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  • Articles  (3,269)
  • Springer  (3,174)
  • Oxford University Press  (95)
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  • Articles  (3,269)
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  • 1990-1994  (1,593)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954  (1,676)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supporting engineering applications by new data base processing concepts—An experience report (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 31-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Data base management systems for nonstandard applications (nonstandard data base systems, NDBS), in particular for engineering applications, nowadays constitute one of the most important challenges in the area of data base research. Some major obstacles are concerned with problems of modeling and processing complex engineering objects. Some new system architectures have been proposed, and appropriate concepts for handling the new types of application objects have been developed over the past few years. Based on PRIMA, an NDBS-kernel prototype implementation, we motivate a workstation-oriented architecture for NDBS application systems. We explain a prototypical application system in the environment of VLSI-chip design, which serves as a practical examples in handling complex objects. Analyzing the weaknesses of this initial approach, we derive general concepts for application linkage, discussing, in particular, key issues for an efficient object processing and language binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206335
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feature-based modeling for automatic mesh generation (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Automatic meshing algorithms for finite element analysis are based on a computer understanding of the geometry of the part to be discretized. Current mesh generators understand the part as either a boundary representation, an octree, or a point set. A higher-level understanding of the part can be achieved by associating engineering significance and engineering data, such as loading and boundary conditions, with generic shapes in the part. This technique, called feature-based modeling, is a popular approach to integrating computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing through the use of machinable shapes in the CAD model. It would seem that feature-based design also could aid in the finite element mesh generation process by making engineering information explicit in the model. This paper describes an approach to feature-based mesh generation. The feature representation of a fully functioning feature-based system that does automatic process planning and inspection was extended to include finite element mesh generation. This approach is based on a single feature representation that can be used for design, finite element analysis, process planning, and inspection of prismatic parts. The paper describes several advantages that features provide to the meshing process, such as improved point sets and a convenient method of simplifying the geometry of the model. Also discussed are possible extensions to features to enhance the finite element meshing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206333
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approaches to AI methodology in reinforced concrete structures: a case study (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A system developed earlier for reinforced concrete halls layout is studied and justified from different aspects. Also, updates of both capabilities and limitations, which were recently incorporated in the system, are emphasized. Some of the original aspects of the system were reviewed and modified, to overcome some of the drawbacks in the earlier presentation. The system's organization remains almost the same. Some suggestions for further improvements to the system are presented as well. Finally the function of the system is illustrated by a sample run of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of a hybrid sweep-CSG modeler—The sweep-CSG representation (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 101-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Applying sweep operations on 2-D closed contours is a well known method for modelling 3-D solid objects. This paper deals with the implementation of a solid modeler with sweep as the basic representational scheme. In the modeler, a solid is defined by sweeping a planar polygon along a linear or curved trajectory. A sculptured solid may also be defined by using a beta-spline curve for the sweep polygon and a cubic B-spline curve for the sweep trajectory. By incorporating Boolean operations, a hybrid sweep-CSG solid modeler is implemented. The current implementation allows translational, rotational, and twisted sweep operations on a planar polygon composited of lines and arcs. In addition, a solid primitive can also be created by sweeping a planar closed beta-spline curve along a cubic B-spline curve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic coarse and fine surface mesh generation scheme based on medial axis transform: Part i algorithms (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 121-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm for the generation of coarse and fine finite element (FE) meshes on multiply connected surfaces, based on the medial axis transform (MAT). The MAT is employed to automatically decompose a complex shape into topologically simple subdomains, and to extract important shape characteristics and their length scales. Using this technique, we can create a coarse subdivision of a complex surface and select local element size to generate fine triangular meshes within those subregions in an automated manner. Therefore, this approach can lead to integration of fully automatic FE mesh generation functionality into FE preprocessing systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200364
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The complementary roles of expert systems and database management systems in a design for manufacture environment (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Effective product design that satisfies functional requirements and can be manufactured easily requires vast amounts of knowledge on the part of the design engineer. This paper focuses on the complementary roles of expert systems and database management systems as they relate to the Intelligent Design System (IDS) in a Design for Manufacture (DFM) environment. Each technology complements the other in its strengths and abilities. The database management system provides during the design process. The expert system provides a reasoning mechanism for identifying manufacturing violations and generating meaningful recommendations. These components work cooperatively with a CAD interface to form a unified, intelligent design environment. An information flow analysis of the Intelligent Design System resulted in the development of three distinct classifications of information within the database: CAD data, a design catalog, and a knowledge base. The CAD data tables employ an, object oriented approach to store specific information about the physical contains cost, weight, and strength characteristics of the standard parts and fasteners used within the system. The knowledge base contains rules and heuristics concerning design and manufacturing methodologies. The placement of the expert system rules in the database represents an innovation. As a result, the expansion and updating of the materials, fasteners, standard parts, or manufacturing processes used by the Intelligent Design System is facilitated without increased due to the efficient management of the knowledge base by the database management system. This allows the designer to modify the knowledge and help the system to learn without the need for a knowledge engineer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200365
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An axiomatic theory of engineering design information (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 197-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recent research in design theory has sought to formalize the engineering design process without particular concern for the paradigm used to model design information. The authors propose that no correct formalization of the design process can be achieved without first formalizing the semantics of the information used in the process. To this end, the authors present a new formal theory of design information. The theory, called the hybrid model (HM), is an extended form of axiomatic set theory, and relies on it for consistency and logical rigor. The theory is stated as a collection of axioms, using a standard logic notation. Design entities are modeled by formal units calledobjects. Generalized functions and relations are used to formalize important ordering schemes and abstraction mechanisms relevant to design, including classification by structure and by function, aggregation, specialization, and generalization. The hybrid model is meant not only to aid in the study of the design process itself, but also to improve communications between designers, assist standardization of design specifications, and develop new, powerful software tools to aid the designer in his work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194322
