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  • gene expression  (194)
  • Springer  (194)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cambridge University Press
  • De Gruyter
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley
  • 2000-2004  (49)
  • 1995-1999  (143)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
  • 2000  (49)
  • 1997  (69)
  • 1996  (74)
  • 1984  (2)
  • 1959
  • 1937
  • 1936
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  • Springer  (194)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cambridge University Press
    • +
Years
  • 2000-2004  (49)
  • 1995-1999  (143)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transglutaminase induction by various cell death and apoptosis pathways (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 942-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; transglutaminase ; signalling ; gene expression ; promoter elements ; retinoic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clarification of the molecular details of forms of natural cell death, including apoptosis, has become one of the most challenging issues of contemporary biomedical sciences. One of the effector elements of various cell death pathways is the covalent cross-linking of cellular proteins by transglutaminases. This review will discuss the accumulating data related to the induction and regulation of these enzymes, particularly of tissue type transglutaminase, in the molecular program of cell death. A wide range of signalling pathways can lead to the parallel induction of apoptosis and transglutaminase, providing a handle for better understanding the exact molecular interactions responsible for the mechanism of regulated cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in gene expression in the rat brain revealed by differential display (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 888-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ageing ; rat ; brain ; gene expression ; differential display
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique of differential display to analyse changes in gene expression during ageing of the rat brain. In this approach we have compared three young adult (6 months) with three old adult (20 months) animals. RNA preparations from the homogenised brains were subjected to reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR using 36 different combinations of primer pairs. Any PCR product which was consistently found to be more prominent in the three young brains compared to the three old brains, and vice versa, was scored as potentially representing a gene which was differentially expressed during the ageing of this tissue. Out of a possible 2000+PCR products we identified 44 that might represent genes that exhibit differential expression during ageing of the rat brain. An initial screen of these fragments, by Southern-blotting the PCR products and hybridising them with cDNA probes derived from either young or old brain RNA preparations, indicated that 40% of them represented genes that were differentially expressed. This approach is likely to prove invaluable for identifying cohorts of genes that show differential expression during the ageing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01938876
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability and expression of amplified EPSPS genes in glyphosate resistant tobacco cells and plantlets (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: glyphosate ; gene expression ; gene amplification ; cell culture ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The stability and expression of amplified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) genes was examined in glyphosate resistant tobacco cells grown in glyphosate-free medium, and in plantlets regenerated from resistant cells. Amplified DNA was maintained in resistant cells grown in the absence of glyphosate for three years. Amplified EPSPS genes were retained in regenerated plantlets at levels comparable to those observed in the resistant cells, and EPSPS mRNA was overexpressed (compared to unselected plantlets). However, glyphosate resistance in cell lines grown in glyphosate-free medium declined 7-fold, and in regenerated plantlets approximately 20-fold, compared to resistant cells maintained under glyphosate selection. In plantlets, reduced resistance correlated with lower levels of EPSPS mRNA. Plantlets regenerated from resistant cells exhibited morphological variation, and had an approximate doubling of their nuclear genome size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232070
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservation of Gene Expression Ratios Among Multiple Complex cDNAs After PCR Amplification: Application to Differential Gene Expression Studies (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of structural and functional genomics 1 (2000), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-0267
    Keywords: cDNA ; PCR cDNA ; TaqMan Analysis ; gene expression ; Pearson's correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comparative gene expression studies are often limited by low availability of tissue and poor quality of extractable mRNA. Collective PCR amplification of minute quantities of mRNA has great potential for overcoming these limitations. However, there remains significant concern about the effects of amplification on the absolute and relative abundance of individual mRNAs that could complicate subsequent gene expression studies. To address this problem, we systematically compared the relative abundance of many specific mRNAs from complex cDNA preparations (from tissue and cultured cells) both before and after amplification by PCR. Our results demonstrated that, as expected, the absolute abundance of different mRNAs in a cDNA library is altered in an unpredictable manner by PCR amplification. However, we found that the concentration ratios of specific mRNAs among different cDNA preparations were routinely well conserved after PCR amplification. Thus, for the purpose of comparative expression studies for specific mRNAs in two (or more) complex cDNAs, PCR-amplified cDNA is equally useful as unamplified cDNA. These results provide a rigorous experimental validation and offer a theoretical treatment to support the utility of PCR amplified cDNA for differential gene expression studies. We conclude that the inherent difficulties in performing differential screening studies such as gene chip and array analyses on limited amounts of biological materials can be overcome by a PCR amplification step without compromising data quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011337409258
