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  • Artikel  (22)
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  • Springer  (22)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 4 (1997), S. 421-434 
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Schlagwort(e): gamma titanium aluminide ; hot isostatic pressing ; hot working ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; powder metallurgy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract For the last five years, the Structures, Materials and Propulsion Laboratory of the Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council of Canada, has devoted a significant amount of effort investigating powder metallurgy gamma titanium aluminides. The main results of the studies on microstructural evolution, hot workability, creep behaviour and microstructure-mechanical property relationships for P/M gamma alloys are reviewed in this article. Work is in progress to apply the knowledge gained to cast gamma alloys for gas turbine applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): NbAl3 ; microstructure ; high-temperature oxidation ; “pest” phenomenon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The NbAl3 intermetallic compound was prepared two different ways:first, by the classical induction-melting technique; the end product is acoarse-grain massive compound, including cracks and pores. Second, bymechanically activated annealing process (M2AP); the end product is afine-grain, powder of submicron crystallites. The oxidation behavior in airunder atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 500–1350°Cwas studied for each material in order to determine the influence of theNbAl3 microstructure on the oxidation mechanism. In all cases,the massive compound does not form the expected compact alumina, protectivescale. In the lower temperature range, the “pest” phenomenonoccurs. No grain disintegration was evidenced by oxidation of the M2APNbAl3 powder despite the high number of crystallites forming onegrain. This is a good argument with expected behavior for a massive materialproduced from the M2AP precursor by powder metallurgy processing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 54 (2000), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): microstructure ; Inconel 625 ; oxidation ; deformation substructure ; deformation twins ; energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) ; internal oxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The high-temperature, isothermal-oxidation behavior of a superalloy was studied in the as-rolled and deformed conditions. The microstructural changes occurring during the oxidation of samples were examined using optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fine-probe EDS microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The topography of the oxide layers formed in the as-rolled and cold-deformed specimens exposed at various temperatures and time intervals is also examined. The kinetics and microstructural results are presented for the comparative study of the structural changes occurring during high-temperature oxidation. It was found that a Cr2O3 external layer was adherent and uniform on the rolled specimens in comparison to the scattered and preferential oxide developed on the deformed specimens. The latter can be attributed to the concurrent dynamic changes occurring in the deformed substructure that subsequently lead to breaking and spallation of the oxide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 4 (1997), S. 333-347 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Schlagwort(e): softening ; dynamic recovery ; dynamic recrystallization ; microstructure ; peak strain ; subgrain ; Al2O3 reinforcement ; Al matrix ; torsion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Deformation and microstructural behaviours of a 20% (volumepercent) particle reinforced 6061 Al matrix composite have been studied bytorsion from 25 to 540°C with strain rates of 0.1, 1 and5 s-1. The logarithmic stress versus reciprocal temperaturerelationship exhibits two slopes indicating different deformationmechanisms. The 20% Al2O3/6061 Alcomposite shows a greater hardening behaviour than those of the 10% Al2O3/6061 Al composite and of the monolithic alloy. Above 250°C, TEM investigations reveal muchsmaller subgrain size and higher volume of non-cellular substructures, aswell as dynamic recrystallization nuclei in the 20% Al2O3/6061 Al composite in comparison to those of the10% Al2O3/6061 Al composite and matrixalloy the same test condition. The torsion fracture surface was studied andcompared to the three point bending failure specimens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 29 (1997), S. 61-83 
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Schlagwort(e): microstructure ; reconstruction ; conductivity ; percolation ; carbonates ; correlation ; conductivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract A method of 3-D stochastic reconstruction of porous media based on statistical information extracted from 2-D sections is evaluated with reference to the steady transport of electric current. Model microstructures conforming to measured and simulated pore space autocorrelation functions are generated and the formation factor is systematically determined by random walk simulation as a function of porosity and correlation length. Computed formation factors are found to depend on correlation length only for small values of this parameter. This finding is explained by considering the general percolation behavior of a statistically homogeneous system. For porosities lower than about 0.2, the dependence of formation factor on porosity shows marked deviations from Archie's law. This behavior results from the relatively high pore space percolation threshold (∼0.09) of the simulated media and suggests a limitation to the applicability of the method