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transaction management framework for collaborative engineering (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 213-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the various novel functionalities of a transaction management system for collaborative engineering applications. These features include grouped and shared transactions, dynamic database partitioning, communicative locking, dependency maintenance, update notification schemes, and version management of data configurations. It also establishes protocols for data consistency maintenance on the basis of application semantics and encapsulation of nonserializable data sharing in local databases rather than by the notion of global database consistency. Finally, it presents strategies for implementing these features using a commercial object oriented database management system (OODBMS) environment (ONTOS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194323
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering materials information systems (1992)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Materials properties information systems are poorly understood. Many databases of materials properties and designations have been produced but, except in the most modest of cases, they have been less successful than their creators had hoped Knowledge based systems (KBS) are subject to exactly the same problems as data based materials information systems and it is important to realize what these are before the special character of KBSs can be used to alleviate them. This paper surveys the unusual and difficult aspects of engineering materials information that must be handled by any organizing methodology, whether manual or computerized, data based or knowledge based, handling information which is stored or inferred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194325
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An application of axiomatic design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 149-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract For the field of design to become a discipline, it must have the prerequisites of a discipline: principles and a process of solving problems using these principles. This paper presents a case study for axiomatic design, illustrating the process of using the design axioms (i.e., the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom) in designing an artificial skin. The axioms are used to guide the analysis of a process design for an artificial skin graft. The analysis indicates that the current design does not meet the requirements specified by the axioms and should be redesigned to overcome the difficulties it has experienced in the field. Alternative solutions are generated following a systematic analysis of the design problem, and the best alternative is identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580517
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580846
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial: Research in Engineering Design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 193-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580841
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A taxonomy for mechanical design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a taxonomy that provides a basis for characterizing mechanical design methods and theories. The taxonomy has three primary divisions: the environment, the problem, and the process. Each of these factors is further subdivided into its important characteristics. For example, the process is divided into plan, processing action, effect, and failure action. This paper discusses the options for each characteristic. An overview of the proposed taxonomy is given in section 2 of this paper. Section 3 describes details of the design environment; section 4 gives details on the description of the design problem itself; and section 5 provides details on the design process. In section 6, the taxonomy is applied in two ways: it is first used to clarify the meaning of differing, commonly used design terms, such as selection design, configurational design, parametric design, and redesign; and, second, the taxonomy is used to classify a representative sample of design process research efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580519
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrating the user into research on engineering design systems (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Engineering design research has historically been evaluated in terms of its computational performance. However, in many cases this research implies hypotheses about human behavior which are ignored. In this paper, we argue that the systems emerging from design research will benefit from investigating how people use them to accomplish work, and from the incorporation of principles of Participatory Design (Floyed et al., 1989) at the earliest stages of the development process. Using a case study, we present the evolution of a CAD system that supports complex mathematical modeling. This design effort is examined according to principles outlined in another well-documented effort in Participatory Design. Finally, despite the common misconception that such considerations impede basic research, we argue that continuous user involvement can guide research by validating experimental hypotheses and pointing to areas for future inquiry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580843
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A data representation for collaborative mechanical design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Collaborative design projects place additional burdens on design documentation practices. The literature on group design has repeatedly documented the existence of problems in design decision-making due to the unavailability of design information. This paper describes a data representation developed for collaborative mechanical design information. The data representation is used to record the history of the design as a sequence of design decisions. The resulting data base records the final specifications, the alternatives which were considered during the design process, and the designers' rationale for choosing the final design parameters. It is currently implemented in a computerized data base system under development at Oregon State University (OSU).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580845
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design principles for cognitive artifacts (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 43-50 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Modern designs are more than ever before required to be understandable and usable by their intended audience. As machines get ever more complex, it becomes essential for designers to provide a user-centered design that focuses upon the needs and abilities of the user. This paper presents an analysis of cognitive artifacts—devices designed to maintain, display, or operate upon information in order to serve a representational function. An important design consideration is the human action cycle which means that artificial devices must support both execution and evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032391
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of human error in reinforced concrete design (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Available statistical data suggest that human error in design causes a significant proportion of performance failures; namely, structural failure, cost overruns, and delays. A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) model has been developed to simulate the effect of human error on the design computations of a reinforced concrete beam. The proposed HRA model incorporates the effect of “self-corrections”; this is a process where tasks are re-evaluated if the result appears to be not within “reasonable” expectations. Calculation, table look-up, chart look-up, and table ranking microtasks were incorporated into the proposed HRA model; human perormance data are described for each of these microtasks. It was found that human error, particularly multiple errors, lead to a significant loss of structural safety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032392
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 191-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580520
