ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Colonization and evolution of lakes on the central Norwegian coast following deglaciation and land uplift 9500 to 7800 years B.P. (1997)

Solem, John O. ; Solem, Thyra ; Aagaard, Kaare ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 269-281

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: colonization ; evolution ; lakes ; Norway ; deglaciation ; land uplift ; invertebrates ; Chironomidae ; Porifera ; Bryozoa ; diatoms ; Charophyta ; tsunami

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Invertebrate colonization of lakes following the uplift of land from the sea was studied in four lakes, currently situated between 39 and 24 m a.s.l., on the central Norwegian coast. The lakes were isolated from the sea between 9500 and 7700 years B.P. Animal and algal remains picked from core samples showed that the first colonizers preserved as fossils were usually members of the Chironomidae, Daphnidae/Chydoridae, Acarina, Porifera (Ephydatia mülleri and Spongilla lacustris), Bryozoa (Cristatella mucedo and Plumatella spp.) and Charophyta (Chara sp.). Of the chironomids, the genus Chironomus was present in the oldest lacustrine layers of all four lakes, but other genera recorded at the marine/lacustrine boundary were Dicrotendipes, Procladius (?), Einfeldia, Microtendipes, and Glyptotendipes. Remains of the caddis fly family Limnephilidae were also present in the earliest lacustrine sediments in Kvennavatnet and Kvernavatnet. The oldest invertebrate fauna is typical for mesotrophic lakes. However, chironomids and mites have been present in this area from at least about 10 500 years B.P. A diverse chironomid community was established between 300 and 800 years after isolation from the sea at Kvernavatnet on the island of Hitra, while only between 80 and 120 years passed before a comparably diverse community developed at Kvennavatnet on the mainland coast. A similar development of the invertebrate fauna occurred in Kvennavatnet, Kvernavatnet and Storkuvatnet. However, Litjvatnet deviates greatly from the ‘normal’ pattern because a tsunami disturbed the bottom sediments and fauna. The tsunami, a gigantic sea wave, was caused by a submarine slide from the Norwegian continental slope. It reached Litjvatnet, today located 24 m a.s.l., but was not traced in Storkuvatnet at 30 m a.s.l. This event happened about 7200 years B.P.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007934825272

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2

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A preliminary investigation of siliceous microfossil succession in late Quaternary sediments from Lake Baikal, Siberia (1997)

Julius, M. L. ; Stoermer, E. F. ; Colman, S. M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 189-206

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: Lake Baikal ; Russia ; paleolimnology ; diatoms ; chrysophyte cysts ; climate change

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Siliceous microfossil assemblage succession was analyzed in a 100 m sediment core from Lake Baikal, Siberia. The core was recovered from the lake's central basin at a water depth of 365 m. Microfossil abundance varied greatly within the intervals sampled, ranging from samples devoid of siliceous microfossils to samples with up to 3.49 × 1011 microfossils g-1 sediment. Fluctuations in abundance appear to reflect trends in the marine δ18O record, with peak microfossil levels generally representing climate optima. Microfossil taxa present in sampled intervals changed considerably with core depth. Within each sample a small number of endemic diatom species dominated the assemblage. Changes in dominant endemic taxa between sampled intervals ranged from extirpation of some taxa, to shifts in quantitative abundance. Differences in microfossil composition and the association of variations in abundance with climate fluctuations suggest rapid speciation in response to major climatic excursions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007924310688

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3

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A record of accelerated erosion in the recent sediments of Blelham Tarn in the English Lake district (1997)

van der Post, K. D. ; Oldfield, F. ; Haworth, E. Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 103-120

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: magnetism ; diatoms ; radioisotopes ; erosion ; laminae ; chronology

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Two frozen cores from Blelham Tarn were subsampled and measured using mineral magnetic, loss-on-ignition (LOI), radiometric, granulometric and diatom analyses. A detailed chronology was established using varves, radioisotopes and diatoms. This has enabled an accurately dated reconstruction of sedimentation over the past forty years. Despite a large increase in lake productivity, evidence suggests that the observed exponential increase in sedimentation rates can be attributed to erosion within the catchment. The predominant sediment source has been identified as surface soil. A comparison between the trend of accelerated sedimentation and the record of increased sheep stocking density for the area within which the most of the catchment lies, as well as observations of contemporary surface processes within the catchment, both suggest that much of the recent erosion is a direct response to increased pressure from sheep grazing.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007922129794

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4

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On diatom concentrations in lake sediments: results from an inter-laboratory comparison and other tests performed on a uniform sample (1997)

Wolfe, Alexander P.

