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  • Springer  (167)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 2000-2004  (58)
  • 1995-1999  (107)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CPS 758 Untersuchung des Mischungsgleichgewichts binärer Polymermischungen (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 557-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polystyrene ; Tetramethyl-bisphenol A-polycarbonate ; blends ; phase diagramm ; DSC ; cloud point ; phase separation kinetics ; electron microscopy ; crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The phase diagram of a binary polymer blend can be derived from the glass temperaturesT g of the demixed phases under the following conditions: 1. The Tg's of the pure components are sufficiently different from one another. 2. TheT g 's of the one-phase homogeneous mixtures can be determined and vary monotonically with composition. 3. The equilibrium state of the mixture is attained after sufficient long annealing at temperatureT. 4. The equilibrium state at the temperatureT can be frozen by quenching. These conditions are examined for mixtures of polystyrene (PS) and tetra methyl-bis-phenol A-polycarbonate (TMPC). The phase separation kinetics is investigated with respect to size and composition of the co-existing phases. The co-existance curves (binodal with lower critical point) are determined for mixtures with various molar masses of the PS component. The problems concerning the cloud point curves are shortly discussed. BetweenT g and the binodal the one-phase mixtures exist in a hindered thermodynamic state, because the crystallization of the TMPC component is a very slow process which requires very long annealing. With increasing amounts of PS in the mixture the crystallization half time of TMPC is lowered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01451519
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging of epoxy resin blended with poly(ether sulfone): Effect of poly(ether sulfone) molecular weight (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 7 (2000), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Poly(ether sulfone) ; Epoxy resin ; Physical aging ; DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The physical aging process of 4-4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) cured diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A (DGEBA) blended with various molecular weights of poly(ether sulfone) (PES; Mn = 28,600, 10,600, and 6,137) was studied by DSC. For DGEBA/DDS system blended with a low MW PES-3 (Mn = 6,137), no phase separation of the polymer blend and only one enthalpic relaxation process due to physical aging was observed. Since the high MW PES-1 (Mn = 28,600) had a Tg close to that of fully cured DGEBA/DDS, the fully cured DGEBA/DDS/PES-1 blend had a broader glass transition than a neat DGEBA/DDS system. However, the DSC results showed two enthalpic relaxation processes due to the physical aging of PES-rich and cured epoxy-rich phases as the material was aged at 155 °C (30 °C below Tg). Since the Tgs of PES-1-rich and epoxy-rich phases overlapped with each other, the enthalpic relaxation processes corresponding to each phase coupled to each other in the earlier stage of physical aging. The medium MW PES-2 (Mn = 10,600) has a much lower Tg than that of fully cured DGEBA/DDS, two well separated Tgs were observed for the cured DGEBA/DDS/PES-2 blend, indicating the cured epoxy was immiscible with PES. Aging the polymer blend at 155 °C (24 °C below Tg1 of the PES-2-rich phase and 53 °C below Tg2 of the epoxy-rich phase) produced two well separated relaxation processes due to PES-2-rich and epoxy-rich phases. The experimental results suggested that aging the polymer blend at a suitable temperature would improve the phase separation between PES-1-rich and epoxy-rich phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0128-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of poly(∈-caprolactone) with cellulose alkyl esters: effect of the alkyl side-chain length and degree of substitu tion on miscibility (1997)
    Springer
    Cellulose 4 (1997), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: cellulose alkyl esters ; poly(∈-caprolactone) ; blends ; miscibility ; DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cellulose alkyl esters, CELL- OCOCnH2n+1(n = 1 ∼ 6), were synthesized by a homogeneous reaction of cotton cellulose with different acyl chlorides in N,N-dimethylacetamide--lithium chloride solution. The miscibility of the esterified celluloses with poly(∈-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated, mainly through thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A polymer pair, cellulose butyrate (CB)/PCL, showed the highest miscibility of all the binary blends examined here; this is usual when relatively high-substituted esters (DS ≥ 2.0) are used as the respective component. The butyl ester derivatives with DS ≤ 1.5 showed poor miscibility with PCL
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018475520600
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cubic topology in surfactant and lipid mixtures (1996)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 24 (1996), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Phase transition ; NMR ; DSC ; X-ray diffraction ; Bonnet Transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ternary systems of palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and the non-ionic surfactant C12EO2 (di-ethylene-oxide-mono-dodecyl-ether) in water have been studied with optical microscopy, NMR, DSC and X-rays from ambient temperatures to 45 °C. Below 29 °C the system is in the lamellar liquid crystalline state. Between 30 and 32 °C it transforms into a cubic Ia3d structure which converts into the cubic Pn3m phase at 39 °C. The transitions are fully reversible. An epitaxial relationship between all three phases was found, which is an elegant and convenient way to rearrange molecules from lamellar bilayers to a network of curved surfaces. The la3d (Q230) to Pn3m (Q224) transition occurs without measurable enthalpy change. This, together with the metric relation of 1.60 between the cubic lattice constants is strong evidence for a Bonnet transformation, where the structural changes occur without change in curvature. The potential significance of the cubic phases as intermediate structures for biological processes, e. g. transport across a bilayer or fusion of membranes, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180370
