ALBERT

Beschreibung: Many countries nowadays have made strict rules (and rightly so) for collectors, partly for the protection of the flora and fauna and to thwart unscrupulous exterminators of butterflies and orchids, partly, we suspect, also as a check on industrial espionage. Obviously, administrators behind their desks have no inkling of what dedicated botanists (and zoologists) are doing in the forest. Especially when the scientists come from the so-called ’rich’ countries the civil servants ask themselves why anybody would like to exchange a nice chair in an air-conditioned office with a lot of paper work for a most uncomfortable, hard log under a leaky fly in an insect-infested, humid, scary forest. Since they themselves certainly are not going to take a look there for themselves, they suspect other motives, and until they find out what these are, scientists are under suspicion and should be kept on a leash. Sometimes the requirements border on the ridiculous, as a few instances that have come to attention show: Unicates must be left with the host institute and can only be had on loan. Well, one could live with this, although especially these collections are often the most interesting.

Beschreibung: BROEKHUIJSEN, Dr. H.O. Sent at least 11 specimens to BO, e.g. no. 11 Panicum luzonense from 7 km South of Parungpanjang, Java, collected on 28 October 1943 (’2603’). CAULFIELDS, F.M.G. Collected a Cinnamomum velutinum in Upper Perak for the Perak Museum Herbarium, now in SING.

Beschreibung: AIRY SHAW, H.K. see SHAW, H.K.A. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK f., Reinier Cornelis (Panjinangan, Java, Indonesia, 11 September 1911 – Leiden, 1 May 1987). Fl. Mal. I, 1 (1950) 32, photo; M. JACOBS, Fl. Mal. Bull. 29 (1976) 2532- 2535; C. KALKMAN, Blumea 23 (1976) 1, photo.

Beschreibung: Mssrs. L.G. SAW and K.M. WONG (KEP) collected further in the Endau-Rompin forests of Johore during April and June 1986. Ms. Dr. B.S. PARRIS (K) spent August 1986 based at FRIM collecting fern material and studying fern diversity in montane forests. Together with Mr. K.M. WONG (KEP) she visited the Cameron Highlands (G. Batu Brinchang, G. Berembas, G. Jasar), Penang, the quartzite ridges around Kuala Lumpur, G. Panti (Johore), and G. Ledang (Malacca). 134 numbers were collected, the first set for K, the second for KEP.

Beschreibung: CITES: In February 1987 Singapore finally ratified the Washington Treaty on the international trade in threatened species, exceptions have been made for the trade in crocodile products. A serious breach has now been closed that was of some impediment to the trade between Singapore and many of its partners. FAO’s Tropical Forestry Action Plan. (Unasylva 38, 1986) develops a strategy for action in five fields, among which conservation of tropical forest ecosystems. The main goals of the latter action plan are: to prevent loss or degradation of the tropical forest resource, while furthering development and the wise use of existing natural resources; to promote the sustainable use of tropical forest ecosystems, either exploited or not, for the production of timber and wood, in such a way that the genetic resources they contain are safeguarded; to encourage and facilitate the integrated management of tropical forest ecosystems so as to provide wildlife and non-wood crops with minimal disturbance of the ecosystems and associated wild genetic resources; to promote the conservation and management of samples of ecosystems as reservoirs of species diversity.

Beschreibung: Dr. M.M.J VAN BALGOOY (L) visited E and K to discuss cooperation with the Flora Malesiana Project and the Pacific Plant Areas. Ms. Dr. B.G. BRIGGS has for a short period been appointed as Acting Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney (N.S.W.), Australia.

Beschreibung: The botany of mangroves by P.B. Tomlinson has been published in the Cambridge Tropical Biology Series, Cambridge University Press. Checklist of the generic names used for Spermatophytes in Malesian botany. During their last years Dr. R.C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK f. and Dr. C.G.G.J VAN STEENIS have revised the Nomina generum Malesianorum, a most useful manual. The manuscript was nearly finished at their deaths and has now been made ready for publication by Ms. M.J. VAN STEENIS-KRUSEMAN and Ms. E.E. VAN NIEUWKOOP. We hope to have it published in 1987.

Beschreibung: Please submit your announcement to this Bulletin as early as possible! Several were received too late for interested readers to make use of. After the event please send a summary of the doings, and/or the Proceedings, if any. International Symposium on Resource availability and the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems: 5—12 June 1988. Universities of Miami, Florida, and San Jose, Costa Rica. Contact: Dr. J.M, Savage, Silver Anniversary Symposium, Dept. of Biology, University of Miami, POB 249118, Coral Gables F1 33124, U.S.A.