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge-based interpretation of architectural drawings (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 195-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A method for machine interpretation of architectural (or other) schematic drawings is presented. The central problem is to build an efficient drawing parser (i.e., a program that identifies the semantic entities, characteristics, and relationships that are represented in the drawing). The parser is built from specifications of the drawing grammar and an underlying spatial model. The grammar describes what to look for, and the spatial model enables the parser to find it quickly. Coupled with existing optical recognition technology, this technique enables the use of drawings directly as: (1) a database to drive various Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) applications; (2) a communication protocol to integrate CAD systems; (3) a traditional user interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580842
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Preface (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 1-1 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032387
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 247-248 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580847
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Shared memory in design: A unifying theme for research and practice (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 23-42 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new unifying theme for design theory by emphasizing the importance of context. We arrive at our conclusions by examining and then criticizing the legitimacy of universal methods in design upon which the critical importance of context emerges. The collaborative aspects of design focuses attention on the conception of shared meaning. We introduce and elaborate the concept of shared memory as the embodiment both of context and of shared meaning. Using the concept of shared memory in vertical and horizontal forms, within and between disciplines, respectively, we both account for past observations of design in practice and recommend actions to improve design in the future. We examine several practical implications of the growing importance of shared memory in industrial firms and for design teams. We then consider and recommend specific research programs which will help designers capture and make better use of this critical resource.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032390
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encoding mechanical design features for recognition via neural nets (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 67-74 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Within mechanical computer-aided design (CAD), pattern-recognition techniques are fundamental to feature recognition. The use of neural net software as the pattern-recognition element depends upon encoding schemes which extract critical information from candidate geometric subsets. The trained memory can then determine if a particular candidate geometric subset corresponds to a feature of interest. Successful experiments with particular encoding schemes over a restricted class of features will be presented. Neural nets were chosen with the long-term view toward a feature-recognition architecture where the end-user could customize the domain of features that can be recognized. The training of the neural net memory would be achieved through a graceful graphics interface. Extensive programming and knowledge bases would be avoided. This envisioned architecture will be presented to provide a context for the encoding schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580145
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  • 24
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    Topological properties that model feature-based representation conversions within concurrent engineering (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 147-158 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the fundamental axioms of concurrent engineering is that undertaking functional design without foreseeing the manufacturing process leads to production delays and increased costs. This widely accepted concurrent engineering principle is given a formal basis by development of a mathematical model for the conversion of a feature-based design representation to a manufacturing representation. Within the domain of thin-walled components, it is shown that the conversion to tooling cost representations can result in a discontinuous function when the sets of design and manufacturing representations have been formulated as topological spaces. This discontinuity formally reflects the folklore that a small design change can significantly increase product cost. The mathematical sophistication required within this model is suggestive of why manufacturability evaluations can be quite difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607943
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  • 25
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    Announcements (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 191-194 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607947
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  • 26
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    A taxonomy of the product realization process environment (1992)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 203-213 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The realization of concepts into products is an extremely complex and poorly understood process. Companies and researchers are developing software aids and tools in a somewhat ad hoc manner. Differing claims are made for such tools, without there being much underlying understanding about what they are supposed to do. As part of a project to develop a strategy for applying computer-based tools to the process of realizing products, this paper proposes a taxonomy which encompasses most of the factors involved and defines the environments in which computer-based tools operate. Several other uses for this taxonomy are suggested, including identifying how the different types of computer-based tools support or replace various human activities or tasks; outlining a strategy for automating the process, as part of a strategy for applying the right tool for the task; and identifying where new tools might be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032464
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  • 27
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    Stabilization of a distributed system with a stable compensator (1992)
    Springer
    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 1-22 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Distributed parameter system ; Strong stabilization ; Stable compensator ; Parity interlacing condition ; Callier-Desoer class
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract It is proved that a multivariable distributed system, that has no poles on the boundary of the half-plane of analyticity of its transfer function, can be stabilized with a stable strictly proper lumped compensator if and only if the standard parity interlacing condition is satisfied. The problem is formulated and solved in a Banach algebra of transfer functions that are Laplace transforms of measures having a finite total variation with respect to some given submultiplicative weight function. In particular, this result can be applied to transfer functions in the Callier-Desoer class, and it seems to be new even for this class. The proofs are closely related to and based on the scalar case solved previously.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01211973
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    Tracking the condition number for RLS in signal processing (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 23-39 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Adaptive algorithms ; Condition estimation ; Recursive least squares ; Signal processing ; Singular values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We apply a fast adaptive condition estimation scheme, calledACE, to recursive least squares (RLS) computations in signal processing.ACE is fast in the sense that onlyO(n) operations are required forn parameter problems, and is adaptive over time, i.e., estimates at timet are used to produce estimates at timet + 1. RLS algorithms for linear prediction of time series are applied in various fields of signal processing: identification, estimation, and control. However, RLS algorithms are known to suffer from numerical instability problems under finite word-length conditions, due to ill-conditioning. We apply adaptive procedures, linear in the order of the problem, for accurately tracking relevant extreme eigen-values or singular values and the associated condition numbers over timet. In this paper exponentially weighted data windows are considered. The sliding data window case, which involves downdating as well as updating, is considered else-where. Numerical experiments indicate thatACE yields an accurate, yet inexpensive, RLS condition estimator for signal processing applications.
