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  • taxonomy  (37)
  • Springer  (37)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1991  (37)
  • 1941
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  • Springer  (37)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chrysophyte stomatocyst taxonomy — classification of snowflakes? (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 6 (1991), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Chrysophyceae ; stomatocysts ; biogenic silica deposition ; polymer gels ; surface pattern ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The utility of classifying chrysophyte stomatocysts by their characteristic honeycomb and ridge patterns is questioned, because a strikingly similar expanding pattern appears on the surface of ionized polymer gels during osmotical swelling as a result of simple physical forces. The rapid accumulation of silicate into a spherical cyst inside a chrysophyte cell appears to be as a physical process sufficiently similar to result in an analogous pattern in microscopic scale. Chrysophyte stomatocysts that possess honeycomb or ridge patterns could be regarded as ‘frozen moments’ of the pattern evolution during the silicate gel phase. As a consequence, such structures should have little taxonomical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233074
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thaumatomyrmex strips millipedes for prey: a novel predatory behaviour in ants, and the first case of sympatry in the genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 38 (1991), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Thaumatomyrmex ; taxonomy ; comparative morphology ; predation ; Polyxenidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We describe, for the first time, the predatory behaviour ofThaumatomyrmex ants on millipedes of the family Polyxenidae, based on field observations ofT. atrox and a field and laboratory study ofT. contumax. The capture of the prey and the removal process of its body-covering setae by the ants before they eat the millipede are described. This specialized behaviour in at least two species of the genus, belonging to two distinct groups of species, indicates a general trend inThaumatomyrmex. We coupled this study with a comparative morphological analysis of the mouthparts and digestive tube of these and otherThaumatomyrmex species. Also, we report the first case of sympatry in the genus, which suggests thatThaumatomyrmex includes several species, and not only one highly variable taxon, as hypothetized earlier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241869
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representations of the Natural System in the Nineteenth century (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 6 (1991), S. 255-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Classification ; diagrams ; evolution ; history ; natural history ; natural system ; ornithology ; phylogeny ; representation ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract ‘The Natural System’ is the abstract notion of the order in living diversity. The richness and complexity of this notion is revealed by the diversity of representations of the Natural System drawn by ornithologists in the Nineteenth Century. These representations varied in overall form from stars, to circles, to maps, to evolutionary trees and cross-sections through trees. They differed in their depiction of affinity, analogy, continuity, directionality, symmetry, reticulation and branching, evolution, and morphological convergence and divergence. Some representations were two-dimensional, and some were three-dimensional; n-dimensional representations were discussed but never illustrated. The study of diagrammatic representations of the Natural System is made difficult by the frequent failure of authors to discuss them in their texts, and by the consequent problem of distinguishing features which carried meaning from arbitrary features and printing conventions which did not. Many of the systematics controversies of the last thirty years have their roots in the conceptual problems which surrounded the Natural System in the late 1800s, problems which were left unresolved when interest in higher-level systematics declined at the turn of this century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426840
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  • 4
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    Biostatistical studies on western EuropeanDactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)—theD. maculata group (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 175 (1991), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Dactylorhiza ; D. maculata ; D. fuchsii ; D. saccifera ; D. caramulensis ; Biostatistics ; multivariate analysis ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Flora of Western-Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multivariate analysis tools are exploited on a data set composed of quantitative characteristics collected on 35 populations of plants of theDactylorhiza maculata (L.)Soó group from Western-Europe. These samples lead to four well-defined clusters; this, together with qualitative, cytological and ecological arguments, allows for the recognition of four specific entities:D. maculata s.str.,D. fuchsii (Druce)Soó,D. saccifera (Brongn.)Soó andD. caramulensis (Vermeulen)Tyteca. It is concluded that the floral characters play an essential role in the taxonomical distinction. It also appears that the set of characters measured, as well as the methods exploited, are especially well-suited and valuable tools for the morphological study of the genusDactylorhiza.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00942145
