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  • Articles  (8)
  • Stochastic analysis  (3)
  • congestion pricing  (3)
  • NE Germany  (2)
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Elsevier
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1995  (8)
  • 1990
  • 1969
  • 1953
  • 1950
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Elsevier
Years
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagrammatic solutions for hydraulic head moments in 1-D and 2-D bounded domains (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 269-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic analysis ; diagrams ; groundwater flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present a diagrammatic method for solving stochastic 1-D and 2-D steady-state flow equations in bounded domains. The diagrammatic method results in explicit solutions for the moments of the hydraulic head. This avoids certain numerical constraints encountered in realization-based methods. The diagrammatic technique also allows for the consideration of finite domains or large fluctuations, and is not restricted by distributional assumptions. The results of the method for 1-D and 2-D finite domains are compared with those obtained through a realization-based approach. Mean and variance of head are well reproduced for all log-conductivity variances inputted, including those larger than one. The diagrammatic results also compare favorably to hydraulic head moments derived by standard analytic methods requiring a linearized form of the flow equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581729
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis of multiphase flow in porous media: 1. Spectral/perturbation approach (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 239-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic analysis ; multiphase flow ; porous media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Stochastic analysis of steady-state multiphase (water, oil, and air) flow in heterogeneous porous media was performed using the perturbation theory and spectral representation techniques. The gas phase is assumed to have constant pressure. The governing equations describing the flow of oil and water are coupled and nonlinear. The key stochastic input variables are intrinsic permeability,k, and the soil grain size distribution index, α. Three different stochastic combinations of these two input parameters were considered. The perturbation/spectral analysis was used to develop closed-form expressions that describe stochastic variability of key output processes, such as capillary and individual phase pressures and specific discharges. The analysis also included the derivation of the mean flow equations and estimation of the effective flow properties. The impact of the spatial variability ofk and α on the effective conductivities and the variances of pressures and specific discharges was examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581722
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis of unsaturated transport in soils with fractal log-conductivity distribution (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 297-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic analysis ; unsaturated transport ; fractals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Within the framework of stochastic theory and the spectral perturbation techniques, three-dimensional dispersion in partially saturated soils with fractal log hydraulic conductivity distribution is analyzed. Our analysis is focused on the impact of fractal dimension of log hydraulic conductivity distribution, local dispersivity, and unsaturated flow parameters, such as the soil poresize distribution parameter and the moisture distribution parameter, on the spreading behavior of solute plume and the concentration variance. Approximate analytical solutions to the stochastic partial differential equations are derived for the variance of asymptotic solute concentration and asymptotic macrodispersivities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581730
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bridge and tunnel toll elasticities in New York (1995)
    Springer
    Transportation 22 (1995), S. 97-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: congestion pricing ; elasticity ; New York City ; road pricing ; tolls ; travel demand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract In 1992, the authors carried out a statistical analysis of Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) crossings in New York City, to determine the impact of toll increases on traffic volumes and revenue. Using twelve years of monthly time-series data, we developed a set of multiple regression models that estimated traffic volumes on each TBTA bridge and tunnel as a function of the toll level and other explanatory variables. In most cases, the estimated toll elasticities were negative and much less than 1.0 in absolute value; the median toll elasticity for automobiles was found to be −0.10. Our finding that automobile travel demand is highly inelastic with respect to toll rates is consistent with most previous travel demand studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099434
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urban highway congestion (1995)
    Springer
    Transportation 22 (1995), S. 353-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: congestion pricing ; road pricing ; route choice ; second-best road pricing ; urban travel demand management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This article examines urban highway congestion pricing in the instance in which it is not possible to levy a congestion toll on a major portion of the urban road system. This case is pertinent because of technical and/or political constraints. The article uses economic theory and numerical examples to show that the optimum second-best toll can vary appreciably from the optimal tolls in a regime in which efficient tolls can be imposed on all routes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01098164
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congestion relief toll tunnels (1995)
    Springer
    Transportation 22 (1995), S. 327-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: congestion ; congestion pricing ; tolls ; tunnels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Changing urban land-use patterns have reduced the importance of traditional downtowns as the origin and destination of numerous vehicular trips. Much traffic on downtown-area freeways seeks merely to get past downtown, thereby worsening the level of congestion for those seeking access to downtown. A number of European cities have begun to develop a new type of transportation facility: congestion-relief toll tunnels in downtown areas. These projects appear to be economically feasible largely or entirely from premium-price tolls paid by users. Hence, they are being developed by private consortia, operating under long-term franchises from government. Other keys to the feasibility of such projects are peak/off-peak pricing structures (congestion pricing), nonstop electronic toll collection, and restriction of use to auto-size vehicles only (to reduce tunnel dimensions and therefore capital investment). Preliminary analysis indicates that congestion-telief bypass runnels for downtown Los Angeles and San Francisco would be economically feasible as private business ventures, if developed along European lines. Similar approaches might be applied to other controversial freeway projects in both cities, and to restructuring Boston's huge and controversial Central Artery/Tunnel project. Congress has already authorized public-private partnerships of this type, permitting private capital and private owner/operation to be used, both for new projects and to rebuild existing highway, bridge, and tunnel facilities. Six states and Puerto Rico have enacted private-tollway legislation under which such projects could be developed and operated. This type of project should be politically feasible, since it offers a way to make significant transportation improvements in impacted downtowns with little or no public funding. While transit proponents may oppose the construction of toll tunnels, highway users are likely to support such projects, and some environmental groups may support this method of implementing congestion pricing in urban areas, because of its potential for reducing air emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01098163
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caledonian terranes along the southwestern border of the East European platform — Evidence, speculation and open questions (1995)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 39 (1995), S. 241-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: Lower Palaeozoic ; southern North Sea ; NE Germany ; Poland ; East Avalonia ; Baltica ; Caledonian accretion ; Caledonian deformation front
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary According to the terrane model used for the interpretation of the heterogeneities in the Lower Palaeozoic development along the southwestern border of the East European platform (Baltica) several suspect terranes have been accreted to the passive platform margin during the closure of the postulated Tornquist Sea in Ordovician and Silurian times. Their final docking and partly overthrusting onto the platform are of Scandian (Early Devonian) age. A matter of dispute is the provenance of the various terranes. There are lithofacies, structural, palaeobiogeographical and palaeomagnetic constraints for relations both to Baltica and East Avalonia. Specific similarities can be observed between the Southern Jylland, Pomerania, Łysogóry (including Radom-Krasńik), and Rawa Russkaja terranes. After their accretion and amalgamation they may form a more or less continuous Caledonian marginal thrust belt along the platform border. On the other hand, more significant differences exist between the latter and the so far recognized Southern North Sea, Małopolska, Cracovides, Upper Silesian, Sudeten, Kochanowka, and Dobrogean terranes. The position of any Tornquist Sea suture zone(s) is still completely enigmatic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02295815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Devonian of the isle of Rügen (1995)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 39 (1995), S. 298-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: NE Germany ; boreholes ; stratigraphy ; lithofacies ; biofacies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary In the Rügen area of northern Germany, Old Red Sandstones, ranging from Late Emsian to Givetian in age, unconformably overlie deformed Ordovician strata. The Middle Devonian Old Red passes conformably up into a Late Devonian carbonate facies and then into the Lower Carboniferous, apparently without a break.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02295822
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