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  • Articles  (22)
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  • Springer  (22)
  • American Geophysical Union
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulating a Polluting Firm Under Asymmetric Information (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 10 (1997), S. 267-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: Laffont-Tirole model ; tax generation ; tax schemes ; pollution ; regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reinterprets the Laffont-Tirole model of regulation under asymmetric information to cover the case of pollution control. The asymmetry of information concerns the firm's cost of lowering its pollution. The regulator has three objectives: Ensuring an efficient abatement level, generating 'green taxes' and securing the survival of the firm. We show that when optimal abatement is important relative to tax generation, the regulator cannot use the policy of offering the firm a set of linear tax schemes from which to choose. By contrast, this policy is optimal in the Laffont-Tirole model under certain not very restrictive assumptions. We proceed to establish a simple rule for when to shut-down inefficient types. In an example with specific functional forms, we derive the optimal tax function both analytically and graphically. We show the effect on the optimal tax system of a change in a technological parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026471117727
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental Distribution in a Sedimentary Deposit on the Shelf Off the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 507-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: elemental composition ; fine sediments ; Tagus ; Atlantic shelf ; sediment transport ; pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Tagus estuary, located at the western Iberian coast in front of Lisbon is the largest one in Portugal, where it drains highly populated and industrialised regions. The amount of sediment transported by this river is so great that the submarine delta is one of the largest in the Iberian margin, very well defined and reaching the 70m isobath. The geochemical pattern of the muddy deposit off the Tagus river has been determined by elemental analyses of bulk surficial sediments, collected at the Portuguese margin adjacent to the Tagus estuary. Measurements were carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Sediments were usually composed of fine particles (silts and clays) and were high in organic matter (measured as loss on ignition). Elemental concentrations for Zn and Pb clearly indicate an estuarine contamination probably associated with discharges from urban centers or due to the influence of the industries located downstream. Apparently the depletion on the Cu contents is caused by its release (soluble complexes) into the marine environment. Variations observed in the elemental distribution of the sediments off the Tagus with distance from the estuary seem to be dependent on the grain size distribution related to the dynamics of the sediment transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018355810082
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS IN AN OLD INDUSTRIAL AREA OF WALES, GREAT BRITAIN: SOURCE IDENTIFICATION THROUGH STATISTICAL DATA INTERPRETATION (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 85-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: soil ; pollution ; heavy metals ; smelters ; factoranalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A combined statistical and computergraphic approach is proposed for apportionment and attribution of soil contaminants in complex areas. The field test site lies north of Swansea, south Wales and contains two major pollutant sources, an active nickel refiner and (4 km away) the site of major base metal smelting in the nineteenth century (the Lower Swansea Valley reclamation study area). Soil samples (70 samples, 0–15 cm) were collected on a regular grid of 1000 m interval. They were extracted using 0.05 M diammonium EDTA and the extracts analysed for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Soil pH and %organic content were also determined. Factor analysis yielded three groups which explained 73.8% of the data variance (1: Cd, Cu, %OM, Pb, Zn, Ni; 2: Cd, Zn, Mn, pH; 3: Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe). Isoline plots were classifiable into the same three groups. It was concluded that factor 3 contained those elements associated with smelter emissions, factor 1 with contamination from the Lower Swansea Valley and in factor 2 pedogenetic processes control the occurrence of the elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026478427782
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The state of pollution levels of Karachi harbour and adjoining coastal water (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: pollution ; harbour ; coastal waters ; organic leading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A study was carried out recently to determine the pollution level of waters in the Karachi harbour and adjoining backwaters. Nine locations were selected, four in the backwaters, two on the seaside, and three in the main navigable channel. Four of these locations were deliberately selected to coincide with those of a previous study conducted in 1982 by Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) so that the values for the concentration of different pollutants could be compared. Analysis was conducted for pH, bicarbonates, Total Solids, Volatile matter in Total Solids, Chlorides, Sulphates, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium. The results indicate that the composition of sea water as far as the concentration of above constituents is concerned has not changed much since the time of the PCSIR study, viz 1982, except that the organic matter concentration has increased. The reasons for this increase in organic loading and its possible impact are discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407096