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    The morphology, taxonomy and evolution ofRhodocoma (Restionaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 175 (1991), S. 139-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Restionaceae ; Rhodocoma ; Speciation ; phylogeny ; culm anatomy ; rhizome anatomy ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Flora of Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vegetative and reproductive morphology, culm and rhizome anatomy and seed surface micromorphology ofRhodocoma are described. It is shown that this variation is best contained by recognizing three new species in the genus. These new taxa are described, and the phylogeny of the genus is investigated by cladistic analysis. The environmental parameters and distributions of the species are related to the cladogram. This suggests that the species are at present ecologically separated, and indicates that the speciation may have been sympatric. This is the first support for the hypothesis that sympatric speciation may have been important in the speciose Cape flora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937843
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Variation patterns in a leaf beet (Beta vulgaris, Chenopodiaceae) germplasm collection (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 176 (1991), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Chenopodiaceae ; Beta bulgaris L ; Germplasm collections ; taxonomy ; single linkage cluster analysis ; principal component analysis ; variation patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the variation pattern in leaf beets. 42 biennial samples from a total of 74 entries were described by 17 characters. A group of presumably less selected leaf beets (group A) with narrow petioles was separated from more advanced cultivars by single linkage cluster (SLCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). SLCA sorted the more advanced cultivars into two groups (B and C) based on a simply inherited trait, the leaf colour. These two groups could virtually not be discerned by PCA. Group A contained germplasm similar to provar.vulgaris sensuHelm whereas accessions within group B and C did not easily fit into provar.flavescens. It seems that classical taxonomy does not predict the features of leaf beets precisely enough. It is suggested that this problem can be solved by replacing classical taxonomy in the case of leaf beets by a descriptive database.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937941
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  • 7
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    Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribeInuleae (Asteraceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 176 (1991), S. 75-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Inuleae s. str. ; Cladistics ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interrelationships of the tribeInuleae s. str. have been analysed with a computerized parsimony program (Hennig 86), using theArctotideae as functional outgroup. The results are illustrated with a cladogram and a strict consensus tree. A detailed character discussion is presented. Descriptions of all genera are supplied with brief notes on distribution, references to chemical investigations, and chromosome numbers. Lists of recognized species are also presented in connection to each genus, respectively. 21 new combinations are made, one new genus,Xerolekia A. Anderb., is described,Mollera is reduced to a synonym ofCalostephane, and the genusDuhaldea is resuscitated.Anisopappus was found to be a paraphyletic basal group in the tribe. The paleate generaAsteriscus, Nauplius, Ighermia, Buphthalmum, andXerolekia form one monophyletic group,Inula and other, similar genera were found to constitute the ancestral complex of thePulicaria group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937947
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  • 8
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    Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribePlucheeae (Asteraceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 176 (1991), S. 145-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Plucheeae ; Cladistics ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The tribePlucheeae (Benth.)A. Anderb., has been analysed cladistically by means of a computerized parsimony program (Hennig 86), using theArctotideae as outgroup. The results of the analysis are presented in a consensus tree and one cladogram. Four major monophyletic subgroups can be recognized: TheColeocoma group (3 genera), thePterocaulon group (3 genera), theLaggera group (6 genera), and thePluchea group (12 genera). All recognized genera are described and most genera are supplied with taxonomical notes including comments on their taxonomic status. Genera such asBlumea, Pluchea, andEpaltes are demonstrated to be unnatural assemblages.Monarrhenus andTessaria are both closely related to thePluchea complex. The old generic nameLitogyne Harv. has been taken up for one species ofEpaltes, the genusRhodogeron is reduced to a synonym ofSachsia, and the following new combinations are made;Litogyne gariepina (DC.)A. Anderb., andSachsia coronopifolia (Griseb.)A. Anderb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937905
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  • 9
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    A taxonomic analysis of seed proteins inPinus spp.(Pinaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 178 (1991), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Gymnosperms ; Pinaceae ; Pinus ; Seed proteins ; SDS-PAGE ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed storage proteins have proved to be a powerful biochemical marker for taxonomic research, but they have not been extensively employed in forest tree studies. In order to improve the understanding of the taxonomy of the genusPinus, total seed proteins of 12 pine species have been analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The results showed the presence, in the genusPinus, of two main sub-taxa, corresponding to the subgeneraHaploxylon andDiploxylon. Differences and affinities between Mediterranean pine species were found in agreement with classification ofKlaus (1989).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937981
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  • 10
