired signals analogous to the Fourier spectrum used in linear system theory. It is possible to obtain a filtered estimate of the unknown linewidth distribution. The requirement that the variance of this filtered estimate is minimum leads to a Wiener-Hopf integral equation defining the optimal filter.The results of this paper provide a basis of comparison of all methods of inversion of the Laplace transform, including the extensive literature of colloidal particle sizing by laser scattering or photon correlation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050302
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Determination of the Adhesivity on Acrylics of Fresh Coal Fly Ash Particles (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 130-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adhesivity of fresh coal fly ashes from two Australian power stations on Dralon-T monofilaments has been experimentally analysed. It was found that one of the dusts was more adhesive to the fiber and its particles were also more strongly electrostatically charged. These obervations explain the reported large differences in the pressure loss across the fabric filters at the two stations. By precharging the particles, the technique can also be utilized in determining the adhesivity of fly ashes which carry relatively small natural electrostatic charging.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050305
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Phase-Doppler-Anemometry and the Log-Hyperbolic Distribution applied to Liquid Sprays (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper provides a description of the local drop-size distributions in a liquid spray issuing from a 60° oil-burner nozzle obtained experimentally using a phase-doppler anemometer. The details of the optical system and the signal processing electronics of the phase-Doppler anemometer are included.Details have also been given concerning the use of the log-hyperbolic distribution and in particular of a procedure for determining the four defining parameters from a given experimental distribution, in this case that of drop size. Analytical formulae to compute moments of the distribution and the mean diameters are also given.All size distributions are shown to be well described by the log-hyperbolic distribution involving four parameters. The variation of these parameters along the axis of the jet clearly reveals a developing region of the spray followed by a fully developed state, for which physical reasons are given. The parameters can also be used to predict the local drop-size distribution at any intermediate location on the spray axis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050401
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Regeneration of Form by Fourier Technique and its Application in Powder Characterization (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conventional shape parameters have serious limitations because of their inability to capture finer surface morphology as well as to regenerate the particle form. This problem has been successfully circumvented by applying Fourier analysis technique to the projected image of the particle profile to obtain Fourier coefficients which have been shown to be size inveriant and insensitive to starting point for digitization. Synthesis technique to regenerate the particle profile from Fourier coefficients has revealed that gradual addition of higher order harmonics brings the regenerated form very close to its original counterpart. The regeneration of the form of particles of different shapes as well as application of few strategy to harmonic amplitudes have amply demonstrated the capability of the technique as a potential tool for characterization of powders.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050405
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  • 14
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    Interaction between a Sphere and a Gaussian Beam: Computations on a micro-computer (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents some characteristics of the light scattered by one spherical particle illuminated by a Gaussian beam. The basic theory is a generalization of the Lorenz-Mie Theory. The fact that the computations can be easily carried out on a micro-computer is pointed out.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050301
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  • 15
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    Aerosol Generation Method for Measuring Particles Suspended in Water - Detection of Particulate Impurities in Ultrapure Water and Sizing of Fine Powders - (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 139-143 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method described is based on the fact that the measurement of particles in the gaseous phase is generally easier than that in the liquid phase for fine particles smaller than 1 μm in diameter. The system consists of a liquid nebulizing unit, evaporator, condenser, mixing diluter and two different aerosol sizing instruments. It has been found that this method can continuously detect particulate impurities in ultrapure water in situ and can measure the size distribution of fine powders in the submicron particle size range down to about 0.05 μm.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050306
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  • 16
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    Variations in, and Relationships of Surface Area, internal angle of friction and compact diametral fracture strength with degree of compaction (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 186-192 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The progress of the compaction process to produce from an assembly of particles a coherent mass can be achieved by the application of shear and normal stress. The achievement of a densified coherent mass necessitates, together with the yielding of material, the movement of particles over and between each other. In uniaxial compaction the angle of internal friction, δE, is a projection of the unique critical state line which divides a three dimensional relationship between volume change (V), shear stress (φ) and normal stress (σ) into yield domains and surfaces. There is one region for failure and flow (the Hvorslev surface) and another region for failure and consolidation (the Roscoe surface).In this paper the concepts of the Roscoe and Hvorslev surfaces together with the Coulomb yield criterion have been applied to the uniaxial compaction, over a range of compactable stresses, of titanium dioxide (20-2000 kPa). The characteristics of applied and shear stress, angle of internal friction (δE), angle of shearing resistance (φ) and surface area (SBET) were measured and correlated with the compaction stress (σc) and diametral strength (σf) of the compacts to investigate the phenomena of uniaxial compaction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050406
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  • 17