Beschreibung: Some additional arguments are provided for a few name changes in Russula. We conclude, contrary to Singer & Machol, that the 1821-starting point rules failed to put the nomenclature of the past into order and that the new sanctioning system will be better in this respect. Some dangers inherent in special provisions for particular taxonomic groups are mentioned. The disadvantage of a special typification status for sanctioned names is discussed.

Beschreibung: Monographic studies in Pandanaceae continue to yield previously unrecognized taxa both at specific and higher ranks. In Pandanus, with the increase of knowledge of staminate structures becoming available through better collections and more critical observations, use of staminate characters integrated with previously known data is providing important new insights into infrageneric taxa and their affinities, as well as completing the fundamental descriptions at species rank important for both systematic and ecological studies. In the results reported here two new species, Pandanus calvus and P. kosteri, and two new sections, Hastatistigma (based on P. vinaceus) and Macrokurzia (based on P. daymanensis) are proposed. Two species previously known only from pistillate materials, P. cernuifolius and P. irregularis, are clarified by description of staminate specimens, while in the case of P. copelandii, a previously unrecognized staminate feature is described. Field data for the inadequately known species P. leptocarpus are provided, and the first illustrations of the type specimen (staminate) of P. houlletii are provided. These taxa are discussed under the subgenera to which they are referred in the synopsis (Stone, 1974).

Beschreibung: Scanning electron microscope studies of the indumentum of Cissus adnata Roxb., C. assamica (Laws.) Craib and C. aristata Blume, show that the structure of the trichomes varies between taxa but is consistent within each taxon. These three species are distinct and easily recognised by the nature and distribution of these trichomes although they have been frequently confused in the literature with respect to their circumscription and synonymy. Cissus adnata, which extends from India to Australia, has both multicellular, uniseriate and unicellular 2-armed trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface, glabrous stipules and pubescent ovary; C. assamica found from India to New Guinea has unicellular, 2-armed hairs sparsely distributed, glabrous stipules and ovary; C. aristata extending from Burma to Papua New Guinea has scattered unicellular, 2-armed hairs, pubescent stipules and glabrous ovary. There are 4 text-figures.

Beschreibung: On comparing Australian collections of Jagera javanica (Blume) Kalkman with Malesian material, I was struck by some slight but constant differences in the flower. This led me to the recognition of a new subspecies, as follows: Jagera javanica (Blume) Kalkman, Blumea 7 (1953) 470 subsp. australiana Leenh., subsp. nov. Folia 9-15-jugata. Petala intus squama lata incurvata dense villosa 2 cristis grandiusculis latis glabris ornata instructa. Filamenta staminum plene dense candide villosa. – Typus: B. Gray 1455, Queensland, Cook Dist., Little Mossman, State Forest Res. 143, 16° 32' S, 145° 22' E, male fl. (BRI; iso in L, QRS).

Beschreibung: The monotypic genus Laumoniera (Simaroubaceae) and the species L. bruceadelpha are described on a collection from Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Beschreibung: Twenty-five species of the red algal family Ceramiaceae are reported from the exposed northeast coast of the Caribbean island of Curaçao. Some of the more interesting finds are discussed in some detail, and one species, Spermothamnion antillarum, is described as new to science. Twelve species are recorded from the island for the first time. A survey of all Ceramiaceae ever recorded from Curaçao yields a total of 60 species, an uncommonly high number for any Caribbean region. Explanations for this high number may be found in the large variety of habitats and the relatively intense study the marine environment has undergone on this island.

Beschreibung: The development of inflorescences and flowers of the African Oil Palm up to anthesis is illustrated by scanning electron microscopy images. The time of origin relative to the development of the foliage leaves of the basipetalous succession of flowering rachillae is determined, as well as the time of morphological sex definition. The logical stage when sex is determined is inferred to be not before the first appearance of the spikelet primordia. Female flower groups develop acropetally as triaxial cincinni, the male units as reduced ones. A developmental diagram is added.

Beschreibung: The monotypic genus Motleyia (Rubiaceae) and the species M. borneensis are described on material from NW. Borneo. It is similar to Prismatomeris, from which it differs by the morphology of stipules, leaves, flowers, fruits and pollen grains and the occurrence of colleters inside the calyx limb.