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 261-268

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: diatoms ; microfossil concentrations ; methods ; paleolimnology ; West Okoboji Lake ; Iowa

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The diatom concentration of a uniform lake sediment sample was estimated in 15 laboratories. Whilst 21 of 35 estimates were between 13 and 19 × 107 valves g-1, values ranged from 8.2 × 106 to 2.0 × 109 valves g-1. However, counts from replicate sediment digestions, replicate slide preparations from a single digested slurry, and multiple counts from an individual slide all yielded internally consistent results, with acceptably low coefficients of variation (±4.5–6.3%). Without greater efforts towards harmonization, for example by calibrating techniques to a standard of known concentration, reported diatom concentration values, as well as derived data such as diatom accumulation rates, are not directly comparable between most laboratories. This sharply contrasts the strong reproducibility of diatom relative frequency data. A calibration exercise, using the Eucalyptus pollen spike technique to estimate a known concentration of Lycopodium spores, demonstrates that this method performs best when approximately equal proportions of microfossils and introduced markers are counted.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007937300347

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5

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The palaeolimnology of Lake Fidler, a meromictic lake in south-west Tasmania and the significance of recent human impact (1997)

Hodgson, Dominic ; Tyler, Peter ; Vyverman, Wim

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 313-333

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: palaeolimnology ; diatoms ; meromixis ; lakeontogeny ; human disturbance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Three meromictic lakes in the World Heritage Area of south-west Tasmania possess unusual microbiological communities. Their meromixis is maintained by periodic incursions of brackish water from the nearby Gordon River which, in its lower reaches, is a salt-wedge estuary. In 1977 the construction of a dam in the middle reaches of the river restricted penetration of the salt-wedge and meromixis rapidly declined in all three lakes. A palaeolimnological study was carried out on one of the lakes, Lake Fidler, firstly to determine the history of meromixis and its associated microbiological communities, and secondly to assess whether the recent and rapid decline of meromixis is inconsistent with natural rates of development of the Gordon River meromictic lakes. One part of this study included the analysis of the stratigraphy of fossil diatoms from a 17-metre sediment core dating back 8000 yrs. Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Analog Matching were used to compare diatom species assemblages in core samples with diatom samples from a reference dataset consisting of a selection of lake and river sites in the lower Gordon River valley. Five distinct stratigraphic zones were identified in the core. These zones indicated specific stages in the development of the Gordon River lakes from river backwaters to ectogenically-maintained meromictic lakes which will, finally, become terrestrialised by encroaching rainforest. The onset of a stratified water column was identified by the emergence of a dominant freshwater algal flora which suggested that the lake had developed a mixolimnion and become meromictic ca. 2070 ± 50 14C yrs ago. In the context of this long history of meromixis, the rapid demise in meromictic stability following construction of the dam is judged to be inconsistent with natural rates of development. The palaeolimnological studies, of which this paper is one part, prompt recommendations for a management strategy to prevent the further decay of these meromictic lakes in the World Heritage Area.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007995614287

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6

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Climate change at the monsoon/Westerly boundary in Northern Mexico (1997)

Metcalfe, S. E. ; Bimpson, A. ; Courtice, A. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 17 (1997), S. 155-171

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: Mexico ; palaeoclimate ; sediments ; diatoms ; pollen

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Northern Mexico lies close to the present day boundary between mid-latitude (Westerly) and tropical (monsoonal) sources of moisture. Studies from the adjacent southwest USA have shown major changes in lake levels and vegetation distributions over the late Quaternary which have been interpreted in terms of significant variations in the relative strengths and positions of these climate systems. Palaeoclimatic data from this area have, however, left a number of unresolved questions which can only be answered by extending work into northern Mexico, closer to the major source of summer (monsoonal) rain, the Gulf of Mexico. Studies of palaeolake sediments from a series of hydrologically closed lake basins across a range of altitudes (1280 to 2200 m a.s.l.) in northern Chihuahua are in progress using geochemical, mineral magnetic, diatom and plant microfossil analyses. Preliminary results are presented from the Alta Babícora and Encinillas basins. The sites provide records of lacustrine deposition between 〉11 000 and about 2500 yr BP. The diatom record from Babíora provides clear evidence for a deep water lake in this basin in the late glacial which persisted into the early Holocene. A dry episode coinciding with the timing of the Younger Dryas is recorded in Alta Babícora. Conditions wetter than present are indicated up to at least 7000 yr BP.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007905824147

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7

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A high resolution proxy-climate record from an arctic lake with annually-laminated sediments on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada (1997)

Gajewski, K. ; Hamilton, P. B. ; McNeely, R.

