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  • Springer Nature  (8,615)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (8,297)
  • American Physical Society  (2,663)
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  • 2015-2019
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  • 1
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    Exploring Employee Perceptions towards Smart Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Comparative Analysis of Two Italian Public Research Organizations (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Of all the socio-economic changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the disruption to workforce organizations will probably leave the largest indelible mark. The way work will be organized in the future will be closely linked to the experience of work-ing under the same institution’s response to the pandemic. This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge about smart working (SW) in public organizations, with a focus on the experience of the employees of two Italian research organizations, CNR and INGV. Analysing primary data, it explored and assessed how SW had been experi-enced following the implementation of governmental measures aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19
    Description: Published
    Description: 815–833
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Combining audio and visual displays to highlight temporal and spatial seismic patterns (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Data visualization, and to a lesser extent data sonification, are classic tools to the scientific community. However, these two approaches are very rarely combined, although they are highly complementary: our visual system is good at recognizing spatial patterns, whereas our auditory system is better tuned for temporal patterns. In this article, data representation methods are proposed that combine visualization, sonification, and spatial audio techniques, in order to optimize the user’s perception of spatial and temporal patterns in a single display, to increase the feeling of immersion, and to take advantage of multimodal integration mechanisms. Three seismic data sets are used to illustrate the methods, covering different physical phenomena, time scales, spatial distributions, and spatio-temporal dynamics. The methods are adapted to the specificities of each data set, and to the amount of information that the designer wants to display. This leads to further developments, namely the use of audification with two time scales, the switch from pure audification to time-modulated noise, and the switch from pure audification to sonic icons. First user feedback from live demonstrations indicates that the methods presented in this article seem to enhance the perception of spatio-temporal patterns, which is a key parameter to the understanding of seismically active systems, and a step towards apprehending the processes that drive this activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125–142
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Short-term clustering modeling of seismicity in Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece): a retrospective forecast test of the 2017 Mw = 6.4 Lesvos, 2017 Mw = 6.6 Kos and 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos earthquake sequences (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-03
    Description: Short-term earthquake clustering properties in the Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece) area investigated through the application of an epidemic type stochastic model (Epidemic Type Earthquake Sequence; ETES). The computations are performed in an earthquake catalog covering the period 2008 to 2020 and including 2332 events with a completeness threshold of Mc = 3.1 and separated into two subcatalogs. The first subcatalog is employed for the learning period, which is between 2008/01/01 and 2016/12/31 (N = 1197 earthquakes), and used for the model’s parameters estimation. The second subcatalog from 2017/01/01 to 2020/11/10 (1135 earthquakes), in which the sequences of 2017 Mw = 6.4 Lesvos, 2017 Mw = 6.6 Kos and 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos main shocks are included, and used for a retrospective forecast testing based on the constructed model. The estimated model parameters imply a swarm like behavior, indicating the ability of earthquakes of small to moderate magnitude above Mc to produce their own offsprings, along with the stronger earthquakes. The retrospective evaluation of the model is examined in the three aftershock sequences, where lack of foreshocks resulted in low predictability of the mainshocks, with estimated daily probabilities around 10– 5. Immediately after the mainshocks occurrence the model adjusts with notable resemblance between the expected and observed aftershock rates, particularly for earthquakes with M ≥ 3.5.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1085–1099
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 4
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    Simulation of non-stationary stochastic ground motions based on recent Italian earthquakes (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: This work presents an up-to-date model for the simulation of non-stationary ground motions, including several novelties compared to the original study of Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996). The selection of the input motion in the framework of earthquake engineering has become progressively more important with the growing use of nonlinear dynamic analyses. Regardless of the increasing availability of large strong motion databases, ground motion records are not always available for a given earthquake scenario and site condition, requiring the adoption of simulated time series. Among the different techniques for the generation of ground motion records, we focused on the methods based on stochastic simulations, considering the time- frequency decomposition of the seismic ground motion. We updated the non-stationary stochastic model initially developed in Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996) and later modified by Pousse et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 96:2103–2117, 2006) and Laurendeau et al. (Nonstationary stochastic simulation of strong ground-motion time histories: application to the Japanese database. 15 WCEE Lisbon, 2012). The model is based on the S-transform that implicitly considers both the amplitude and frequency modulation. The four model parameters required for the simulation are: Arias intensity, significant duration, central frequency, and frequency bandwidth. They were obtained from an empirical ground motion model calibrated using the accelerometric records included in the updated Italian strong-motion database ITACA. The simulated accelerograms show a good match with the ground motion model prediction of several amplitude and frequency measures, such as Arias intensity, peak acceleration, peak velocity, Fourier spectra, and response spectra.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3287–3315
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 5
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    Insights on the Italian Seismic Network from location uncertainties (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Probabilistic earthquake locations provide confidence intervals for the hypocentre solutions such as errors encountered in the position, the origin time, and in magnitude. If the relationship of the parameters relative to the local arrangement of the seismic network is considered, such as the node distance, the number of stations, the seismic gap, and the quality of phase readings), the uncertainties can then provide insights on the location capability of the network. In this paper, we collect the earthquake data recorded from the Italian Seismic Network for a time span of 5 years. The data pertain to three different catalogues according to the progressive refinement phases of the location procedure: automatic location, revised location, and published location. By means of spatial analysis,we assess the distribution of the location-related and network-related estimators across the study area. These estimators are subsequently combined to assess the existence of spatial correlations at a local scale. The results indicate that the Italian network is generally able to provide robust locations at the national scale and for smaller earthquakes, and the elongated shape of Italy (and of its network) does not cause systematic bias in the locations. However, we highlight the existence of subregions in which the performance of the network is weaker. At present, a unique 2D, 3-layer velocity model is used for the earthquake location procedure, and this could represent the main limitation for the improvement of the locations. Therefore, the assessment of locally optimized velocity models is the priority for the homogenization and the improvement of the Italian Seismic Network performance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1061–1076
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 6
