ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION The evaporite deposits of the Werra district, especially in the Hattorf mining field, are considered a worldwide unique location for the occurence of numerous basalt dikes and magmatic fluid phases fixed in salt rocks. In spite of the great number of studies dealing with the magmatites in the Werra region, previous investigations have rarely attempted more than a predominantly 'qualitative' description of the basaltic rocks and the effects of volcanism on the evaporites (see Chapter 2). The method of interpreting the mineralogical and chemical composition of the evaporites at the basalt contact is based on previous works (KNIPPING 1984; KNIPPING & HERRMANN 1985). This study should contribute to understanding (i) the mechanism of intrusion of the basaltic rnelts and (ii) the metamorphic processes occurring in the evaporites caused by mobile phases during volcanism. Hence, the following methods were applied: The mineralogical and chemical description of the basaltic rocks with recent nomenclature including the possible differences between individual dikes and between surface- and subsurface-exposed basalts. Seven surface and 48 subsurface exposures at the Hattorf mine of Kali & Salz AG were studied. Application of the most recent knowledge on basalt genesis for interpreting observational and experimental results. Studies on the sulfur and carbon isotope distributions of the native sulfur from several subsurface exposures and the enrichments of gases (predominantly CO2) in the evaporites. Calculation of the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in the evaporite rocks following intrusion of the basaltic melts. For purposes of clarity a few of the terms which will be used frequently here will first be defined: basalt - all of the intrusive rocks studied can be assigned mineralogically and chemically to the basalt family in a broader sense. Thus, the terms basaltic rock or, in short, basalt will be used for these rocks. rock salt - instead of the term salt for halitic rocks the term rock salt is used. Besides, the evaporites are generally designated as host rocks (for the basalt dikes) as well. gases - especially in the German literature the term carbon dioxide or carbonic acid (= Kohlensäure) is frequently used for the gases enclosed in the evaporites of the Werra-Fulda district. ACKERMANN et al (1964) found, in addition to carbon dioxide, considerable amounts of nitrogen and minor amounts of methane. In the following therefore the terms gas mixture or gas will be used. The various basalt dikes found in the Hattorf mining field are described here in terms of their mineralogy and geochemistry for the first time. In doing so it is necessary to number them from east to west. To avoid confusion with older numerations (e.g. SIEMENS 1971) the various dike systems are designated by capital letters (A to P).

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Our planet is evolving and changing; its surface is capable of unleashing great violence as its crust is created and destroyed. Quite remarkably, it has been only recently that the fundamental elements of this evolution were fully appreciated, and only within the last decade have there been technologies capable of directly meastLring the global motions of the Earth's crust which are one of the most visible manifestations of these processes. Before the advent of space technologies, the nature of contemporary global plate motions went largely unobserved. These motions were understood from the geological records, and plate rates for million year averages were established_ Fortunately, the revolution in geophysics brought about by the general acceptance of plate tectonic theory has been paralleled by significant advances in space geodesy oceanography and geophysics. New space technologies have rapidly matured, yielding new insights and capabilities for more completely understanding the dynamical properties of the Earth, its oceans and atmosphere. Likewise, the evolving earth sciences capabilities from space are fostering new questions and goals made possible through the creative exploitation of satellite missions. A workshop entitled "The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy" was held in Erice, Italy, on the island of Sicily on July 23-29, 1988, to discuss the directions and challenges of space geodeys for the decades to come. This international gathering was made possible by the E. Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture int he framework of tis International School of Geodesy. The workshop was sponsored by the Italian Ministry of education, the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research, the Sicilian Regional Government, the Italian National Institute of Geophysics, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States. This volume is the result of the dedicated effort undertaken by an international group of scientists and administrators who have contemplated the challenge of the future of space-based earth science for the next decade. Recognizing the need for defining new milestones both in science and technology, they have developed a detailed report of what could be achieved and what challenges remain after twenty fertile years of space exploration...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE In a densily populated industrialized country, waste disposal must be compatible with the requirements of the environment. This is one of the indispensable requirements to guarantee an effective protection of the environment. In the past years the waste disposal industry has been given increasing attention by the general public as well as the authorities. This confirms the necessity of adapting the quality of waste disposal to the technological standard of the production. While in the past, waste disposal performance was more or less evaluated in terms of short-term costs, there is at present a reorientation in the direction of a science-based waste disposal industry. These new tendencies are taking into account ecological factors as well as the long-term consequences - i.e., for decades and centuries to come - of waste disposal methods. In this light, particular attention is given to the depositing of residues whose utilization does not appear meaningful from an ecological point of view, or would require disproportionate ressources. It is an important concern of the Federal Authorities to encourage the rapid materialization of disposal solutions which can function as ultimate deposits, and which will therefore cause neither water pollution nor gaseous emissions. In view of this goal it is necessary to establish criteria and regulations for the wastes to be deposited as well as for the characteristics of the deposits. This field confronts science with an urgent but rewarding challenge and calls for close collaboration between many different specialized disciplines...