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 17 (1997), S. 215-225

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: arctic ; lake sediments ; varves ; Devon Island ; bacteria ; diatoms ; paleoclimate

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Sediments from a 3 ha lake (75 °34.34′N, 89 °18.55′W) from the coastal region of northern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada, contain discrete laminations in the deepest part of the basin. The laminations are varves as indicated by the correspondence between counts and thickness measurements of the couplets and 210Pb dating. A 14 cm core representing 150 years of sedimentation contained laminated couplets consisting of a lighter inorganic layer with a higher percentage of calcium and magnesium, alternating with fine darker bands, typically more cohesive, and comprising higher proportions of silica and carbon. A reddish oxidation zone with higher iron and aluminum frequently separates the laminations. The dark layer represents a biogenic component deposited in summer and is made cohesive by bacterial filaments among the other particles. The light inorganic layer represents clastic deposition from allochthonous sources. Deposition rates were relatively consistent through the core with an increase in varve thickness in the 1950s. Diatom concentrations in the sediments increased by two orders of magnitude in this century, with major increases in the 1920s and 1950s. The increase in varve thickness and diatom abundance coincides with an increase in summer melt percentage in an ice core from the Devon Island Ice Cap (Koerner, 1977). The relatively high sedimentation rate (0.15 cm yr-1) coupled with the consistency of deposition makes this lake a significant indicator for recent climate changes of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007984617675

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8

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A land-use and water-quality history of White Rock Lake reservoir, Dallas, Texas, based on paleolimnological analyses (1997)

Bradbury, J. Platt ; Van Metre, Peter C.

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 17 (1997), S. 227-227

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: diatoms ; pollen ; sediment ; reservoir limnology ; land-use change ; Texas

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract White Rock Lake reservoir in Dallas, Texas contains a 150-cm sediment record of silty clay that documents land-use changes since its construction in 1912. Pollen analysis corroborates historical evidence that between 1912 and 1950 the watershed was primarily agricultural. Land disturbance by plowing coupled with strong and variable spring precipitation caused large amounts of sediment to enter the lake during this period. Diatoms were not preserved at this time probably because of low productivity compared to diatom dissolution by warm, alkaline water prior to burial in the sediments. After 1956, the watershed became progressively urbanized. Erosion decreased, land stabilized, and pollen of riparian trees increased as the lake water became somewhat less turbid. By 1986 the sediment record indicates that diatom productivity had increased beyond rates of diatom destruction. Neither increased nutrients nor reduced pesticides can account for increased diatom productivity, but grain size studies imply that before 1986 diatoms were light limited by high levels of turbidity. This study documents how reservoirs may relate to land-use practices and how watershed management could extend reservoir life and improve water quality.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007923829759

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9

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Diatom-based interpretation of sediment banding in an urbanized lake (1997)

Hammer, Brian K. ; Stoermer, Eugene F.

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 17 (1997), S. 437-449

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: diatoms ; laminated sediments ; storm events ; urbanized lake

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Sediment stratigraphy and diatom succession were studied in an 80.5-cm core taken from the deepest part of Third Sister Lake, a small kettle hole in a recently urbanized landscape of southeastern Michigan. Alternating light clay and dark organic bands documented sporadic inputs of clay from outside the basin during rain events, rather than annual laminations. Urban construction activity also disrupted the inflow stream bed and facilitated transport of clay into the lake to generate non-rhythmic banding in the lake's deep hole. Diatom analysis revealed dramatic changes in predominant taxa with sediment depth verifying the non-annual nature of the sediment bands. Observation of halophilic diatom taxa also documented effects of human activity such as road salting on this small, urban lake.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007910732353

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10

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A Holocene paleosalinity diatom record from southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada: Harris Lake revisited (1997)

Wilson, Susan E. ; Smol, John P. ; Sauchyn, David J.

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 17 (1997), S. 23-31

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: diatoms ; salinity ; climatic change ; Holocene ; CypressHills ; Saskatchewan

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Fossil diatoms were analysed from a 10.3 m core from Harris Lake, Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, and a diatom-salinity transfer function was used to construct a history of Holocene salinity changes for the lake. The diatom paleosalinity record indicates that Harris Lake remained fresh 〈0.5 g l-1 throughout the Holocene, with only slight increases in salinity between approximately 6500 and 5200 years BP. This interval corresponds to the only period in the lake's history when planktonic diatoms were abundant; benthic Fragilaria taxa, mainly F. pinnata, F. construens and F. brevistriata were dominant throughout most of the Holocene. The shift from a benthic to a planktonic diatom flora between 6500 and 5200 years BP may be an indirect response to a warmer climate that reduced forest cover in the watershed and allowed greater rates of inorganic sedimentation. The small salinity increase that accompanies the floristic change is probably not the result of lower lake levels; in fact the lake was probably deeper at this point than in the later Holocene. This paleosalinity record indicates that Harris Lake did not experience episodes of hypersalinity during the mid-Holocene, as suggested by a previous study, and that the lake may have been fresh during the early Holocene as well.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007956808240

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