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    Topological aspects of the partial realization problem (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 117-149 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Hankel matrices ; Manifolds ; Partial realization ; Cell decomposition ; Bruhat decomposition ; Principal minors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the topology of manifolds of rectangular Hankel matrices, motivated by the problem of partial realization. Following Fischer and Frobenius, we introduce a rank-preserving Gl(2, ℝ)-action on the space Hank(M × N) of all realM × N Hankel matrices. We derive an explicit formula for the firstn x n principal minor of transformed Hankel matrices. Extending the earlier work of Brockett, the formula is applied to introduce a manifold structure on the space Hank(n, M × N) of allM × N Hankels of rankn. We construct a cell decomposition of Hank(M × N) which induces a cellular subdivision on each of the manifolds Hank(n, M × N) wheren ≤ min (M, N). This new cell decomposition is applied to investigate the topology of partial realizations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215842
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    On the relation between small-time local controllability and normal self-reachability (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 41-66 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Local controllability ; Normal reachability ; Measurable controls ; Control approximations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a local property of nonlinear systems called the nontangency property and we show that, in the presence of this nontangency property, small-time local controllability by measurable controls implies small-time local controllability by piecewise-constant controls; furthermore, the initial state is normally reachable from itself in arbitrarily small time. The class of systems that are small-time locally controllable and satisfy the nontangency property is shown to contain all real-analytic systems, all smooth systems with the Lie-algebra rank condition, and all locally boundedC 1 systems. Some consequences of small-time normal self-reachability are also discussed.
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    Rate of convergence of schmidt pairs and rational functions corresponding to best approximants of truncated hankel operators (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 67-79 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Hankel norm ; Rational approximation ; Order of approximation ; Wiener class
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of approximating Hankel operators of infinite rank by finite-rank Hankel operators is considered. For efficiency, truncated infinite Hankel matrices Γn of Γ are utilized. In this paper for any compact Hankel operator Γ of the Wiener class, we derive the rate of l2-convergence of the Schmidt pairs of Γn to the corresponding Schmidt pairs of Γ. For a certain subclass of Hankel operators of the Wiener class, we also obtain the rate of l1-convergence. In addition, an upper bound for the rate of uniform convergence of the rational symbols of best rank-k Hankel approximants of Γn to the corresponding rational symbol of the best rank-k Hankel approximant to Γ asn → ∞ is derived.
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    On generalized signal-to-noise ratios in quadratic detection (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 81-91 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Deflection ratio ; Generalized signal-to-noise ratio ; Quadratic detection ; Stochastic signal detection ; Reproducing kernel Hilbert space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) is a measure of performance often used in evaluating binary hypothesis testing procedures. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the GSNR as applied to the evaluation of quadratic detectors with Gaussian hypotheses. Appealing to reproducing kernel Hilbert space theory, we give a representation for the GSNR that is particularly useful for evaluating extremal properties. Finally, we discuss an alternative performance measure that is both intuitively appealing and superior to the GSNR in some respects.
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    Singular ergodic control for multidimensional Gaussian processes (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 93-114 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Ergodic control ; Singular control ; Bounded variation control ; Diffusion process ; Dynamic programming ; Reflected diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A multidimensional Wiener process is controlled by an additive process of bounded variation. A convex nonnegative function measures the cost associated with the position of the state process, and the cost of controlling is proportional to the displacement induced. We minimize a limiting time-average expected (ergodic) criterion. Under reasonable assumptions, we prove that the optimal discounted cost converges to the optimal ergodic cost. Moreover, under some additional conditions there exists a convex Lipschitz continuous function solution to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation which provides an optimal stationary feedback control.