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    New trenching results along the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey): an integration with preexisting data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: This paper provides a new contribution to the construction of the complex and fragmentary mosaic of the Late Holocene earthquakes history of the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (CNAF) in Turkey. The CNAF clearly displays lower dextral slip rates with respect to the northern strand however, surface rupturing and large damaging earthquakes (M 〉 7) occurred in the past, leaving clear signatures in the built and natural environments. The association of these historical events to specific earthquake sources (e.g., Gemlik, İznik, or Geyve fault segments) is still a matter of debate. We excavated two trenches across the İznik fault trace near Mustafali, a village about 10 km WSW of İznik where the morphological fault scarp was visible although modified by agricultural activities. Radiocarbon and TL dating on samples collected from the trenches show that the displaced deposits are very recent and span the past 2 millennia at most. Evidence for four surface faulting events was found in the Mustafali trenches. The integration of these results with historical data and previous paleoseismological data yields an updated Late Holocene history of surface-rupturing earthquakes along the İznik Fault in 1855, 740 (715), 362, and 121 CE. Evidence for the large M7 + historical earthquake dated 1419 CE generally attributed to this fault, was not found at any trench site along the İznik fault nor in the subaqueous record. This unfit between paleoseismological, stratigraphic, and historical data highlights one more time the urge for extensive paleoseismological trenching and offshore campaigns because of the high potential to solve the uncertainties on the seismogenic history (age, earthquake location, extent of the rupture and size) of this portion of NAFZ and especially on the attribution of historical earthquakes to the causative fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115–128
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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  • 7
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    Checking the site categorization criteria and amplification factors of the 2021 draft of Eurocode 8 Part 1–1 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: In this paper the site categorization criteria and the corresponding site amplification factors proposed in the 2021 draft of Part 1 of Eurocode 8 (2021-draft, CEN/TC250/SC8 Working Draft N1017) are first introduced and compared with the current version of Eurocode 8, as well as with site amplification factors from recent empirical ground motion prediction equations. Afterwards, these values are checked by two approaches. First, a wide dataset of strong motion records is built, where recording stations are classified according to 2021-draft, and the spectral amplifications are empirically estimated computing the site-to-site residuals from regional and global ground motion models for reference rock conditions. Second, a comprehensive parametric numerical study of one-dimensional (1D) site amplification is carried out, based on randomly generated shear-wave velocity profiles, classified according to the new criteria. A reasonably good agreement is found by both approaches. The most relevant discrepancies occur for the shallow soft soil conditions (soil category E) that, owing to the complex interaction of shear wave velocity, soil deposit thickness and frequency range of the excitation, show the largest scatter both in terms of records and of 1D numerical simulations. Furthermore, 1D numerical simulations for soft soil conditions tend to provide lower site amplification factors than 2021-draft, as well as lower than the corresponding site-to-site residuals from records, because of higher impact of non-linear (NL) site effects in the simulations. A site-specific study on NL effects at three KiK-net stations with a significantly large amount of high-intensity recorded ground motions gives support to the 2021-draft NL reduction factors, although the very limited number of recording stations allowing such analysis prevents deriving more general implications. In the presence of such controversial arguments, it is reasonable that a standard should adopt a prudent solution, with a limited reduction of the site amplification factors to account for NL soil response, while leaving the possibility to carry out site-specific estimations of such factors when sufficient information is available to model the ground strain dependency of local soil properties.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4199–4234
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 8
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    Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: ShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5391–5414
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 9
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    Automatic inspection and analysis of digital waveform images by means of convolutional neural networks (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Analyzing seismic data to get information about earthquakes has always been a major task for seismologists and, more in general, for geophysicists. Recently, thanks to the technological development of observation systems, more and more data are available to perform such tasks. However, this data “grow up” makes “human possibility” of data processing more complex in terms of required efforts and time demanding. That is why new technological approaches such as artificial intelligence are becoming very popular and more and more exploited. In this paper, we explore the possibility of interpreting seismic waveform segments by means of pre-trained deep learning. More specifically, we apply convolutional networks to seismological waveforms recorded at local or regional distances without any pre-elaboration or filtering. We show that such an approach can be very successful in determining if an earthquake is “included” in the seismic wave image and in estimating the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the recording station.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1347–1359
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Midlatitude climatology of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness over two solar cycles (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-25
    Description: Themain climatological features of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ ) for the Northern hemispheremidlatitudes are analyzed. F2-layer peak electron density values recorded at three midlatitude ionospheric stations (Chilton 51.5° N, 0.6° W, U.K.; Roquetes 40.8° N, 0.5° E, Spain;Wallops Island 37.9° N, 75.5°W, USA) and vertical total electron content values from colocated ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers are used to calculate a dataset of τ values for the last two solar cycles, considering only magnetically quiet periods. Results are presented both as grids of binned medians and as boxplots as a function of local time and month of the year, for different solar activity levels. Corresponding trends are first compared to those output by the midlatitude empirical model developed by Fox et al. (Radio Sci 26:429–438, 1991) and then discussed in the light of what is known so far. From this investigation, the strong need to implement an improved empirical model of τ has emerged. Both Space Weather and Space Geodesy applications might benefit from such model. Therefore, both the dataset and the methodology described in the paper represent a first fundamental step aimed at implementing an empirical climatological model of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness. The study highlighted also that at midlatitudes τ shows the following main patterns: daytime values considerably smaller than nighttime ones (except in summer); well-defined maxima at solar terminator hours; a greater dispersion during nighttime and solar terminator hours; no clear and evident solar activity dependence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 124
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: The eruption of basaltic magmas dominates explosive volcanism on Earth and other planets within the Solar System. The mechanism through which continuous magma fragments into volcanic particles is central in governing eruption dynamics and the ensuing hazards. However, the mechanism of fragmentation of basaltic magmas is still disputed, with both viscous and brittle mechanisms having been proposed. Here we carry out textural analysis of the products of ten eruptions from seven volcanoes by scanning electron microscopy. We find broken crystals surrounded by intact glass that testify to the brittle fragmentation of basaltic magmas during explosive activity worldwide. We then replicated the natural textures of broken crystals in laboratory experiments where variably crystallized basaltic melt was fragmented by rapid deformation. The experiments reveal that crystals are broken by the propagation of a network of fractures through magma, and that afterwards the fractures heal by viscous flow of the melt. Fracturing and healing affect gas mobility, stress distribution, and bubble and crystal size distributions in magma. Our results challenge the idea that the grain size distribution of basaltic eruption products reflects the density of fractures that initially fragmented the magma and ultimately indicate that brittle fracturing and viscous healing of magma may underlie basaltic explosive eruptions globally.
