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1

Digitale Medien

Solanum berthaultii P.I. 265858; a possible source of protection against all strains of PVX (1982)

Gibson, R. W. ; Gunenc, Y.

Springer

Potato research 25 (1982), S. 127-130

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ISSN: 1871-4528

Schlagwort(e): potato ; virus breeding ; resistance

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary A clone ofSolanum berthaultii P.I. 265858 was not systemically infected when manually inoculated with isolates of PVX groups 1 to 3 but developed top-necrosis when grafted-inoculated, demonstrating it is hypersensitive. Plants sap- or graft-inoculated with an isolated of PVX group 4 or with PVXHB (a recently-discovered strain overcoming all reported sources of resistance to PVX) were infected systematically. The plants were extremely sensitive to these isolates, young leaves becoming necrotic and the plant dying within a few weeks and, whilst still alive, plants contained little virus and were a poor source of infection. These characteristics suggest that this clone could provide a means of breeding cultivars that would be protected against all known strains of PVX.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357281

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2

Digitale Medien

Resistance of Capsicum species to tobacco, tomato and pepper strains of tobacco mosaic virus (1982)

Rast, A. Th. B.

Springer

European journal of plant pathology 88 (1982), S. 163-170

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ISSN: 1573-8469

Schlagwort(e): TMV strains ; pathogenicity ; resistance ; hypersensitivity ; susceptibility

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting Om verschillen in pathogeniteit tussen twee in Nederland voorkomende paprikastammen van het TMV nader vast te stellen, werd een aantalCapsicum-herkomsten, waaronder negen soorten, op resistentie getoetst. Hierbij werden de representatieve paprika-isolaten P 11 en P 8 vergeleken met de uit tomaat afkomstige isolaten MA en SPS als vertegenwoordigers van respectievelijk de tabaks- en tomatestam van het TMV. Bij het beoordelen van de symptomen duidden lokale, necrotische vlekken en afvallen van geïnoculeerde bladeren op resistentie, systemische necrosen of mozaïeksymptomen op vatbaarheid. In deze symptomen kwamen tussen de gebruikte stammen verschillen in virulentie tot uitdrukking. Er werden echter vooral verschillen in agressiviteit waargenomen met betrekking tot zowel afzonderlijke, voor resistentie uitsplitsende,Capsicum-herkomsten als het totale aantal getoetste herkomsten. Van de ruim 73 herkomsten waren er 58 resistent tegen MA en SPS, 31 daarvan tegen P 11, maar slechts vijf daarvan tegen P 8. Deze resistentie tegen P 8 werd gevonden inC. chinense.

Notizen: Abstract A number ofCapsicum accessions including nine species were tested for resistance to TMV based on hypersensitivity. The tobacco strain MA and the tomato strain SPS, which were both isolated from tomato, and two pathogenically distinct pepper strains P 11 and P 8, were used. Of the 73Capsicum accessions tested 58 were resistant to MA and SPS, 31 were resistant to P 11 and five were resistant to P 8.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977275

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3

Digitale Medien

The effect of deep placement and surface application of nitrogen fertilizers at different light intensities on growth and yield of wetland rice (1982)

Eriksen, A. B. ; Nilsen, S.

Springer

Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 341-351

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Deep placement ; Light intensity ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Oryza sativa L. ; Rice ; Surface application ; Urea ; Wetland rice ; Yield

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Lowland rice (RD 3) was cultivated in containers of clay soil submerged with 5 cm water under controlled conditions in the phytotron. Deep placement of urea supergranules 5 cm in the soil significantly enhanced both plant growth and fertilizer efficiency when the plants were cultivated under high light intensity (70 Wm−2). At the highest urea level grain yield increased 119% above the control level, while growth and fertilizer efficiency was not as high when deep placement of calcium nitrate was used. The application of urea prills and calcium nitrate (18.4g Nm−2) in two split doses on the soil surface increased grain yield as much as 91% above the control level. At the lower nitrogen concentration (9.2 g N m−2), the urea prills were more efficient than calcium nitrate as indicated by the grain yield. The height of those plants fertilized by surface application was affected by the concentration and not the type of fertilizer. The number of tillers, however, was significantly higher on urea fertilized plants. When the rice plants were cultivated under low light intensity 930 Wm−2), neither the nitrogen fertilizers nor the method of application had a significant effect on growth and yield.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197939

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4

Digitale Medien

Effects of waterlogging on young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil solutes at different soil temperatures (1982)

Trought, M. C. T. ; Drew, M. C.

Springer

Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372453

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5

Digitale Medien

The use of an evolutionary scheme for cauliflowers in the screening of genetic resources (1982)

Crisp, P.

Springer

Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 725-734

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Brassica oleracea var. ; botrytis ; cauliflower ; evolution ; resistance ; Plasmodiophora brassicae ; clubroot ; Delia radicum ; cabbage root fly ; genetic resources

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary A hypothetical scheme is given for the evolution of the different types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). This has been useful in identifying sources of reduced susceptibility to cabbage root fly (Delia radicum (L.)), and may also be useful in the search for reduced susceptibility to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.). It is argued that knowledge of the phylogeny of types within each crop species is of great importance in the exploitation of genetic resources.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039211

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6

Digitale Medien

Breeding for resistance to yellow disease of hyacinths. II. Influence of flowering time, leaf characters, stomata and chromosome number on the degree of resistance (1982)

Tuyl, J. M.