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollutant exchange at the water/sediment interface in the venice canals (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; sediments ; pollution ; resuspension ; release processes ; bioavailability ; anthropogenic ; metal ; residual inetal ; geochemical phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The space-time distribution of some pollutants (Cu, Ph, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, V, Ni, Cr) in the sludge of the canals of Venice was studied. The contamination levels were comparable to, or higher, than those measured in the most polluted sediments of the Lagoon of Venice Sediments were collected by two different sampling techniques I ) collection of sediment cores (upper 5 cm) by a syringe-type corer, 2) collection by traps, placed on the bottom of the canal Traps pennitted the sampling of sediments essentially resuspended by overlying water turbulence This sediment fraction is subjected to variations of its physicochemical parameters (principally change of redox conditions) and therefore to pollutant exchange at the water/sediment interface The metals principally exchanged during sediment resuspension were Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu These metals have principally an anthropogenic origin and are bound to the most labile geochemical phases of the sediment (such as sulphides), which can be oxidised during sediment resuspension, releasing metals into the water Fe, Cr and Ni were only partially exchanged, while Mn and V were generally not exchanged, a significant fraction of these metals is of natural origin and is bound to the most refractory phases of the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406865
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation and application of a fugacity model to explain the partitioning of contaminants in the St. Lawrence River valley (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 97 (1997), S. 379-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: pesticide ; PAH ; PCB ; pollution ; principal components analysis ; toxic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A fugacity-based model to explain the partitioning of contaminants in the environment is evaluated. Using emission inventories, air and water concentrations predicted by the model for the southwestern Québec region generally agree with field data for phenanthrene,α-HCH, lindane, and DDT. For pyrene, air concentrations are in agreement but water concentrations were in error by a factor of nearly 20. There is also a possibility for using the model to predict emissions from known air and water concentrations. The model was run over 120 times each for phenanthrene, HCB, and lindane while randomly varying the input parameters each time. A Principal Components Analysis and a partial correlation analysis indicate that certain input parameters are more important for some compounds than for others and that log K ow is the physical-chemical property of greatest importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407474
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring nitrogen pollution from sugarcane runoff using15N analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 389-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: fertilizer ; nitrogen ; pollution ; runoff ; stable isotopes ; sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In many forested wetlands of Louisiana, surface water quality is being deteriorated by nutrient input from adjacent agricultural production area. This field study assesses the input of fertilizer N, applied to sugarcane fields, to forested wetlands. The potential use of natural abundance variations in15N/14N ratios for identification and tracing surface water N sources (NH 4 + - and NO 3 − -N) was evaluated. Runoff and surface water samples were collected from sugarcane fields and bordering forested wetlands (6 stations) over a 16 month period and analyzed for NH 4 + -N, NO 3 − -N, and associated NH 4 + -δ 15N and NO 3 − -δ 15N ratios. FertilizerN draining into adjacent forested wetland was estimated to be only a small fraction of the amount applied. Concentrations of NH 4 + - and NO 3 − -N in the collected water samples were low and ranged from 0.02 to 1.79 mg L−1. Isotopic analysis revealed NH 4 + -δ 15N and NO 3 − -δ 15N means were distinctive and may have the potential to be used as tracers of N contamination. The mean NH 4 + -δ 15N value was +18.6±7.1‰ and the NO 3 − -δ 15N mean was +8.3±3.1‰. Anomalously high NO 3 − -δ 15N values (〉30‰) were attributed to denitrification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047046