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    Chloroplast DNA analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and related species for their taxonomic affinity (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Eggplant ; non-tuberous Solanum ; chloroplast DNA ; taxonomy ; species relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from Solanum incanum, a wild relative of eggplant, was used to probe total DNA of Solanum melongena (eggplant). The DNA fragments detected were the same as observed using purified chloroplast DNA. Chloroplast DNAs were also analysed for nine species of Solanum that are cross-compatible with eggplant: S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi, S. gilo, S. incanum, S. indicum, S. integrifolium, S. macrocarpon, S. olivare and S. panduriforme. Restriction fragments generated by eight enzymes were recorded as present or absent, and a matrix for all fragment positions, species and enzymes was used for cluster analysis. In the resulting dendrogram, the species tested formed three distinct groups: (1) S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi, S. gilo, S. indicum, S. integrifolium and S. olivare, (2) S. incanum, S. melongena and S. panduriforme, (3) S. macrocarpon. Six species of the first group belonging to section Oliganthes appears more closely related to the second group members belonging to section Melongena than does S. macrocarpon, which also belongs to section Melongena. Within the second group, S. panduriforme is slightly more like eggplant than is S. incanum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022555
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  • 11
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    Determination of genetic variation and taxonomy in lentil (Lens Miller) species by chloroplast DNA polymorphism (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 56 (1991), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chloroplast DNA ; Lens ; polymorphism ; restriction fragments ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment lenght polymorphisms (RFLP) were used to examine the taxonomic relationships of cultivated and wild lentil (Lens Miller) species and identify the extent of genetic variation in this genus. Twelve accessions representing all Lens subspecies were digested with four hexanucleotide-recognizing restriction endonucleases. These digests randomly surveyed 540 base pairs, or 0.4% of the approximately 125 kilobase lentil chloroplast genome. A high degree of gragment length conservation was seen among members of crossability group I, i.e., L. c. ssp. culinaris, L. c. ssp. orientalis and L. c. ssp. odemensis. Accessions of the two subspecies comprising crossability group II, i.e., L. n. ssp. nigricans and L. n. ssp. ervoides, showed the greatest amount of variation when compared to the cultivated lentil, L. c. ssp. culinaris. Limited variation was observed within subspecies except for L. n. ssp. nigricans, where accessions of the normal cytotype were highly polymorphic to those of the differentiated cytotype. Chloroplast DNA RFLPs reaffirm hypotheses that propose L. c. ssp. orientalis as the progenitor to the cultivated lentil. The implications of this study on taxonomy and genetic resources is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042366
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  • 12
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    TheAnabaena-Azolla symbiosis: Diversity and relatedness of neotropical host taxa (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 137 (1991), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: azolla ; DNA polymorphisms ; isoenzymes ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract TheAnabaena-Azolla association has proved to be an effective biofertilizer in tropical regions of wetland rice production. Three neotropical host species,A. microphylla, A. caroliniana, andA. mexicana, are similar in vegetative morphology (growth habits, frond dimensions, trichome cell number) and ecophysiology (relative heat tolerance). They were observed during our investigation to also be genetically alike and distinct from other taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187450
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  • 13
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    Freshwater snails of São Tomé, with special reference to Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg), host of Schistosoma intercalatum (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 209 (1991), S. 141-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bulinus ; Schistosoma intercalatum ; Africa ; São Tomé ; taxonomy ; schistosomiasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract São Tomé Island has 3 known taxa of freshwater gastropod, here identified to species for the first time; Neritina afra Sowerby, Ferrissia eburnensis Binder and a distinctive form of Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg). The Bulinus acts as intermediate host for the parasite Schistosoma intercalatum Fisher, the cause of human schistosomiasis in foci of infection detected in recent years on São Tomé. A morphological characterization of this snail is presented, in respect of the shell, radula and copulatory organ. It is compared with B. forskalii populations sampled on the African mainland (Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Angola) and with related taxa. Despite differences in the shell from the commonly found form of B. forskalii it seems appropriate to identify the São Tomé population as an extreme conchological variant of this taxon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006926
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  • 14
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    Anuraeopsis miraclei, a new planktonic rotifer species in karstic lakes of Spain (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 209 (1991), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anuraeopsis ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Weber's organ ; stratified karstic lakes ; chemocline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two taxa of Anuraeopsis, A. fissa fissa (Gosse, 1851) and A. miraclei nov. spec. occur in meromictic and stratified karstic lakes in Spain. They coexist, but may also live separated in different strata with A. miraclei restricted to a zone near the chemocline, characterized by low temperatures and low oxygen concentrations. The two Anuraeopsis species differ from each other in size, shape, structure and thickness of the lorica, size of the trophi elements, shape of Weber's organ, and egg-structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006929