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    Invertibility of Discrete-Event Dynamic Systems (1992)
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 5 (1992), S. 365-390 
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    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Automata ; Invertibility ; Observability ; Resiliency ; Error recovery ; Discrete-event dynamic systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider a class of Discrete-Event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) modeled as finite-state automata in which only some of the transition events are directly observed. An invertible DEDS is one for which it is possible to reconstruct the entire event string from the observation of the output string. The dynamics of invertibility are somewhat complex, as ambiguities in unobservable events are typically resolved only at discrete intervals and, perhaps, with finite delay. A notion of resiliency or error recovery is developed for invertibility, and polynomial-time tests for invertibility and for resilient invertibility, as well as a procedure for the construction of a resilient inverter, are discussed.
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    Announcements (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 61-64 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032393
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    Conceptual design of mechanisms based on computational synthesis and simulation of kinematic building blocks (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 75-87 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Although many ingenious mechanisms have been designed, the fundamental task of conceptualizing these devices is, to a great extent, still an art. While sophisticated computational tools for dynamic analysis of mechanisms exist, hardly any computational methods exist for generalized synthesis. To develop a computational model for synthesis, a formal foundation for mechanisms design must be laid by rationalizing the process of mechanical synthesis. Rationalization in synthesis implies that complex mechanical motions can be described in terms of primitives or building blocks. In this paper, we present a matrix methodology that forms the basis for a computable approach to design synthesis. In this methodology, the continuous design space of a mechanisms domain is discretized into functional subspaces, and each subspace is represented uniquely by a conceptual building block. The matrix scheme serves as a formal means to (a) represent and reason with the building blocks at different levels of abstraction, (b) generate alternate conceptual design configurations, and (c) facilitate rapid simulation of design concepts by connecting a series of building blocks.
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    The opportunistic route and the role of design principles (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 185-190 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes some aspects of the opportunistic mode of design which, it is held, most designers adopt, particularly for the step from concept to embodiment, or means to form, in which it is most characteristically seen. Simple examples are given which show the operation of constraints in directing the designer, and the strengths and weaknesses of the approach are discussed. Suggestions are made as to the important role design principles can play, and how their systematic introduction could help. Some notes are given on a computer aid which is being developed to prompt the designer in the use of appropriate principles at the appropriate stage in the work.
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    On system design (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 215-226 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The general, multiple attribute system design problem is formulated in total quality space which includes all of the microeconomic factors that influence the net value of a product to society. A hypothetical system design task—the development of improved system specifications and new subsystem requirements for the redesign of an automobile—is used to illustrate the approach. A new format is also given for describing design of experiment arrays which facilitates their use in spreadsheet calculations.
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    Engineering design and mechatronics: The schemebuilder project (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 241-248 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the development of a software design aid for use at the conceptual stage of engineering design. It is intended for use in the design of mechatronic products but has wider potential uses. Early approaches were based on function structures and tables of options and the system that evolved allows the assembly of schemes linked by matching their input and output ports. A database of components is provided which can be accessed via different indexes and the designer can easily create and compare alternative schemes at the concept stage. A bond graph approach is used to define the interconnections between components. This allows correct port matching but also provides for future development such as constraint propagation through the design and links to simulation tools.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032467
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    Designing as reflective conversation with the materials of a design situation (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 131-147 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract What are the prospects for applying the methods of Artificial Intelligence to architectural designers' knowing-in-action? David Marr (Marr, 1982) has advanced the idea of a computational theory of vision, which requires defining the information processing tasks carried out in vision. I ask, by analogy: what are the information processing tasks carried out in design? In order to answer this question, I propose, one ought to study design phenomenology. I illustrate several such studies, based on observations of a design studio, the performance of a design exercise, and the playing of a design game. In order to simulate the transactions with a design situation illustrated in these studies, the computer would have to carry out processes that begin prior to the presentation of what are normally defined as “design inputs.” Such processes involve the construction of “design worlds,” and they include: the simplest unit of design experimentation, the designer's seeing-moving-seeing; constructing figures from marks on a page; appreciating design qualities; setting design intentions and problems; recognizing the unintended consequences of move experiments; storing and deploying prototypes; and communicating across divergent design worlds. I conclude that the practitioners of Artificial Intelligence in design would do better to aim at producing design assistants rather than knowledge systems phenomenologically equivalent to those of designers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580516
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    Evaluating prototyping technologies for product design (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 163-177 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Firms that design mechanical and electromechanical products confront a variety of difficult issues in their prototyping activities. For a given part, how can a choice among fabrication technologies be made? Where should investments in new prototyping technology be focused? How can new and existing prototyping technologies be evaluated? Our primary goal has been to develop a systematic method of evaluating prototyping processes in order to determine the best process for a given situation. A secondary goal has been to map the “space” of prototyping processes in order to determine future process development needs. Using data from a field study at the Kodak Apparatus Division, we have developed a systematic method for evaluating and selecting prototyping processes. Our data are drawn from (1) a user survey of prototyping perceptions and needs, (2) a survey to determine the importance of various prototype part performance attributes, and (3) estimates of the fabrication time, cost, and part performance for 104 parts and four prototyping processes.
