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  • Articles  (9)
  • Aerosol  (5)
  • Stick-slip  (4)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Cell Press
  • Oxford University Press
  • Sage Publications
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1945-1949
  • 2007
  • 2005
  • 1978  (9)
  • 1945
  • Geosciences  (9)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • Articles  (9)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Cell Press
  • Oxford University Press
  • Sage Publications
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1945-1949
Year
Topic
  • Geosciences  (9)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
  • Physics  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic compounds in aerosol samples (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 274-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Aerosol ; Clean air ; Organic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In 1975, aerosols were collected with high-volume-samplers and impactors on the west coast of Ireland. The ether extractable organic material (EEOM) was separated into three main fractions: bases (B), acids (A), and neutral compounds (N). Each fraction is a very complex mixture of numerous species. Detailed investigations were carried out on these three main fractions. The individual species were determined quantitatively by gas chromatography. Qualitative identification was done by combined GC-MS. The concentration of total particulate matter (TPM) was in the range of 10 μg/m3 (STP) air and the concentration of EEOM was ≈1 μg/m3. The relative composition of the EEOM with regard to the main fractions A, B, and N was N〉A〉B — the same as in previous measurements. Particles with radii 〈1 μm were investigated separately and showed an enrichment in organic matter. A comparison of individual species from several sample locations is now possible for then-paraffins C10 to C28. The concentrations of all thesen-paraffins are below 10 ng/m3, with no overall obvious preference for specific compounds and no obvious dependence on particle size above or below 1 μm radius. A preliminary survey does not show any characteristic differences in the relative composition of the organic constituents of clean air aerosols from different sampling localities. The relative composition with regard to the three main fractions is rather uniform in clean air samples and in samples from polluted regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity anomalies: An alternative explanation based on data from laboratory experiments (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 765-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Velocity anomalies ; Microfractures ; Stick-slip
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Locations and velocities were calculated for microseisms occurring in samples of rock subjected to triaxial loading and injection of pore fluid. This was accomplished by analyzing arrival times of acoustic emission using an automatic first arrival picker. Apparent velocity anomalies were observed prior to both failure of intact samples and violent slip in samples containing saw cuts. Further analysis revealed that these fluctuations in calculated velocity were not due to changes in the true seismie velocity. Instead, variations in calculated velocity are shown to be related to sampling errors in picking first arrivals. The systematic picking of late first arrivals for small magnitude events was found to be a persistent bias resulting in low calculated velocities. This has encouraged the reexamination of earthquake records to determine how important sampling biases are in contributing to reported velocity anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876537
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of stick-slip (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 790-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stick-slip ; Friction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-dependent increase of static friction is characteristic of rock friction undera variety of experimental circumstances. Data presented here show an analogous velocity-dependent effect. A theor of friction is proposed that establishes a common basis for static and sliding friction. Creep at points of contact causes increases in friction that are proportional to the logarithm of the time that the population of points of contact exist. For static friction that time is the time of stationary contact. For sliding friction the time of contact is determined by the critical displacement required to change the population of contacts and the slip velocity. An analysis of a one-dimensional spring and slider system shows that experimental observations establishing the transition from stable sliding to stick-slip to be a function of normal stress, stiffness and surface finish are a consequence of time-dependent friction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876539
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 873-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stiffness ; Stick-slip ; Rock-mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper discusses the influence of system stiffness on the dynamic instability of fault surfaces under laboratory conditions for a number of test modes. In conjunction with shear load stiffness, the normal load stiffness, often neglected, is shown to have a considerable effect on the stick-slip process —its presence or absence and its characteristics. Also appropriate stiffnesses are suggested for an earthquake sequence modeled as a growing dislocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876543
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination rates of small ions and their attachment to aerosol particles (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1101-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Aerosol ; Recombination ; Small ion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It could be shown by measurements of the air conductivity and using a mean profile for the ionization rate that experimental and theoretical values of the recombination rate of small ions based on a three body recombination process (Thomson) are in very good agreement up to 20 km altitude. The divergency of the experimental and theoretical curves above 20 km can be interpreted by assuming that there exists in this altitude region a crossover from the three body recombination to a two body recombination process. The value of the recombination coefficient is about 4·10−7 cm3 s−1 in 25 km altitude, compared with 1.4·10−6 cm3 s−1 at ground level. Furtheron it was possible for the first time to get some experimental data of attachment coefficients up to 13 km from simultaneous measurements of the air conductivity and Aitken nuclei concentration. These values are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874674
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airborne microorganisms: Their occurrence, distribution and dependence on environmental factors — Especially on organic compounds of air-pollution (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 335-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Aerosol ; Airborne microorganisms ; Air pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For a period of approximately six months the concentrations of airborne microorganisms were determined by the uptake of their day-characteristic at local places differing by the extent of air pollution. By simultaneously recording the meteorological parameters as temperature, relative humidity, direction and velocity of wind and intensity of solar radiation, it was intended to find out the relationship between these factors and the viability of airborne microorganisms. The present data show an oscillation of the concentration counts over a wide range and seem not yet to depend on the local situation of air pollution. In a further series of experiments the atmospheric aerosol 〈10 μm was collected on ‘air-filters’. The decreased substances were extracted from the filter material by aqueous and organic solutants and tested for their antimicrobial activities. In this context the seasonal dependence of the microbicidal activity of organic compounds of aerosol is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636890
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model studies of shear displacement along a pre-existing fault (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 900-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stick-slip ; Faulting experiments ; Rupture velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The faiture of pre-existing faults was studied experimentally and theoretically. The stress concentration around open and healed slits in plexiglas under uniaxial stress was calculated and compared to observations by Schlieren photographs. The rupture velocities along these pre-existing faults were found to vary from 0.25 of the shear velocity up to velocities slightly exceeding the shear velocity. Sudden fault dislocation was often preceded by stable sliding. The amplitudes of elastic waves radiated in the forward quadrant of the rupture were larger than the amplitudes in the backward quadrant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876545
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of organic aerosol constituents on extinction and absorption coefficients and liquid water contents of fogs and clouds (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Absorption ; Aerosol ; Cloud
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have speculated on the influence of organic material on extinction and absorption coefficients and liquid water content of fogs and of clouds immediately after their condensational stage. It results therefore, that the reduction of the speed of growth from fog to cloud droplets due to the presence of organic films largely reduces the properties mentioned. Compared to that their increase coming from the surface tension reduction due to organic material being dissolved or building up films is expected to be less effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636886
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of organic material in atmospheric aerosols (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Aerosol ; Aitken particle ; Organic material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An estimated budget of organic substances in the atmosphere is compiled to whow the importance of organics in the aerosol. The distribution of organic compounds in background aerosols is estimated and it will be shown that the Aitken particles probably consist of roughly one quarter of organic substances. This is important for the dynamics of the aerosol and calculations are presented to estimate the aerosol production distribution for gas-to-particle conversion processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636885
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