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  • 15
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    Branchipus cortesi n. sp.: a new anostracan from western Spain (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 212 (1991), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anostraca ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; ecology ; Branchipus ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Branchipus cortesi, n. sp. (Anostraca, Branchipodidae) is characterized by the broadly enlarged distal segments of male antenna 2, and a combination of morphological features concerning thoracic limbs, abdominal segments and egg morphology. The species occurs in temporary fresh water bodies in flatlands with temperate Mediterranean climate; it is distributed in the south-western part of Spain. Our study includes a morphological analysis using optical and scanning electronic microscopes. Questions about ecology and distribution of the new species are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026004
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  • 16
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    The fairy shrimp Chirocephalus brevipalpis (Orghidan, 1953), (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Yugoslavia (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 212 (1991), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fairy shrimp Chirocephalus brevipalpis (Orghidan, 1953) has been found in the Srem-district, Northern Yugoslavia, at the southern margin of the Pannonian lowland. It is the second record of the species, which had been reported only from Banat province, Romania. Since the specimens from Yugoslavia show some morphological differences with the typical form, a detailed description and illustration of essential taxonomic features in each sex are presented. The specific characters of the population of Srem are not sufficient to establish a new species, and fall within the intraspecific variability of Chirocephalus brevipalpis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026009
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  • 17
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    Intrageneric differences in cystocarp structure in Gelidium and Pterocladia (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 221 (1991), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cystocarps ; Gelidium ; morphological variability ; Pterocladia ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Unilocular cystocarps, with ostioles opening to one frond surface, have traditionally distinguished Pterocladia from Gelidium, described as having bilocular cystocarps, with ostioles opening to both surfaces; however, unequally developed locules have been described in Pterocladia and differences in cystocarpic architecture between Pterocladia capillacea and the type species of the genus, P. lucida, have been recently found. As heterogeneity in cystocarp architecture raises questions of basic intergeneric distinction, a survey of reproductive morphology of species in both genera is presented in this study. Six morphologically-different types of cystocarps are distinguished among the five species of Pterocladia and the seven species of Gelidium examined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028358
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  • 18
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    Review of Iberian Cladocera with remarks on ecology and biogeography (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Iberian Cladocera ; taxonomy ; ecology ; biogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A checklist of 88 freshwater Cladocera from the Iberian Peninsula is given, based on the examination of approximately 1500 samples collected from all parts of the peninsula from 1976 to 1989. Ecology and species assemblages are considered. Distribution of the species versus regional limnology of the Iberian Peninsula is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028383
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  • 19
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    On the presence of the genus Branchinecta Verrill, 1869 (Crustacea, Anostraca) in Yugoslavia (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 226 (1991), S. 17-27 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchinecta ; Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography ; Yugoslavia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genus Branchinecta Verrill, 1869 is represented in Yugoslavia by two species: Branchinecta ferox (Milne-Edwards, 1840) and Branchinecta orientalis G.O. Sars, 1901. The first species was collected in the steppe-like province of Banat, Pannonian Lowland, and in the lowland around the Skadar Lake, Montenegro, the second only in the province of Banat. On the basis of rich material of both species, a detailed study of the most essential morphological characters has been carried out and comparisons have been made with data in the literature. In B. ferox, significant morphological deviations are not found, whereas, in B. orientalis, essential features are clearly ascertained which were previously unknown or were not stated with sufficient precision. B. ferox is known to appear in small, temporary, natronsoda water rainpools, while B. orientalis has been found in a large temporary inundation pool with a high content of natronsoda and salt in the water.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007776
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  • 20