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON (HCB, DDTs AND PCBs LEVELS IN CETACEANS STRANDED ALONG THE ITALIAN COASTS: AN OVERVIEW (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 45 (1997), S. 129-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: chlorinated hydrocarbons ; pollution ; cetaceans ; marine mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of HCB, DDTs and PCBs in the tissues andorgans of cetaceans ( Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Balaenoptera physalus, Steno bredanensis}, Grampus griseus} and Globicephala melaena) strandedalong the Italian coasts in the period 1987–1993 are reported. The values are compared between speciesand between specimens of the samespecies. Chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) levels were found toincrease in relation to the quantity andtype of lipids in each tissue and organ. Differences inaccumulation encountered in the differentspecies are principally due to different feeding habitats.Remarkable differences found between malesand females of each species confirm that during gestation andlactation, females undergo disintoxication by passing much of their total burden of CHs to their young.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005786627533
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the risk of soil contamination in the Swiss Jura using indicator geostatistics (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental and ecological statistics 4 (1997), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3009
    Keywords: soil ; pollution ; threshold ; geostatistics ; indicators ; kriging ; risk ; Swiss Jura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The probability that the concentrations of toxic substances in soil or other medium exceed tolerablemaxima at any unsampled place can be estimated by indicator geostatistics. The method is developed and used to estimate and map the risk of contamination by cadmium, copper and lead in the topsoil of a 14.5 km 2 region in the Swiss Jura. It combines both direct measurements of metal concentrations and thecalibration of a geological map, and it shows that the risk of toxicity is least on Argovian rocks. Two approaches are proposed to divide a region into safe' and 'hazardous' zones on the basis of probability maps. The first declares as contaminated all places where the risk of contamination exceeds a given threshold. The second approach first evaluates the financial costs that might result from a wrongdeclaration, after which the site is allocated to a class so as to minimize that cost. The risk of exposure for humans and animals is generally greater for contaminated agricultural land than for forest soil, and so land use is taken into account in both procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018505924603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Dirty industries’: Patterns of change in industrial countries (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 9 (1997), S. 467-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: green policy ; pollution ; relocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article concerns itself with the environmental role of heavily polluting industries since 1970, analysing its development in 11 basic industries, as well as electricity production and road transport, in 32 industrial countries. It argues for a green industrial policy, demonstrating that other mitigations of environmental pressure in industrial countries—end-of-pipe treatment, relocation to the Third World, structural change in the industrial sector and even environmentally oriented modernization—have so far been unable to solve the problems of ‘dirty industries’, although some approaches have shown (some) promise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441762
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND ZINC FROM DIFFUSE IMMISSION ON ACID SANDY SOILS, AS A FUNCTION OF SOIL COMPOSITION (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; pollution ; sandy soils ; zinc smelter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sandy soils, in the border area of Belgium and the Netherlands (the Kempen region), are heavily contaminated by atmospheric deposition of cadmium and zinc from nearby smelters. Groundwater contamination by leaching from these low retention soils is subject of study. There are reports of high cadmium and zinc concentrations in groundwater in the area, but in most cases the direct sources are unknown. In an attempt to predict present or future risk of groundwater contamination by soil leaching, metal binding processes (retardation) were studied that are specific for these soil types under the existing acidifying conditions. From four fields nine contaminated profiles were sampled and analyzed for cadmium and zinc. Average concentrations of 131 μg g-1 zinc and 1.6 μg g-1 cadmium with maximum values of 2989 μg g-1 respectively 16.3 μg g-1 were found. In addition pH and contents of organic matter, aluminium, iron, and manganese were determined. The relative importance of these soil parameters for metal retardation is derived from the profiles. The data show that organic matter is the most important soil component for binding cadmium and zinc. Adsorption of cadmium and zinc on aluminium, iron and manganese (hydr) oxides appears to be of minor importance at low pH (〈5.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019297625144