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    Determination of Particle Size Distribution Parameters using a Laser-Scattered Light Spectrometer (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 165-169 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method based on the measurement of scattered light intensity distributions is demonstrated to be able to determine directly the particle size of monodisperse supermicron-size particles. In all other cases of a particle cloud, information about the size distribution can be acquired from comparison of measured and calculated intensities as a function of scattering angle. This indirect method is only applicable if the assumptions made in the theory used for comparison are fulfilled. Therefore, the method is limited to spherical particles with known refractive index. The type of size distribution also has to be known. In the cases considered a log-normal size distribution was assumed. The uncertainty of the result increases with increase in the number of parameters that have to be determined. The method seems to be limited to unimodal distributions described with two parameters.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050402
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  • 18
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    Announcement (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 193-193 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050407
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  • 19
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    Scattering of a Gaussian Beam by a Sphere Using a Bromwich Formulation: Case of an arbitrary locationPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 1-8 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A complete theory of Gaussian beam scattering by a sphere is exposed. It is a generalization of the Lorenz-Mie Theory to the case of Gaussian beam illumination. The spherical, isotropic and homogeneous scatterer may be located anywhere with respect to the beam. The Bromwich Scalar Potentials are used to solve the scattering problem and expressions are obtained for the scattered field (both in the near field and far field regions), the scattered intensities and the phase angle. In the limit of special cases the expressions agree with previous works restricted to more particular problems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050102
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  • 20
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    Demonstrating the Sampling of Heterogeneous, free-flowing, segregating powders (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments with common powder laboratory apparatus are used to illustrate the problems of sampling a poorly mixed quantity of glass ballotini. The use of known and easily sieved mixtures permits the quantitative analysis of the results to show how bias in samples may be detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050106
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  • 21
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    Determination of Particle Size Distribution in Fluids using photon correlation spectroscopy (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 72-76 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) has been applied to various systems of particles suspended in a fluid. Computer simulations were used to analyse CONTIN, a program for the numerical inversion of the experimental data. Measurements were performed on a spectrometer equipped with a digital correlator. Various suspensions of polysterene latex spheres differing both in size and size distribution were prepared in double distilled water. Further some samples provided by an external institution without prior specification were analysed. Diffusivity measurements on submicron DES (di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate) particles in nitrogen were also performed. The results obtained demonstrate the strengths and the limitations of PCS as a method of determining particle size distributions in particle fluid systems.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050204
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  • 22
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    Investigation of Bubbly Flow by Ultrasonic Tomography (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 170-173 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Computerized tomography (CT) means reconstruction of pictures from projections taken at different angles. This method is well known in fields such as medical diagnostics and nondestructive testing. The application of CT to gas/liquid flow measurement results in a non-intrusive method for measuring the spatial distribution of the gas phase in a cross-section of the flow. In our application the projection data are obtained from measurement of the extinction along a set of ultrasonic rays in this cross-section, using piezo-ceramic ultrasonic transducers. The transducers are arranged in a circular sensor array which is directly integrated in the pipe wall of the flow; instead of mechanical rotation, the sensors are sequentially switched.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050403
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  • 23
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    Technical and Scientific Guidelines in the VDI-Manual on Air Pollution Prevention (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 50-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050110
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    Cometary Dust Sizing: Comparison between optical and in-situ sampling techniquesPresented at the International Symposium on Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice, Rouen (France), 12-15 May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 38-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We try to evaluate the level of confidence that can be placed in the optical methods available for sizing cometary dust (and, at the same time, deriving all its other characteristics). We use for this purpose the new informations provided by the in-situ sampling of Comet Halley dust. We try to determine whether data from this origin are compatible with visible and I. R. spectra of this comet acquired from the Earth, and with earlier interpretations of such spectra. We find that, as happens frequently when remote sensing and local sampling techniques data can be compared, none of these techniques can claim to be fully satisfactory. In the case of cometary dust, current estimates based on optical sizing only may be much less accurate than precedingly assumed. Improvements in the observational approaches appear needed, as well as new laboratory investigations and theoretical developments to improve the capabilities of the optical studies of cometary dust.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050108