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    A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from California, and a revision of some Halicyclops material in the collections of the US Museum of Natural History (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 226 (1991), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Copepoda Cyclopoida ; animal distribution ; Pacific Fauna ; Brackish water crustaceans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Halicyclops hurlberti, a new species of cyclopoid copepod, is described from San Diego, California. Specimens identified by C.D. Marsh as H. aequoreus kept in the US Museum of Natural History were checked and placed in the species H. cf. clarkei Herbst and H. fosteri M. S. Wilson. The description of these two species is being emended.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007777
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  • 21
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    Actual state of gammaridean amphipoda taxonomy and catalogue of species from Chile (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 223 (1991), S. 47-68 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chile ; amphipoda ; gammaridea ; taxonomy ; catalogue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomy of gammaridean amphipods is poorly known in Chile. The lack of literature has discouraged investigation of this group, which has been overlooked for years. This has led to the exclusion of amphipods from biological and ecological studies done in our country. I present here a preliminary report on the actual state of the group with reference mainly to its taxonomy, ecological studies and a species catalogue. I have only included species from continental Chile north of 56 °S, Juan Fernandez Archipelago and Isla de Pascua. Species from Chilean Subantarctic and Antarctic waters are excluded, because they are well covered by other authors. There are 168 known for Chile, 36 of them undescribed or with their status not clear. This report is based on a revision of the species recorded for Chile, analysis of samples from the Chilean coast and the work of ecologists who are using the group as material for study.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047628
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    Karyological and taxonomic studies of Dugesia japonica from the Southwest Islands of Japan-II (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 227 (1991), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Dugesia ; karyology ; taxonomy ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of Dugesia japonica from the southern part of the Southwest Islands of Japan (the Nansei Shotô) include diploidy, triploidy, mixoploidy, and mixoaneuploidy. Animals having karyotypes based on n = 8 were found on Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island, Iriomote Island, and Yonaguni Island, while animals having karyotypes based on n = 7 were found on Okinawa Island, Miyako Island, and Ishigaki Island. Toward the northern end of this island chain, at Tanegashima Island, Yakushima Island, and Amami-Ôshima Island, karyotypes based on n = 8 occurred; and on one of these, Tanegashima Island, n = 7 also occurred. Our data provide further support of the karyotypical distinction between the two subspecies of D. japonica: D. j. japonica has karyotypes based on n = 8 and D. j. ryukyuensis has karyotypes based on n = 7. Taking into consideration the geological history of the Southwest Islands and the ties of their faunas to those of adjacent areas, we can explain the current geographical distribution of the two subspecies in these islands as the result of two separate invasions by D. japonica, one in the Miocene and one after the early Quaternary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027596
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    Methods for taxonomic and distributional studies of terrestrial flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 227 (1991), S. 349-352 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Tricladida ; Terricola ; taxonomy ; methodology ; microtechnique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Traditionally used methods for collecting and preserving terrestrial flatworms have proved deficient in various respects. Comparison of methods for preparing these animals for taxonomic study has shown that preservation of morphological characters can best be achieved using formaldehyde-calcium-cobalt fixative and subsequent storage in an aqueous solution of propylene phenoxetol plus propylene glycol and that the best-lasting histological preparations make use of light-fast, oxidation-resistant dyes and synthetic mounting media with an anti-oxidant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027621
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    Nematocysts of sea anemones (Actiniaria, Ceriantharia and Corallimorpharia: Cnidaria): nomenclature (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 691-697 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nematocysts ; sea anemones ; Anthozoa ; taxonomy ; identification ; nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A brief historical review of nematocyst terminology is given and three nomenclatural problems are discussed. It is proposed to combine the terms initiated by Weill (1934) with those of Schmidt (1969). A new mesobasic grade, intermediate between microbasic and macrobasic is proposed for amastigophores and p-mastigophores possessing a short Faltstück. A more liberal interpretation of Weill's (1934) terminology for nematocysts than that proposed by Cutress (1955) is suggested in respect of microbasic amastigophores and p-mastigophores. Basitrichs and b-mastigophores continue to be recognized as separate categories.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026532
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    A new freshwater heteronemertean from the Zhujiang (Pearl River), People's Republic of China (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 220 (1991), S. 167-178 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: heteronemertea ; freshwater ; Pearl River ; taxonomy ; Amniclineus zhujiangensis gen. et sp. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus and species of freshwater heteronemertean, Amniclineus zhujiangensis, from the Zhujiang (Pearl River), People's Republic of China, is described and illustrated. The species is placed in the family Lineidae along with the existing freshwater heteronemertean taxa, with which its anatomy is compared.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006550
