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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 34 (1988), S. 232-241 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To evaluate the feeding pressure exerted by roe deer(Capreolus capreolus), on vegetation, the biomass within reach of feeding animals was measured in the Chizé forest (Deux Sèvres, France) in 2 types of woodland (oak and beech), and for 2 levels of population density: a high density of 20 animals/100 hectares (inside a fenced reserve) and a low density of 5 animals/100 hectares (outside the reserve). The biomass of vegetation was sampled 3 times (spring, end of summer, winter) using the same procedure each time. In the oakwood, total biomass was greater in areas of low density population than in areas with high density. In the beechwood, there was no significant difference in total biomass according to population density. In all cases, the maximum total biomass was observed in the spring sampling. Some differences were noted in the composition of the vegetation between the area inside the game reserve and the area outside the reserve.Hedera helix was very abundant outside the reserve andRuscus aculeatus and mosses were more frequent in the reserve. The feeding impact of roe deer on vegetation determines a change in the floral equilibrium permitting an increase in the abundance of plants not eaten by roe deer and causing a decrease of plants favoured by the deer.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans le but d'évaluer l'impact du chevreuil sur la végétation, la biomasse accessible à ces animaux a été évaluée dans 2 types d'association végétale (une chênaie et une hêtraie) pour 2 niveaux de densité de population dans la forêt domaniale de Chizé (Deux Sèvres, France): forte densité (20 animaux pour 100 hectares) dans la Réserve Nationale de Chasse et faible densité (5 animaux pour 100 hectares) à l'extérieur de la Réserve. Trois séries de relevés ont été effectuées avec la même méthode (printemps, fin de l'été, hiver). Dans la chênaie, la biomasse totale est plus importante en faible densité qu'en forte densité. Ce phénomène n'est pas observé dans la hêtraie. Dans tous les cas, elle est maximale au printemps. Des differences de la composition spécifique de la végétation sont observées entre la zone en réserve et l'extérieur. Le lierre(Hedera helix) est très abondant hors de la réserve. Le fragon(Ruscus aculeatus) et les mousses sont plus développées dans la réserve. L'impact du chevreuil se traduirait par une modification de la composition de l'équilibre végétal, le développement des espèces refusées par cet animal et la raréfaction des espèces appétentes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung des Einflusses des Rehwildes (Capreolus capreolus) auf die Vegetation wurde die diesen Tieren zugängliche Biomasse in zwei Waldgesellschaften (Eichen- und Buchenwald) mit unterschiedlicher Populationsdichte (hohe Dichte: 20 Stück/100 ha; niedrige Dichte 5 Stück/100 ha) im Staatsforst von Chizé (Frankreich) erhoben. Drei Probeaufnahmen wurden mittels der gleichen Methode (Frühjahr, Spätsommer, Winter) durchgeführt. Die Gesamtbiomasse liegt im Eichenwald höher bei niedriger als bei starker Populationsdichte. Gleiches Phänomen kann im Buchenwald nicht festgestellt werden. In allen Fällen wird die maximale Biomasse im Frühjahr erreicht. Unterschiede in der spezifischen Vegetationszusammensetzung zwischen Gehege-und Freiflächen konnten beobachtet werden. Efeu (Hedera helix) ist außerhalb des Geheges reichlich vorhanden. Segge (Ruscus aculeatus) und Moosarten sind im Gehege stark vertreten. Der Einfluß der Rehe wird durch die Veränderung des Vegetationsgleichgewichtes, der Entwicklung von verweigerten und Seltenwerden der bevorzugten Pflanzenarten, eindeutig.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 34 (1988), S. 262-276 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 3-16 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Annual maximum ; partial duration series ; T-year estimate ; marshall-Olkin bivariate distribution ; Morgenstern bivariate distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract As a basis for development of the annual maximum distribution the so-called partial duration series with Poissonian occurrence times and exponentially distributed peak exceedance values has been selected. The model is generalized by allowing for a Markov dependence between succeeding peak values. Correlation values from p=0 to p=1 can be accounted for by introducing the Marshall-Olkin bivariate exponential distribution, which is presented in detail. The developed distribution function for the annual maximum is throughly analysed and a variety of distribution forms depending on the value of the correlation coefficient and the intensity in the Poisson process is hereby recognized. To a certain extent this might be considered as parallel to the scattering of hydrological regions with different generating mechanisms for the annual maxima.