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  • Artikel  (15)
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  • polarization
  • Springer  (15)
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  • Springer  (15)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (15)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time-dependent polarization behaviour of pipeline grade steel in low ionic strength environments (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 707-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): calcareous deposits ; cathodic protection ; polarization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A bench-top experimental approach is described for estimation of the polarization behaviour of pipeline steel as a function of the time-dependent formation of scale and calcareous deposits in simulated soil leachates. A three-time constant process model provided a common set of parameters for a given soil environment and level of aeration. The parameters estimated could be applied to a broad range of current values and were independent of time, potential and applied current. The experimental approach, model and regression procedure are general and could be used to determine the physical parameters associated with the seasonal variations (wet–dry cycles) in the soils surrounding pipelines or with other factors that influence general corrosion. The polarization model could provide a boundary condition for mathematical models for cathodic protection of pipelines or other buried structures. The separation of current contributions implicit in the model can be used to assess the reduction of corrosion current associated with specific CP criteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003412222992
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Multi-Spectral Polarimeter for Measurements of Direct Solar and Diffused Sky Radiation: Calibration and Measurements (1997)
    Springer
    Optical review 4 (1997), S. 496-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Schlagwort(e): polarization ; calibration ; Langley plot ; light scattering ; aerosol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A multi-spectral polarimeter (FPR1000) is designed to measure the radiance and degree of polarization of the sky radiation as well as the extinction of solar irradiance using the same optical system. This enables us to make consistent measurements of the direct solar and diffused sky radiation. Measurements are made at the same wavelength regions as Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER) and Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) onboard Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS). Based on measurements for the Langley plot calibration made at Mauna Loa Observatory, the calibration constants are obtained by considering the effect of absorption by water vapor and uniformly mixed gas. Preliminary analyses of the measurements of sky radiation and direct solar irradiance carried out in the western part of the Pacific Ocean are presented. Combined measurements of the extinction of solar irradiance, and the radiance and degree of polarization of sky radiation could be useful in improving retrieval of optical characteristics of aerosol and for atmospheric correction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-997-0496-0
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geometric Phase Observation with Dispersed Fringes (1997)
    Springer
    Optical review 4 (1997), S. 593-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Schlagwort(e): geometric phase ; interferometry ; polarization ; Michelson interferometer ; stellar interferometer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Geometric and dynamic phases are separately observed using dispersed fringes, and the difference between them is clearly demonstrated. Independence of geometric phase of wavelength is straightforwardly shown in the dispersed fringe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-997-0593-0
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CCD Polarimetric Imaging Of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comet Hale-Bopp ; cometary dust ; scattering ; polarization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Polarimetric observations of the light scattered by dust have been carried out at Pic-du-Midi Observatory with the 2 m telescope in June and September–October 1996, and at Haute-Provence Observatory with the 0.80 m telescope in April 1997. They cover a total number of 11 nights and a large (6.9°–47.7°) phase angle range. The spatial resolution allows to underline structures in the coma, as well in the brightness images as in the polarization maps, with a correlation between the regions of bright structures and the regions of higher polarization. A clear difference appears between the sunward and antisunward side, with higher polarization on the antisunward side. The phase angle coverage allows us to obtain a polarimetric phase curve for the whole coma and to compare it with other cometary phase curves. The degree of polarization is higher for Hale-Bopp than for the comets previously observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006206613959
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Imaging polarimetry of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) around perihelion (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comet Hale-Bopp ; polarization ; dust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The polarization distribution of the inner coma of comet Hale-Bopp was measured by CCD imaging around perihelion. The dust shell positions correlate well with relative maxima of polarization. The images taken in the I-band identify different shell systems, each showing individual polarization properties. This could be related to differences in the dust properties of the associated jets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006250412142
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Near-Infrared Photometric And Polarimetric Observations Of Comet Hale-Bopp (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comet ; polarization ; dust ; jet ; infrared