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of cadmium and zinc from diffuse immission on acid sandy soils, as a function of soil composition (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; pollution ; sandy soils ; zinc smelter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sandy soils, in the border area of Belgium and the Netherlands (the Kempen region), are heavily contaminated by atmospheric deposition of cadmium and zinc from nearby smelters. Groundwater contamination by leaching from these low retention soils is subject of study. There are reports of high cadmium and zinc concentrations in groundwater in the area, but in most cases the direct sources are unknown. In an attempt to predict present or future risk of groundwater contamination by soil leaching, metal binding processes (retardation) were studied that are specific for these soil types under the existing acidifying conditions. From four fields nine contaminated profiles were sampled and analyzed for cadmium and zinc. Average concentrations of 131μg g−1 zinc and 1.6μg g−1 cadmium with maximum values of 2989μg g−1 respectively 16.3μg g−1 were found. In addition pH and contents of organic matter, aluminium, iron, and manganese were determined. The relative importance of these soil parameters for metal retardation is derived from the profiles. The data show that organic matter is the most important soil component for binding cadmium and zinc. Adsorption of cadmium and zinc on aluminium, iron and manganese (hydr) oxides appears to be of minor importance at low pH (〈5.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407193
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MONITORING NITROGEN POLLUTION FROM SUGARCANE RUNOFF USING 15N ANALYSIS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 389-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: fertilizer ; nitrogen ; pollution ; runoff ; stable isotopes ; sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In many forested wetlands of Louisiana, surface water quality is being deteriorated by nutrient input from adjacent agricultural production areas. This field study assesses the input of fertilizer N, applied to sugarcane fields, to forested wetlands. The potential use of natural abundance variations in 15N14N ratios for identification and tracing surface water N sources (NH 4 + - and NO3 --N) was evaluated. Runoff and surface water samples were collected from sugarcane fields and bordering forested wetlands (6 stations) over a 16 month period and analyzed for NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, and associated NH 4 + -δ15N and NO 3 - -δ15N ratios. Fertilizer N draining into adjacent forested wetland was estimated to be only a small fraction of the amount applied. Concentrations of NH 4 + - and NO 3 - -N in the collected water samples were low and ranged from 0.02 to 1.79 mg L-1. Isotopic analysis revealed NH 4 + -δ15N and NO 3 - -δ15N means were distinctive and may have the potential to be used as tracers of N contamination. The mean NH 4 + -δ15N value was +18.6 ± 7.1‰ and the NO 3 - -δ15N mean was +8.3 ± 3.1‰. Anomalously high NO 3 - -δ15N values (〉30‰) were attributed to denitrification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026483228623
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal contaminated soils in an old industrial area of Wales, Great Britain: Source identification through statistical data interpretation (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 85-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: soil ; pollution ; heavy metals ; smelters ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A combined statistical and computergraphic approach is proposed for apportionment and attribution of soil contaminants in complex areas. The field test site lies north of Swansea, south Wales and contains two major pollutant sources, an active nickel refiner and (4 km away) the site of major base metal smelting in the nineteenth century (the Lower Swansea Valley reclamation study area). Soil samples (70 samples, 0–15 cm) were collected on a regular grid of 1000 m interval. They were extracted using 0.05 M diammonium EDTA and the extracts analysed for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Soil pH and %organic content were also determined. Factor analysis yielded three groups which explained 73.8% of the data variance (1: Cd, Cu, %OM, Pb, Zn, Ni; 2: Cd, Zn, Mn, pH; 3: Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe). Isoline plots were classifiable into the same three groups. It was concluded that factor 3 contained those elements associated with smelter emissions, factor 1 with contamination from the Lower Swansea Valley and in factor 2 pedogenetic processes control the occurrence of the elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407095
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental distribution in a sedimentary deposit on the shelf off the Tagus estuary (Portugal) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 507-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: elemental composition ; fine sediments ; Tagus ; Atlantic shelf ; sediment transport ; pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Tagus estuary, located at the western Iberian coast in front of Lisbon is the largest one in Portugal, where it drains highly populated and industrialised regions. The amount of sediment transported by this river is so great that the submarine delta is one of the largest in the Iberian margin, very well defined and reaching the 70m isobath. The geochemical pattern of the muddy deposit off the Tagus river has been determined by elemental