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Cyclonic precipitation ; mathematical modeling ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic description is developed for extratropical cyclonic precipitation fields at synoptic and meso scales as they are typically observed by radars over the Earth. This description attempts to account I) for the synoptic scale behavior of a cyclonic storm (its birth, its synoptic scale motion trajectory, and its dissipation) II) for the synoptic-scale organizational structure of subsynoptic precipitation areas (rainbands, precipitation cores and raincells) within a cyclonic storm; and III) for the behavior of subsynoptic precipitation areas, in terms of their births, their spatial configuration evolutions, their motions, and their deaths (dissipation). The precipitation cores and the raincells are taken as the building blocks of the subsynoptic precipitation, areas within a cyclonic rainfield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 81-100 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic differential equations ; Itô calculus ; Stratovovich integrals ; Jump integrals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Fundamentals of the theory of stochastic calculus and stochastic differential equations (SDE's) which are finding increasing application in water resources engineering are reviewed. The basics of probability theory, mean square calculus and the Wiener, white Gaussian and compound Poisson processes are given in preparation for a discussion of the general Itô SDE with drift, diffusion and jump discontinuity terms driven by Gaussian white noise and compound Poissionian impulses. Also discussed are stochastic integration and the derivation of moment equations via the Itô differential rule. The lierature of SDE's is reviewed with an emphasis on the more accessible sources.
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  • 7
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    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 53-66 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Hurst range ; conditioned exchangeable, variables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new theoretical interpretation is proposed for Hurst's empirical law which is applicable to discrete-valued inflows and is consistent with the existing interpretation for continuous-valued inflows. This is applied to independent net inflows {X r} having values +1 and −1 with unequal probabilities. With the aid of a new result on the exchangeability of symmetrically conditioned exchangeable variables, values of the resulting range are obtained and tabulated. It is found that the effect of skewness is very slight for skewness values between (about) 3 and −3, and that Hurst's own approximation, the “conditioned range”, is remarkably accurate.
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  • 8
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    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 67-80 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: pattern analysis ; mixed-mode data ; event-covering ; discretization ; hydrometric data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a pattern analysis technique that has been successfully applied to a set of hydrometric network data collected in British Columbia, Canada. This technique can extract information from a set of observed heterogeneous multivariate data. The data are represented as n-tuples of mixed discrete and continuous values. The technique is capable of screening out statistically irrelevant information. It is also able to detect inherent subgroups in the data through adopting an event-covering approach. The subgroup characteristics represent important empirical understanding even though there may be considerable probabilistic variation within each individual subgroup.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 17-36 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic hydrology ; multivariate analysis ; information extraction ; information transfer ; structure of time series ; time series analysis ; spatial characteristics ; simulation of processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic approach to the analysis of hydrologic processes is defined along with a discussion of causes of tendency, periodicity and stochasticity in hydrologic series. Sources of temporal non-stationarity are described along with objectives and methods of analysis of processes and, in general, of information extraction from data. Transferred information as measured by correlation coefficients is compared with the transferable information as measured by entropy coefficients. Various multivariate approaches to hydrologic stochastic modeling are classified in light of complexities of spatial/temporal hydrologic processes. Alternatives of time series structural decomposition and modeling are compared. A special approach to modeling of space properties further contributes to approximate simulations of spatial/temporal processes over large areas. Several aspects of stochastic models in hydrology are concisely reviewed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 101-116 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Soil moisture ; stochastic processes ; stochastic differential equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of water within the unsaturated root zone of the soil are represented by a pair of stochastic differential equations (SDE's), one representing the so-called “surplus” state of the moisture and the other the “deficit” condition. The inputs to the model are the climatically controlled random infiltration events and evapotranspiration which are modeled as a compound Poisson process and a Wiener (Brownian motion) process, respectively. The solutions to these SDE's are not in “close-form” but sample functions are obtained by numerical integration. The moment properties of the soil moisture evolution process have also been derived analytically including the mean, variance, covariance and autocorrelation functions. To illustrate the model, climatic parameters representing the “surplus” and “deficit” cases and properties of clay loam soil have been used to numerically derived the corresponding sample functions. With proper selection of all the parameters, physically realistic sample trajectories can be obtained for the model.
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