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    An interdisciplinary course in engineering synthesis (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 3 (1992), S. 223-231 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The interdisciplinary courseSynthesis of Engineering Systems has been offered by the Engineering Design Research Center over the last 3 years. Students are exposed to two major paradigms for design synthesis: mathematical programming and knowledge-based expert systems. The former emphasizes the mathematical formulation of optimization problems that involve discrete and continuous variables for the selection of topologies and parameters in engineering systems. The latter emphasizes representations and search techniques for processing qualitative knowledge for synthesis of designs by heuristic classification and hierarchical decomposition. An integral part of the course is a term project in which the students apply both synthesis approaches to a design problem in their domain. The projects deal with different engineering problems, reflecting the disciplinary background of the students. The projects explore a number of different schemes for combining mathematical optimization and knowledge-based approaches. Some use knowledge-based techniques for preliminary screening or as critics of mathematical optimization, while others show a direct comparison between the two approaches. This paper summarizes the experience gained in the course, illustrates representative student projects, discusses major results and conclusions, and provides a perspective for future research needs and educational approaches in this area.
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    Designing the world we live in (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 3-11 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Engineering designers, who decide the physical shape and technical features of the built world, tend to forget that their predecessors have been making design decisions for hundreds of years. This paper gives several historical examples of design experience which can supply useful insights today, because the essential nature of engineering has not changed.
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    Engineering from reflective practice (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 13-22 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Some ideas for a new epistemology, encompassing practical action, based on the concept of reflective practice, are presented. The term reflective practitioner was first suggested by Schon (1983) in an analysis of the need to define the nature of practical competence. The prevailing culture of technical rationality, which depends on science for it rigor, is compared with that of the “wise engineer” promoted by Elms (1989). Worldview, quality, systems thinking, and responsibility are discussed as preliminaries to an analysis of reflective practice. The model is based on the passing of hierarchically structured sets of message patterns from perception to reflection to action. Intelligence is defined as an ability to construct, evaluate, and act on alternative scenarios of the future in the reflective phase. Design involves the construction of scenarios where imagined artifacts operate to achieve predefined needs for some defined person(s). Rigor for the reflective practitioner stems from the achieving of appropriate objectives. The similarities and differences between science and engineering become apparent when both are viewed as examples of reflective practice.
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    Input Variable Expansion: An algorithmic design generation technique (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 101-113 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Input Variable Expansion (IVE) is a domain-independent, algorithmic methodology for generating new designs. These designs are based on a known design which is cast as an optimization problem, described by its first principle equations. IVE performs design space expansion by replicating the topology of the initial design, assigning independent properties to each region, and distributing a selected input to the newly created regions. Optimization information is employed in the selection of the distributed input. The resulting design is optimized, using symbolic optimization techniques when possible. In more complex and industrially relevant problems where symbolic methods are more difficult, numerical methods are used to optimize the resulting designs. Trends over generations of designs are observed and the limiting designs are induced. These designs incorporate new features, and may exhibit either an improved objective or a feasible design space replacing an infeasible one. IVE is a complementary expansion technique to Dimensional Variable Expansion (DVE), developed by Cagan and Agogino (1991a). Together, IVE and DVE initiate a library of design space expansion techniques which, in some cases, eliminate the need for prepostulated superstructures for finding the optimal solution. IVE is demonstrated in the designs of a catalyst bed, a set of columns under axial load, and a chemical reactor network.
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    Design knowledge acquisition for DFM methodologies (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 131-145 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Design for Manufacturability (DFM) is a philosophy that encourages the communication of manufacturing information at the earliest stages of design in order to design parts and products that can be produced with greater ease and economy. This paper discusses the extensive experience gathered during the development of several DFM models in order to draw some conclusions and express some concerns that should be of interest to all those who develop or use manufacturing models that rely on design knowledge acquisition of knowledge from domain experts and/or industrial sites.