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Near-infrared photometric and polarimetric observations of comet Hale-Bopp (1995 O1) using KONIC (Kiso Observatory Near-Infrared Camera) are reported. Observations were carried out on March 18 UT and April 26 UT 1997, when the heliocentric distances of the comet were 0.94 and 1.02 AU, and the phase angles were 48.5 deg and 32.9 deg, respectively. In the J, H, and K′ bands, we obtained linear polarization of the near-nucleus region of 16.4 ± 1.2, 18.8 ± 1.3, and 15.1 ± 0.9 percent on March 18UT and 7.1 ± 1.1, 8.9 ± 1.0, and 6.9 ± 0.6 percent on April 26, respectively. These values were higher than those observed for 1P/Halley. The maximum polarization was found at H band on both dates. Polarization maps showed higher polarization regions toward the anti-solar direction in the J and H bands. No distinct correlation was found between high polarization regions and bright regions. The projected expansion velocity of the arc structure of the dust jet was 375 ± 35.7 m/s on 17–19 March. The periodicity was found to be 11.1 ± 2.8 hours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006298327163
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Images Of Polarization And Colour In The Inner Coma Of Comet Hale-Bopp (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) ; dust ; colour ; polarization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract On March 31 and April 1, 1997, simultaneous photometry and polarimetry of comet Hale-Bopp's dust was conducted with the two-channel focal reducer of the Max-Planck-Institute for Aeronomy attached to the 2 m telescope of Pik Terskol Observatory (Northern Caucasus). Interference filters at642 nm and 443 nm selected red and blue narrow-band continuum windows. The observations have been averaged over the one hour of timethe comet could be observed. The polarization maps cover an area of about1 arcmin2 around the nucleus. The values of polarization degree measured close to the nucleus agree very well with observations obtained with aperture polarimetry. They are lower than in the surrounding coma by about 1%. In our field of view the polarization increases along the sun-comet line from the solar to the antisolar side by about 3%. The dust shells are visible in the polarization images. The polarization in the shells is higher by 1 to 2%and this increase is higher in the red than in the blue range. Therefore the ratio of red to blue polarization (≈ 1.2) increases in the shells by ≈ 0.03. In principle, the polarization excess in the shells, the ratio of red/blue polarization and the higher integrated polarization as compared to other comets can be explained by an excess of particles of radius of about 0.1 μm. Such particles, however, are subject to strong radiation pressure and will be pushed back into the tail before they reach the observed location of the shells. Real Rayleigh particles cannot explain the observed increase in the ratio of red/blue polarization. One therefore cannot exclude the possibility that the excess polarization in the shells is caused by fluffy aggregates via effects which are presently not well understood. The colour map shows features not well related to intensity and polarization, perhaps another dust shell of a different particle size.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006214930797
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Observations Of Scattered Light From Cometary Dust And Their Interpretation (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 79 (1997), S. 221-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comets ; dust ; colour ; polarization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This review begins with a discussion of the techniques needed for observations of scattered light from cometary dust. After an introduction into the basic concepts of the scattering process, observations of the phase curves of brightness, colour and polarization are covered. Images of colour and polarization are presented and the observed relation of colour and polarization in jets and shells is discussed. The interpretation of the measurements is based on the power law size distributions of dust grains observed from space. The power index must lie between 2 and 4 to provide the mass budget and visibility of the dust coma in accordance with the basic facts of cometary physics. Application of mechanical (radiation pressure) theory to cometary images allows us to derive related power law distributions for comets not explored by spacecraft. Grain scattering models are presented and compared with observations. A prediction is made of the spatial distribution of Stokes parameters U and V in the presence of aligned particles. Up to now such patterns have not been observed. Future work should include the exploration of comets at small and possibly very small phase angles and a detailed comparison of polarization and colour images of comets with thermal images and with models based on mechanical theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006249703639
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aperture Polarimetry And Photometry Of Comet Hale-Bopp (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comets ; comet Hale-Bopp ; polarization ; dust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present results of polarimetric and photometric observations of bright comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) obtained at the 0.7 m telescope of Kharkov University Observatory from June 18, 1996 to April 24, 1997. The IHW and HB comet filters were used. The C2 and C3 production rates for Hale-Bopp are more than one order of magnitude larger and the dust production rates are more than two orders of magnitude larger than the Halley ones at comparable distances. Hence, Hale-Bopp was one of the most dusty comets. The average UC-BC and BC-RC colours of the dust were −0.02 and 0.13 mag, respectively. The polarization of comet Hale-Bopp at small phase angles of 4.8–13.0° was in good agreement with the date for comet P1/Halley at the same phase angles in spite of the fact that the heliocentric distances of comments differed nearly twice. However, at intermediate phase angles of 34–49° the polarization of comet Hale-Bopp was significantly larger than the polarization of the other dusty comets. It is the first case of such a large difference found in the continuum polarization of comets. The wavelength dependence of polarization for Hale-Bopp was steeper than for other dusty comets. The observed degree of polarization for the anti-sunward side of the coma was permanently higher than that for the sunward shell side. The polarization phase dependence of Hale-Bopp is discussed and compared with the polarization curves for other dusty comets. The peculiar polarimetric properties of comet Hale-Bopp are most likely caused by an over-abundance of small or/and absorbing dust particles in the coma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006246310324
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase-Only Modulation with a Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Panel for a Reconfigurable Grating (1997)