    Description: Published
    Description: 248–254
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Neapolitan volcanoes (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: This book serves as a guide to discovering the most interesting volcano sites in Italy. Accompanied by some extraordinary contemporary images of active Neapolitan volcanoes, it explains the main volcanic processes that have been shaping the landscape of the Campania region and influencing human settlements in this area since Greek and Roman times and that have prompted leading international scientists to visit and study this natural volcanology laboratory. While volcanology is the central topic, the book also addresses other aspects related to the area’s volcanism and is divided into three sections: 1) Neapolitan volcanic activity and processes (with a general introduction to volcanology and its development around Naples together with descriptions of the landscape and the main sites worth visiting); 2) Volcanoes and their interactions with local human settlements since the Bronze Age, recent population growth and the transformation of the territory; 3) The risks posed by Neapolitan Volcanoes, their recent activity and the problem of forecasting any future eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Northern Hemisphere drought risk in a warming climate (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Springer Nature, 4(1), ISSN: 2397-3722
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Discovery and quantification of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms among oxygenated tropical Cuban stony corals (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Babbin, A. R., Tamasi, T., Dumit, D., Weber, L., Rodríguez, M. V. I., Schwartz, S. L., Armenteros, M., Wankel, S. D., & Apprill, A. Discovery and quantification of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms among oxygenated tropical Cuban stony corals. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00845-2.
    Description: Coral reef health depends on an intricate relationship among the coral animal, photosynthetic algae, and a complex microbial community. The holobiont can impact the nutrient balance of their hosts amid an otherwise oligotrophic environment, including by cycling physiologically important nitrogen compounds. Here we use 15N-tracer experiments to produce the first simultaneous measurements of ammonium oxidation, nitrate reduction, and nitrous oxide (N2O) production among five iconic species of reef-building corals (Acropora palmata, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, and Porites porites) in the highly protected Jardines de la Reina reefs of Cuba. Nitrate reduction is present in most species, but ammonium oxidation is low potentially due to photoinhibition and assimilatory competition. Coral-associated rates of N2O production indicate a widespread potential for denitrification, especially among D. labyrinthiformis, at rates of ~1 nmol cm−2 d−1. In contrast, A. palmata displays minimal active nitrogen metabolism. Enhanced rates of nitrate reduction and N2O production are observed coincident with dark net respiration periods. Genomes of bacterial cultures isolated from multiple coral species confirm that microorganisms with the ability to respire nitrate anaerobically to either dinitrogen gas or ammonium exist within the holobiont. This confirmation of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms by coral-associated microorganisms sheds new light on coral and reef productivity.
    Description: Research was conducted in the Gardens of the Queen, Cuba in accordance with the requirements of the Republic of Cuba, conducted under permit NV2370 and NV2568 issued by the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this research by MIT Sea Grant award #2018-DOH-49-LEV, Simons Foundation award #622065, and MIT ESI seed funding to ARB, the MIT Montrym, Ferry, and mTerra Seed Grant Funds, and the generous contributions by Dr Bruce L. Heflinger.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Time-series transcriptomics from cold, oxic subseafloor crustal fluids reveals a motile, mixotrophic microbial community (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seyler, L. M., Trembath-Reichert, E., Tully, B. J., & Huber, J. A. Time-series transcriptomics from cold, oxic subseafloor crustal fluids reveals a motile, mixotrophic microbial community. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00843-4.
    Description: The oceanic crustal aquifer is one of the largest habitable volumes on Earth, and it harbors a reservoir of microbial life that influences global-scale biogeochemical cycles. Here, we use time series metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from a low-temperature, ridge flank environment representative of the majority of global hydrothermal fluid circulation in the ocean to reconstruct microbial metabolic potential, transcript abundance, and community dynamics. We also present metagenome-assembled genomes from recently collected fluids that are furthest removed from drilling disturbances. Our results suggest that the microbial community in the North Pond aquifer plays an important role in the oxidation of organic carbon within the crust. This community is motile and metabolically flexible, with the ability to use both autotrophic and organotrophic pathways, as well as function under low oxygen conditions by using alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate and thiosulfate. Anaerobic processes are most abundant in subseafloor horizons deepest in the aquifer, furthest from connectivity with the deep ocean, and there was little overlap in the active microbial populations between sampling horizons. This work highlights the heterogeneity of microbial life in the subseafloor aquifer and provides new insights into biogeochemical cycling in ocean crust.
    Description: The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation sponsored most of the observatory components at North Pond through grant GBMF1609. This work was supported by NSF OCE-1062006, OCE-1745589 and OCE-1635208 to J.A.H. E.T.R. was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship with the NASA Astrobiology Institute and a L’Oréal USA For Women in Science Fellowship. The Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI OCE-0939564) also supported the participation of J.A.H. and B.T. This is C-DEBI contribution number 548.
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  • 16
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    Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Coskun, O. K., Vuillemin, A., Schubotz, F., Klein, F., Sichel, S. E., Eisenreich, W., & Orsi, W. D. Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks. Isme Journal. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01066-x.
    Description: Thermodynamic models predict that H2 is energetically favorable for seafloor microbial life, but how H2 affects anabolic processes in seafloor-associated communities is poorly understood. Here, we used quantitative 13C DNA stable isotope probing (qSIP) to quantify the effect of H2 on carbon assimilation by microbial taxa synthesizing 13C-labeled DNA that are associated with partially serpentinized peridotite rocks from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The rock-hosted seafloor community was an order of magnitude more diverse compared to the seawater community directly above the rocks. With added H2, peridotite-associated taxa increased assimilation of 13C-bicarbonate and 13C-acetate into 16S rRNA genes of operational taxonomic units by 146% (±29%) and 55% (±34%), respectively, which correlated with enrichment of H2-oxidizing NiFe-hydrogenases encoded in peridotite-associated metagenomes. The effect of H2 on anabolism was phylogenetically organized, with taxa affiliated with Atribacteria, Nitrospira, and Thaumarchaeota exhibiting the most significant increases in 13C-substrate assimilation in the presence of H2. In SIP incubations with added H2, an order of magnitude higher number of peridotite rock-associated taxa assimilated 13C-bicarbonate, 13C-acetate, and 13C-formate compared to taxa that were not associated with peridotites. Collectively, these findings indicate that the unique geochemical nature of the peridotite-hosted ecosystem has selected for H2-metabolizing, rock-associated taxa that can increase anabolism under high H2 concentrations. Because ultramafic rocks are widespread in slow-, and ultraslow-spreading oceanic lithosphere, continental margins, and subduction zones where H2 is formed in copious amounts, the link between H2 and carbon assimilation demonstrated here may be widespread within these geological settings.