to low porosity media. It is additionally demonstrated that the distribution of secondary porosity at a larger scale can be simulated using stochastic methods. Computations of the formation factor are performed for model media with a matrix-vuggy structure as a function of the amount and spatial distribution of vuggy porosity and matrix conductivity. These results are shown to be consistent with limited available experimental data for carbonate rocks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloy ; oxidation ; microstructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of microstructure of the two-phase alloyTi–46Al–1Cr–0.2Si on the oxidation behavior in air between600 and 900°C was studied. The oxidation rate, type of scale, and scalespallation resistance were strongly affected by the type of microstructure,i.e., lamellar in as-cast material and duplex after extrusion at1300°C. The oxidation rate was affected by the size and distribution ofthe α2-Ti3Al phase, being faster for the extrudedmaterial with coarse α2-Ti3Al. The type of oxide scaledetermines the spalling resistance. Cast material developed a uniform scalethat spalled off after short exposure times at 800 and 900°C when a criticalthickness was reached. The extruded material presented a heterogeneous scalewith predominant thick regions formed on γ-TiAl-α2-Ti3Algrains and thin scale regions formed on γ-TiAl grains. Thistype of scale could permit an easier relaxation in the matrix of stressesgenerated by both thermal-expansion mismatch between scale and alloy andoxide growth, resulting in a higher spallation resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 259-275 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): laser surface alloying ; aluminum ; superalloys ; oxidation ; microstructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The high-temperature oxidation resistance of laser-surface-alloyed Incoloy 800H with Al has been investigated. Several samples have been exposed to 1000°C in air and subsequently analyzed by optical microscopy, SEM, and electron microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in order to determine their microstructure and composition. The results show that the laser-treated materials have a considerably higher oxidation resistance than the nontreated materials due to the formation of an Al-rich layer close to the surface, which acts as a barrier against oxygen diffusion into the bulk.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Schlagwort(e): phase transformation ; microstructure ; hardening and softening ; polycrystalline material ; shape memory alloys
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Based on the microstructure-based constitutive model established in Part I, a detailed numerical investigation on the role of each microstructure parameter in the kinematical and kinetic evolution of polycrystalline SMA under axisymmetrical tension loading is performed. Some macroscopic constitutive features of stress-induced martensite transformation are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Schlagwort(e): phase transformation ; microstructure ; hardening and softening ; polycrystalline material ; shape momory alloys
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of microstructure and its evolution on the macroscopic superelastic stress-strain response of polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) are studied by a microstructure-based constitutive model developed in this paper. The model is established on the following basis: (1) the transformation conditions of the unconstrained single crystal SMA microdomain (to be distinguished from the bulk single crystal), which serve as the local criterion for the derivation of overall transformation yield conditions of the polycrystal; (2) the micro- to macro-transition scheme by which the connection between the polycrystal aggregates and the single crystal microdomain is established and the macroscopic transformation conditions of the polycrystal SMA are derived; (3) the quantitative incorporation of three microstructure factors (i.e., nucleation, growth and orientation distribution of martensite) into the modeling. These microstructural factors are intrinsic of specific polycrystal SMA systems and the role of each factor in the macroscopic constitutive response is quantitatively modeled. It is demonstrated that the interplay of these factors will result in different macroscopic transformation kinematics and kinetics which are responsible for the observed macroscopic stress-strain hardening or softening response, the latter will lead to the localization and propagation of transformation bands in TiNi SMA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 381-383 
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Schlagwort(e): porous silicon ; microstructure ; infrared spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract We have investigated the effect of light exposure and ultrasonic (US) treatment on the formation of porous Si layers grown by electroless stain-etching technique. It was shown that; the He-Ne laser exposure resultedin a considerable increase in both the hydrogenation and the oxidation amounts in n-type Si, but a decrease in p-type wafers. The effect is attributable to effective change in the concentration of free hole carriers. The UV light exposure has led to the shift at the peak positions, indicating probably a change in bonding configuration, and increase in oxidation. Also, a correlation was established between the ultrasonic treatment and the microstructure. The US treated samples exhibit a decrease in hydrogenation and oxidation. UV exposure together with the US has led to a further decrease in both hydrogen and oxygen amounts, which was rather indicative of an excessive surface etching.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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