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    Cooperation in aircraft design (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 115-130 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe how aircraft are designed in a large organization. We discuss the different phases of design and interaction with the customer. We then describe the models used by each specialist department and the interactions among departments during the design process. We observe that the main design choices are refinement operations on the design. We then briefly describe how the negotiation process is controlled by an organizationally agreed sequence of commitment steps. We then describe negotiation at higher levels in the organization. What decisions are made, the compromises worked out, and the effect of these higher-level commitments on the design process. We conclude that: (1) aircraft design proceeds by thecooperation ofspecialists (specialist teams or departments); (2) each specialist has its ownmodel of the design, and may use several different models or partial models for different purposes; (3) specialists have limited ability to understand each other's models. They communicate using ashared vocabulary, but not necessarily shared technical knowledge; (4) design proceeds by successiverefinement of the models, which are coordinated and updated together; (5) the design decisions, which are acts of commitment and model refinement, arenegotiated by the specialists among themselves; (6) one way this negotiation process is organized and controlled is by the use ofcommitment steps; (7) negotiations occur at higher levels in the organization, resulting in commitments which greatly influence and constrain the design process and its organization, and which have the greatest effect on the cost of the product.
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    Axiomatic approach to structural design (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 171-183 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract As civil engineering enters the 21st century, the demands on the profession will move toward complex, interdisciplinary tasks such as infrastructure rehabilitation, environmental cleanup, and the delivery of high-technology facilities (e.g., hospitals, R&D laboratories, and advanced manufacturing plants). The current structural design paradigm is a top-down process that includes a nonhomogeneous approach to decision-making. There is an apparent lack of basic principles to formalize and evaluate conceptual design decisions while preliminary and detailed design decisions reflect increasing formalization and reliance on computational methods. This nonhomogeneous approach to decision-making limits how well the practicing engineer can meet the impending design challenges; particularly since conceptual design decisions determine a significant portion of a project's total cost. Axiomatic design is presented as a systematic framework for structural design because it aids the designer in satisfying multiple design objectives in a homogeneous manner throughout the design process. It is also an effective framework for formalizing and evaluating conceptual design decisions. The design of a structural frame for an innovative mechanical parking system is presented as an illustrative case study. This paper represents an initial effort to apply the principles of axiomatic design to the domain of civil engineering structures.
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    Mechanical design heuristics to reduce the combinatorial complexity for feature recognition (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 195-201 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Feature recognition can be characterized as enhancing the geometric database representation of a mechanical artifact to include some design intent. A number of feature recognition systems have successfully demonstrated the ability to capture such design knowledge. To determine if any such system could “scale-up” to large industrial part databases, it is appropriate to analyze the computational complexity of the recognition system-an issue which appears to have generally been ignored by the feature recognition community. A naive combinatorial analysis, generally applicable over all design domains, suggests that the combinatorial complexity would be exponential, hence intractable within most modern computing environments. Such a theoretical mathematical analysis ignores critical domain-specific engineering knowledge. It is argued that this theoretical potential for combinatorial explosion can be addressed by combining domain-specific mechanical engineering heuristics with a detailed combinatorial analysis. An example of such a heuristically guided combinatorial analysis will be presented for the domain of sheet-metal parts. This example presents combinatorial upper bounds which indicate that feature recognition upon large sheet-metal databases will be computationally tractable. In order to extend the analysis to other domains, it may be necessary to develop other domain-specific heuristics. However, the example presented should serve as a guide to incorporating design heuristics with combinatorial analysis.
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    Hierarchical and interactive decision refinement methodology for engineering design (1992)
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    Research in engineering design 4 (1992), S. 227-239 
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    ISSN: 1435-6066
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the Hierarchical and Interactive Decision Refinement (HIDER) methodology for engineering design. This methodology hierarchically refines (or reduces) a large initial design space through a series of multiple-objective optimizations, until a fully specified design is obtained. This contrasts with the traditional approach to design optimization which involves picking a fully specified design from the space of possible designs and then iteratively modifying its specifications to maximize the performance. The HIDER methodology uses an adaptive modeling approach that combines machine learning and statistical techniques for developing fast empirical models with different levels of detail and evaluation speeds. These models are used for multiple-objective optimization at different stages of the design. The use of layered models enables HIDER methodology to be used at different stages of parametric design, including early stages when design specifications are not complete. This methodology also supports multiple perspectives in concurrent design because it provides means for transforming models from these different perspectives into a uniform representation, as well as facilitating decision-making with respect to multiple competing objectives. This paper presents the HIDER methodology with an example in the parametric design of a diesel engine.
