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Digitale Medien

Velocity anomalies: An alternative explanation based on data from laboratory experiments (1978)

Lockner, D. A. ; Byerlee, J. D.

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 765-772

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Schlagwort(e): Velocity anomalies ; Microfractures ; Stick-slip

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract Locations and velocities were calculated for microseisms occurring in samples of rock subjected to triaxial loading and injection of pore fluid. This was accomplished by analyzing arrival times of acoustic emission using an automatic first arrival picker. Apparent velocity anomalies were observed prior to both failure of intact samples and violent slip in samples containing saw cuts. Further analysis revealed that these fluctuations in calculated velocity were not due to changes in the true seismie velocity. Instead, variations in calculated velocity are shown to be related to sampling errors in picking first arrivals. The systematic picking of late first arrivals for small magnitude events was found to be a persistent bias resulting in low calculated velocities. This has encouraged the reexamination of earthquake records to determine how important sampling biases are in contributing to reported velocity anomalies.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876537

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Digitale Medien

Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of stick-slip (1978)

Dieterich, James H.

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 790-806

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Schlagwort(e): Stick-slip ; Friction

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract Time-dependent increase of static friction is characteristic of rock friction undera variety of experimental circumstances. Data presented here show an analogous velocity-dependent effect. A theor of friction is proposed that establishes a common basis for static and sliding friction. Creep at points of contact causes increases in friction that are proportional to the logarithm of the time that the population of points of contact exist. For static friction that time is the time of stationary contact. For sliding friction the time of contact is determined by the critical displacement required to change the population of contacts and the slip velocity. An analysis of a one-dimensional spring and slider system shows that experimental observations establishing the transition from stable sliding to stick-slip to be a function of normal stress, stiffness and surface finish are a consequence of time-dependent friction.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876539

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Digitale Medien

Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena (1978)

Goodman, Richard E. ; Sundaram, P. N.

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 873-887

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Schlagwort(e): Stiffness ; Stick-slip ; Rock-mechanics

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Summary This paper discusses the influence of system stiffness on the dynamic instability of fault surfaces under laboratory conditions for a number of test modes. In conjunction with shear load stiffness, the normal load stiffness, often neglected, is shown to have a considerable effect on the stick-slip process —its presence or absence and its characteristics. Also appropriate stiffnesses are suggested for an earthquake sequence modeled as a growing dislocation.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876543

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Digitale Medien

Model studies of shear displacement along a pre-existing fault (1978)

Shamina, O. G. ; Pavlov, A. A. ; Strizhov, S. A.

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 900-912

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Schlagwort(e): Stick-slip ; Faulting experiments ; Rupture velocity

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract The faiture of pre-existing faults was studied experimentally and theoretically. The stress concentration around open and healed slits in plexiglas under uniaxial stress was calculated and compared to observations by Schlieren photographs. The rupture velocities along these pre-existing faults were found to vary from 0.25 of the shear velocity up to velocities slightly exceeding the shear velocity. Sudden fault dislocation was often preceded by stable sliding. The amplitudes of elastic waves radiated in the forward quadrant of the rupture were larger than the amplitudes in the backward quadrant.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876545

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