Beschreibung: Affinis C. monticoli Baillon ex Guill. sed vulgo fruticosa foliis crassis, plerumque retusis vel emarginatis, calycibus brevibus. – Frutex ad 3 m altus, raro scandens ad 7 m altus. Stipulae 1,3- 4,1 mm longae. Folia 2 ad nodos. Petiolus 3-31 mm longus. Lamina 2,3-15 cm longa, 1-7 cm lata, oblonga vel anguste oblonga vel anguste ad late obovata vel elliptica vel late elliptica, coriacea, infra pallide viridis vel glauca; basis anguste cuneata; margo plus minusve reflexa; apex obtusus vel retusus vel emarginatus vel acuminatus acumine ad 3 mm longo; nervi secundarii (4 —) 5—9 (—10); domatia absentia. Inflorescentia corymbosa vel breviter paniculata, 1-4 cm longa, nodis tumidis, (1-)5-20-flora; inflorescentiae partiales 3-7, 1-4-florae; pedicellus simplex vel raro biconnatus, (0-)0,5-9 mm longus et 0,9-1,3 mm latus (florens). Calycis tubus 0,8-1,9 mm longus et 2,4 – 3,2 mm latus, intus colleteribus numerosis; dentes ad 0,3 mm longi. Corollae tubus 3-7 mm longus et 2,2-2,9 mm latus; lobi 10-16 mm longi et 2,3-4,1 mm lati. Filamenta 3,4-8 mm longa; antherae 5-8 mm longae. Ovarium simplex. Stylus 7,5-11 mm longus; stigma 3,3-6 mm longum. Drupa 15-18 mm longa et 13-15 mm lata, globosa vel obovoidea, lutescens. – Typus: Johansson 107, New Caledonia, Pic du Pin, 400 m alt., 30 Dec. 1983 (S, holo). Usually a shrub up to 3 m, sometimes a liana up to 7 m. Stipules 1.3-4.1 mm long. Leaves 2 at each node; petiole 3-31 mm long; lamina 2.3-15 x 1-7 cm, usually oblong or obovate or elliptic, sometimes narrowly oblong or narrowly or broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, coriaceous and thick, green or yellowish green on adaxial side, paler green to glaucous on abaxial side; base narrowly cuneate; margin reflexed; apex usually obtuse and rounded or broadly acute, sometimes retuse or emarginate or acuminate with acumen up to 3 mm long; pairs of secondary veins (4-)5-9(-10); venation yellowish green to yellow; domatia lacking; cuticle striate. Inflorescence a corymb or a short panicle, 1-4 cm long, with 5-20 flowers (flowers rarely single in an axillary reduced cyme); partial inflorescences 3-7, dichasia, each with 1-4 flowers; nodes of branches swollen; lowermost inflorescence branches 0.6-2 cm long; branches opposite; pedicels usually simple, rarely partially connate, (0-)0.5-9 mm long and 0.9-1.3 mm in diam. in flower, up to 11 mm long and up to at least 2 mm in diam. in fruit; calyx tube 0.8-1.9 mm long, 2.4-3.2 mm in diam.; colleters abundant along base of adaxial side; calyx teeth up to 0.3 mm long; corolla tube 3-7 mm long, 2.2-2.9 mm in diam.; corolla lobes 10-16 mm long, 2.3-4.1 mm wide, 2.1-3.3 times longer than tube; filaments 3.4-8 mm long; anthers 5-8 mm long; pollen grains: P = 39-46 μm; E = 44-60 μm; ovaries simple; style 7.5-11 mm long; stigma 3.3-6 mm long. Fruit 15-18 x 13-15 mm, globose to obovoid, yellow.

Beschreibung: A distribution survey of Hyla arborea has been carried out in the western part of Zealand Flanders over a period of six years. Additional data on the eastern part and the neighbouring Belgian area have been collected. The relationship between the maximum number of males calling on one evening/night and the estimate of their population size is a suitable basis to predict the total number of males in other pools during a season. Methodological aspects of the fieldwork are discussed. Great fluctuations in presence and activity of the Tree Frog illustrate the need for longterm surveys. Hyla arborea is declining, and nowadays its distribution is restricted to some localities in the western part of the region. These localities are classified according to the number of males and their importance for conservation.

Beschreibung: The histological structure of cephalothoracic and abdominal integuments has been studied in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. In the branchial region of the carapace, there are a thin epicuticle, an exocuticle, and a relatively thick endocuticle, followed by a layer of columnar epithelium and underlying connective tissue. This pattern is repeated on the inner surface of the carapace fold but with generally thinner cuticular layers. Within the connective tissue there are tegumental glands, haemocytes, and some reserve inclusions. The abdominal integument shows a modified cuticle structure which is probably related to its specific function as an adhesive organ attaching the hermit crab to the inner surface of the gastropod shell. The cuticle is uncalcified and it shows deep wrinkles and grooves.

Beschreibung: Lipofuscin, body carbon and respiration rates were measured in Hyas araneus from hatching to metamorphosis. Excitation/emission spectra of both the chloroform and the methanol/aqueous phase showed one distinct fluorescence peak in the chloroform (410-415 nm emission/340-350 nm excitation) and the methanol/aqueous phase (405/350 nm) of zoea I (directly after hatching) and megalopa (0 and 24 days old). Individual lipofuscin concentrations increased continuously during zoea I and halfway through zoea II, but remained constant through the entire megalopa despite high metabolic activity in this stage. Individual lipofuscin concentrations were positively correlated with body carbon and carbonspecific lipofuscin was negatively correlated. Moulting cause considerable loss of lipofuscin.

