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  • Articles  (10)
  • strata control  (6)
  • probability  (4)
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • De Gruyter
  • Geological Society of America
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Oxford University Press
  • Society of Economic Geologists
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  • 1984  (9)
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  • Geosciences  (10)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • Springer  (10)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • De Gruyter
  • Geological Society of America
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer aided design and strata control (1984)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 2 (1984), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Coal mining ; strata control ; computer-aided design ; mine planning: steep seam working
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary Research into strata control has been pursued at Cerchar for the last 20 years, and has led to the definition of rules for the siting of new mine workings. These rules are drawn up as a function of the ‘volume of influence’ which is exerted by existing workings. To facilitate their application by the coal producer, a computer-aided design system for steep-seam faces has been developed on a minicomputer. The main features of the interactions which occur within the volume of influence of such faces are restated and the system which has been developed for design is described, with particular emphasis on the design stages which involved graphic systems and data base management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00880856
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of rock classification to estimate roof caving span in oblong workings (1984)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 2 (1984), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Rock classification ; longwall mining ; strata control ; mine openings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary Indian coal measures have widely varying caving characteristics. The maximum roof span of a longwall or depillaring panel at the time of nether roof collapse is shown to have a direct relation withRQD from a study of 12 case histories. A similar relation between maximum unsupported span of openings and rock mass quality as defined by theQ-system was also demonstrated. A simple nomogram is presented to predict the face advance required to cause roof collapse when theRQD or rock mass quality is known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00880878
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation and error analysis of a strata modelling technique (1984)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 2 (1984), S. 305-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Coal mining ; finite difference analysis ; error analysis ; strata control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary Sources of error are investigated for a two-dimensional finite difference computer program designed to model strata deformation. The program calculates the displacements of a mesh of ‘mass points’, by the iterative solution of equations of equilibrium for the stresses acting on each mass point. The effect of errors on both displacement estimates and stress estimates is considered. Round-off errors are discussed analytically, while the effect of choosing too coarse a mesh density is demonstrated by comparison of two runs of the program with identical material properties, but different mesh densities. The influence of boundary conditions and the result of incomplete relaxation of the finite difference equations is estimated by comparison with Kirsch's analytical solution for a thin plate of finite width with a circular hole under unidimensional load. As a result of the analysis, estimators for stresses and displacements are derived, which make allowance for some of the sources of error; suitable boundary conditions for first and subsequent runs of the program are proposed; and a convergence criterion for the iterative process is suggested. These results are then applied to simulations of mining situations, together with various refinements of the basic model, such as separation and ‘slip’ between adjacent strata, and an allowance for failure of material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic methods for the prediction of strata behaviour (1984)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 2 (1984), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Coal mining ; strata control ; finite difference analysis ; stochastic methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary A two-dimensional finite difference computer program, with the facility to represent stratified material by means of a mesh of ‘mass points’ with different material properties in each square of the mesh, is adapted to run on a mesh whose material properties are selected stochastically from a specified distribution. The program uses an iterative method to solve the equations of equilibrium, giving estimates of displacements and stresses. Lattices of normally distributed (zero mean, unit variance) random values are produced: lattices of statistically independent values and lattices whose values are spatially correlated, to give the effect of gradual variations resulting in regions of positive values and regions of negative values. These lattices are used to generate the material properties: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and density. Each property has a specified mean and standard deviation for each material in the model, and the precise values for each mass point are calculated from the relevant lattices. A simple model with a square opening is used to investigate the effect of this stochastic generation of material properties, by comparison of stresses and displacements near the opening for runs of the program with (1) deterministic and (2) stochastic properties. Similar lattices of random values are used to introduce a stochastic element in the criterion for failure of materials. This is applied to a more realistic simulation of a mining situation, where Mohr's Criterion is used, with a stochastic component, to determine whether failure has occurred at each point of the mesh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A probabilistic approach to the assessment of uranium resources (1981)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 13 (1981), S. 489-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Uranium ; resource estimation ; probability ; Bayes ; roll-front deposits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a probabilistic approach to the estimation of uranium resources that allows for the integration of geologic observations with the experience and judgment of geologists. The paper focuses on estimating roll-front type deposits. The approach is based on a quantitative material balance model of ore formation that describes the quantity of uranium resources in terms of several key parameters constituting the quantity of uranium entering a host, and the fraction of the entering uranium that has been