analyses of bulk surficial sediments, collected at the Portuguese margin adjacent to the Tagus estuary. Measurements were carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Sediments were usually composed of fine particles (silts and clays) and were high in organic matter (measured as loss on ignition). Elemental concentrations for Zn and Ph clearly indicate an estuarine contamination probably associated with discharges from urban centers or due to the influence of the industries located downstream. apparently the depletion on the Cu contents is caused by its release (soluble complexes) into the marine environment. Variations observed in the elemental distribution of the sediments of the Tagus with distance from the estuary seem to be dependent on the grain size distribution related to the dynamics of the sediment transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406890
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal Changes in Cystoseira Myrica and Phosphorus Input at Two Sites of the Red Sea Egyptian Coast (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Cystoseira myrica ; Red Sea ; coral reefs ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; pollution ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Elevated phosphate concentrations at Safaga and Quseir, Red Sea, Egyptian coast, wererelated to some ecological and nutritional aspects of the macro-alga Cystoseira myrica during1985. The results obtained were compared with those recorded for a non-polluted control site atGhardaqa. Chemical analysis of surface seawater samples revealed that the concentrations of dissolvedphosphate at Safaga and Quseir were 3 and 20 times as much as that at Ghardaqa, respectively.The standing crop of C. myrica showed two peaks in spring and autumn. Maximum biomass yield(491 g m-2) and number of individuals (127 m-2) of C. myrica were recorded in the spring at theGhardaqa site. Quseir C. myrica samples contained significantly higher protein-N, total-N andtotal-P values but lower carbohydrate values than the Safaga and Ghardaqa samples (LSD at 1%level). Tissue N:P molar ratios for C. myrica, Laurencia papillosa and Ulva lactuca collected fromGhardaqa ranged from 68-98, compared to 30-59 for the same species collected at thephosphorus polluted sites at Safaga and Quseir. The carbon levels and the C:N ratios of C. myricaexhibited no significant variations in the three studied sites. However, the C:P ratios of Ghardaqaplants were significantly higher than those of Safaga and Quseir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022196227853
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION AND APPLICATION OF A FUGACITY MODEL TO EXPLAIN THE PARTITIONING OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER VALLEY (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 97 (1997), S. 379-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: pesticide ; PAH ; PCB ; pollution ; principal components analysis ; toxic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A fugacity-based model to explain the partitioning of contaminants in the environment is evaluated. Using emission inventories, air and water concentrations predicted by the model for the southwestern Québec region generally agree with field data for phenanthrene, α-HCH, lindane, and DDT. For pyrene, air concentrations are in agreement but water concentrations were in error by a factor of nearly 20. There is also a possibility for using the model to predict emissions from known air and water concentrations. The model was run over 120 times each for phenanthrene, HCB, and lindane while randomly varying the input parameters each time. A Principal Components Analysis and a partial correlation analysis indicate that certain input parameters are more important for some compounds than for others and that log Kow is the physical-chemical property of greatest importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026496527596
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollutant Exchange at the Water/Sediment Interface in the Venice Canals (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; sediments ; pollution ; resuspension ; release processes ; bioavailability ; anthropogenic metal ; residual metal ; geochemical phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The space-time distribution of some pollutants (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, V, Ni, Cr) in the sludge of the canals of Venice was studied. The contamination levels were comparable to, or higher, than those measured in the most polluted sediments of the Lagoon of Venice. Sediments were collected by two different sampling techniques: 1) collection of sediment cores (upper 5 cm) by a syringe-type corer; 2) collection by traps, placed on the bottom of the canal. Traps permitted the sampling of sediments essentially resuspended by overlying water turbulence. This sediment fraction is subjected to variations of its physicochemical parameters (principally change of redox conditions) and therefore to pollutant exchange at the water/sediment interface. The metals principally exchanged during sediment resuspension were Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu. These metals have principally an anthropogenic origin and are bound to the most labile geochemical phases of the sediment (such as sulphides), which can be oxidised during sediment resuspension, releasing metals into the water. Fe, Cr and Ni were only partially exchanged, while Mn and V were generally not exchanged; a significant fraction of these metals is of natural origin and is bound to the most refractory phases of the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018329726495