    Description: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 364653263—TRR 235 to WDO and WE, and under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2077-390741603. The work was also supported by the Dalio Explore Fund and LMU Mentoring Program. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
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    Small sinking particles control anammox rates in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 12(1), pp. 1-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-15
    Description: Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is a major pathway of oceanic nitrogen loss. Ammonium released from sinking particles has been suggested to fuel this process. During cruises to the Peruvian OMZ in April–June 2017 we found that anammox rates are strongly correlated with the volume of small particles (128–512 µm), even though anammox bacteria were not directly associated with particles. This suggests that the relationship between anammox rates and particles is related to the ammonium released from particles by remineralization. To investigate this, ammonium release from particles was modelled and theoretical encounters of free-living anammox bacteria with ammonium in the particle boundary layer were calculated. These results indicated that small sinking particles could be responsible for ~75% of ammonium release in anoxic waters and that free-living anammox bacteria frequently encounter ammonium in the vicinity of smaller particles. This indicates a so far underestimated role of abundant, slow-sinking small particles in controlling oceanic nutrient budgets, and furthermore implies that observations of the volume of small particles could be used to estimate N-loss across large areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Degradation of biological macromolecules supports uncultured microbial populations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Castro, S. P., Borton, M. A., Regan, K., de Angelis, I. H., Wrighton, K. C., Teske, A. P., Strous, M., & Ruff, S. E. Degradation of biological macromolecules supports uncultured microbial populations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments. Isme Journal. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01026-5.
    Description: Hydrothermal sediments contain large numbers of uncultured heterotrophic microbial lineages. Here, we amended Guaymas Basin sediments with proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids under different redox conditions and cultivated heterotrophic thermophiles with the genomic potential for macromolecule degradation. We reconstructed 20 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of uncultured lineages affiliating with known archaeal and bacterial phyla, including endospore-forming Bacilli and candidate phylum Marinisomatota. One Marinisomatota MAG had 35 different glycoside hydrolases often in multiple copies, seven extracellular CAZymes, six polysaccharide lyases, and multiple sugar transporters. This population has the potential to degrade a broad spectrum of polysaccharides including chitin, cellulose, pectin, alginate, chondroitin, and carrageenan. We also describe thermophiles affiliating with the genera Thermosyntropha, Thermovirga, and Kosmotoga with the capability to make a living on nucleic acids, lipids, or multiple macromolecule classes, respectively. Several populations seemed to lack extracellular enzyme machinery and thus likely scavenged oligo- or monomers (e.g., MAGs affiliating with Archaeoglobus) or metabolic products like hydrogen (e.g., MAGs affiliating with Thermodesulfobacterium or Desulforudaceae). The growth of methanogens or the production of methane was not observed in any condition, indicating that the tested macromolecules are not degraded into substrates for methanogenesis in hydrothermal sediments. We provide new insights into the niches, and genomes of microorganisms that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules under oxic, sulfate-reducing, and fermentative thermophilic conditions. These findings improve our understanding of the carbon flow across trophic levels and indicate how primary produced biomass sustains complex and productive ecosystems.
    Description: We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis AT37-06 as well as the crew of the human occupied vehicle Alvin for their tireless support. Sampling at Guaymas Basin was supported by NSF (OCE-1357238).
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    Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bayer, B., Saito, M. A., McIlvin, M. R., Lucker, S., Moran, D. M., Lankiewicz, T. S., Dupont, C. L., & Santoro, A. E. (2020). Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions. Isme Journal, doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00828-3.
    Description: The genus Nitrospira is the most widespread group of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and thrives in diverse natural and engineered ecosystems. Nitrospira marina Nb-295T was isolated from the ocean over 30 years ago; however, its genome has not yet been analyzed. Here, we investigated the metabolic potential of N. marina based on its complete genome sequence and performed physiological experiments to test genome-derived hypotheses. Our data confirm that N. marina benefits from additions of undefined organic carbon substrates, has adaptations to resist oxidative, osmotic, and UV light-induced stress and low dissolved pCO2, and requires exogenous vitamin B12. In addition, N. marina is able to grow chemoorganotrophically on formate, and is thus not an obligate chemolithoautotroph. We further investigated the proteomic response of N. marina to low (∼5.6 µM) O2 concentrations. The abundance of a potentially more efficient CO2-fixing pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) complex and a high-affinity cbb3-type terminal oxidase increased under O2 limitation, suggesting a role in sustaining nitrite oxidation-driven autotrophy. This putatively more O2-sensitive POR complex might be protected from oxidative damage by Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase, which also increased in abundance under low O2 conditions. Furthermore, the upregulation of proteins involved in alternative energy metabolisms, including Group 3b [NiFe] hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, indicate a high metabolic versatility to survive conditions unfavorable for aerobic nitrite oxidation. In summary, the genome and proteome of the first marine Nitrospira isolate identifies adaptations to life in the oxic ocean and provides insights into the metabolic diversity and niche differentiation of NOB in marine environments.
    Description: We thank John B. Waterbury and Frederica Valois for providing the culture of Nitrospira marina Nb-295T and for continued advice about cultivation. The N. marina genome was sequenced as part of US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Project 1337 to CLD, AES, and MAS in collaboration with the user community. We thank Claus Pelikan for bioinformatic assistance. This research was supported by a Simons Foundation Early Career Investigator in Marine Microbiology and Evolution Award (345889) and US National Science Foundation (NSF) award OCE-1924512 to AES. Proteomics analysis was supported by NSF awards OCE-1924554 and OCE-1850719, and NIH award R01GM135709 to MAS. BB was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project Number: J4426-B (“The influence of nitrifiers on the oceanic carbon cycle”), SL by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) grant 016.Vidi.189.050, and CLD by NSF award OCE-125999.
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  • 20
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    Probing the timescale dependency of local and global variations in surface air temperature from climate simulations and reconstructions of the last millennia (2021)
    American Physical Society
    In:  Physical Review E, 104 (6). Art.Nr. 064136.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Earth's climate can be understood as a dynamical system that changes due to external forcing and internal couplings. Essential climate variables, such as surface air temperature, describe this dynamics. Our current interglacial, the Holocene (11 700 yr ago to today), has been characterized by small variations in global mean temperature prior to anthropogenic warming. However, the mechanisms and spatiotemporal patterns of fluctuations around this mean, called temperature variability, are poorly understood despite their socioeconomic relevance for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Here we examine discrepancies between temperature variability from model simulations and paleoclimate reconstructions by categorizing the scaling behavior of local and global surface air temperature on the timescale of years to centuries. To this end, we contrast power spectral densities (PSD) and their power-law scaling using simulated and observation-based temperature series of the last 6000 yr. We further introduce the spectral gain to disentangle the externally forced and internally generated variability as a function of timescale. It is based on our estimate of the joint PSD of radiative forcing, which exhibits a scale break around the period of 7 yr. We find that local temperature series from paleoclimate reconstructions show a different scaling behavior than simulated ones, with a tendency towards stronger persistence (i.e., correlation between successive values within a time series) on periods of 10 to 200 yr. Conversely, the PSD and spectral gain of global mean temperature are consistent across data sets. Our results point to the limitation of climate models to fully represent local temperature statistics over decades to centuries. By highlighting the key characteristics of temperature variability, we pave a way to better constrain possible changes in temperature variability with global warming and assess future climate risks.