    Springer
    Optical review 4 (1997), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Schlagwort(e): spatial light modulator ; twisted nematic liquid crystal panel ; polarization ; grating ; reconfigurable
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A single-path transmission type twisted nematic liquid crystal panel appears to achieve nearly phase-only spatial light modulation when placed between a properly aligned polarizer and analyzer. We obtained more than π phase delay with the equipment whose retardation was less than π.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-997-0395-4
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relativistic wave packing and quantization (1997)
    Springer
    Speculations in science and technology 20 (1997), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9309
    Schlagwort(e): Quantum ; classical ; vacuum ; polarization ; electromagnetic.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that an alternative version of Schro¨dinger theory based only on classical physical concepts makes possible a simple and direct derivation of Sommerfeld's fine-structure formula in an external field independent way in the general context of bound electronic states. It is thus demonstrated that this formula is of classical origin and of much greater generality than had previously been thought.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018504401502
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    UV Photopolarimetric Imaging of C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) with the Wide Field Imaging Survey Polarimeter (WISP) (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comets ; dust ; polarization ; photochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report on the reduction and analysis of UVpolarimetric images of CI (λ1657 Å) and dust continuum (2696 Å emissions from C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) taken using the Wide Field Imaging Survey Polarimeter (WISP) sounding rocket on 8 April, 1997. These observations represent the first imaging polarimetry of comets in the UV, and were performed in consort with ground based measurements of gas and dust polarization and distribution. The continuum results show 9% polarization across the image field with a polarization phase angle close to the 129° prediction. Comparison with ground based data implies minimal color dependence for Hale-Bopp in either the degree of polarization and in the position angle. The carbon polarimetry implies that most production occurs in the dense inner coma, and that it leaves that area in thermodynamic equilibrium. Its radial profile further constrains the carbon outflow speed to be sufficient to travel ≥5 × 106 km without photoionization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006297428846
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polarimetry Of Comet Hale-Bopp: Linear And Circular Polarization, Stellar Occultation (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Comets ; comet Hale-Bopp ; polarization ; grains
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Comet Hale-Bopp was observed with the 2.6-m and 1.25-m telescopes of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory on March 9 and 11, 1997. We determined the linear and circular polarization in the coma. For the dust coma, the linear polarization varied from 7.8% to 12.4%. The degree of circular polarization was always negative and did not exceed 0.3% with an accuracy of ±0.04% on average. The passage of a bright star through the cometary coma was monitored with polarimetry and photometry. The wavelength dependence and spatial variations of optical thickness of dust are obtained from the stellar occultation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006266914867
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zeeman transitions in deuterium atoms induced by ultra-relativistic electrons (1997)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 110 (1997), S. 239-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Schlagwort(e): hyperfine transitions ; deuterium ; ultra-relativistic electrons ; polarization ; atomic beam
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present data showing hyperfine transitions in an atomic deuterium beam induced by the (476 MHz) radio-frequency field of a 704 MeV electron beam in a storage ring. A polarized deuterium beam, produced in an atomic beam source, was crossed with a stored electron beam and analyzed with a Breit--Rabi polarimeter. Electron-beam induced transitions were singled out by injecting different combinations of hyperfine states. Transition probabilities as high as 70% were measured at large currents (~ 100 mA). All possible deuterium transitions for a radio-frequency of 476 MHz were observed. In addition, a 1--6 transition resulting from the first harmonic (952 MHz) was observed. The effects of these transitions are of general importance for the polarized internal target technique applied in nuclear and particle physics experiments. The data are reasonably described by numerical estimates. The observed mechanism can be exploited to create nuclear polarized atoms when injecting electron polarized atoms with no net nuclear polarization into a storage cell. However, when nuclear polarized atoms are injected, care should be taken to avoid this mechanism, since it would result in depolarization of the atoms. The studies enabled us to choose the magnetic guide field during our spin-dependent electron--deuteron scattering experiments, such that electron-beam induced depolarizing effects were avoided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012696020930
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measuring the Michel parameter ξ'' (1999)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 118 (1999), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Schlagwort(e): Michel parameters ; muon decay ; polarization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Unlike the majority of Michel parameters which are consistent with the Standard Model V-A interaction, the experimental value of ξ″(=0.65±0.36) [1] is poorly known. Our experiment will measure the longitudinal polarization, P L , of positrons emitted from the decay of polarized muons. The value of P L , equal to unity in the Standard Model, will decrease for high energy positrons emitted antiparallel to the muon spin if the combination of Michel parameters ξ″/ξξ′ − 1 deviates from the Standard Model value of zero.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012632518939
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