Description / Table of Contents: This book is the collection of the Lecture Notes of an International Summer School of Theoretical Geodesy held in Assisi (Italy) from May 23 to June 3 -1988.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES --- Architectural Elements and Bounding Surfaces in Channelized Clastic Deposits: Notes on Comparisons between Fluvial and Turbidite Systems / A. D. MIALL / pp. 3-15 --- A Simulation of Basin Margin Sedimentation to Infer Geometry and Lithofacies—A Carbonate Example— / K. NAKAYAMA and C. G. St. C. KENDALL / pp. 17-31 --- Gravel Fabric of Clast-Supported Resedimented Conglomerate / K. YAGISHITA / pp. 33-42 --- Magnetic Fabrics and Depositional Processes / A. TAIRA / pp. 43-77 --- Chapter 2: FLUVIAL TO COASTAL FACIES --- Sedimentation in Coarse-Grained Sand-Bedded Meanders: Distinctive Deposition of Suspended Sediment / F. ISEYA and H. IKEDA / pp. 81-112 --- Mechanism of Inverse Grading of Suspended Load Deposits / F. ISEYA / pp. 113-129 --- Coastal Eolian Dune Deposits of the Pleistocene Shimosa Group in Chiba, Japan / H. NAKAZATO, H. SATO, and F. MASUDA / pp. 131-141 --- Synsedimentary Conjugate Faults in the Pleistocene Tidal Deposits at Ushibori, Ibaraki, Japan / H. AONO and F. MASUDA / pp. 143-149 --- Description and Genesis of Tidal Bedding in the Cobequid Bay-Salmon River Estuary, Bay of Fundy, Canada / R. W. DALRYMPLE and Y. MAKINO / pp. 151-177 --- Petrofacies of Paleo-Tokyo Bay Sands, the Upper Pleistocene of Central Honshu, Japan / M.ITO and F.MASUDA / pp. 179-196 --- Faunal Condensation in Early Phases of Glacio-Eustatic Sea-Level Rise, Found in the Middle to Late Pleistocene Shimosa Group, Boso Peninsula, Central Japan / Y. KONDO / pp. 197-212 --- Chapter 3: SHALLOW MARINE FACIES --- Sedimentology and History of Sea Level Changes in the East China Sea and Adjacent Seas / B.-C. SUK / pp. 215-231 --- Sediments and Sedimentary Processes in the Yellow and East China Seas / J. D. MILLIMAN, Y. S. QIN, and Y. A. PARK / pp. 233-249 --- Bedforms and Their Migration Patterns in the Southern Bungo Strait, Japan / K. IKEHARA and Y. KIN05HITA / pp. 251-260 --- The Kuroshio-Generated Bedform System in the Osumi Strait, Southern Kyushu, Japan / K. IKEHARA / pp. 261-273 --- Ocean Current-Controlled Sedimentary Facies of the Pleistocene Ichijiku Formation, Kazusa Group, Boso Peninsula, Japan / N. NAKAYAMA and F. MASUDA / pp. 275-293 --- Multi-Layered Progradational Sequences in the Shelf and Shelf Slope of the Southwest Japan Forearc / Y. OKAMURA / pp. 295-318 --- Storm-Built Sand Ridges on the Inner Shelf of Kashima-Nada, Northeast Japan / Y. SAITO / pp. 319-330 --- Storm Deposits in the Inner Shelf and Their Recurrence Intervals, Sendai Bay, Northeast Japan / Modern Y. SAITO / pp. 331-344 --- Sea-Level Controlled Shallow-Marine Systems in the Plio-Pleistocene Kakegawa Group, Shizuoka, Central Honshu, Japan: Comparison of Transgressive and Regressive Phases / M. ISHIBASHI / pp. 345-363 --- Coarse Clastic Sedimentation in the Triassic