precipitated. The parameters cannot necessarily be measured in the field, but they can be inferred from available information and interpretation of field observations. The key to this approach is eliciting these inferences from geologists, representing the uncertainties inherent in drawing the geologic inferences as probability distributions, and combining the distributions to arrive at a probability distribution for uranium resources in a region. This paper presents the model, procedures for eliciting subjective probabilities and updating the distribution over resources within a Bayesian framework, and a demonstration of the procedure by obtaining estimates for three roll-front type deposits in Wyoming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    U.S. Geological Survey probabilistic methodology for oil and gas resource appraisal of the United States (1984)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 16 (1984), S. 797-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: oil ; gas ; resource appraisal ; probability ; Monte Carlo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Probabilistic methodology used by the U.S. Geological Survey is described for estimating the quantity of undiscovered recoverable conventional resources of oil and gas in the United States. A judgmental probability distribution of the “quantity of resource” and its properties is determined for a geologic province or basin. From this distribution, point and interval estimates of the quantity of undiscovered resource are obtained. Distributions and their properties are established for each of the following resources: (1) oil and nonassociated gas from estimates of the probability of the resource being present and the conditional probability distribution of the quantity of resource given that the resource is present, (2) associated-dissolved gas from its corresponding oil distribution, (3) total gas, (4) oil and total gas in two or more provinces. Computer graphics routines are illustrated with examples from the U.S. Geological Survey Circular 860.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01036705
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of spatial analysis in mineral resource evaluation (1984)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 16 (1984), S. 565-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Contour maps ; probability ; orthogonal polynomials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Methods of spatial statistics are useful for constructing contour maps of geological, geophysical, and geochemical features in aid of mineral resource appraisal. Statistically estimated regional trends, as well as local signals, can provide useful information on the occurrence probability of hidden mineral deposits. A specific problem of probabilistic mineral resource evaluation is to estimate the probability that a cell or group of cells belonging to a grid superimposed on a map contains mineral deposits of a given type. Typically, in regional studies the cell is square shaped measuring 10 or 40 km on a side. Numbers of deposits and quantities of metals or hydrocarbons are to be predicted from variables systematically measured for all cells. In this approach it is important to model the frequency distributions of the measurements as a function of cell size. Continuous and discrete random variables for cell data can be modeled in different ways using orthogonal polynomials. Each model provides guidelines for quantifying the information on rock types and mineral deposits displayed on geoscientific maps, and produces practical methods for treating these data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stochastic model of sedimentation (1984)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 16 (1984), S. 753-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Sedimentation ; erosion ; geological record ; random walk ; probability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model is presented which describes the origin of the earth's geological record in terms of a stochastic process involving random events of sedimentation and erosion. The model yields quantitative predictions of the percentages of the earth's land area in which sediments of one geological period directly overlie those of any given earlier period. It also predicts the total amount of sediment dating from each geological period, and the percentage of the earth's surface marked by outcrops of this sediment. These computed quantities are shown to correlate well with corresponding quantities derived from empirical investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01036703
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Astrata control system and its application in West German coal mining (1984)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 2 (1984), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Coal mining ; strata control ; rock pressure ; mine planning ; longwall mining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary Astrata control system has been developed to improve mine planning and design in deep coal mines in West Germany, where redistributed stresses from longwall workings in weak strata create difficult support problems. The system involves theoretical, laboratory and underground observations and studies of strata and support performance. Examples of the system covered in detail include planning the position and support of a cross-cut; improving a face layout; planning a gateroad; planning strata bolting and planning longwall face layouts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00880877
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roof bolting in underground mining: a state-of-the-art review (1984)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 2 (1984), S. 1-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Rock bolting ; underground mining ; strata control ; support ; rock mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Conclusions With continuing investigations and developments, roof bolting today can in most cases successfully reinforce the mine roof in underground mining. In order to cope with the increasing use of roof bolts, efforts should be made to maximize the safety and minimize the cost. With regard to mechanical bolting, two important parameters need more advanced improvements and study, namely, optimum design of the shape and type of expansion shell and optimum bolt tension for a specific bolt pattern. For the fully grouted resin bolt, the most critical requirement is to develop a fast-setting, low-cost, intoxic, inflammable grouting material that can be used in the high speed mining cycle. It should be noted that geological conditions such as the strata type, rock properties,in situ stress, and planes of weakness play an important role in the successful application of any roof bolting system. These factors should be specified as accurately and quantitatively as possible in the design of any roof bolting system. Finally, proper and careful installation and continuous monitoring are imperative for the success of any roof bolting system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00880855
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