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  • Articles  (4,387)
  • Copernicus  (2,926)
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  • Articles  (4,387)
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  • 2015-2019  (4,316)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Stochastic downscaling of precipitation in complex orography: a simple method to reproduce a realistic fine-scale climatology〈/b〉〈br〉 Silvia Terzago, Elisa Palazzi, and Jost von Hardenberg〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2825-2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2825-2018, 2018〈br〉 This study proposes a modification to a stochastic downscaling method for precipitation, RainFARM, to improve the representation of the statistics of the daily precipitation at fine scales (1 km) in mountain areas. This method has been demonstrated in the Alps and it has been found to reconstruct small-scale precipitation distribution. It can be employed in a number of applications, including the analysis of extreme events and their statistics and hydrometeorological hazards.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉High-spatial resolution probability maps of drought duration and magnitude across Spain〈/b〉〈br〉 Fernando Domínguez-Castro, Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano, Miquel Tomás-Burguera, Marina Peña-Gallardo, Santiago Beguería, Ahmed El Kenawy, Yolanda Luna, and Ana Morata〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-289,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We mapped – for the first time – the probability of occurrence of drought over Spain, with the overriding aim of improving current drought assessment, management and mitigation measures and strategies across the region. Spatially, our estimations suggest a higher probability of extreme drought events in southern and central areas of Spain, compared to northern and eastern regions. Nevertheless, there are strong differences between drought indices, as well as among drought timescales.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Challenges to implementing bottom-up flood risk decision analysis frameworks: how strong are social networks of flooding professionals?〈/b〉〈br〉 James O. Knighton, Osamu Tsuda, Rebecca Elliott, and M. Todd Walter〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5657-5673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5657-2018, 2018〈br〉 Decision-making for flood risk management is often the collective effort of professionals within government, NGOs, private practice, and advocacy groups. Our research investigates differences among flood experts within Tompkins County, New York (USA). We explore how they differ in their perceptions of flooding risk, desired project outcomes, and knowledge. We observe substantial differences among experts, and recommend formally acknowledging these perceptions when engaging in flood management.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A General Analytical Model for Head Response to Oscillatory Pumping in Unconfined Aquifers: Consider the Effects of Delayed Gravity Drainage and Initial Condition〈/b〉〈br〉 Ching-Sheng Huang, Ya-Hsin Tsai, Hund-Der Yeh, and Tao Yang〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-482,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 2 comments)〈br〉 This study develops a new model describing head fluctuation induced by oscillatory pumping test (OPT) in unconfined aquifer with the effects of delayed gravity drainage (DGD) and initial condition regarding the hydraulic head prior to OPT. The DGD reduces to instantaneous gravity drainage when a dimensionless parameter exceeds 500. A pseudo-steady state model excluding initial condition causes a time shift from the actual transient model in predicting simple harmonic motion of head fluctuation.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-2116
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Direct or indirect recharge on groundwater in the middle-latitude desert of Otindag, China?〈/b〉〈br〉 Bing-Qi Zhu, Xiao-Zong Ren, and Patrick Rioual〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-395,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Although rainfall is scarce in global deserts, the Otindag Desert is abundant of water resources (mainly groundwater). To understand the water origin in this desert, stable and radioactive isotopes and hydrochemistry of natural waters were investigated. The groundwaters in the desert were young but not of meteoric origin, i.e., out of control by the modern and palaeo- direct recharge. The tectonic control, but not the climate control, is essentially responsible for the water origin there.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Direct or indirect recharge on groundwater in the middle-latitude desert of Otindag, China?〈/b〉〈br〉 Bing-Qi Zhu, Xiao-Zong Ren, and Patrick Rioual〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-395,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Although rainfall is scarce in global deserts, the Otindag Desert is abundant of water resources (mainly groundwater). To understand the water origin in this desert, stable and radioactive isotopes and hydrochemistry of natural waters were investigated. The groundwaters in the desert were young but not of meteoric origin, i.e., out of control by the modern and palaeo- direct recharge. The tectonic control, but not the climate control, is essentially responsible for the water origin there.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Monitoring Groundwater Storage Depletion Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Data in the Semi-Arid Catchments〈/b〉〈br〉 Nizar Abou Zaki, Ali Torabi Haghighi, Pekka M. Rossi, Mohammad J. Tourian, and Bjørn Klove〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-471,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Groundwater is considered a main source of fresh water in semi-arid climatic zones, especially for agricultural usage. This study compares in-situ groundwater volume variation measurements with GRACE derived water mass data. The study concludes the possibility of using GRACE data to monitor groundwater depletion in catchments that lack measured data. GRACE data can here help in drawing general conclusions for integrated water resources management, and sustainable usage of this resources.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Stochastic hydrogeology's biggest hurdles analyzed and its big blind spot〈/b〉〈br〉 Yoram Rubin, Ching-Fu Chang, Jiancong Chen, Karina Cucchi, Bradley Harken, Falk Heße, and Heather Savoy〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5675-5695, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5675-2018, 2018〈br〉 This paper addresses questions related to the adoption of stochastic methods in hydrogeology, looking at factors such as environmental regulations, financial incentives, higher education, and the collective feedback loop involving these factors. We show that stochastic hydrogeology's blind spot is in focusing on risk while ignoring uncertainty, to the detriment of its potential clients. The imbalance between the treatments of risk and uncertainty is shown to be common to multiple disciplines.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Monitoring Groundwater Storage Depletion Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Data in the Semi-Arid Catchments〈/b〉〈br〉 Nizar Abou Zaki, Ali Torabi Haghighi, Pekka M. Rossi, Mohammad J. Tourian, and Bjørn Klove〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-471,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Groundwater is considered a main source of fresh water in semi-arid climatic zones, especially for agricultural usage. This study compares in-situ groundwater volume variation measurements with GRACE derived water mass data. The study concludes the possibility of using GRACE data to monitor groundwater depletion in catchments that lack measured data. GRACE data can here help in drawing general conclusions for integrated water resources management, and sustainable usage of this resources.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Wave run-up prediction and observation in a micro-tidal beach〈/b〉〈br〉 Diana Di Luccio, Guido Benassai, Giorgio Budillon, Luigi Mucerino, Raffaele Montella, and Eugenio Pugliese Carratelli〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2841-2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2841-2018, 2018〈br〉 Forecasting and hindcasting the action of sea storms on piers, coastal structures and beaches is important to mitigate their effects. To this end, with particular regard to low coasts and beaches, we have configured a computational model chain based partly on open-access models and partly on an ad-hoc-developed numerical calculator to evaluate beach wave run-up levels. The results were validated by a set of specially conceived video-camera-based experiments on a micro-tidal beach.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Evaluation of soil moisture from CCAM-CABLE simulation, satellite based models estimates and satellite observations: Skukuza and Malopeni flux towers regional case study〈/b〉〈br〉 Floyd Vukosi Khosa, Mohau Jacob Mateyisi, Martina Reynita van Der Merwe, Gregor Timothy Feig, Francois Alwyn Engelbrecht, and Michael John Savage〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-546,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The paper evaluates soil moisture outputs from three structurally distinct models against in situ data. Our goal is to find how site and region representative the model outputs are. This is a question of interest as some of the models have a specific regional focus on their inceptions. Much focus is placed on how the models capture the soil moisture signal. We find that there is agreement on seasonal patterns between the models and observations with a tolerable level of model uncertainty.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Wave run-up prediction and observation in a micro-tidal beach〈/b〉〈br〉 Diana Di Luccio, Guido Benassai, Giorgio Budillon, Luigi Mucerino, Raffaele Montella, and Eugenio Pugliese Carratelli〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2841-2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2841-2018, 2018〈br〉 Forecasting and hindcasting the action of sea storms on piers, coastal structures and beaches is important to mitigate their effects. To this end, with particular regard to low coasts and beaches, we have configured a computational model chain based partly on open-access models and partly on an ad-hoc-developed numerical calculator to evaluate beach wave run-up levels. The results were validated by a set of specially conceived video-camera-based experiments on a micro-tidal beach.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Ice cliff contribution to the tongue-wide ablation of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, central Himalaya〈/b〉〈br〉 Fanny Brun, Patrick Wagnon, Etienne Berthier, Joseph M. Shea, Walter W. Immerzeel, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Christian Vincent, Camille Reverchon, Dibas Shrestha, and Yves Arnaud〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3439-3457, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3439-2018, 2018〈br〉 On debris-covered glaciers, steep ice cliffs experience dramatically enhanced melt compared with the surrounding debris-covered ice. Using field measurements, UAV data and submetre satellite imagery, we estimate the cliff contribution to 2 years of ablation on a debris-covered tongue in Nepal, carefully taking into account ice dynamics. While they occupy only 7 to 8 % of the tongue surface, ice cliffs contributed to 23 to 24 % of the total tongue ablation.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉HESS Opinions: Incubating deep-learning-powered hydrologic science advances as a community〈/b〉〈br〉 Chaopeng Shen, Eric Laloy, Amin Elshorbagy, Adrian Albert, Jerad Bales, Fi-John Chang, Sangram Ganguly, Kuo-Lin Hsu, Daniel Kifer, Zheng Fang, Kuai Fang, Dongfeng Li, Xiaodong Li, and Wen-Ping Tsai〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5639-5656, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5639-2018, 2018〈br〉 Recently, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a revolutionary tool for transforming industries and scientific disciplines. We argue that DL can offer a complementary avenue toward advancing hydrology. New methods are being developed to interpret the knowledge learned by deep networks. We argue that open competitions, integrating DL and process-based models, more data sharing, data collection from citizen scientists, and improved education will be needed to incubate advances in hydrology.
