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  • Articles  (2,473)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949  (2,473)
  • 1948  (2,473)
  • Geosciences  (2,473)
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  • Articles  (2,473)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949  (2,473)
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOLAR HYDROGEN CONVECTION AND ORIGINS OF THE ULTRAVIOLET STIMULUS FOR COMETARY AND TERRESTRIAL SPECTRA AND THE LOWER IONOSPHERE (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Eddington's theory, that Lyman radiation is liberated at the top of Unsöld's convection zone and can reach the photosphere in excess of the Planck distribution, is investigated by calculating the continuum between 600 A. and 900 A. in an electron capture spectrum by Cillié's methods. Some conditions are specified for deciding whether such radiation can escape from the Sun and supply the excess ultra-violet demanded by cometary spectra in CO+ and N2+ and the several likely excitations in the D region of the ionosphere accompanying solar flares. In particular the optical depth, of the electron captures decides the extent to which the radiation becomes redistributed into a Planck spectrum, and this will fluctuate during certain solar disturbances; the resulting changes in extreme ultra-violet distribution are large compared with change in total energy output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02944.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS” IN THE GREENWICH MAGNETIC RECORDS (1879-1944) AND RELATED SUNSPOT DATA (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Part I: Statistics of “sudden commencements” -their average amplitude, direction of impulse, hourly and monthly frequencies-are derived from 681 cases identified on the Greenwich magnetograms over six sunspot cycles. Besides SCs that mark the onset of many geomagnetic storms, there are frequent cases in which no appreciable disturbance follows. About half of all SCs have a small preliminary impulse (lasting about half a minute) in opposition to the main impulse, most commonly of three minutes' duration. The presence of this preliminary impulse seems subject to some diurnal effect.Both diurnal and seasonal effects appear in SC frequency occurrence. An unexpected result is a marked minimum around 8h-9h. SCs that do occur then are usually inverted (the normal main stroke is +ΔH, +ΔV and - ΔD). Details are tabulated for every SC recorded at Abinger from 1938 November to 1944 December for comparison elsewhere.Part II: SC occurrence inrelation to the sunspot cycle and to individual sunspots is investigated. Each of the four groups into which the data were divided gives a frequency curve similar to the mean sunspot curve. In this respect, small geomagnetic storms with no SC onset have a different distribution within the sunspot cycle. A marked tendency for SCs followed by storms to occur when big spots are about one day past the central meridian accords with a well-known relationship between the larger magnetic storms and the bigger sunspots. The association of SCs not followed by disturbance with respect to big sunspots appears largely fortuitous, but some effect from spots nearing the western limb should not be ruled out.An addendum gives the results of a sample comparison of SC pulses and other minor movements on the Abinger and Lerwick magnetograms. SCs as recorded at the two stations are very similar, but ΔV at Lerwick is normally negative. During inactive periods a remarkable similarity of very small detail is noted between these two stations which are over 600 miles apart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02933.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE FIGURE OF THE EARTH (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A purely numerical method has been devised for the treatment of Darwin and de Sitter's theory of the figure of a rotating earth in hydrostatic equilibrium. This has been applied to the density distribution suggested by Bullen.De Sitter's numerical constants λ1, and K1 are found to have the values λ1=0.00016±0.00018, K1= 68 × 10-8.The ellipticity, on the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium, is found to be ∈–1=297.338 ± 0.050.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02934.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ROCKS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Measurements of the electrical conductivity of rocks at high temperatures are described. It is shown that the conductivity increases with the temperature, T, approximately as exp (–∈/KT). The theoretical implications of this and the bearing on the conductivity within the Earth are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02935.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GEOMAGNETIC “CROCHET” OCCURRENCE AT ABINGER, 1936-46, AND ALLIED SOLAR AND RADIO DATA (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The rather infrequent occurrence at Abinger of geomagnetic “crochets” (ultra-violet solar radiation effect) has been studied over 11 years, in conjunction with data of solar flares and radio fade-outs. The trace movements in H, D and V of 23 examples are reproduced, in addition to tabulated data for these and for 32 other cases of less certain identification. The general synchronization of flare, fade-out and crochet (when present) is noteworthy. Comparison is made of the amplitude λH and direction λD of the crochets with the normal diurnal inequality of H and D. A striking feature is the change in direction from East to West in D at about 10h.7 apparent solar time, in conformity with the diurnal inequality in D. The correlation with the diurnal inequality in H is less obvious, but λH is of the correct sign (negative) over the range of daylight hours in which crochets occurred. There are indications of other diurnal and seasonal factors (other than a simple dependence upon the Sun's zenith distance) in the occurrence of crochets at Abinger. Some crochets in 1946 have synchronized with reported bursts of “solar noise”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02936.