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  • 21
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    Dr. Pierre A. Chappuis (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1151-1152 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Swiss zoologist Dr. P. A. Chappuis, who died at Zurich on July 9, 1960, was for many years assistant director of the Institut de Sp ologie at Cluj, Rumania, where he also acted as Swiss Consul. At the time of his death he was attached to the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique as ...
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  • 22
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    British Museum (Natural History): Appointments (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1153-1153 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Principal Trustees of the British Museum have appointed Dr. F. C. Fraser, keeper of zoology, and Mr. J. E. Dandy, keeper of botany, to be deputy chief scientific officers in the British Museum (Natural History). They have also appointed Mr. J. P. Doncaster to be keeper of the Department of ...
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  • 23
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    Forest Research and Training Institute for Latin America (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1153-1154 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A Focus for forest research and training in Latin America has been acquired with the permanent establishment following four years on a temporary basis of the Latin American Forestry Institute for Research and Training at the Forestry School of the University of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. A ...
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  • 24
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    Pests and their Control (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1141-1141 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE late George Fox Wilson was a garden lover and economic entomologist with profound experience of the pest problems that beset the gardener, and the rare gift of being able to write clearly, accurately and interestingly for the layman. His book, "The Detection and Control of Garden Pests", was ...
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  • 25
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    Low-Temperature Forms of Ice as Studied by X-Ray Diffraction (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1144-1148 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN recent years a number of investigators have studied the low-temperature, low-pressure structures of ice, using such techniques as thermal analysis (Pryde and Jones1), electron diffraction (K nig2), and X-ray diffraction (Barnes3). A comprehensive treatment of the literature is given by Blackman ...
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  • 26
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    Dr. Gertrude L. Elles, M.B.E. (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1152-1152 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE doyen of women geologists, Dr. Gertrude L. Elles, emeritus reader in the University of Cambridge and honorary Fellow of Newnham College, died at Helensburgh on November 18, in her eighty-ninth year. She entered Newnham as a scholar in 1891 and remained, with few interruptions, resident in ...
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  • 27
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    Educational Film Centre, Ltd. (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1154-1154 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A NEW organization, the Educational Film Centre, Ltd., has recently been founded. Its directors are Maurice Goldsmith, formerly science editor at Unesco, John Halas and Joy Batchelor, animation film producers, and Dr. Koger Man veil, formerly director of the British Film Academy. The objects of the ...
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  • 28
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    Geomorphological Abstracts (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1155-1155 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As a guide to the very scattered literature of interest to geomorphologists, a small journal of abstracts, in an attractive format, has recently been produced by a group of British geographers. In the first two numbers, for June and September 1960, abstracts are given of 136 recent papers, mainly ...
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  • 29
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    Restoration of a Silk Flag (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1155-1155 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Museums Journal of November, in an article by Mr. Harry Wandrus, describes an economical method for the treatment of deteriorating silk flags. The flags were the property of the State of Ohio and most of them were of 'weighted* silk, that is, they contained chlorides or sulphates of ...
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  • 30
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    The Night Sky in January (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1156-1156 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FULL moon occurs on Jan. Id. 23h. 06m. U.T., new moon on Jan. 16d. 21h. 30m. and full moon on Jan. 3Id. 18h. 47m. The following conjunctions with the Moon take place : Jan. Id. 17h., Mars 8 K. ; Jan. 20d. 05h., Venus 0-6 N. ; Jan. 26d. 13h., Aldebaran 0-3 S. ; Jan. 28d. 07h., Mars 8 N. Mercury ...
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  • 31
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    Surface Renewal and Molecular Diffusion in Interphase Mass Transfer (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1186-1187 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It can be argued that such spontaneous interfacial eruptions would cause considerable portions of the interface to be replaced by fresh liquid from the interior and thus result in an increase of the rate of surface renewal. This could mean that for solutes of different interfacial properties the ...
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    Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrorheophoresis of Tuberculoproteins (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1191-1192 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Franklin et al.3 claimed to have made separations of sera into a great number of fractions by means of two-dimensional paper chromatography. Conditions and results of these procedures provoked severe criticism. Though inclined to be sceptical I, too, agreed with E. and M. Lederer1 in their opinion ...
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  • 33
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    Different Action of 2 : 4-Dinitrophenol on the Oxidation of Exogenous and Endogenous Substrates by Baker's Yeast (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1188-1189 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 shows that with [3-14C]pyruvate, DNP prevents incorporation of carbon-14 into the cells, the evolution of radioactive carbon dioxide and the oxygen uptake. On the other hand, with [6-14C] glucose (or [l-14C]glucose), which yields [3-14C]-pyruvate inside the cell, DNP stimulates the oxygen ...
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    Accelerated Recovery from Reserpine Depression by Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1199-1200 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Five hungry male rats, maintained at 80 per cent of their weight when feeding ad libitum, were trained to obtain a drop of sweetened condensed milk by pressing a lever in the wall of a small chamber. Not every press was rewarded ; eligibility for reinforcement was programmed randomly and occurred, ...
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    Leucocytic Emigration from Inflamed Capillaries (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1203-1203 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Electron photomicrograph of an inflamed capillary in which leucocytes (L) are surrounded by endothelial cytoplasmic processes (P). Lumen of capillary (CL), endothelial cell (EC), basement membrane (BM), extravascular space (ES). (x c. 4,670) Only rarely are interruptions seen in the ...
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    Plaque Formation by an Orphan Virus of Fowls (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1213-1214 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Despite its apparent lack of relationship to fowl lymphomatosis this ubiquitous and hardy virus may be of considerable interest in its own right. The purpose of this communication is to describe an improved method of plaque assay which is more sensitive and gives considerably better resolution than ...