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉HESS Opinions: Incubating deep-learning-powered hydrologic science advances as a community〈/b〉〈br〉 Chaopeng Shen, Eric Laloy, Amin Elshorbagy, Adrian Albert, Jerad Bales, Fi-John Chang, Sangram Ganguly, Kuo-Lin Hsu, Daniel Kifer, Zheng Fang, Kuai Fang, Dongfeng Li, Xiaodong Li, and Wen-Ping Tsai〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5639-5656, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5639-2018, 2018〈br〉 Recently, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a revolutionary tool for transforming industries and scientific disciplines. We argue that DL can offer a complementary avenue toward advancing hydrology. New methods are being developed to interpret the knowledge learned by deep networks. We argue that open competitions, integrating DL and process-based models, more data sharing, data collection from citizen scientists, and improved education will be needed to incubate advances in hydrology.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Challenges to implementing bottom-up flood risk decision analysis frameworks: how strong are social networks of flooding professionals?〈/b〉〈br〉 James O. Knighton, Osamu Tsuda, Rebecca Elliott, and M. Todd Walter〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5657-5673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5657-2018, 2018〈br〉 Decision-making for flood risk management is often the collective effort of professionals within government, NGOs, private practice, and advocacy groups. Our research investigates differences among flood experts within Tompkins County, New York (USA). We explore how they differ in their perceptions of flooding risk, desired project outcomes, and knowledge. We observe substantial differences among experts, and recommend formally acknowledging these perceptions when engaging in flood management.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Hess Opinions: Socio-economic and ecological trade-offs of flood management – benefits of a transdisciplinary approach〈/b〉〈br〉 Karl Auerswald, Peter Moyle, Simon Paul Seibert, and Juergen Geist〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-544,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The demand for flood protection often results in the construction of more and bigger levees along rivers. We highlight that such technical solutions often result in undesired socioeconomic and ecological consequences such as increased downstream flooding risk, changes of groundwater levels and a loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. We propose a transdisciplinary approach of integrated flood management and green infrastructure instead of reliance on technical protection measures.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Hess Opinions: Socio-economic and ecological trade-offs of flood management – benefits of a transdisciplinary approach〈/b〉〈br〉 Karl Auerswald, Peter Moyle, Simon Paul Seibert, and Juergen Geist〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-544,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The demand for flood protection often results in the construction of more and bigger levees along rivers. We highlight that such technical solutions often result in undesired socioeconomic and ecological consequences such as increased downstream flooding risk, changes of groundwater levels and a loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. We propose a transdisciplinary approach of integrated flood management and green infrastructure instead of reliance on technical protection measures.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Estimation of soil erosion considering soil loss tolerance in karst area〈/b〉〈br〉 Yue Cao, Shijie Wang, Xiaoyong Bai, Huiwen Li, Cheng Zeng, Yichao Tian, Fei Chen, Luhua Wu, and Mingming Wang〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-310,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Due to the soil holding capacity is very limited in karst area, it is necessary to consider the allowable loss of soil. Here we took thermodynamic dissolution model of carbonate rocks and the lithological characteristics to estimate soil loss tolerance, then corrected and quantitatively evaluated the soil erosion. We identified the spatial pattern of soil loss tolerance in karst area, found RUSLE overestimated soil erosion in karst area and proposed an idea for evaluating soil erosion in karst.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Evaluation of soil moisture from CCAM-CABLE simulation, satellite based models estimates and satellite observations: Skukuza and Malopeni flux towers regional case study〈/b〉〈br〉 Floyd Vukosi Khosa, Mohau Jacob Mateyisi, Martina Reynita van Der Merwe, Gregor Timothy Feig, Francois Alwyn Engelbrecht, and Michael John Savage〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-546,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The paper evaluates soil moisture outputs from three structurally distinct models against in situ data. Our goal is to find how site and region representative the model outputs are. This is a question of interest as some of the models have a specific regional focus on their inceptions. Much focus is placed on how the models capture the soil moisture signal. We find that there is agreement on seasonal patterns between the models and observations with a tolerable level of model uncertainty.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉InSAR Technique Applied to the Monitoring of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway〈/b〉〈br〉 Qingyun Zhang, Yongsheng Li, Jingfa Zhang, and Yi Luo〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-287,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Before the opening of the railway, the deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway was very small and considered stable. After opening, the overall stability of the railway section was good. The main deformation areas are concentrated in the areas where railway lines turn and geological disasters are concentrated. In order to ensure the safety of railway operation, it is necessary to carry out long-term time series observation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉High-spatial resolution probability maps of drought duration and magnitude across Spain〈/b〉〈br〉 Fernando Domínguez-Castro, Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano, Miquel Tomás-Burguera, Marina Peña-Gallardo, Santiago Beguería, Ahmed El Kenawy, Yolanda Luna, and Ana Morata〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-289,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We mapped – for the first time – the probability of occurrence of drought over Spain, with the overriding aim of improving current drought assessment, management and mitigation measures and strategies across the region. Spatially, our estimations suggest a higher probability of extreme drought events in southern and central areas of Spain, compared to northern and eastern regions. Nevertheless, there are strong differences between drought indices, as well as among drought timescales.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉InSAR Technique Applied to the Monitoring of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway〈/b〉〈br〉 Qingyun Zhang, Yongsheng Li, Jingfa Zhang, and Yi Luo〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-287,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Before the opening of the railway, the deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway was very small and considered stable. After opening, the overall stability of the railway section was good. The main deformation areas are concentrated in the areas where railway lines turn and geological disasters are concentrated. In order to ensure the safety of railway operation, it is necessary to carry out long-term time series observation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Mapping soil hydraulic properties using random forest based pedotransfer functions and geostatistics〈/b〉〈br〉 Brigitta Tóth, Gábor Szatmári, Katalin Takács, Annamária Laborczi, András Makó, Kálmán Rajkai, and László Pásztor〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-552,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 This paper analyses differences in performance and spatial patterns between soil hydraulic maps derived with indirect and direct mapping methods. Maps of saturated water content, field capacity and wilting point are interpreted for a 5775 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 catchment at 100 m resolution. Advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed. Absolute difference in soil water retention values are less than 0.025 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 cm〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 between maps derived with indirect and direct methods for 65–86 % of the catchment.