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in hepatoma cells (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 155 (1996), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; gene expression ; rat hepatoma ; Morris hepatoma cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whether the gene expression of hepatic Ca2+-binding protein regucalcin is altered in hepatomas was investigated. The change in regucalcin mRNA levels was analyzed by Northern blotting using liver regucalcin complementary DNA (0.9 kb). Rat hepatoma was induced by continuous feeding of basal diet containing 0.06% 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′-Me-DAB). After 35 weeks feeding, rats were sacrificed, and the non-tumorous and tumorous tissues of the livers were removed. In individual rats, the regucalcin mRNA levels in the tumorous tissues were generally decreased in comparison with that of the non-tumorous tissues of the chemical-fed rats, although the chemical administration might decrease the mRNA expression in normal rat liver, suggesting that the chemical administration causes a suppresive effect on the mRNA expression. When the genomic DNA extracted from the liver tumorous tissues was digested with restriction enzymes (EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII) and analyzed by Southern blotting, no rear-ranged band was found in the regucalcin gene from the hepatoma. Interestingly, in the transplantable Morris hepatoma cells, the regucalcin mRNA was markedly expressed, while the albumin mRNA was expressed only slightly. The present study demonstrates that regucalcin mRNA is clearly expressed in the transformed cells (Morris hepatoma cells).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714337
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid hormonal regulation of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA expression in the kidney cortex of rats (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 155 (1996), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; aldosterone ; estrogen ; dexamethasone ; gene expression ; rat kidney cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various steroid hormones on the expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex of rats was investigated. The change of regucalcin mRNA levels was analyzed by Northern blotting using rat liver regucalcin complementary DNA (0.9 kb of open-reading frame). Regucalcin mRNA was expressed in the kidney cortex but not the medulla. Rats received a single subcutaneous administration of steroid; the animals were sacrificed 60 min after the treatment of aldosterone (2.5, 5.0 and 10 μg/100 g body weight) or 6 h after the treatment of estrogen (17β-estradiol; 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/100 g), hydrocortisone (0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/100 g) and dexamethasone (50, 100 and 150 μg/100 g). Regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex were clearly diminished by the administration of aldosterone or estrogen, while hydrocortisone administration had no effect. The administration of dexamethasone (100 μg/100 g) caused a remarkable increase of regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex. The dexamethasone-induced increase in regucalcin mRNA levels was completely blocked by the simultaneous administration of cycloheximide (150 μg/100 g), although the drug administration had no effect on the mRNA levels in control rats. Meanwhile, the dexamethasone administration did not cause an appreciable alteration of calcium content in the kidney cortex. The present study demonstrates that, of the various steroid hormones used, dexamethasone uniquely has a stimulatory effect on regucalcin mRNA expression in the kidney cortex of rats. The steroid effect may be mediated through a newly synthesized protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen effects in the heart (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 160-161 (1996), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: myocardium ; hypertension ; gene expression ; estrogens ; cardiac hypertrophy ; signal transduction ; genetic program
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gender specific differences in cardiovascular disease are largely mediated by sex hormones. The use of estrogens significantly reduces the overall incidence of heart disease in postmenopausal women. Beneficial effects of estrogens on plasma lipoprotein levels are clearly established. However, these do not explain the magnitude of risk reduction seen in clinical studies. Thus, additional and currently unknown functions of estrogens must be operative. Elucidation of the exact estrogen action in the heart will have important implications in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It will probably enhance the therapeutic repertoire in treating heart disease, the most common cause of death in industrialized countries. We will review the current understanding of the function of estrogens in the heart and discuss potential strategies on how to apply these data to clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240064