Beschreibung: The distribution of ice rafted debris (IRD) is an important parameter in glaciomarine sediments. A simple method is presented allowing the determination of the IRD-contents by counting the gravel fraction of the x-radiographs which are generally taken during sampling. In comparison with sieve analyses corresponding values are obtained by both methods. However, more information can be made available in a shorter time by this method.

Beschreibung: An efficient numerical ice sheet model, including time dependence and full thermo-mechanical coupling, has been developed to investigate the thermal regime and overall configuration of apolar ice sheet with respect to changing environmental conditions. From basic sensitivity experiments, in which a schematic East-Antarctic Ice Sheet is forced with a typicalglacial-interglacial climatic shift, it is found that (i):the mutual interaction of temperature and deformation has a stabilizing effect on its steady state configuration and (ii) in the transientmode, this climatic transition initially leads to increased ice thickness due to enhanced accumulation, whereafter this trend is reversed due to a warmer base. Time scales for this reversal areof the order of 10 3 years in marginal zones and of 10 4 years in interior parts. Time-dependent modelling of the Vostok flowline, indicates that the Vostok Station area has risen about 95m since the beginning of the present interglacial due to thermo-mechanical effects, which is of particular interest in interpreting the palaeoclimatic signal of the obtained ice core there.

Beschreibung: In prior studies, critical points have been found in the interaction between exogenous (food) and endogenous (hormonal) control of the larval development of decapod crustaceans. One of them was termed "point of reserve saturation" (PRS). If it has been passed under conditions of sufficient availability of food, decapod larvae may complete their moulting cycle and develop, independent of food to the next instar. In the present investigation the PRS and the moulting cycle were studied simultaneously in first instar larvae on nine decapod species belonging to eight families and four higher taxa (Caridea, Macrura, Anomura, and Brachyura). The experimental results suggest that the PRS was in general near the transition between stages C and D sub(o) of Drach's classification system, independent of the species, instar duration, and temperature.

Beschreibung: Zoea I larvae of Hyas araneus were dredged in Jan. 1986 from the German Bight and reared in the laboratory at constant 12 degree C, until they reached the transition of stages C/D sub(0) of the moult cycle (4 d after hatching). One part of the larvae was continually fed (control), another group was starved from the D sub(0) threshold until moulting to the zoea II instar. Biomass curves were almost parallel in the two experimental groups of zoea II larvae, with significantly higher values in the control during all stages of the moult cycle. The ecdysteroid titer curve of the zoea II which had moulted from starved zoea I was very similar to that in control larvae, but with a 3-d delay in the occurrence of premoult peak concentration (in both groups in stage D sub(1)). Regulation and coordination of moult cycle, ecdysteroid titers, and growth in the larval development of decapod crustaceans are discussed, with special reference to the D sub(0) threshold.

Beschreibung: Cladophora rupestris (L.) Kütz. can encounter either abrupt or more gentle declines of salinity down to full fresh water during combined low tide and rainfall. With the rising tide salinity increases immediately. Such salinity regimes were simulated in the laboratory (“abrupt regime” and “gentle regime”) and respiration and photosynthesis were measured during exposure to them. Respiration changed little but was partly enhanced after sudden salinity changes. Photosynthesis was stimulated at the beginning of gentle regimes but was later somewhat inhibited as hypoosmotic stress became greater. In the abrupt regime photosynthesis was inhibited strongly during the low salinity period and showed only partial recovery after re-immersion in full strength sea water indicating severe damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This damage occurs only when low salinity exposure is accompanied by high illumination (480 μE · m−2 · s−1). Although Cladophora can grow in the field in full sunlight it does not encounter these combined conditions because intense self-shading and epiphytic growth on the alga prevents exposure to high illumination. As a result photosynthesis is not inhibited after re-immersion in full sea water.

Beschreibung: Abstract. Results of balloon borne soundings with electrochemical ozone sondes carried out at 70,77°S; 11,85°E are discussed. During the polar spring in 1985 the high time resolution of soundings (about 12 launches per month) gives a detailed picture on the vertical distribution and height variations of different maxima of ozone partial pressure near the margin of the ozone hole crossing the continentalcoast above Queen Maud Land.

Beschreibung: The spider crab Hyas araneus L. was reared in the laboratory from hatching to metamorphosis. During each instar, the larvae were moult-staged, and their protein content, respiration rate, and activities of the digestive enzymes trypsin and amylase were measured in regular intervals of time.