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Stochastic downscaling of precipitation in complex orography: a simple method to reproduce a realistic fine-scale climatology〈/b〉〈br〉 Silvia Terzago, Elisa Palazzi, and Jost von Hardenberg〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2825-2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2825-2018, 2018〈br〉 This study proposes a modification to a stochastic downscaling method for precipitation, RainFARM, to improve the representation of the statistics of the daily precipitation at fine scales (1 km) in mountain areas. This method has been demonstrated in the Alps and it has been found to reconstruct small-scale precipitation distribution. It can be employed in a number of applications, including the analysis of extreme events and their statistics and hydrometeorological hazards.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Stochastic hydrogeology's biggest hurdles analyzed and its big blind spot〈/b〉〈br〉 Yoram Rubin, Ching-Fu Chang, Jiancong Chen, Karina Cucchi, Bradley Harken, Falk Heße, and Heather Savoy〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5675-5695, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5675-2018, 2018〈br〉 This paper addresses questions related to the adoption of stochastic methods in hydrogeology, looking at factors such as environmental regulations, financial incentives, higher education, and the collective feedback loop involving these factors. We show that stochastic hydrogeology's blind spot is in focusing on risk while ignoring uncertainty, to the detriment of its potential clients. The imbalance between the treatments of risk and uncertainty is shown to be common to multiple disciplines.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Statistical theory of probabilistic hazard maps: a probability distribution for the hazard boundary location〈/b〉〈br〉 David M. Hyman, Andrea Bevilacqua, and Marcus I. Bursik〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-344,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 In this work, we present new methods for calculating the mean, standard deviation, median, and modal locations of the boundaries of volcanic hazards. These calculations are based on a new, mathematically rigorous definition of a probabilistic hazard map – a way to map the probabilities of inundation by a given hazard. We apply this analysis to several models of volcanic flows: simple models of viscous flows, complex models of a tabletop granular flow, and a complex model of a volcanic mud flow.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Quantification of seasonal variabilities in groundwater discharge in an extensive irrigation watershed using H, O, and Sr isotopes〈/b〉〈br〉 Takeo Yoshida, Takanori Nakano, Ki-cheol Shin, Takeo Tsuchihara, Hiroki Minakawa, Susumu Miyazu, and Tomijiro Kubota〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-551,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Irrigation for rice paddy accounts a large part of water use in watersheds, especially in the Asian countries. Although irrigation water is lost through vaporization by plants, some portion of the irrigation water recharge local aquifers and return to the original streams through subsurface pathways. However, quantifying the amount of water returning to the stream is not an easy task. We quantified the amount of return flow using 〈q〉colors of water〈/q〉, or environmental tracers dissolved in water.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Quantification of seasonal variabilities in groundwater discharge in an extensive irrigation watershed using H, O, and Sr isotopes〈/b〉〈br〉 Takeo Yoshida, Takanori Nakano, Ki-cheol Shin, Takeo Tsuchihara, Hiroki Minakawa, Susumu Miyazu, and Tomijiro Kubota〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-551,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Irrigation for rice paddy accounts a large part of water use in watersheds, especially in the Asian countries. Although irrigation water is lost through vaporization by plants, some portion of the irrigation water recharge local aquifers and return to the original streams through subsurface pathways. However, quantifying the amount of water returning to the stream is not an easy task. We quantified the amount of return flow using 〈q〉colors of water〈/q〉, or environmental tracers dissolved in water.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-2116
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Intensive Geographien – die Versorgung von extremen Frühgeburten in Deutschland aus praxistheoretischer Perspektive〈/b〉〈br〉 Matthias Lahr-Kurten〈br〉 Geogr. Helv., 73, 321-333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-73-321-2018, 2018〈br〉 In Germany each year, thousands of children are born extremely prematurely. Despite being sites of enormous human suffering und huge financial costs, the places of treatment of these babies are almost non-existent in societal discourse. In order to understand these places which seem isolated from the rest of society, but are tightly connected to it, a ,dense description‘ of a single ,NICU‘ will be given – based on a stay by the author, drawing on the practice theoretical approach of Schatzki.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7312
    Electronic ISSN: 2194-8798
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Saharan dust events in the European Alps: role on snowmelt and geochemical characterization〈/b〉〈br〉 Biagio Di Mauro, Roberto Garzonio, Micol Rossini, Gianluca Filippa, Paolo Pogliotti, Marta Galvagno, Umberto Morra di Cella, Mirco Migliavacca, Giovanni Baccolo, Massimiliano Clemenza, Barbara Delmonte, Valter Maggi, Marie Dumont, François Tuzet, Matthieu Lafaysse, Samuel Morin, Edoardo Cremonese, and Roberto Colombo〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-241,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 The snow albedo reduction due to dust from arid regions alters the melting dynamics of the snowpack, resulting in earlier snowmelt. We estimate up to 38 days of anticipated snow disappearance for a season that was characterized by a several dust deposition events. This has a series of further impacts, for example: earlier snowmelts may alter the hydrological cycle in the Alps, induce higher sensitivity to late summer drought, and finally impact vegetation and animal phenology.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Saharan dust events in the European Alps: role on snowmelt and geochemical characterization〈/b〉〈br〉 Biagio Di Mauro, Roberto Garzonio, Micol Rossini, Gianluca Filippa, Paolo Pogliotti, Marta Galvagno, Umberto Morra di Cella, Mirco Migliavacca, Giovanni Baccolo, Massimiliano Clemenza, Barbara Delmonte, Valter Maggi, Marie Dumont, François Tuzet, Matthieu Lafaysse, Samuel Morin, Edoardo Cremonese, and Roberto Colombo〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-241,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 The snow albedo reduction due to dust from arid regions alters the melting dynamics of the snowpack, resulting in earlier snowmelt. We estimate up to 38 days of anticipated snow disappearance for a season that was characterized by a several dust deposition events. This has a series of further impacts, for example: earlier snowmelts may alter the hydrological cycle in the Alps, induce higher sensitivity to late summer drought, and finally impact vegetation and animal phenology.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Temporal evolution of flow-like landslide hazard for a road infrastructure in the municipality of Nocera Inferiore (southern Italy) under the effect of climate change〈/b〉〈br〉 Marco Uzielli, Guido Rianna, Fabio Ciervo, Paola Mercogliano, and Unni K. Eidsvig〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3019-3035, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3019-2018, 2018〈br〉 Landslide hazard at a given location may change over time due to climate change, since the frequency and intensity of landslide-triggering factors such as rainfall can vary significantly. It is important for stakeholders and decision-makers to predict trends in landslide hazard to mitigate the risk of losing lives and material assets. This study contributes an innovative method for the prediction of future variations of rainfall-induced landslides and shows its application to an Italian site.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Statistical theory of probabilistic hazard maps: a probability distribution for the hazard boundary location〈/b〉〈br〉 David M. Hyman, Andrea Bevilacqua, and Marcus I. Bursik〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-344,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 In this work, we present new methods for calculating the mean, standard deviation, median, and modal locations of the boundaries of volcanic hazards. These calculations are based on a new, mathematically rigorous definition of a probabilistic hazard map – a way to map the probabilities of inundation by a given hazard. We apply this analysis to several models of volcanic flows: simple models of viscous flows, complex models of a tabletop granular flow, and a complex model of a volcanic mud flow.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Validating improved-MODIS products from spectral mixture-Landsat snow cover maps in a mountain region in southern Spain〈/b〉〈br〉 Rafael Pimentel, Carlo Marín, Ludovica De Gregorio, Mattia Callegari, María J. Pérez-Palazón, Claudia Notarnicola, and María J. Polo〈br〉 Proc. IAHS, 380, 67-72, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-380-67-2018, 2018〈br〉 In Mediterranean regions, the spatiotemporal evolution of the snow cover can experiment quick changes and high frequency sensors are required to adequately monitor such shifts. This work presents a methodological approach to validate the improved MODIS daily snow cover maps, in a Sierra Nevada (southern Spain), from a reference data set obtained by Landsat TM data. The results show a significantly high correlation between the two snow map products at differents spatial scale.