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes inCystoseira myrica and phosphorus input at two sites of the Red Sea Egyptian Coast (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Cystoseira myrica ; Red Sea ; coral reefs ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; pollution ; eutrophication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Elevated phosphate concentrations at Safaga and Quseir, Red Sea, Egyptian coast, were related to some ecological and nutritional aspects of the macro-algaCystoseira myrica during 1985. The results obtained were compared with those recorded for a non-polluted control site at Ghardaqa. Chemical analysis of surface seawater samples revealed that the concentrations of dissolved phosphate at Safaga and Quseir were 3 and 20 times as much as that at Ghardaqa, respectively. The standing crop ofC. myrica showed two peaks in spring and autumn. Maximum biomass yield (491 g m−2) and number of individuals (127 m−2) ofC. myrica were recorded in the spring at the Ghardaqa site. QuseirC. myrica samples contained significantly higher protein-N, total-N and total-P values but lower carbohydrate values than the Safaga and Ghardaqa samples (LSD at 1% level). Tissue N:P molar ratios forC. myrica, Laurencia papillosa andUlva lactuca collected from Ghardaqa ranged from 68–98, compared to 30–59 for the same species collected at the phosphorus polluted sites at Safaga and Quseir. The carbon levels and the C:N ratios ofC. myrica exhibited no significant variations in the three studied sites. However, the C:P ratios of Ghardaqa plants were significantly higher than those of Safaga and Quseir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02404756
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE STATE OF POLLUTION LEVELS OF KARACHI HARBOUR AND ADJOINING COASTAL WATER (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 98-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: pollution ; harbour ; coastal waters ; organic leading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A study was carried out recently to determine the pollution level of waters in the Karachi harbour and adjoining backwaters. Nine locations were selected, four in the backwaters, two on the seaside, and three in the main navigable channel. Four of these locations were deliberately selected to coincide with those of a previous study conducted in 1982 by Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) so that the values for the concentration of different pollutants could be compared. Analysis was conducted for pH, bicarbonates, Total Solids, Volatile matter in Total Solids, Chlorides, Sulphates, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium. The results indicate that the composition of sea water as far as the concentration of above constituents is concerned has not changed much since the time of the PCSIR study, viz 1982, except that the organic matter concentration has increased. The reasons for this increase in organic loading and its possible impact are discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026430528690
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of in-situ Field Measurements of Soil Magnetic Susceptibility with Laboratory Data (1997)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 41 (1997), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: magnetic mapping ; pollution ; fly ashes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results of magnetic susceptibility mapping around a coal-burning power plant were used to verify the field in situ measurements with data acquired in laboratory on soil samples collected at approximately the same measurement grid sites at different distance from the source. This comparison enables quantifying the field data obtained using the Bartington MS2 meter and to relate them, at least approximately, to mass specific values. Moreover, it is shown that certain diversity in the grid points of field measurements and soil sampling can slightly bias the field measurements. However, this shift is of minor significance and Bartington field readings can be considered as reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023363502016
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Dirty Industries’: Patterns of Change in Industrial Countries (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 9 (1997), S. 467-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: green policy ; pollution ; relocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article concerns itself with the environmental role of heavily polluting industries since 1970, analysing its development in 11 basic industries, as well as electricity production and road transport, in 32 industrial countries. It argues for a green industrial policy, demonstrating that other mitigations of environmental pressure in industrial countries – end-of-pipe treatment, relocation to the Third World, structural change in the industrial sector and even environmentally oriented modernization – have so far been unable to solve the problems of ‘dirty industries’, although some approaches have shown (some) promise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026497608363
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