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  • Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation  (2)
  • Climate variability  (2)
  • Carbon budget
  • American Geophysical Union  (3)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (1)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2015-2019  (4)
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  • 2019  (4)
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  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
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  • 2019  (4)
  • 1982
  • 1965
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  • 1
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    Two hundred fifty years of reconstructed South Asian summer monsoon intensity and decadal-scale variability (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 46(7) (2019): 3927-3935, doi: 10.1029/2018GL081593.
    Description: Climate model simulations of the summer South Asian monsoon predict increased rainfall in response to anthropogenic warming. However, instrumental data show a decline in Indian rainfall in recent decades, underscoring the critical need for additional, independent records of past monsoon variability. Here, we present new reconstructions of annual summer South Asian Monsoon circulation over the past 250 years, based on the geochemical barium‐calcium signature of dust present in Red Sea corals. These records reveal how monsoon circulation has evolved with warming climate and indicate a significant multi‐century long monsoon intensification, with decreased multidecadal variance. Stronger monsoon circulation would have increased the moisture transport from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal over the Indian subcontinent. If these trends continue, the monsoon circulation and associated moisture transport and precipitation will remain strong and stable for several decades.
    Description: We thank Editor Valerie Trouet and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We gratefully acknowledge Justin Ossolinski for assistance during core drilling; Maureen Auro, Laura Robinson, and Tom Marchitto for use of lab space and for technical advice; Margaret Sulanowska for providing XRD analysis of dust samples; and Sujata Murty and Ryan Davis for assistance in the lab. We thank Falmouth Hospital for use of X‐ray equipment. We acknowledge the use of the NSF‐supported WHOI ICP‐MS facility and thank Scot Birdwhistell for his assistance. This research was supported by grants to K. A. H. from NSF award OCE‐1031288 and KAUST award USA00002, and by a WHOI Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to S. P. B. All data presented in this manuscript will be made publicly available online through the NOAA NCDC Paleoclimatology data archive (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data‐access/paleoclimatology‐data/).
    Description: 2019-09-28
    Keywords: Paleoclimatology ; Climate variability ; Aerosols and particles ; Major and trace element geochemistry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink (2019)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © National Academy of Sciences, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (24), (2019):11646-11651, doi:10.1073/pnas.1900371116.
    Description: Measurements show large decadal variability in the rate of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere that is not driven by CO2 emissions. The decade of the 1990s experienced enhanced carbon accumulation in the atmosphere relative to emissions, while in the 2000s, the atmospheric growth rate slowed, even though emissions grew rapidly. These variations are driven by natural sources and sinks of CO2 due to the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere. In this study, we compare three independent methods for estimating oceanic CO2 uptake and find that the ocean carbon sink could be responsible for up to 40% of the observed decadal variability in atmospheric CO2 accumulation. Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink from pCO2 mapping methods and decadal ocean inverse models generally agree on the magnitude and sign of decadal variability in the ocean CO2 sink at both global and regional scales. Simulations with ocean biogeochemical models confirm that climate variability drove the observed decadal trends in ocean CO2 uptake, but also demonstrate that the sensitivity of ocean CO2 uptake to climate variability may be too weak in models. Furthermore, all estimates point toward coherent decadal variability in the oceanic and terrestrial CO2 sinks, and this variability is not well-matched by current global vegetation models. Reconciling these differences will help to constrain the sensitivity of oceanic and terrestrial CO2 uptake to climate variability and lead to improved climate projections and decadal climate predictions.
    Description: We thank Rebecca Wright and Erik Buitenhuis at University of East Anglia, Norwich, for providing updated runs from the NEMO-PlankTOM5 model. T.D. was supported by NSF Grant OCE-1658392. C.L.Q. thanks the UK Natural Environment Research Council for supporting the SONATA Project (Grant NE/P021417/1). P.L. was supported by the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science. J.H. was supported under Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Marine Carbon and Ecosystem Feedbacks in the Earth System (MarESys) Grant VH-NG-1301. S.B. and R.S. were supported by the H2020 project CRESCENDO “Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, Knowledge, Dissemination and Outreach,” which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No 641816. SOCAT is an international effort, endorsed by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study, and the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research program, to deliver a uniformly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database. The many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection of data and quality control are thanked for their contributions to SOCAT.