    Print ISSN: 2199-8981
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Joint editorial: Invigorating hydrological research through journal publications〈/b〉〈br〉 Nevil Quinn, Günter Blöschl, András Bárdossy, Attilio Castellarin, Martyn Clark, Christophe Cudennec, Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Upmanu Lall, Lubomir Lichner, Juraj Parajka, Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Graham Sander, Hubert Savenije, Keith Smettem, Harry Vereecken, Alberto Viglione, Patrick Willems, Andy Wood, Ross Woods, Chong-Yu Xu, and Erwin Zehe〈br〉 Proc. IAHS, 380, 3-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-380-3-2018, 2018〈br〉 〈p〉Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow-up of similar meetings held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process, and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in the above journals.〈/p〉
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Image acquisition effects on Unmanned Air Vehicle snow depth retrievals〈/b〉〈br〉 Ahmet Emre Tekeli and Senayi Dönmez〈br〉 Proc. IAHS, 380, 81-85, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-380-81-2018, 2018〈br〉 Current study is unique in that the SD retrievals were derived using two different image acquisition modes. In the first, images were taken as UAV was continuously flying and in the second UAV kept its position in air fixed as the photos were taken. Root mean square error of derived SDs is found as 2.43 and 1.79 cm in continuous and fixed acquisitions. The results support the hypothesis, that fixed-position image acquisitions using multi-rotor platforms should enable more accurate SD estimates.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Preface: Earth Observation for Integrated Water and Basin Management: Challenges for adaptation to a changing environment〈/b〉〈br〉 María J. Polo, Maria P. González-Dugo, and Christopher Neale〈br〉 Proc. IAHS, 380, 1-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-380-1-2018, 2018〈br〉
    Print ISSN: 2199-8981
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Remote sensing vegetation index methods to evaluate changes in greenness and evapotranspiration in riparian vegetation in response to the Minute 319 environmental pulse flow to Mexico〈/b〉〈br〉 Pamela L. Nagler, Christopher J. Jarchow, and Edward P. Glenn〈br〉 Proc. IAHS, 380, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-380-45-2018, 2018〈br〉 Our study examined the effects of water transfer, or ecological environmental flows, from one country to another. We studied the impact of a historic, binational, water release, Minute 319 of the 1944 Water Treaty, on vegetative response along the riparian corridor on the lower Colorado River to Mexico. During the spring of 2014, 130 million cubic meters of water were released from the United States to Mexico, allowing water to reach the Gulf of California for the first time in 13 years.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉On the use of weather regimes to forecast meteorological drought over Europe〈/b〉〈br〉 Christophe Lavaysse, Jürgen Vogt, Andrea Toreti, Marco L. Carrera, and Florian Pappenberger〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3297-3309, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3297-2018, 2018〈br〉 Forecasting droughts in Europe 1 month in advance would provide valuable information for decision makers. However, these extreme events are still difficult to predict. In this study, we develop forecasts based on predictors using the geopotential anomalies, generally more predictable than precipitation, derived from the ECMWF model. Results show that this approach outperforms the prediction using precipitation, especially in winter and in northern Europe, where 65 % of droughts are predicted.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Climate change effects on the hydrology of the headwaters of the Tagus River: implications for the management of the Tagus–Segura transfer〈/b〉〈br〉 Francisco Pellicer-Martínez and José Miguel Martínez-Paz〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6473-6491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6473-2018, 2018〈br〉 Effects that climate change could have on the Tajo–Segura transfer are evaluated. To that, water resources that would be in the donor basin are estimated by hydrological modelling if the last climatic projections are accomplished. For these water resources, the exploitation of the transfer is simulated using a decision support system, providing volumes that could be transferred to the Segura basin according to its operating rule.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Assessing the Added Value of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR) for Precipitation in Complex Topography〈/b〉〈br〉 Johannes Horak, Marlis Hofer, Fabien Maussion, Ethan Gutmann, Alexander Gohm, and Mathias W. Rotach〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-612,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 This study presents the first in-depth evaluation of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research model (ICAR) for high resolution precipitation fields. The model is evaluated with data from weather stations located in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. While ICAR underestimates rainfall amounts, it clearly improves over a coarser global model and shows the potential to generate precipitation fields for long-term impact studies focused on the local impact of a changing global climate.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Numerical study on the response of the largest lake in China to climate change〈/b〉〈br〉 Dongsheng Su, Xiuqing Hu, Lijuan Wen, Lin Zhao, Zhaoguo Li, Juan Du, and Georgiy Kirillin〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-583,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 In this study, Freshwater Lake Model simulation results, verified by satellite and buoy observation data, were used to quantify the recent climate change effects on the thermal regime of the largest lake in China. Results indicate that the FLake model can nicely reproduce the lake thermal pattern. The lake surface is warming while the lake bottom has no significant trend. The climate change also caused an earlier ice off and later ice on, lead to an obvious change on the energy balance of lake.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Glacial and geomorphic effects of a supraglacial lake drainage and outburst event, Everest region, Nepal Himalaya〈/b〉〈br〉 Evan S. Miles, C. Scott Watson, Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, Michel Esteves, Duncan J. Quincey, Katie E. Miles, Bryn Hubbard, and Patrick Wagnon〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3891-3905, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3891-2018, 2018〈br〉 We use high-resolution satellite imagery and field visits to assess the growth and drainage of a lake on Changri Shar Glacier in the Everest region, and its impact. The lake filled and drained within 3 months, which is a shorter interval than would be detected by standard monitoring protocols, but forced re-routing of major trails in several locations. The water appears to have flowed beneath Changri Shar and Khumbu glaciers in an efficient manner, suggesting pre-existing developed flow paths.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Identification of blowing snow particles in images from a multi-angle snowflake camera〈/b〉〈br〉 Mathieu Schaer, Christophe Praz, and Alexis Berne〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-248,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Wind and precipitation often occur together, making difficult the distinction between particles coming from the atmosphere and those blown by the wind. This is however a crucial task to accurately close the surface mass balance. We propose an algorithm based on Gaussian mixture models to separate blowing snow and precipitation in images collected by a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC). The algorithm is trained and (positively) evaluated using data collected in the Swiss Alps and in Antarctica.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Glacial and geomorphic effects of a supraglacial lake drainage and outburst event, Everest region, Nepal Himalaya〈/b〉〈br〉 Evan S. Miles, C. Scott Watson, Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, Michel Esteves, Duncan J. Quincey, Katie E. Miles, Bryn Hubbard, and Patrick Wagnon〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3891-3905, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3891-2018, 2018〈br〉 We use high-resolution satellite imagery and field visits to assess the growth and drainage of a lake on Changri Shar Glacier in the Everest region, and its impact. The lake filled and drained within 3 months, which is a shorter interval than would be detected by standard monitoring protocols, but forced re-routing of major trails in several locations. The water appears to have flowed beneath Changri Shar and Khumbu glaciers in an efficient manner, suggesting pre-existing developed flow paths.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Variability in individual particle structure and mixing states between the glacier–snowpack and atmosphere in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau〈/b〉〈br〉 Zhiwen Dong, Shichang Kang, Dahe Qin, Yaping Shao, Sven Ulbrich, and Xiang Qin〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3877-3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3877-2018, 2018〈br〉 This study aimed to provide a first and unique record of physicochemical properties and mixing states of LAPs at the glacier and atmosphere interface over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to determine the individual LAPs' structure aging and mixing state changes through the atmospheric deposition process from atmosphere to glacier–snowpack surface, thereby helping to characterize the LAPs' radiative forcing and climate effects in the cryosphere region.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Numerical study on the response of the largest lake in China to climate change〈/b〉〈br〉 Dongsheng Su, Xiuqing Hu, Lijuan Wen, Lin Zhao, Zhaoguo Li, Juan Du, and Georgiy Kirillin〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-583,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 In this study, Freshwater Lake Model simulation results, verified by satellite and buoy observation data, were used to quantify the recent climate change effects on the thermal regime of the largest lake in China. Results indicate that the FLake model can nicely reproduce the lake thermal pattern. The lake surface is warming while the lake bottom has no significant trend. The climate change also caused an earlier ice off and later ice on, lead to an obvious change on the energy balance of lake.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Assessing the Added Value of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR) for Precipitation in Complex Topography〈/b〉〈br〉 Johannes Horak, Marlis Hofer, Fabien Maussion, Ethan Gutmann, Alexander Gohm, and Mathias W. Rotach〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-612,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 This study presents the first in-depth evaluation of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research model (ICAR) for high resolution precipitation fields. The model is evaluated with data from weather stations located in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. While ICAR underestimates rainfall amounts, it clearly improves over a coarser global model and shows the potential to generate precipitation fields for long-term impact studies focused on the local impact of a changing global climate.