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    Additional cladoceran records for Mantecal and new for Venezuela (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 45-62 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Venezuela
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 24 cladoceran species were found in collections from several fresh waterbodies, including environmental samples and gut contents of small micro-characid fishes from Mantecal (Apure state). Nine of these were new records for Venezuela and 18 for the Mantecal area. Brief descriptions of locations and species, including range-distribution, are given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028384
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    The genus Diaphanosoma (Ctenopoda: Sididae) in Spain (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 23-35 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cladocera ; Diaphanosoma ; biogeography ; taxonomy ; ecology ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During a 1987–88 extensive limnological study of Spanish reservoirs, euplanktonic cladocerans were sampled all around the country. Two species of Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 were recorded, viz D. mongolianum Uéno, 1938 and D. brachyurum (Liévin, 1848). Morphological descriptions of both species are presented, especially of the thoracic limbs, together with notes on their ecology. Both species present a clear allopatric distribution, D. brachyurum inhabiting waters with a low Total Dissolved Salt (TDS) content, which equilibrated relative ionic composition, characteristic of a narrow strip in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula; on the contrary, D. mongolianum inhabits waters with high TDS values and high content of sulphate or chloride, characteristic of the central and southern regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028382
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    A comparison of populations from the Daphnia similis group (Cladocera: Daphniidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 9-22 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Cladocera ; Daphniidae ; Daphnia ; Ctenodaphnia ; taxonomy ; biology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract European populations of Daphnia similis Claus have been compared with populations from tropical Asia. Daphnia similoides n. sp. from tropical Asia was described as the sibling species of D. similis. The female has characteristic neonate, postabdomen, head, and ephippium. The male has characteristic rostrum, antennules, and the distalmost part of the postabdomen. The D. similis group was compared with D. carinata s. str. Australian populations.
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    Karyology of four land-planarian species of the genus Bipalium from Japan (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 227 (1991), S. 163-167 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Bipalium ; karyology ; taxonomy ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have employed a new scale for characterizing chromosomal forms in the karyotypes of four species of Bipalium from five localities in Japan. Specimens of Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu et Makino, 1982, from Yokohama had a diploid chromosome number of 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + st & sm + 2sm); specimens of the same species from Toyonaka had this number as well but with slightly different chromosomal form (2m + 2sm + sm & st + 2st + m & sm). An undescribed species from Sanjô, Bipalium sp. 2, with two dorsal stripes and a yellow head crescent, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m); and another undescribed species from Chichijima Island, Bipalium sp. 3, with five dorsal stripes, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m). A non-sexual bipaliid tentatively identified as Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, from Chichijima Island had 2x = 18 (2m + 2m + 2m + 2sm + 2st + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm).
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    Septal micropores in Zygozyma and their taxonomic significance (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 77-80 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Lipomycetaceae ; micropores ; taxonomy ; yeasts ; Zygozyma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Septal micropores or plasmadesmal canals have been observed in two species of the lipomycetaceous genus Zygozyma. The presence of these canals is considered as further evidence for the connexion between the Lipomycetaceae and the Dipodascaceae. The genus Zygozyma has been emended.
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    Cryptococcus yarrowii sp. nov., a novel yeast species from Portugal (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 177-181 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Cryptococcus yarrowii ; yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel species of the basidiomycetous genusCryptococcus is described asCr. yarrowii based on the study of an isolate from a decayed mushroom collected in Portugal. DNA-DNA homology with the type strain of the phenotypically similar speciesCr. albidus was 10±2%.
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    Fellomyces horovitziae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Fellomyces horovitziae ; basidiomycetous yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of the genusFellomyces, F. horovitziae, was isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp. It differs from other accepted species in its carbon assimilation pattern, mol% G+C and low DNA-DNA homology. The delimiting characters are discussed and a key to the genus is provided.