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA expression in the kidney cortex is suppressed by saline ingestion in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 162 (1996), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; gene expression ; saline ingestion ; hypertensive rats ; kidney cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) or saline ingestion, which is a hypertensive factor, on the expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex of rats was investigated. The change of regucalcin mRNA levels was analyzed by Northern blotting using rat liver regucalcin complementary DNA (0.9 kb of open-reading frame). Regucalcin mRNA was expressed in the kidney cortex but not the medulla. Rats were adrenalectomized, and 48 h later they were sacrificed. ADX caused a reduction of regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex, suggesting that adrenal glands participate in the regulation of the mRNA expression. This reduction was not restored by the subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone with an effective dose (1 mg/kg body weight), which can stimulate kidney regucalcin mRNA expression. Regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex of rats were markedly suppressed by the ingestion of saline for 7 days. The ADX-induced decrease of renal cortex regucalcin mRNA levels was not appreciably restored by saline ingestion. Moreover, regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were clearly decreased as compared with that of control (Wistar-Kyoto) rats. Meanwhile, calcium content in the kidney cortex was not significantly decreased by ADX or saline ingestion. The present study suggests that the expression of regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex of rats is suppressed by saline administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227541
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calreticulin inhibits glucocorticoid– but not cAMP–sensitive expression of tyrosine aminotransferase gene in cultured McA–RH7777 hepatocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 171 (1997), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: calreticulin ; gene expression ; steroid receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calreticulin is a ubiquitously expressed Ca2+ binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum which inhibits DNA binding and transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors. In this study the effects of calreticulin on tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene expression in cultured McA–RH7777 hepatocytes was investigated. McA–RH7777 cells were stably transfected with calreticulin expression vector to generate cells overexpressing the protein. The transcriptional activity of the TAT gene, which is glucocorticoid–sensitive and cAMP–dependent, was investigated in the mock transfected McA–RH7777 and in cells overexpressing calreticulin (designated McA–11 and McA–17). In the presence of dexamethasone or the cAMP analog (CTP–cAMP) expression of the TAT gene was induced in mock transfected McA–RH7777 cells by approximately 4.5 and 5 fold, respectively. In McA–11 and McA–17 cells, overexpressing calreticulin, glucocorticoi ever, the CTP–cAMP–dependent expression of the TAT gene was not affected. The ability of calreticulin to inhibit glucocorticoid–sensitive TAT gene expression but not the cAMP–dependent expression of the gene suggests that the protein affects specifically the action of transcription pathways involving steroid receptors or transcription factors containing KxFF(K/R)R–like motifs. Calreticulin may play an important role in the regulation of glucocorticoid–sensitive pathway of expression of the hepatocytes specific genes during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006865108833
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dexamethasone induced cardiac hypertrophy in newborn rats is accompanied by changes in myosin heavy chain phenotype and gene transcription (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 209 (2000), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: myosin heavy chain ; gene expression ; hypertrophy ; dexamethasone ; promoter function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cardiac hypertrophy has been observed in newborn infants treated with dexamethasone (DEX). This study was undertaken to examine whether DEX-induced hypertrophy in newborn rats is associated with redistribution of cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and if so, the effects involve transcriptional regulation. Newborn rats were injected with either DEX (1 mg/kg/day; s.c.) or equivalent volume normal saline for 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 days. Hypertrophy was quantified by heart dry/wet wt ratios, heart/body wt ratios, and total protein content of the myocardium. Changes in the expression of cardiac MHC mRNA were characterized by northern blot and slot blot analyses, using isoform specific probes for a- and β-MHC genes. DEX effect on α-MHC gene transcription was analyzed by transiently transfecting various α-MHC promoter/CAT reporter constructs into primary cultures of cardiac myocytes derived from one day old rat pups. DEX administration into newborn rats produced significant cardiac hypertrophy ranging from 23% at day 1 to 59% at 9 days. The hypertrophy was accompanied by immediate increase (83%) in steady state level of the α-MHC mRNA within one day and a maximum increase (148%) at 7 days of treatment. The steady state level of β-MHC mRNA declined by 25% at day 1 and a maximum decrease of 54% at day 7 of DEX treatment. The changes in MHC mRNA were also reflected in their protein levels as determined by V1 and V3 isozyme analysis. DEX treatment of primary cultures of cardiomyocytes following transfection with a-MHC promoter/CAT reporter constructs resulted in increased CAT expression in a dose dependent manner. The minimum α-MHC gene sequences responding to DEX treatment were located between the -200 to -74-bp region of the gene, resulting in 2-fold and 6-fold activation of CAT reporter after 0.05 and 0.1 mM doses of DEX, respectively. Our data indicate that DEX induced cardiac hypertrophy in newborn rats is accompanied by increased expression of α-MHC and decreased expression of β-MHC. The α-MHC effects are mediated in part through transcriptional mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007128300430
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