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Copula and ARMA based study of controlled outflow at Farakka barrage〈/b〉〈br〉 Uttam Singh, Venkappayya R. Desai, Pramod K. Sharma, and Chandra S. P. Ojha〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-380,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 In this study, 25 years mean monthly out flow discharge data of Farakka barrage was used (i.e., from 1949 to 1968). Farakka barrage is located between on Ganga River. Spatial and temporal variation in flow rate for any particular area is very common due to various meteorological and other factors existing in nature.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Loss assessment of building and content damages from potential earthquake risk in Seoul, Korea〈/b〉〈br〉 Wooil Choi, Jae-Woo Park, and Jinhwan Kim〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-281,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 In recent years, earthquakes have been occurring in Korea where no earthquakes occurred in the past.It is needed that appropriate response planning using simulations in countries with less earthquake risk management experiences. especially important to evaluate earthquake damage financially. This paper is a model study for urban earthquake risk management and it is meaningful to generate basis data of cost benefit analysis of disaster prevention plan by financial evaluation of earthquake damage.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry〈/b〉〈br〉 Andrew M. Cunliffe, George Tanski, Boris Radosavljevic, William F. Palmer, Torsten Sachs, Hugues Lantuit, Jeffrey T. Kerby, and Isla H. Myers-Smith〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-234,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Using drones, satellite images and historic photos we surveyed a permafrost coastline on Qikiqtaruk–Herschel Island. We aimed to assess coastal change over small timesteps, relate short-term changes to longer-term changes, and assess drones as tools for surveying Arctic coastlines. In 2017, we observed coastal retreat of 14.5 m per year, more than six times faster than the long-term average rate of 2.2 m per year (1952–2017). Episodic changes are poorly understood in permafrost coastlines.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Heterogeneous spatial and temporal pattern of surface elevation change and mass balance of the Patagonian icefields between 2000 and 2016〈/b〉〈br〉 Wael Abdel Jaber, Helmut Rott, Dana Floricioiu, Jan Wuite, and Nuno Miranda〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-258,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We use topographic maps from two radar remote sensing missions to map surface elevation changes of the Northern and Southern Patagonian icefields (NPI and SPI) for two epochs (2000–2012 and 2012–2016). We find a heterogeneous pattern of thinning within the icefields and a varying temporal trend which may be explained by complex interdependencies between surface mass balance and effects of flow dynamics. The contribution to sea level rise amounts to 0.05 mm/a for both icefields for 2000–2016.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry〈/b〉〈br〉 Andrew M. Cunliffe, George Tanski, Boris Radosavljevic, William F. Palmer, Torsten Sachs, Hugues Lantuit, Jeffrey T. Kerby, and Isla H. Myers-Smith〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-234,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Using drones, satellite images and historic photos we surveyed a permafrost coastline on Qikiqtaruk–Herschel Island. We aimed to assess coastal change over small timesteps, relate short-term changes to longer-term changes, and assess drones as tools for surveying Arctic coastlines. In 2017, we observed coastal retreat of 14.5 m per year, more than six times faster than the long-term average rate of 2.2 m per year (1952–2017). Episodic changes are poorly understood in permafrost coastlines.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Spatial variability of mean daily estimates of actual evaporation from remotely sensed imagery and surface reference data〈/b〉〈br〉 Robert N. Armstrong, John W. Pomeroy, and Lawrence W. Martz〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-600,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Digital and thermal images taken near midday were used to scale daily point observations of key factors driving actual evaporation estimates across a complex Canadian prairie landscape. Point estimates of actual evaporation agreed well with observed values via eddy covariance. Impacts of spatial variations on areal estimates were minor and no covariance was found between model parameters driving the energy term. The methods can be applied further to improve land surface parameterisations.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Using modelled discharge to develop satellite-based river gauging: a case study for the Amazon Basin〈/b〉〈br〉 Jiawei Hou, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Luigi J. Renzullo, and Robert A. Vertessy〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6435-6448, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6435-2018, 2018〈br〉 Satellite-based river gauging can be constructed based on remote-sensing-derived surface water extent and modelled discharge, and used to estimate river discharges with satellite observations only. This provides opportunities for monitoring river discharge in the absence of a real-time hydrological model or gauging stations.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A Unique Vadose Zone Model for Shallow Aquifers: the Hetao Irrigation District, China〈/b〉〈br〉 Zhongyi Liu, Xingwang Wang, Zailin Huo, and Tammo Siert Steenhuis〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-581,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 A novel approach is taken in simulating the hydrology of the vadose zone in areas with shallow groundwater. The model recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table. The model can be used in areas with shallow groundwater to optimize irrigation water use and minimize tail water losses.
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Turbulent mixing and heat fluxes under lake ice: the role of seiche oscillations〈/b〉〈br〉 Georgiy Kirillin, Ilya Aslamov, Matti Leppäranta, and Elisa Lindgren〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6493-6504, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6493-2018, 2018〈br〉 We have discovered transient appearances of strong turbulent mixing beneath the ice of an Arctic lake. Such mixing events increase heating of the ice base up to an order of magnitude and can significantly accelerate ice melting. The source of mixing was identified as oscillations of the entire lake water body triggered by strong winds over the lake surface. This previously unknown mechanism of ice melt may help understand the link between the climate conditions and the seasonal ice formation.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to climate change〈/b〉〈br〉 Kevin Bulthuis, Maarten Arnst, Sainan Sun, and Frank Pattyn〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-220,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Using probabilistic methods, we quantify the uncertainty in the Antarctic ice-sheet response to climate change over the next millennium under the four RCP scenarios and parametric uncertainty. We find that the ice sheet is stable in RCP 2.6 regardless of parametric uncertainty while West Antarctica undergoes disintegration in RCP 8.5 almost regardless of parametric uncertainty. We also show a high sensitivity of the ice-sheet response to uncertainty in sub-shelf melting and sliding conditions.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Does NDVI explain spatial and temporal variability in sap velocity in temperate forest ecosystems?〈/b〉〈br〉 Anne J. Hoek van Dijke, Kaniska Mallick, Adriaan J. Teuling, Martin Schlerf, Miriam Machwitz, Sibylle K. Hassler, Theresa Blume, and Martin Herold〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-596,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 Satellite images are often used to estimate land water fluxes over a larger area. In this study we investigate the link between a well known vegetation index derived from satellite data and sap velocity in a temperate forest in Luxembourg. We show that the link between the vegetation index and transpiration is not constant. Therefore we suggest that the use of vegetation indices to predict transpiration should be limited to ecosystems and scales where the link has been confirmed.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Hydrogeochemical controls on brook trout spawning habitats in a coastal stream〈/b〉〈br〉 Martin A. Briggs, Judson W. Harvey, Stephen T. Hurley, Donald O. Rosenberry, Timothy McCobb, Dale Werkema, and John W. Lane Jr.〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6383-6398, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6383-2018, 2018〈br〉 Brook trout are known to seek out groundwater-discharge zones for spawning. However, in a groundwater-dominated system, we observed trout using a few locations for repeatedly laying eggs. To improve the management of this cold-water species, we wanted to know why these specific groundwater-discharge zones were desirable. Through a combination of geophysical and chemical measurements, we found that locations where the stream intersects the sandy valley wall create oxygen-rich seepage zones.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Using paleoclimate reconstructions to analyse hydrological epochs associated with Pacific decadal variability〈/b〉〈br〉 Lanying Zhang, George Kuczera, Anthony S. Kiem, and Garry Willgoose〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6399-6414, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6399-2018, 2018〈br〉 Analyses of run lengths of Pacific decadal variability (PDV) suggest that there is no significant difference between run lengths in positive and negative phases of PDV and that it is more likely than not that the PDV run length has been non-stationary in the past millennium. This raises concerns about whether variability seen in the instrumental record (the last ~100 years), or even in the shorter 300–400 year paleoclimate reconstructions, is representative of the full range of variability.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Estimating the effect of rainfall on the surface temperature of a tropical lake〈/b〉〈br〉 Gabriel Gerard Rooney, Nicole van Lipzig, and Wim Thiery〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6357-6369, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6357-2018, 2018〈br〉 This paper uses a unique observational dataset of a tropical African lake (L. Kivu) to assess the effect of rain on lake surface temperature. Data from 4 years were categorised by daily rain amount and total net radiation to show that heavy rain may reduce the end-of-day lake temperature by about 0.3 K. This is important since lake surface temperature may influence local weather on short timescales, but the effect of rain on lake temperature has been little studied or parametrised previously.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Caffeine vs. carbamazepine as indicators of wastewater pollution in a karst aquifer〈/b〉〈br〉 Noam Zach Dvory, Yakov Livshitz, Michael Kuznetsov, Eilon Adar, Guy Gasser, Irena Pankratov, Ovadia Lev, and Alexander Yakirevich〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6371-6381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6371-2018, 2018〈br〉 This research is paramount given the significance of karst aquifers as essential drinking water sources. While CBZ is considered conservative, CAF is subject to sorption and degradation, and therefore each of these two pollutants can be considered effective tracers for specific assessment of aquifer contamination. The model presented in this paper shows how each of the mentioned contaminants could serve as a better tool for aquifer contamination characterization and its treatment.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-2116