Springer

Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 621-628

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hyacinthus orientalis ; hyacinth ; Xanthomonas hyacinthi ; yellow disease ; resistance ; general combining ability ; flowering date ; leaf characters ; stomata ; correlation coefficients

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Analysis of an incomplete diallel design with 14 hyacinth cultivars and 4 wild accessions of Hyacinthus orientalis showed a significant GCA component for resistance to yellow disease. The late flowering hyacinth cultivars ‘King of the Blues’ and ‘Marconi’ and the early flowering Hyacinthus orientalis 70129 were found to be the best combiners for yellow disease resistance. Within a cultivar, the degree of earliness itself was not associated with the degree of resistance. Correlation coefficients of leaf characters and degree of resistance showed that hyacinths with short and/or narrow leaves are generally more resistant than those with long and/or broad leaves. Tetraploid cultivars with few, large stomata tend to be susceptible, diploid ones with many small stomata tend to be the more resistant.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039200

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7

Digitale Medien

Factors of plant nutrient availability relevant to soil testing (1982)

Mengel, K.

Springer

Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 129-138

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Ammonium ; Buffering power ; Nitrate ; Nutrient availability ; Phosphate ; Potassium

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary In most arable soils the nitrate availability depends mainly on the quantity of nitrate present in the rooting zone at the beginning of the growing season. Easily mineralizable organic N and the release of non-exchangeable NH4 from clay minerals may in addition control the nitrogen availability during a season. In flooded soils, ammonium is the major form of nitrogen absorbed by plants. Ammonium dynamics in these soils is similar to that of potassium. The availability of both is controlled mainly by the intensity and buffering power for ammonium or potassium, respectively. Basically, intensity of the supply and buffering power for phosphate are the main factors determining the phosphate availability. The determination of the phosphate buffer power, especially in the root zone, however, remains to be difficult. Soil test methods should take into consideration the major factors and processes relevant to the availability of a particular plant nutrient.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375167

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8

Digitale Medien

Nitrate reductase activity and growth response of forest species to ammonium and nitrate sources of nitrogen (1982)

Adams, M. A. ; Attiwill, P. M.

Springer

Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 373-381

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Ammonium ; Eucalypt ; Forest ; Nitrate ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrification ; Pine

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Three tree species,Eucalyptus regnans (F. Muell.),E. obliqua (L'Herit.),Pinus radiata (D. Don) were grown in sand culture with different proportions of nitrate and ammonium. Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA) was induced in root tissue of all species and in leaf tissue of the eucalypts. An increasing proportion of nitrate resulted in increasing NRA in all species and hence NRA alone is no indication of N-preference. The highest NRA was found withE. regnans, a result which has also been obtained in the mature forest. The growth ofE. regnans was least with NH4 + alone, whereas that ofE. obliqua was least with NO3 − alone. The soils of matureE. regnans forest have a high potential for nitrification while those ofE. obliqua forest show little nitrification. Thus the preference for particular N sources shown by seedlings in culture is supported by related properties of mature forests. It is postulated however, that the inducibility of a high level of RNA in seedlings is more likely a result of a preference for NO3 − than a cause.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183803

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9

Digitale Medien

The kinetics of ammonium and nitrate uptake by young rice plants (1982)

Youngdahl, L. J. ; Pacheco, R. ; Street, J. J. ; [weitere]

Springer

Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 225-232

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Nutrient interactions ; Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Solution culture ; Uptake kinetics

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary An important process which affects the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to a rice crop is crop N uptake. This uptake rate is controlled by many factors including the N-ion species and its concentration. In this study the relation between N concentration at the root surface and N uptake was characterized using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The equation considers two parameters, Vmax and Km, which are measures of the maximum rate of uptake and the affinity of the uptake sites for the nutrient, respectively. Uptake rates of intact rice plants growing in a continuously flowing nutrient solution system were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model using a weighted regression analysis. For NH4−N the Km values for 4- and 9-week-old rice plants indicated a high affinity for the ammonium ions relative to concentrations reported for rice soils after fertilization. The Vmax values expressed on a unit-root-mass basis decreased with plant age, indicating a reduction in the average density of uptake sites on the root surface. The kinetics of NO3−N uptake was similar to that of NH4−N when NO3−N was the only N source. However, if NH4−N and NO3−N were present simultaneously in the solution the Vmax for the uptake of NO3−N was severely reduced, while the Km was affected very little. This inhibition appears to be noncompetitive. Fertilization of young rice plants leading to concentration of N at the root surface above approximately 900 μM will not increase crop uptake and may contribute to inefficient N recovery by the crop. The existence of NH4−N and NO3−N simultaneously at the root surface may also lead to inefficient N recovery because of reduced uptake of NO3−N.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374517

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10

Digitale Medien

Availability of fixed NH4 + to crops (1982)

Saha, Dipankar ; Mukherjee, R. ; Mukhopadhyay, Asit K.

Springer

Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 345-349

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Ammonium ; Fixed ammonium ; Maize ; Mineralization ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Rhizosphere

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Significantly lower amounts of exchaneable NH4, soluble NO3 and clay-fixed NH4 forms of N were observed in the unfertilized fields with high rather than low-density cropped plots. Irrespective of planting densitites, the fixed NH4 content in soil increased with increase in the period of crop growth. N uptake by plant and total bacterial population of rhizosphere soil were significantly higher in the plots with the high than with the low-density planting. Availability of native fixed NH4 + to crops and biological utilization of a considerable amount of recently mineralized NH4 + in fixed form is indicated.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375055

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