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ORIGIN OF THE NIGHT SKY LIGHT (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Theories of the origin of the night sky light are discussed. It is pointed out that evidence from the absolute intensity, the altitude, the space and time variations, the correlations with magnetic activity, and the particular lines and bands appearing in the spectrum, indicates that the emission is not solely connected with the potential energy associated with the region of dissociated oxygen or with the ionized layers but partly arises from incident charged particles (such as produce aurorae). The suggestion is made that it is the action of the Störmer current that allows these particles to approach sufficiently close to the Earth at low latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02937.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOLAR RADIO NOISE OF 200 MC/S., AND ITS RELATlON TO SOLAR OBSERVATIONS (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The solar radio-noise observing programme on Mount Stromlo is described. Daily means of (a) steady flux, and (b) number of bursts per hour have been plotted against sunspot and geomagnetic data. Both flux level and burst frequency increase during a solar radio-noise storm, and both are closely related to the central meridian passage of sunspots. However, some large sunspot groups do not produce solar noise. No close relation has been, found between the emission from the Sun of (a) radio noise, and (b) those particles which produce geomagnetic storms.No close correlation has been found between short period radio-noise phenomena and solar observations, but there are occasional outbursts of solar noise accompanying the commencements of flares. It is suggested that the noise source is located rather high in the corona. The observation of a noise outburst caused by a flare 37° from the main spot group can be explained if the source is more than 120,000ms. above the Sun's surface. Physical arguments lead to a similar height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02938.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE SECULAR CHANGE IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The hypothesis that the secular change in the magnetic field of the Earth is due to electric currents induced in the material of the core by its movement through the general magnetic field of the Earth is examined. Detailed calculations are made for the focus of rapid change in South Africa. It is shown that many of the observed facts can be accounted for by a circular motion with a diameter of a few hundred kilometres situated near the surface of the core. To get numerical agreement the field at the core has to be assumed larger than seems probable. The magnetic axis of the eddy is approximately horizontal and points N. 45° W.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02940.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE FIGURES OF THE EARTH AND MOON (Third Paper) (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The paper consists of a general adjustment of the data relevant to the radius and ellipticity of the Earth, the lunar parallax and the differences of the moments of inertia of the Moon. The anomalies of gravity recently found to persist over distances of 10° and 30° imply similar anomalies in the deflexion of the vertical and provide a means of estimating the additional uncertainty that they introduce. When this is taken into account it is found that the data are satisfactorily consistent. Attempts are made to find additional checks on the existence of the anomalies of gravity represented by harmonics of degrees 2 and 3 other than the main ellipticity term, but they are indecisive, and the final solution is a compromise between solutions with and without them. The chief changes from current values are a reduction of the Earth's equatorial radius from 6371.388 km. to 6371-099±0.116 km. (s. e.) and the value of g at Potsdam from 981.274 gals, to 981-2606±0-0010 gal.; owing to recent work by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company the British stations are now strongly connected with the new determination of the absolute value of g at Teddington. The change in the equatorial radius is due to the use of free-air instead of isostatic reductions; reasons are given why the latter may have introduced a systematic error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02939.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED BY EARTH CURRENTS FLOWING IN AN ESTUARY OR SEA CHANNEL (1948)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 5 (1948), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Records made in the Clyde estuary of fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field, and of simultaneous fluctuations in the horizontal potential gradients in the water, give a clear indication that the fluctuation in vertical intensity are largely due to a varying flow of electric current in the sea.Variations in the Earth current in the English Channel appear to produce appreciable fluctuations in vertical intensity at the magnetic observatory at abinger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1948.tb02941.x
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