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    Karyology and hyphal characters as taxonomic criteria in Ascomycetous black yeasts and related fungi (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60 (1991), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Aureobasidium ; Hormonema ; Hortaea ; Ramichloridium ; Zasmidium ; karyology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mycelial development of seventy-three strains of black yeasts and related fungi were studied, and numbers of nuclei per hyphal cell were counted. Two main patterns were apparent in expanding hyphae, viz. (1) uninucleate expanding hyphal cells, septum formation strictly following mitosis, and (2) multinucleate, branched, aseptate hyphal tips, septa being formed in a later stage, leading to oligo- or uninucleate mature cells. Characteristic genera in the two groups areExophiala andAureobasidium, respectively. InZasmidium and in someRamichloridium species all mycelial cells are oligonucleate. The character is indicative for relationships at the family level in black yeasts.
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    Occurrence and taxonomic aspects of proton movements coupled to sugar transport in the yeast genusKluyveromyces (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 199-206 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: yeast ; systematics ; taxonomy ; proton symport ; sugar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of proton symport mechanisms for the transport of glucose, galactose, fructose, raffinose and sucrose in 21 yeast strains representing the species of the genusKluyveromyces was surveyed. Proton symport of one or more sugars occurred in 57% of the strains. Similarly, all the sugars investigated were transported by symports by several strains. Symport systems for non-utilisable sugars were rare. Starvation of cells frequently resulted in the appearance of a symport absent in non-starved glucose-grown cells, indicating that repression of proton symports by glucose and subsequent derepression by starvation is a general phenomenon in members ofKluyveromyces. The addition of a sugar to cell suspensions resulted in acidification in 80% of cases, indicating the activity of a membrane-bound ATPase. Acidification was also observed with a number of sugars that cannot be utilised by the particular species. Interesting correlations between the number of proton symports and the abundance of other phenotypic characteristics in members of the genus emerged. Most members of the infertile group of species showing an increase in the number of small chromosomes, inability to produce well-developed pseudomycelium, linoleic and linolenic acid, a decrease in the number of carbon compounds utilised and inability to utilise ethylamine also had no proton symports, whereas most members of the interfertile species produced one or more proton symports. It was concluded that the distribution of the number of proton symports amongstKluyveromyces species coincided with that of other positive characteristics and may therefore be of taxonomic value.
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    The variation of Halocordyle disticha (Cnidaria, Athecata) from the Brazilian coast: an environmental indicator species? (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cnidaria ; Halocordyle ; indicator species ; taxonomy ; Brazil ; intraspecific variation ; phenotypic response ; cnidome ; biometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rediscovery of Halocardyle fragilis Vannucci, of which the type material is lost, led us to consider it a variety of Halocardyle disticha (Goldfuss) that occurs in calm waters on soft bottoms. The typical H. disticha is open feather-shaped, with branching in one plane, while H. fragilis is bushy, much larger, with branching in many planes. The different habit of H. disticha is probably due to environmental conditions. The bushy and pinnate forms are considered extremes of a range of morphological variation.
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    A jellyfish-eating sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from Palau: Entacmaea medusivora sp. nov. (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 453-461 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Actiniidae ; planulae ; taxonomy ; zooxanthellae ; diet ; feeding ; predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Entacmaea medusivora sp. nov., a member of the family Actiniidae, inhabits Jellyfish Lake in Palau, western Caroline Islands, and eats the rhizostome jellyfish Mastigias papua. The anemone is azooxanthellate, despite its jellyfish prey containing symbiotic algae. Well fed anemones released ciliated planula-like larvae in the laboratory when maintained at more than 30 °C. It could not be determined whether the larvae, which usually settled around the parent within 24 h of release, were produced sexually or asexually.
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    Morphological differences between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island Sound, USA (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 471-477 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Scyphozoa ; Cyanea ; speciation ; biogeography ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two populations of Cyanea, one in the Niantic River estuary and the other in the adjacent Niantic Bay portion of Long Island Sound, were studied for more than a decade. The estuary and the bay are connected by a narrow channel: this and hydrographic features constrain transport between them. Specimens from each site exhibit morphological and seasonal differences comparable to those which distinguish C. capillata from C. lamarckii in European waters. Reproducing River medusae never cooccurred with reproducing Bay medusae. Estuarine jellyfish are sometimes found in the Bay, but reproducing individuals have not been seen there. Reproductively mature Bay jellyfish occasionally appear in the River, but benthic samples show that they do not deposit planulae at this site and thus do not contribute to the next generation of medusae in the River. Such differences suggest an absence of gene flow between these two populations, indicating that the River medusae and Bay medusae might be separate species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026501
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