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    Electrical Engineering at Edinburgh : Prof. W. E. J. Farvis (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1072-1072 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MR. FARVIS, senior lecturer in applied electricity and head of the postgraduate school of electronics and radio in the University of Edinburgh, has been appointed to the newly established chair of electrical engineering. He graduated B.Sc. from the University of Bristol in 1936, with first-class ...
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    Jubilee Celebrations in Berlin (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1073-1073 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Humboldt University of Berlin celebrated its 150th Anniversary together with the Charite" Hospital, the 250th Anniversary of which ran concurrently. Symposia, conferences, discussions and exhibitions were offered to participants by the various faculties, including those of Medicine, Philosophy, ...
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    Leather Manufacture (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1074-1074 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE inaugural lecture by Prof. A. G. Ward, following his appointment as professor of leather industries at the University of Leeds, was concerned with science and art in leather manufacture. Prof. Ward emphasized that, despite sixty years of intensive research, the making of leather still remains ...
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    Announcements (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1075-1075 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PROF. W. HUME-ROTHERY, Isaac Wolfson professor of metallurgy in the University of Oxford, has been elected an Honorary Member of the Institute of Metals. Major C. J. P. Ball, Dr. Maurice Cook and Lieut.-Colonel S. C. Guillan have been elected Fellows, in recognition of the services that they have ...
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    Influence of Climate on Life (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1080-1081 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of the most obvious, and at the same time one of the most neglected, statements in the whole field of biology is that all life depends on its environment. Biologists and medical men of the past have made this the basis of much of their thinking, and engineers and architects have often built ...
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    The Action of Nitrous Acid on Aliphatic Amines (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1086-1088 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ALTHOUGH T. W. J. Taylor in 19281 indicated the correct experimental conditions for carrying out the reaction of aliphatic amines with nitrous acid, the essential items in these conditions appear to have been overlooked by other workers who have used other conditions and, not surprisingly, have ...
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    Pressure Dependence of Resistivity of Indium Antimonide to 70,000 Atmospheres (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1095-1096 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The measurements were made in a tetrahedral apparatus constructed at the National Physical Laboratory following a design of the National Bureau of Standards2. This allows the use of a standard hydraulic press. In our apparatus the pyrophyllite tetrahedron had a side of 3/4 in. and electrical ...
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    Sustained, Localized, Pulsed-Microwave Discharge in Air (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1098-1099 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A pulsed, X-band radar transmitter is used as a microwave source. This unit emits pulses of approximately 0-5 (jisec. duration, providing 40 W. average power and about 20 kW. peak power with an inter-pulse time of 290 (jtsec. These figures are nominal because stationary waves set up by the ...
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    Magnetic Resonance of Protons in Glasses (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1103-1104 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sodium metaphosphate and potassium metaphos-phate can be prepared by heating the sodium and potassium dihydrogen phosphates respectively. The metaphosphates are produced from their respective acid salts by dehydration processes ; hence to prepare .those compounds containing water it is only ...
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    1,3-Dialky1-6-thioxanthines : a New Series of Bronchodilators and Coronary Va odilators (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1107-1108 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All the thioxanthines are obtained from the corresponding xanthines in high yield by refluxing for several hours with phosphorus pentasulphide in pyridine. It was established by spectroscopic and degradation studies that thionation occurs only in the 6-position. The choline salt of ...
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    Composition of the Free Fatty Acid Fraction in the Plasma of Human Arterial Blood (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1111-1112 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have analysed the free fatty acids extracted from the plasma of arterial blood by Gordon's method in eleven people who had fasted overnight. After titration, the soaps of the fatty acids in the alkaline ethanolwater phase were reconverted into free fatty acids which were methylated by means of ...
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    Specificity of the Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on the Rhythmic Contraction of Single Cultured Cardiac Muscle Cells (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1114-1115 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It seemed worth while to find out whether these effects were specific in the sense that they are elicited solely or preferentially by compounds possessing the various molecular features required for the characteristic action of the cardiac glycosides on the intact heart. By the use of compounds ...
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    Incorporation of Amino-Acids labelled with Carbon-14 in Nerve Proteins during Activity and Recovery (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1119-1120 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In each experiment, 4-6 desheathed sciatic nerves (800-1,600 mgm. of nerve) from the South American frog Callyptocephalus gaily were immersed for 1 hr. in 10 c.c. of Ringer solution containing 20-40 μc. of a mixture of amino-acids labelled with carbon-14 (hydrolys-ate of Chlorella protein). Then ...
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    Thalassæmia in a Tibetan discovered during a Hæmoglobin Survey among the Sherpas (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1121-1122 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The blood samples were collected into sterile vacuum tubes (Venules, Winthrop Laboratories, Ltd.), which were then sealed with adhesive wax (Okeria Wax 1350/2, Astor Boisselier and Lawrence, Ltd.). The sealed tubes were stored on ice in large wide-mouthed vacuum flasks for protection from cold at ...
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    Phenylketonuria in Infant Monkeys (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1124-1125 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Four infant macaques born in this laboratory were separated from their mothers at birth and were given a high phenylalanine milk diet from the second day of life. Whole cows milk or powdered milk formula containing 0-25 gm. l-phenylalanine per 100 ml. in final dilution was fed for the first two ...
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    Some Experiments on Rice's Blue Material : Colours on Jupiter (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1023-1023 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Since this observation conflicts with the results of extensive experiments carried out earlier by Rice and Freamo2, we repeated the work of Clarke and McTurk ; but, in spite of intensive effort, we have been unable to produce the blue material from ammonia. We realize, of course, that the negative ...
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    In Pursuit of Antibiotics (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 971-972 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE penicillin was developed as a commercial product there has been a feverish search for other antibiotics with similar or complementary properties. To-day, about a dozen antibiotics are in general use. Their discovery has been based on a purely empirical screening programme in which millions of ...
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    [Book Reviews] (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 973-973 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS well-known book has been extensively-revised and enlarged as compared with the English translation, and has to some extent lost its character as a readable elementary work and become a concise treatise on all branches of physical chemistry. Very recent work has been incorporated and there are ...
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    Inorganic and Structural Chemistry at Leeds : Prof. H. M. N. H. Irving (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 984-984 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DR. H. M. N. H. Irving has been appointed to the chair of inorganic and structural chemistry in the University of Leeds, in succession to Prof. E. G. Cox (see Nature, 185, 144 ; 1960). Dr. Irving was born in Oxford in 1905 and educated at St. Bees School and Queen's College, Oxford, where he was a ...