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A simulation of a large-scale drifting snowstorm in the turbulent boundary layer〈/b〉〈br〉 Zhengshi Wang and Shuming Jia〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3841-3851, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3841-2018, 2018〈br〉 Drifting snowstorms that are hundreds of meters in depth are reproduced using a large-eddy simulation model combined with a Lagrangian particle tracking method, which also exhibits obvious spatial structures following large-scale turbulent vortexes. The horizontal snow transport flux at high altitude, previously not observed, actually occupies a significant proportion of the total flux. Thus, previous models may largely underestimate the total mass flux and consequently snow sublimation.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Large-scale ERT surveys for investigating shallow regolith properties and architecture〈/b〉〈br〉 Laurent Gourdol, Rémi Clément, Jérôme Juilleret, Laurent Pfister, and Christophe Hissler〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-519,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a remarkable tool for characterizing the geometry and properties of the regolith. However, its use for large horizontal surveys remains cumbersome to characterize shallow subsurface structures due to the requirement of small electrode spacing increments. Here we propose a new approach to overcome this limitation. We demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves the accuracy of ERT profiles when using large electrode spacing increments.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Large-scale ERT surveys for investigating shallow regolith properties and architecture〈/b〉〈br〉 Laurent Gourdol, Rémi Clément, Jérôme Juilleret, Laurent Pfister, and Christophe Hissler〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-519,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a remarkable tool for characterizing the geometry and properties of the regolith. However, its use for large horizontal surveys remains cumbersome to characterize shallow subsurface structures due to the requirement of small electrode spacing increments. Here we propose a new approach to overcome this limitation. We demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves the accuracy of ERT profiles when using large electrode spacing increments.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Marked decrease of the near surface snow density retrieved by AMSR-E satellite at Dome C, Antarctica, between 2002 and 2011〈/b〉〈br〉 Nicolas Champollion, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Éric Lefebvre, Giovanni Macelloni, Frédérique Rémy, and Michel Fily〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-265,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The snow density close to the surface has been retrieved from satellite observations at Dome C in the Antarctic Ice Sheet. It shows a marked decrease between 2002 and 2011 about 10 kg m〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 yr〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. This trend has been confirmed by in situ measurements and other satellite observations without any long-term meteorological evolution has been found. These results have implications for surface mass balance and energy budget.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Sensitivity of the current Antarctic surface mass balance to sea surface conditions using MAR〈/b〉〈br〉 Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Cécile Agosta, Alison Delhasse, Sébastien Doutreloup, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Coraline Wyard, Thierry Fichefet, and Xavier Fettweis〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3827-3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3827-2018, 2018〈br〉 Regional climate models (RCMs) used to estimate the surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctica depend on boundary forcing fields including sea surface conditions. Here, we assess the sensitivity of the Antarctic SMB to perturbations in sea surface conditions with the RCM MAR using unchanged atmospheric conditions. Significant SMB anomalies are found for SSC perturbations in the range of CMIP5 global climate model biases.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Sensitivity of the current Antarctic surface mass balance to sea surface conditions using MAR〈/b〉〈br〉 Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Cécile Agosta, Alison Delhasse, Sébastien Doutreloup, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Coraline Wyard, Thierry Fichefet, and Xavier Fettweis〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3827-3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3827-2018, 2018〈br〉 Regional climate models (RCMs) used to estimate the surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctica depend on boundary forcing fields including sea surface conditions. Here, we assess the sensitivity of the Antarctic SMB to perturbations in sea surface conditions with the RCM MAR using unchanged atmospheric conditions. Significant SMB anomalies are found for SSC perturbations in the range of CMIP5 global climate model biases.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 71
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    Copernicus
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Instantaneous sea ice drift speed from TanDEM-X interferometry〈/b〉〈br〉 Dyre Oliver Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Joshua M. Jones, Andrew R. Mahoney, Roland Romeiser, Franz J. Meyer, Hajo Eicken, and Yasushi Fukamachi〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-242,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We evaluate single-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) as a tool to assess sea ice drift with applications within ice management and navigation. Initial validation shows that TanDEM-X phase-derived drift speed corresponds well with ground-based radar derived drift. InSAR further enables the identification of potentially important short-lived dynamic processes otherwise difficult to observe with possible implication for engineering and sea ice modeling.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Instantaneous sea ice drift speed from TanDEM-X interferometry〈/b〉〈br〉 Dyre Oliver Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Joshua M. Jones, Andrew R. Mahoney, Roland Romeiser, Franz J. Meyer, Hajo Eicken, and Yasushi Fukamachi〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-242,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We evaluate single-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) as a tool to assess sea ice drift with applications within ice management and navigation. Initial validation shows that TanDEM-X phase-derived drift speed corresponds well with ground-based radar derived drift. InSAR further enables the identification of potentially important short-lived dynamic processes otherwise difficult to observe with possible implication for engineering and sea ice modeling.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Seasonal sea ice forecast skills and predictability of the KMA's GloSea5〈/b〉〈br〉 Byoung Woong An, Sang Min Lee, Pil-Hun Chang, KiRyong Kang, and Yoon Jae Kim〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-217,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 〈p〉Ensemble sea ice forecasts of the Arctic Ocean conducted with the Korea Meteorological Administration's coupled global seasonal forecast system (GloSea5) is verified. To investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of the seasonal projection of Arctic sea ice extent and thickness, a set of ensemble potential predictability is assessed. It shows significance for all lead months except anomalous around East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea during summer months. However, during the radipdly thawing and freezing season, initial states lose its predictability and increase uncertainties in the prediction. The probability skill metrics show the summer sea ice prediction which strongly depends on the sea ice thickness interacting with the accuracy of the snow depth. We found the forecast skill is determined primarily by the timing of sea ice drift (i.e., Beaufort Gyre and Transpolar drift) and sea ice formation by freshwater flux in the East Siberian Sea. Therefore, capturing the sea ice thickness state effectively is the key process for skillful estimation of Arctic sea ice. In spite of the uncertainties in atmospheric conditions, this system provides skillful Arctic seasonal sea ice extent predictions up to six months.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Mapping snow avalanches hazard in poorly monitored areas. The case of Rigopiano avalanche, Apennines of Italy〈/b〉〈br〉 Daniele Bocchiola, Mattia Galizzi, Giovanni Martino Bombelli, and Andrea Soncini〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-358,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for NHESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 We investigate hazard for the poorly monitored area of Rigopiano (PE), where an avalanche killed 29 persons on January 2017. Using Poly-Aval model (1D/q2D), and a regional approach to calculate snow depth at release 〈i〉h〈/i〉〈sub〉72〈/sub〉 we map hazard zones as per AINEVA guidelines, with confidence limits. We demonstrate that regionally based hazard mapping at poorly measured sites as here allows mapping even for large return periods, considerably reducing the uncertainty against canonical single site analysis.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Dependency of tropical cyclone risk on track in South Korea〈/b〉〈br〉 Chaehyeon C. Nam, Doo-Sun R. Park, Chang-Hoi Ho, and Deliang Chen〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3225-3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3225-2018, 2018〈br〉 This study shows that a small deviation of the tropical cyclone (TC) track in the west–east direction (less than 250 km smaller than the average radius of the TC) has a more dominant effect on the extent and distribution of TC damage than TC intensity or size. This suggests that track information should be considered more carefully in assessments of future TC risk.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Avalanches and micrometeorology driving mass and energy balance of the lowest perennial ice field of the Alps: a case study〈/b〉〈br〉 Rebecca Mott, Andreas Wolf, Maximilian Kehl, Harald Kunstmann, Michael Warscher, and Thomas Grünewald〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-255,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 1 comment)〈br〉 The mass balance of very small glaciers is often governed either by anomalous snow accumulation, winter precipitation being multiplied by snow redistribution processes, or by suppressed snow ablation driven by micrometeorological effects lowering net radiation and turbulent heat exchange. In this study we discuss the relative contribution of snow accumulation (avalanches) versus micrometeorlogy (katabatic flow) on the mass balance of the lowest perrennial ice field of the Alps, the Ice Chapel.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉The impact of model resolution on the simulated Holocene retreat of the Southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM)〈/b〉〈br〉 Joshua K. Cuzzone, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Mathieu Morlighem, Eric Larour, Jason P. Briner, Helene Serousi, and Lambert Caron〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-249,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We present results using an ice sheet model simulating the retreat of ice over Southwestern Greenland during the last 12,000 years, and test the impact of model horizontal resolution. Results indicate model resolution plays a minor role in simulated retreat in areas where bed topography is not complex, but plays an important role in areas where bed topography is complex (such as fjords).