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    Conservation problems on Galápagos: The showcase of evolution in danger (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 1-6 
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    Nuclear fission reactors as energy sources for the giant outer planets (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 7-14 
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    Katalytische Antikörper (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 15-22 
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    Distribution of optical isomers of monoterpenes (±α-Pinene) in the leaf-oil of conifers (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 24-26 
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    Influence of the stemflow on the depth distribution of radiocesium in the soil under a beech stand (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 23-24 
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    Mineralization kinetics and utilization as an N source of dicyandiamide (DCD) in soil (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 26-27 
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    3,7,7-trimethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene in volatiles of female mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 27-28 
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    A flowchart of processes responsible for the gravitropism, nutation and other growth movements of roots (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 34-37 
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    Mutual exclusion as a mechanism for information exchange within ant nests (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 32-34 
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    Ecdysone: An inhibitor of receptivity in the moth,Heliothis virescens? (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 29-31 
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    Intergeneric transmission of a marine plant DNA virus (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 37-39 
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    Buchbesprechungen (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 42-45 
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    Real-time detection and analysis of the exploratory behavior of small animals (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 39-42 
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    Naturwissenschaften aktuell (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 46-48 
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    Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. A5 
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    Fließgewässergefährdung durch Insektizide (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 437-442 
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    Experimente zum Quantenchaos (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 443-449 
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    Hydratkomplexe in wäßrigen Tensidsystemen (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 450-456 
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    Die Problematik der Gülledüngung in der Landwirtschaft (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 457-461 
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    Cochlea size in extant chiroptera and middle eocene microchiropterans from messel (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 462-466 
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    The hydrazinium ion coordinating trivalent rhenium in (NH4)0.5 (H2O)0.5[Re3Cl10(N2H5)Cl0.5(H2O)0.5] · 3H2O (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 466-467 
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    Direction-selective neurons with tonic and phasic response profiles contribute to the optokinetic system ofApis mellifera (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 467-470 
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    Coexistence and dominance among queens and mated workers in the antPachycondyla tridentata (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 470-472 
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    Seasonal changes in adult mammalian brain weight (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 474-476 
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    The antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 reverses the wasting syndrome in newborn rats (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 472-473 
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    Evidence for lecithotrophic viviparity in the living coelacanth (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 476-479 
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    A universal constant in temporal segmentation of human speech (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 479-480 
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    Buchbesprechungen (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 480-481 
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    Naturwissenschaften aktuell (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 482-484 
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    Natur als Kulturaufgabe (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 489-491 
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    Ökologische Probleme im kulturellen Wandel (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 485-488 
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    Die Vegetation des Mount Kenya (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 492-498 
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    Molekularbiologische Methoden in der Diagnose tropischer Parasitosen (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 499-508 
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    Sulfur isotopes in the mantle (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 511-512 
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    Bernalite : a new ferric hydroxide with perovskite structure (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 509-511 
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    In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance at 4.7 tesla (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 512-516 
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    Olfactory recognition of a trimethylsilylcarbamate as a carboxylic acid (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 517-518 
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    Identification ofAnomala schonfeldti sex pheromone by high-resolution gc-behavior bioassay (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 518-519 
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    Gorging response of the mosquito,Culex univittatus, to adenine nucleotides (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 519-520 
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    Chemical defense in chrysomelid leaf beetles (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 521-523 
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    Pheromonal and ovarial development covary in cape worker honeybees,apis meffera capensis (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 523-524 
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    The genetics of social behavior in a polygynous ant (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 525-527 
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    Fine structure and growth of the polarization-sensitive dorsal rim area in the compound eye of larval crickets (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 527-529 
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    Naturwissenschaften aktuell (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 530-532 
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    Die wiederbesiedlung des stroms und die ausbreitung der neozoen (1992)
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    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 533-540 
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    Notes: Abstract Recently the fauna of the River Rhine (macrozoobenthos) has recovered, but the species composition has changed. Some formerly extinct species have returned, but new species, introduced from other regions, have successfully invaded the stream. These neozoans, mainly bivalves and crustaceans, obviously tolerate the changed conditions and the remaining pollution better than most of the original stream species
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    „Pflegeloses Pflanzendach”" Neue Lebensräume in Städten (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 560-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131412
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  • 97
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    Neues vom Ontong-Java-Plateau (Westpazifik) (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 541-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract For the investigation of climatic history for the last 65 million years, several holes were drilled in 1990 on the Ontong Java Plateau by the drilling vessel Joides Resolution, under the auspices of the international Ocean Drilling Program. The Ontong Java Plateau is the largest basalt plateau on earth, and was formed in the Middle Cretaceous. From the core material, seismic reflectors from the overlying sediments can be associated with specific, climate-related oceanic events. For the cyclic sediments of the last 2 million years, high-resolution isotope curves were generated which depict the two dominant Milankovitch cycles with periods of 100 000 and 41000 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131410
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of electromagnetic interaction with cellular systems (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract The question of how electromagnetic fields - static or low to high frequency - interact with biological systems is of great interest. The current discussion among biologists, chemists, and physicists emphasizes aspects of experimental verification and of defining microscopic and macroscopic mechanisms. Both aspects are reviewed here. We emphasize that in certain situationsnonthermal interactions of electromagnetic fields occur with cellular systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131411
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanoreceptive properties of caterpillar hairs involved in mediation of butterfly-ant symbioses (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 561-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131413
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Neurotransmitters involved in movement detection in the visual system of an arthropod (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131414
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