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    [Book Reviews] (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 973-973 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TEN years after the Royal Society Scientific Information Conference, the International Conference on Scientific Information, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the National Research Council National Academy of Sciences and the American Documentation Institute, was held in Washington in ...
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    Dr. J. M. Cowan, C.B.E. (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 982-983 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] With the sudden death of Dr. John Macqueen Cowan on the evening of October 26, after a very happy day with his friends on the Gardens Committee of the National Trust for Scotland, Scotland lost one of her most distinguished horticulturists. A son of the manse, he was born in Banchory, ...
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    Trinidad and Tobago Coconut Research, Ltd. (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 985-985 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE new Research Station situated at Champs Fleurs, Trinidad, West Indies, is an institution intended to foster research relative to coconuts. It is administered by the Directors of Trinidad and Tobago Coconut Research, Ltd., which is a non-profit making company financed jointly by West Indian Oil ...
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    Theoretical Atomic Physics in Norway (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 986-986 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DURING the period covered by its second annual report (1958-59), the Nordisk Organization for Teoretisk Atomfysik was still operating on an interim basis, since the adoption of the convention on which its activities are to be based formally has had to be postponed (Pp. 46. Copenhagen : Nordisk ...
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    American Academy of Arts and Sciences : Grants-in-Aid (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 987-987 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GRANTS-IN-AID, usually ranging between 500 dollars and 1,500 dollars, are available from funds administered by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for research in any recognized scientific field, including mathematics, physical, biological and the social sciences. Applications must be ...
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    The Imperial College of Science and Technology: New Physics Department (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 989-990 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1953 the Government decided that, within a period of less than ten years, the size of the Imperial College of Science and Technology should be doubled. Plans were eventually prepared by the College for a massive expansion programme, involving the redevelopment of a large site in South ...
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    Statistics on Special Education (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 994-995 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE term 'special education' has been used in educational literature to refer to the "education of pupils who deviate so far physically, mentally, emotionally, or socially from the relatively homogeneous groups of so-called 'normal' pupils that the standard curriculum is not suitable for their ...
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    Iodized Salt and Endemic Goitre (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 997-998 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE September issue of The Chronicle of the World A Health Organization is devoted to endemic goitre (14, No. 9 ; September 1960). The importance of iodized salt as a means of control is well brought out, as are the problems of instituting programmes of mass prophylaxis because of difficulties in ...
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    International Co-Operation in Research (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 879-881 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN an address at the opening of the new Physics Building of the Imperial College of Science and Technology on October 20, Sir John Cockcroft referred to the growing complexity of equipment required for physical and chemical research, and consequent mounting of costs during the past three decades. ...
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    A Trilogy of Virology (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 882-883 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] VIRUS research originated in pathology, and for more than half the nearly 70 years during which the existence of viruses has been recognized their study was an activity almost confined to pathologist s, but the 34 articles that make up these three volumes carry few signs of this. The sub-title, ...
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    [Book Reviews] (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 885-885 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE title of this series is misleading. It would be much more indicative of the contents if it were Advances in Space Technology". The editor's view on space science is revealed in the foreword where he states that The principal objective of space science is to make it possible for man, and not ...
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    Progress of Cancer Research (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 891-894 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SOME hundreds of investigations are described in the current annual report of the British Empire Cancer Campaign which in 1959 gave financial support, directly or indirectly (£750,000) to more than .1,300 investigators at numerous centres of research in Great Britain and the ...
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    Overseas Trainees and Students in Britain (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 897-897 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two recent booklets describe the increasing part being played by Britain in the education and training of students from Commonwealth and other countries oversea. The first, "Overseas Trainees in United Kingdom Industry", describes the opportunities available through scholarships provided by the ...
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    Use of Natural Gas in Britain (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 898-898 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MR. P. G. INNEL CLEMENT, public relations officer to the National Coal Board (West Midlands Division), has written directing attention in amplification of the facts given in the article entitled "A British Source of Natural Gas" in Nature of October 29, p. 373, to what is being done to tap the ...
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    Test Track for the Road Research Laboratory (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 894-894 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Road Research Laboratory was founded in 1933. In recent years the importance of the work being done both on road materials and methods of road construction and on traffic and safety problems has been responsible for increases both in staff and the facilities needed. The Laboratory has thus long ...
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    The Royal Society: Officers (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 896-896 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR HOWARD FLOREY has been elected president of the Royal Society in succession to Sir Cyril Hin-shelwood. The new treasurer of the Society is Sir Alexander Fleck, formerly chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the new foreign secretary is Sir Patrick Linstead, rector of the Imperial ...
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    Government Grants to University and other Students (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 897-897 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN answering a question regarding grants to students in the House of Commons on December 1, the Minister of Education, Sir David Eccles, said thai the Government has decided on the general lines of the revised scale of parental contributions. Details of the scale, which will come into force in ...
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    Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie, 1958–59 (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 897-898 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE University of Mie publishes both a Journal and a report for the Faculty of Fisheries and both seem to cover similar ground. In the reports (published annually since 1951) a good balance is maintained between economic and non-economic subjects. Those of a practical application to fisheries are ...
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    Shortage of Graduate Biochemists (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 898-898 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EVIDENCE of a shortage of trained graduate biochemists in the United Kingdom emerged during the recent Biochemical Society colloquium on "The Organization and Financing of Research in Biochemistry and Allied Sciences in Great Britain" (see Nature, 188, 194 ; 1960). With the object of defining more ...
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    Announcements (1960)
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    Nature 188 (1960), S. 899-899 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Charles Leopold Mayer Prize for 1960 of the Société de Chimie Biologique has been divided between Prof. R. Monier, Maitre de Conférences de Chimie Biologique at the Faculté des Sciences de Marseille, and Dr. M. Beljanski, maitre de recherches at the Centre National ...
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    Pollination by Insects (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 902-903 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] POLLINATION was the subject of a symposium A held during August 1214 at Copenhagen prior to the eleventh International Congress of Entomology in Vienna. The symposium was presided over by Prof. Eric kerberg of the Swedish Seed Association, and the final sessions took place at the Associations plant ...
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    Bifurcation and Other Irregularities of the Ionospheric F 2-Layer (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 906-907 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN recent years the bifurcation and other irregularities of the ionospheric F2-layer have been much discussed. I have made several attempts to provide a theoretical basis of the subject, and finally I derived formula (2), which expresses the diurnal variation of the critical frequency of the ...