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉The impact of model resolution on the simulated Holocene retreat of the Southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM)〈/b〉〈br〉 Joshua K. Cuzzone, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Mathieu Morlighem, Eric Larour, Jason P. Briner, Helene Serousi, and Lambert Caron〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-249,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 We present results using an ice sheet model simulating the retreat of ice over Southwestern Greenland during the last 12,000 years, and test the impact of model horizontal resolution. Results indicate model resolution plays a minor role in simulated retreat in areas where bed topography is not complex, but plays an important role in areas where bed topography is complex (such as fjords).
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Numerical and remote techniques for operational beach management under storm group forcing〈/b〉〈br〉 Verónica Morales-Márquez, Alejandro Orfila, Gonzalo Simarro, Lluís Gómez-Pujol, Amaya Álvarez-Ellacuría, Daniel Conti, Álvaro Galán, Andrés F. Osorio, and Marta Marcos〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3211-3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3211-2018, 2018〈br〉 This work analyzes the response of a beach under a series of storms using a numerical model, in situ measurements and video imaging. Time recovery after storms is a key issue for local beach managers, who are pressed by tourism stakeholders to nourish the beach after energetic processes in order to reach the quality standards required by beach users.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Effect of uncertainties of Southern Ocean surface temperature and sea-ice change on Antarctic climate projections〈/b〉〈br〉 Julien Beaumet, Michel Déqué, Gerhard Krinner, Cécile Agosta, and Antoinette Alias〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-231,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The atmospheric model ARPEGE is used with a stretched grid in order to reach an average horizontal resolution of 35 km over Antarctica. Over 1981-2010, we forced the model with observed and modelled sea surface conditions (SSC). For the late 21st century, we use original and bias-corrected sea surface conditions from RCP8.5 climate projections. We assess the impact of using direct or bias-corrected SSC for the evolution of Antarctic climate and surface mass balance.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Effect of uncertainties of Southern Ocean surface temperature and sea-ice change on Antarctic climate projections〈/b〉〈br〉 Julien Beaumet, Michel Déqué, Gerhard Krinner, Cécile Agosta, and Antoinette Alias〈br〉 The Cryosphere Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-231,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for TC〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 The atmospheric model ARPEGE is used with a stretched grid in order to reach an average horizontal resolution of 35 km over Antarctica. Over 1981-2010, we forced the model with observed and modelled sea surface conditions (SSC). For the late 21st century, we use original and bias-corrected sea surface conditions from RCP8.5 climate projections. We assess the impact of using direct or bias-corrected SSC for the evolution of Antarctic climate and surface mass balance.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A new surface meltwater routing model for use on the Greenland Ice Sheet surface 〈/b〉〈br〉 Kang Yang, Laurence C. Smith, Leif Karlstrom, Matthew G. Cooper, Marco Tedesco, Dirk van As, Xiao Cheng, Zhuoqi Chen, and Manchun Li〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3791-3811, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3791-2018, 2018〈br〉 A high-resolution spatially lumped hydrologic surface routing model is proposed to simulate meltwater transport over bare ice surfaces. In an ice-covered catchment, meltwater is routed by slow interfluve flow (~10〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉–10〈sup〉−4〈/sup〉 m s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) followed by fast open-channel flow (~10〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 m s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). Seasonal evolution of supraglacial stream-river networks substantially alters the magnitude and timing of moulin discharge with implications for subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉The potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent〈/b〉〈br〉 Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Cheng, Jiping Liu, and Fengming Hui〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3747-3757, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3747-2018, 2018〈br〉 〈p〉The Arctic sea ice extent throughout the melt season is closely associated with initial sea ice state in winter and spring. Sea ice leads are important sites of energy fluxes in the Arctic Ocean, which may play an important role in the evolution of Arctic sea ice. In this study, we examine the potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent forecast using a recently developed daily sea ice lead product retrieved from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Our results show that July pan-Arctic sea ice extent can be predicted from the area of sea ice leads integrated from midwinter to late spring, with a prediction error of 0.28 million km〈span〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉〈/span〉 that is smaller than the standard deviation of the observed interannual variability. However, the predictive skills for August and September pan-Arctic sea ice extent are very low. When the area of sea ice leads integrated in the Atlantic and central and west Siberian sector of the Arctic is used, it has a significantly strong relationship (high predictability) with both July and August sea ice extent in the Atlantic and central and west Siberian sector of the Arctic. Thus, the realistic representation of sea ice leads (e.g., the areal coverage) in numerical prediction systems might improve the skill of forecast in the Arctic region.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Evaluation of the CloudSat surface snowfall product over Antarctica using ground-based precipitation radars〈/b〉〈br〉 Niels Souverijns, Alexandra Gossart, Stef Lhermitte, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Jacopo Grazioli, Alexis Berne, Claudio Duran-Alarcon, Brice Boudevillain, Christophe Genthon, Claudio Scarchilli, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3775-3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3775-2018, 2018〈br〉 Snowfall observations over Antarctica are scarce and currently limited to information from the CloudSat satellite. Here, a first evaluation of the CloudSat snowfall record is performed using observations of ground-based precipitation radars. Results indicate an accurate representation of the snowfall climatology over Antarctica, despite the low overpass frequency of the satellite, outperforming state-of-the-art model estimates. Individual snowfall events are however not well represented.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A propensity index for surface runoff on a karst plateau〈/b〉〈br〉 Christian Reszler, Jürgen Komma, Hermann Stadler, Elmar Strobl, and Günter Blöschl〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6147-6161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6147-2018, 2018〈br〉 Karst aquifers are vulnerable to pollution due to the typically short particle travel times. As the rainwater runs off on the surface it may collect contamination before infiltrating. This paper proposes a new field-mapping method for the ability of the landscape to produce and convey surface runoff. The method is based on local data collection in the field, and a visual assessment of surface runoff traces from a distance, which makes it suitable for larger areas than traditional field mapping.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Preface: Landslide early warning systems: monitoring systems, rainfall thresholds, warning models, performance evaluation and risk perception〈/b〉〈br〉 Samuele Segoni, Luca Piciullo, and Stefano Luigi Gariano〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3179-3186, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3179-2018, 2018〈br〉
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Towards a comprehensive view of dust events from multiple satellite and ground measurements: exemplified by the May 2017 East Asian dust storm〈/b〉〈br〉 Lu She, Yong Xue, Jie Guang, Yahui Che, Cheng Fan, Ying Li, and Yanqing Xie〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3187-3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3187-2018, 2018〈br〉 Multi-satellite/sensor observations and ground-based measurements combined with the HYSPLIT model were used to analyse the dynamical processes of the origin and transport of a strong dust storm. The optical and microphysical properties of the dust particles were analysed using AERONET measurements. The combined observations revealed comprehensive information about the dynamic transport of dust and the dust-affected regions, and the effect of dust storms on the aerosol properties.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Roads and landslides in Nepal: how development affects environmental risk〈/b〉〈br〉 Brian G. McAdoo, Michelle Quak, Kaushal R. Gnyawali, Basanta R. Adhikari, Sanjaya Devkota, Purna Lal Rajbhandari, and Karen Sudmeier-Rieux〈br〉 Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3203-3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3203-2018, 2018〈br〉 Road development in Nepal promises to improve access to markets, education and healthcare, but not without hazardous consequences. Using GIS maps of monsoon-triggered landslides, we show that rural roads are responsible for doubling the number of landslides in one mountainous district. Engineers are seeking sustainable and affordable eco-solutions to help stabilize these roads in order to prevent further loss of life and property as Nepal approaches this next phase in its development.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A propensity index for surface runoff on a karst plateau〈/b〉〈br〉 Christian Reszler, Jürgen Komma, Hermann Stadler, Elmar Strobl, and Günter Blöschl〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6147-6161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6147-2018, 2018〈br〉 Karst aquifers are vulnerable to pollution due to the typically short particle travel times. As the rainwater runs off on the surface it may collect contamination before infiltrating. This paper proposes a new field-mapping method for the ability of the landscape to produce and convey surface runoff. The method is based on local data collection in the field, and a visual assessment of surface runoff traces from a distance, which makes it suitable for larger areas than traditional field mapping.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