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    The Phase-Doppler-Difference-Method, a New-Laser-Doppler Technique for Simultaneous Size and Velocity Measurements. Part 2In part 1 of this paper the phase-Doppler-method and the necessary equipment for the new diagnostic technique have been described.: Optical particle characteristics as a base for the new diagnostic technique (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simultaneous size and velocity measurements can be obtained by using photodetector positions of different off-axis-angles. But not for all of these positions one receives unambiguous results for the correlation between the phase difference and the particle diameter. This can be clearly demonstrated by the plots of the numerical calculations of the complete Mie's scattering equations. These plots show that for transparent particles which exceed the continuous phase in density at special off-axis-angles the situation of light refraction changes into a situation of additional light reflection or vice versa. On the other hand for transparent particles which are less dense compared with the continuous phase and for totally absorbing materials these plots confirm the simplified equations for reckoning the particle diameter by the laws of geometrical optics. The good agreement between these results can also be verified for the backscatter mode for measurements of metallic spheres with an imaginary refractive index.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050203
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    Application of the Straining Capture Mechanism in gaps to the measurement of particle concentration and size distribution (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 94-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper attempts to answer the question of whether a measurement of the relative flow rate of a suspension of spheres, flowing under constant pressure drop through gaps of precisely determined geometry, may be utilised to measure the concentration and size distribution of the particles. A positive answer is possible only if several restrictions are imposed on the character of the flow, a maximum ratio of sphere diameter to gap height and a maximum number of captured particles. This answer is based on a model of the filtration process taking place in the gap and the consequent relationship between the flow characteristics of the gap and the number and diameter of the captured particles.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050208
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  • 27
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    Comparison of the Size Distribution of Boron Powders as Measured by Malvern Diffractometer and Coulter Counter (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 116-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aspects of measuring the particle size distribution and median diameters of fine boron powders have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that high concentrations, typically 20 w/o, of wetting agent are necessary in a predispersion stage, especially if the material has a wide range of particle size. Measurements were made with both Coulter counting and a light scattering technique from which it has been demonstrated that for particles of median diameter in the range 10-30 μm, the latter oversizes with respect to the former by as much as 30%.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050303
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    Announcements (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 150-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050308
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  • 29
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    Size Separation of Particles from Aerosol Samples using Impactors and Cyclones (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Investigations are presented on particle separation in impactors, sampling cyclones and other precollectors. These devices are increasingly used for the characterization of particulate matter. Size selective samplers must be characterized by their grade efficiency curves. A new measuring procedure is presented, which permits the determination of the grade efficiency curves of various sampling devices. An optical particle counter and a vibrating orifice generator are used in these measurements. This calibration technique is fast and has a high resolution. Investigations were carried out on the influence of various parameters on the classification efficiency of impactors and sampling cyclones. Using the extensive data measured a better understanding and quantification of impactor and cyclone behaviour is developed which may improve their applications in particle sampling.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050207
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    The Problems of Quantifying Mineral Liberation: A review (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review is given of recent publications concerning the theory of liberation of component B from AB material as particle size is reduced, with a view to combining models of liberation with models of size reduction. Although a number of approaches are promising, it is concluded that there is no adequate model of liberation of binary systems suitable for incorporation into a mill model.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050304
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    Meeting of the GVC Subject Group “Partikelmeßtechnik” (particle characterization), würzburg, may 20 to 21, 1987 (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 144-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050307
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    Sizing of Submicron Aerosol Particles by the Whisker Particle Collector Method (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of an alumina powder aerosol were collected on whisker particle collectors and analysed following an improved evaluation scheme which allows the empirical size distribution to be corrected for the effect of a non-uniform collection efficiency. The measurement results are given in terms of log-normal distribution functions. Some ambiguity was encountered in interpreting particle aggregates that were found on the whisker collectors. By including the results of laser light-scattering experiments in the size analysis, this ambiguity was removed. Advantages and disadvantages of the whisker collector concept compared with light-scattering methods are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050404
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    Editorial (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. A5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050101
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    The Phase-Doppler-Difference-Method, a New Laser-Doppler Technique for Simultaneous Size and Velocity Measurements. Part 1: Description of the method (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 16-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the wide field of fluid mechanics and multiphase flows, particle characterization plays an important role for massmomentum- and energy-balances. Using the phase-Doppler-difference method for absolute measurements of the particle sizes and velocities from these data also predictions of the local particle fluxes and the particles' kinetic energy fluxes are possible. A description of the method will be given and the required optical and electronical equipment for these measurements and for the appropriate data presentation, will be discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050105
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