Offshore Sequence of the South- eastern Kitakami Mountains, Japan / K. KAMADA / pp. 365-375 --- Depositional Facies of the Viséan (Carboniferous) Limestones in the South Kitakami Terrane, Northeast Japan / T. KAWAMURA / pp. 377-391 --- Chapter 4: SLOPE TO DEEP-WATER FACIES --- Depositional Scheme of Neogene Bedded Siliceous Rocks in an Active Upwelling Area-On the Wakkanai Formation, Northern Hokkaido, Japan / H. FUKUSAWA / pp. 395-419 --- Turbidites and Related Clastic Systems in the Tertiary Chichibu Basin, Central Japan / K. M. LATT / pp. 421-438 --- Two Stages of Submarine Fan Sedimentation in an Ancient Forearc Basin, Central Japan / S. TOKUHASHI / pp. 439-468 --- Synsedimentary Folding of a Sandstone Layer: Paleoslope Deduced from the Folding Process / M. FUSEYA / pp. 469-481 --- Miocene Offshore Tractive Current-Worked Conglomerates—Tsubutegaura, Chita Peninsula, Central Japan— / T. YAMAZAKI, M. YAMAOKA, and T. SHIKI / pp. 483-494 --- Coarse Clast Dominant Submarine Debrite, the Mio-Pliocene Fujikawa Group, Central Japan / W. SOH / pp. 495-510 --- Basal Structures of the Pleistocene Chikura Submarine Sliding Sheet in the Southernmost Boso Peninsula, Central Japan / T. ITO and S. SUGIYAMA / pp. 511-528 --- Topography and Sedimentary Facies of the Nankai Deep Sea Channel / K. SHIMAMURA / pp. 529-556 --- Ancient Trench-Fill and Trench-Slope Basin Deposits: An Example from the Permian Nishiki Group, Southwest Japan / A. HARA and K. KIMINAMI / pp. 557-575 --- Tectono-Sedimentary Settings of Seep Biological Communities—A Synthesis from the Japanese Subduction Zones— / K. FUJIOKA and A. TAIRA / pp. 577-602 --- Chapter 5: VOLCANIC FACIES --- Sedimentary Facies of the Mio-Pliocene Volcanotectonic Depressions along the Volcanic Front in Northeast Honshu, Japan / M. UTADA and T. ITO / pp. 605-618 --- Submarine Depositional Processes for Volcaniclastic Sediments in the Mio- Pliocene Misaki Formation, Miura Group, Central Japan / W. SOH, A. TAIRA, Y. OGAWA, H. TANIGUCHI, K. T. PICKERING, and D. A. V. STOW / pp. 619-630 --- Chapter 6: TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION --- Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene Kuji Basin of Northeast Japan: Tectonic Controls on Strike-Slip Basin Sedimentation / K. MINOURA and H. YAMAUCHI / pp. 633-658 --- The Itsukaichimachi Group: A Middle Miocene Strike-Slip Basin-Fill in the Southeastern Margin of the Kanto Mountains, Central Honshu, Japan / M. ITO / pp. 659-673 --- Structural Control on Sedimentation of Coal-Bearing Formations in Japan / K. FUJII / pp. 675-688 --- Coarse-Grained Turbidite Sedimentation Resulting from the Miocene Collision Event in Central Hokkaido, Japan / K. HOYANAGI / pp. 689-709 --- Eocene Foreland Thrust-Fold Belt of the Central Ryukyu Island Arc: Deduced from Sedimentary Structures in the Kayo Formation / H. UJIIE / pp. 711-722 --- Rifting of the Gondwanaland and Uplifting of the Himalayas Recorded in Mesozoic and Tertiary Fluvial Sediments in the Nepal Himalayas / H. SAKAI / pp. 723-732