    Description: 2019-11-28
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Ocean carbon sink ; Terrestrial carbon sink ; Climate variability ; Carbon budget
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    A review of the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in Atlantic multidecadal variability and associated climate impacts (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Reviews of Geophysics 57(2), (2019): 316-375, doi:10.1029/2019RG000644.
    Description: By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a comprehensive review of the linkage between multidecadal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and associated climate impacts. There is strong observational and modeling evidence that multidecadal AMOC variability is a crucial driver of the observed AMV and associated climate impacts and an important source of enhanced decadal predictability and prediction skill. The AMOC‐AMV linkage is consistent with observed key elements of AMV. Furthermore, this synthesis also points to a leading role of the AMOC in a range of AMV‐related climate phenomena having enormous societal and economic implications, for example, Intertropical Convergence Zone shifts; Sahel and Indian monsoons; Atlantic hurricanes; El Niño–Southern Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Variability; North Atlantic Oscillation; climate over Europe, North America, and Asia; Arctic sea ice and surface air temperature; and hemispheric‐scale surface temperature. Paleoclimate evidence indicates that a similar linkage between multidecadal AMOC variability and AMV and many associated climate impacts may also have existed in the preindustrial era, that AMV has enhanced multidecadal power significantly above a red noise background, and that AMV is not primarily driven by external forcing. The role of the AMOC in AMV and associated climate impacts has been underestimated in most state‐of‐the‐art climate models, posing significant challenges but also great opportunities for substantial future improvements in understanding and predicting AMV and associated climate impacts.
    Description: We thank the joint support from the US AMOC Science Team and the U.K.‐U.S. RAPID program for this review paper. The HADISST data set used in Figure 2 can be downloaded from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/data/download.html. Y. ‐O. K. is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF; OCE‐1242989) and Department of Energy (DE‐SC0019492). S. G. Y. is partially supported by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE‐1243015. G. D. and S. G. Y. are supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. D. E. A. was supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship. We would like to thank Ulysses Ninnemann and Nil Irvali for providing Figure 19. We thank Mike Winton and Xiaoqin Yan for the internal review of the manuscript.
    Keywords: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ; Atlantic Multidecadal Variability ; Decadal Predictability ; Climate Impacts ; Paleo Reconstructions ; Climate Model Biases
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Atlantic circulation and ice sheet influences on upper South Atlantic temperatures during the last deglaciation (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Umling, N. E., Oppo, D. W., Chen, P., Yu, J., Liu, Z., Yan, M., Gebbie, G., Lund, D. C., Pietro, K. R., Jin, Z. D., Huang, K., Costa, K. B., & Toledo, F. A. L. Atlantic circulation and ice sheet influences on upper South Atlantic temperatures during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(6), (2019): 990-1005, doi:10.1029/2019PA003558.
    Description: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) disruption during the last deglaciation is hypothesized to have caused large subsurface ocean temperature anomalies, but records from key regions are not available to test this hypothesis, and other possible drivers of warming have not been fully considered. Here, we present the first reliable evidence for subsurface warming in the South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1, confirming the link between large‐scale heat redistribution and AMOC. Warming extends across the Bølling‐Allerød despite predicted cooling at this time, thus spanning intervals of both weak and strong AMOC indicating another forcing mechanism that may have been previously overlooked. Transient model simulations and quasi‐conservative water mass tracers suggest that reduced northward upper ocean heat transport was responsible for the early deglacial (Heinrich Stadial 1) accumulation of heat at our shallower (~1,100 m) site. In contrast, the results suggest that warming at our deeper site (~1,900 m) site was dominated by southward advection of North Atlantic middepth heat anomalies. During the Bølling‐Allerød, the demise of ice sheets resulted in oceanographic changes in the North Atlantic that reduced convective heat loss to the atmosphere, causing subsurface warming that overwhelmed the cooling expected from an AMOC reinvigoration. The data and simulations suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 did not contribute significantly to deglacial subsurface warming at our sites.
    Description: We thank H. Abrams, G. Swarr, and J. Watson for technical assistance. This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation grant OCE15‐558341, the Investment in Science Fund at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT140100993). The data are included in the supporting information and are available online (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26530).
    Keywords: Brazil margin ; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ; deglacial ; South Atlantic temperatures ; Mg/Li ; Cd/Ca
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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