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    Binding of Hæmatin by Human Serum Albumin (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 913-915 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] METH MALBUMIN was identified by Fairley1 as a complex of serum albumin and ferriprotoporphyrin. Although a number of workers24 have studied certain of its properties, little information is available concerning the nature of the protein-h matin linkage. Keilin2 postulated for the reduced complex ...
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    Electrical Resistivity of Nickel Ferrite (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 929-930 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Activation energy against logio oxygen pressure for stoichiometric nickel ferrite. , 1,100 C. ; x, 1,150 C. ; 0,1,200 C. firing temperature In order to investigate the influence of oxygen pressure during sintering on the electrical properties, a closed system was constructed which ...
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    Drilling into Molten Lava in the Kilauea Iki Volcanic Crater, Hawaii (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 930-931 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On July 25, 1960, after drilling 19 ft., the crust of the lava lake was pierced, making possible temperature measurements of the molten rock, collection of gas samples emanating from the melt, and direct sampling of molten lava. The experiment clearly demonstrated that it is possible to drill into ...
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    Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Mixtures of Polymers and Mineral Oil (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 934-935 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The column used was 21 mm. in diameter, and an 82 cm. length was packed tightly with small pieces of rubber ; for convenience pieces of surgeons1 finger-cots ('London' brand, supplied by Osborne Garrett and Co., Ltd., 51/55 Frith Street, London, W.I) were used. The area of the pieces of unswollen ...
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    Spectra of Tetrahedral Inorganic Complexes (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 937-938 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Following the recent work of Gill and Nyholm1, it is now possible to obtain authentic simple tetra-hal geno-complexes of manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel. These have been shown2 to be essentially tetrahedral except possibly for some slight distortions which are not important to this ...
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    Nature of the Resistance of Oat Varieties to Races of Oat Stem Rust (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 957-958 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the following experiments, the plant host comprises varieties of oats (Avena sativa L.) and the pathogen races of oat stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f.sp. avenae Erikss. and Henn.). The 'leaf sandwich' technique designed and used in this work was a modification of a 'tissue transplant' ...
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    Chromosome Breakage induced by electrolytically produced Free Radicals (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 961-962 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Reaction 2 is accompanied by release of energy. Although the possibility that this energy may be emitted as light is certainly very low (about 1 in 1010), it can be measured by means of a sensitive photon-counting detector system. The life of the light-emitting species can be measured by applying ...
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    Theory of Optimal Gammas (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 964-964 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Reports and other Publications (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 966-966 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (not included in the monthly Books Supplement) Great Britain and Ireland Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B : Biological Sciences. Ko. 700, Vol. 243 (18 August, 1960) : The Fine Structure of the Insect Ear. By E. G. Gray. Pp. 75-94+plates 4-15. (London : Royal ...
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    The Relativity of Meaning (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 964-964 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] If this is so, I suggest that his point should be thought of as a special case of a quite general rule of language, when it is used to express empirical information. It is normally true that the meaning given to an empirical statement (a message) both by the deliverer and by the receiver will ...
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    The Grey Seal and British Fisheries (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 773-774 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE grey seal (Halychoerus grypus) appears to have increased considerably in numbers on the coasts of Great Britain during the past forty years. Except from one place, however, there are no comparative figures to show how great the increase may be, or even whether the apparent increase is real. The ...
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    The Relativity of Meaning (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 964-964 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Gas-Insulation of a Hot Plasma (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 801-802 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 If in a cylindrical vessel, r = r0, filled with gas, a central region, r = rl 〈 r0, is heated with the power Q per unit length but the wall is kept at a low temperature, we have (neglecting radiation losses) : = - 2runc (1) Q - 2 ; f (2) In re/ri J Because the integral J dT ...
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    Physical Parameters of the Atmospheric Escape Layer (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 804-805 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] From a result of Spitzer5, the height of the escape layer above the Earth's surface is fixed by the requirement that : (2)-1 (1) at this level, where is the number density of atmospheric particles, h is the scale-height, and is the mean collision diameter of an atmospheric particle. The ...
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    The Central Nervous System (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 808-809 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE title of this symposium is somewhat mis-A leading though this need in no way detract from the value of an excellent collection of monographs contained in the book. The papers here presented do indeed represent, as Mr. Brodie claims, a variety of points of view% written as they are by a ...
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    Identification of the Recombinant Products of Canine and Human Hæmoglobins (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 798-800 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN a mixture of canine carbonmonoxyhaemo-globin and human carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin A is dissociated at either pH 4-7 (ref. 1) or pH 11-0 (ref. 2) for 20 min. or more and then recombined at neutral pH, two additional electrophoretic components are produced. In slightly acidic buffer, in which all ...
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    A Silicon γ-Ray Spectrometer (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 803-803 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ohmic contacts are made to the specimen by alloying into a boron-diffused surface layer with gold-gallium wire. A number of devices have been prepared most of which detect radiation. The variation of performance between detectors indicates that the processing is not yet under complete control. ...
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    Operation of the Backward-Wave Oscillator (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 803-804 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The travelling-wave-tube analogue was described in detail in a recent paper1, and is based on the lumped circuit travelling-wave tube first described by Matthews2. Briefly it consists of a series of drift tubes inside a vacuum envelope interconnected with a series of inductance coils which are ...
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    Physiological Carcinology (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 810-811 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is the first of two volumes which are intended to give a general survey of our present knowledge of the physiology of Crustacea. There are seventeen chapters, the first of which is an introduction to crustacean biology. This chapter seems to have suffered from over-compression, and contains ...
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    Signals and Statistics (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 827-828 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DR. HELSTROM is primarily interested in the reception of radar signals. He formulates his problems explicitly as problems in statistical inference : to detect a signal in the presence of noise (that is, to decide whether a signal of known form, or perhaps only of known statistical properties, is ...
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    Photogrammetry (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 828-828 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THERE are very few text-books on photogram-metry in English which are sufficiently modern, or which attain a sufficiently high standard of presentation to help the student bridge the very wide mathematical and technical gap between the long-established fundamental principles and modern developments ...
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    The New Forest (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 829-830 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN view of the wealth of material and scholarship that could have been drawn on, as well as the publicity given to this book, one had reason to expect an authoritative work on the New Forest. Instead, we are presented with an odd and unbalanced assortment of topics that fail to fulfil the claims ...
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    Adventure, Beauty and Science in Africa (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 830-830 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is the book of the film. Despite the many A fine illustrations, the book cannot compete with the film in showing the space of the Serengeti National Park and the beauty of its animals in motion. But the book is complementary to the film in revealing the careful preparation, the hard work and ...
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