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mixing behavior of pseudobinary phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol mixtures as a function of pH and chain length (1997)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 26 (1997), S. 447-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Phosphatidylcholine ; Phosphatidylglycerol ; DSC ; Phase diagrams ; Miscibility ; Nonideality parameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The miscibility of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) with different chain lengths (n = 14, 16) was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at pH 2 and pH 7. The determination of the coexistence curves of the phase diagrams was performed using a new procedure, namely the direct simulation of the heat capacity curves as described recently (Johann et al. 1996, Garidel et al. 1997). From the simulations of the heat capacity curves first estimates for the nonideality parameters for nonideal mixing as a function of composition were obtained and phase diagrams were constructed using temperatures for the onset and offset of melting which were corrected for the broadening effect caused by a decrease in cooperativity of the transition. In most cases, the composition dependence of the nonideality parameters indicated nonsymmetric mixing behavior. The phase diagrams were further refined by simulations of the coexisting curves using a four-parameter model to account for nonideal and nonsymmetric mixing in the gel as well as in the liquid-crystalline phase. The mixing behavior of the systems was analyzed as a function of pH and chain length difference to elucidate the effect of these two parameters on the shape of the phase diagrams. At pH 7 the phase boundaries are much closer together and a narrower coexistence range is obtained compared to the corresponding phase diagrams at pH 2. For DPPC/DMPG at pH 2, the shape of the phase diagram and the strongly positive nonideality parameter ρ 1 for the liquid-crystalline phase indicates an upper azeotropic point. This indicates an unusual behavior of the system, namely more pronounced clustering of like molecules in the liquid-crystalline phase compared to the gel phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490050099
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization kinetics of acrylic bone cements by differential scanning calorimetry (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 35-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: bone cement ; DSC ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bone cements are widely used for the fixation of metallic prostheses in orthopaedics and to form replacements for skull defects in neurosurgery. Acrylic bone cements are based on a mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a fine powder of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The polymerization of the bone cement occurs in contact with the bone and the prosthesis which act as the boundaries of a bulk polymerization reactor. The kinetic behaviour of the bone cement plays a fundamental role for the final performance of the implant. In this paper, the isothermal and non-isothermal polymerization behaviour of a commercial bone cement is described. A simple phenomenological model, accounting for the autoacceleration ffect, for a diffusion controlled termination mechanism and for the reaction between inhibitor and initiator, is proposed. The reaction kinetics is analysed by DSC. DSC data are used for the determination of the rates of polymerization under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The experimental data are processed to calculate the parameters of the proposed phenomenological kinetic model. The analytical and numerical details related to the integration of the model are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982684
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing in situ starch gelatinization (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; gelatinization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Data obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis and DSC analysis of durum wheat dough are presented and discussed. Doughs with water contents ranging from 45 to 55% (w/w) were subjected to sinusoidal shearing by means of a dynamic mechanical spectrometer (Rheometrics, RFS2) equipped with parallel plate geometry, 0.1 strain amplitude and 1 rad/min frequency. The tests were carried on in temperature sweep mode at a heating rate of 2°C min−1. Wheat samples with water contents in the range between 7.5 and 37.5% and doughs with 37.5% moisture content were mixed for different times and subjected to DSC analysis (Perkin-Elmer, DSC-7) at a heating rate of 20°C min−1. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the relationship between the dynamic properties of the dough and the temperature was modified as the water content of the dough increased and was quite different from that for gluten. A similar response was observed in the course of temperature scans made by means of DSC. These experimental findings suggest that the water-starch interaction in the presence of a protein matrix is affected by the availability of water and that the protein system is a competitor with respect to starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982698
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erfahrungen mit vier Softwarepaketen für Kinetische Auswertungen in der Thermischen Analyse (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 543-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: compensation effect ; DSC ; kinetics ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Four computer programs as well as one demo-version for non-linear evaluation of kinetic data in thermal analysis and calorimetry, were presented. The multi-task program TA-kin meets all mathematical requirements for solving the numerical assignments. It is shown that the so-called compensation effect is due to the mathematical structure of the Arrhenius equation. Several applications of TA-kin to a lot of DSC- and TG-measurements and isoperibolic batch experiments as well as adiabatic semi batch experiments realized by precision calorimetry have been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983996
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-curing studies of ethynyl terminated oligoimide and (methyl) nadicimide resins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 685-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; polymers ; resins ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the co-curing studies of ethynyl and ethenyl end-capped imide resins. The effect of composition and chemical structure of ethenyl end-capped resins (nadicimides) on thermal behavior of ethynyl end-capped resins was evaluated using DSC and thermogravimetric analysis. An increase in char yield was observed on co-curing of few resin formulations. A mechanism has been proposed to account for this observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01981804
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal transitions of cassava starch at intermediate water contents (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 1213-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cassava starch ; DSC ; starch thermal properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Order-disorder transitions were investigated in native cassava starch at intermediate moisture contents (35 to 60% wt. water), using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic Wide Angle X-ray Diffractometry (WAXS) with a synchrotron radiation source. The gelatinization of granules occurs as a cooperative process, due to constraints induced in crystallites by the amorphous areas. Variations of water content (water volume fraction from 0.28 to 0.86) and heating rate (0.2–10
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01992824
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