    Electronic ISSN: 1812-2116
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Analysis of combined and isolated effects of land-use and land-cover changes and climate change on the upper Blue Nile River basin's streamflow〈/b〉〈br〉 Dagnenet Fenta Mekonnen, Zheng Duan, Tom Rientjes, and Markus Disse〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6187-6207, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6187-2018, 2018〈br〉 Understanding responses by changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and climate over the past decades on streamflow in the upper Blue Nile River basin is important for water management and water resource planning. Streamflow in the UBNRB has shown an increasing trend over the last 40 years, while rainfall has shown no trend change. LULC change detection findings indicate increases in cultivated land and decreases in forest coverage prior to 1995.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Controls of fluorescent tracer retention by soils and sediments〈/b〉〈br〉 Marcus Bork, Jens Lange, Markus Graf-Rosenfellner, and Friederike Lang〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-549,2018〈br〉 〈b〉Manuscript under review for HESS〈/b〉 (discussion: open, 0 comments)〈br〉 Fluorescent tracers such as uranine and sulforhodamine B are useful tools to gain knowledge about water and solute fluxes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In batch experiments, we investigated systematically the influence of pH, organic carbon and texture on tracer adsorption on soils and sediments and quantified their impact and possible interactions. Overall, the investigated controls determine if the respective tracer shows more conservative or more non-conservative transport behaviour.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Toward a conceptual framework of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales〈/b〉〈br〉 Chiara Magliozzi, Robert C. Grabowski, Aaron I. Packman, and Stefan Krause〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6163-6185, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6163-2018, 2018〈br〉 The hyporheic zone is the area below riverbeds where surfacewater and groundwater mix. Hyporheic flow is linked to river processes and functions, but research to date has not sufficiently addressed how factors operating at different scales in time and space drive hyporheic flow variations at reach and larger scales. This review presents the scale-specific processes and interactions that control hyporheic flow, and a case study showing how valley factors affect its expression at the reach scale.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Cold-to-warm flow regime transition in snow avalanches〈/b〉〈br〉 Anselm Köhler, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Riccardo Scandroglio, Mathias Bavay, Jim McElwaine, and Betty Sovilla〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3759-3774, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3759-2018, 2018〈br〉 Snow avalanches show complicated flow behaviour, characterized by several flow regimes which coexist in one avalanche. In this work, we analyse flow regime transitions where a powder snow avalanche transforms into a plug flow avalanche by incorporating warm snow due to entrainment. Prediction of such a transition is very important for hazard mitigation, as the efficiency of protection dams are strongly dependent on the flow regime, and our results should be incorporated into avalanche models.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉A new surface meltwater routing model for use on the Greenland Ice Sheet surface 〈/b〉〈br〉 Kang Yang, Laurence C. Smith, Leif Karlstrom, Matthew G. Cooper, Marco Tedesco, Dirk van As, Xiao Cheng, Zhuoqi Chen, and Manchun Li〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3791-3811, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3791-2018, 2018〈br〉 A high-resolution spatially lumped hydrologic surface routing model is proposed to simulate meltwater transport over bare ice surfaces. In an ice-covered catchment, meltwater is routed by slow interfluve flow (~10〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉–10〈sup〉−4〈/sup〉 m s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) followed by fast open-channel flow (~10〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 m s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). Seasonal evolution of supraglacial stream-river networks substantially alters the magnitude and timing of moulin discharge with implications for subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Evaluation of the CloudSat surface snowfall product over Antarctica using ground-based precipitation radars〈/b〉〈br〉 Niels Souverijns, Alexandra Gossart, Stef Lhermitte, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Jacopo Grazioli, Alexis Berne, Claudio Duran-Alarcon, Brice Boudevillain, Christophe Genthon, Claudio Scarchilli, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3775-3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3775-2018, 2018〈br〉 Snowfall observations over Antarctica are scarce and currently limited to information from the CloudSat satellite. Here, a first evaluation of the CloudSat snowfall record is performed using observations of ground-based precipitation radars. Results indicate an accurate representation of the snowfall climatology over Antarctica, despite the low overpass frequency of the satellite, outperforming state-of-the-art model estimates. Individual snowfall events are however not well represented.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉The potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent〈/b〉〈br〉 Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Cheng, Jiping Liu, and Fengming Hui〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3747-3757, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3747-2018, 2018〈br〉 〈p〉The Arctic sea ice extent throughout the melt season is closely associated with initial sea ice state in winter and spring. Sea ice leads are important sites of energy fluxes in the Arctic Ocean, which may play an important role in the evolution of Arctic sea ice. In this study, we examine the potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent forecast using a recently developed daily sea ice lead product retrieved from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Our results show that July pan-Arctic sea ice extent can be predicted from the area of sea ice leads integrated from midwinter to late spring, with a prediction error of 0.28 million km〈span〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉〈/span〉 that is smaller than the standard deviation of the observed interannual variability. However, the predictive skills for August and September pan-Arctic sea ice extent are very low. When the area of sea ice leads integrated in the Atlantic and central and west Siberian sector of the Arctic is used, it has a significantly strong relationship (high predictability) with both July and August sea ice extent in the Atlantic and central and west Siberian sector of the Arctic. Thus, the realistic representation of sea ice leads (e.g., the areal coverage) in numerical prediction systems might improve the skill of forecast in the Arctic region.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 97
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    Copernicus
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Cold-to-warm flow regime transition in snow avalanches〈/b〉〈br〉 Anselm Köhler, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Riccardo Scandroglio, Mathias Bavay, Jim McElwaine, and Betty Sovilla〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3759-3774, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3759-2018, 2018〈br〉 Snow avalanches show complicated flow behaviour, characterized by several flow regimes which coexist in one avalanche. In this work, we analyse flow regime transitions where a powder snow avalanche transforms into a plug flow avalanche by incorporating warm snow due to entrainment. Prediction of such a transition is very important for hazard mitigation, as the efficiency of protection dams are strongly dependent on the flow regime, and our results should be incorporated into avalanche models.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉How does initial soil moisture influence the hydrological response? A case study from southern France〈/b〉〈br〉 Magdalena Uber, Jean-Pierre Vandervaere, Isabella Zin, Isabelle Braud, Maik Heistermann, Cédric Legoût, Gilles Molinié, and Guillaume Nord〈br〉 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6127-6146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6127-2018, 2018〈br〉 We investigate how rivers in a flash-flood-prone region in southern France respond to rainfall depending on initial soil moisture. Therefore, high-resolution data of rainfall, river discharge and soil moisture were used. We find that during dry initial conditions, the rivers hardly respond even for heavy rain events, but for wet initial conditions, the response remains unpredictable: for some rain events almost all rainfall is transformed to discharge, whereas this is not the case for others.
    Print ISSN: 1812-2108
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Comparison of four calving laws to model Greenland outlet glaciers〈/b〉〈br〉 Youngmin Choi, Mathieu Morlighem, Michael Wood, and Johannes H. Bondzio〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3735-3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3735-2018, 2018〈br〉 Calving is an important mechanism that controls the dynamics of Greenland outlet glaciers. We test and compare four calving laws and assess which calving law has better predictive abilities. Overall, the calving law based on von Mises stress is more satisfactory than other laws, but new parameterizations should be derived to better capture the detailed processes involved in calving.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈b〉Supraglacial debris thickness variability: impact on ablation and relation to terrain properties〈/b〉〈br〉 Lindsey I. Nicholson, Michael McCarthy, Hamish D. Pritchard, and Ian Willis〈br〉 The Cryosphere, 12, 3719-3734, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3719-2018, 2018〈br〉 Ground-penetrating radar of supraglacial debris thickness is used to study local thickness variability. Freshly emergent debris cover appears to have higher skewness and kurtosis than more mature debris covers. Accounting for debris thickness variability in ablation models can result in markedly different ice ablation than is calculated using the mean debris thickness. Slope stability modelling reveals likely locations for locally thin debris with high ablation.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
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