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  • Articles  (433)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (433)
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  • Articles  (433)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (433)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 1
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    Genetic future for Florida panthers (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, Phil -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1744; author reply 1744. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6012.1744-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Florida ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Population Density ; Puma/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Texas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The social sense: susceptibility to others' beliefs in human infants and adults (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Human social interactions crucially depend on the ability to represent other agents' beliefs even when these contradict our own beliefs, leading to the potentially complex problem of simultaneously holding two conflicting representations in mind. Here, we show that adults and 7-month-olds automatically encode others' beliefs, and that, surprisingly, others' beliefs have similar effects as the participants' own beliefs. In a visual object detection task, participants' beliefs and the beliefs of an agent (whose beliefs were irrelevant to performing the task) both modulated adults' reaction times and infants' looking times. Moreover, the agent's beliefs influenced participants' behavior even after the agent had left the scene, suggesting that participants computed the agent's beliefs online and sustained them, possibly for future predictions about the agent's behavior. Hence, the mere presence of an agent automatically triggers powerful processes of belief computation that may be part of a "social sense" crucial to human societies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovacs, Agnes Melinda -- Teglas, Erno -- Endress, Ansgar Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1830-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1190792.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1132 Budapest, Hungary. agneskovacs@mtapi.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Reaction Time ; *Social Perception ; *Theory of Mind ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Fatty acids identified in the Burmese python promote beneficial cardiac growth (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Burmese pythons display a marked increase in heart mass after a large meal. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of this physiological heart growth with the goal of applying this knowledge to the mammalian heart. We found that heart growth in pythons is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of cell proliferation and by activation of physiological signal transduction pathways. Despite high levels of circulating lipids, the postprandial python heart does not accumulate triglycerides or fatty acids. Instead, there is robust activation of pathways of fatty acid transport and oxidation combined with increased expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, a cardioprotective enzyme. We also identified a combination of fatty acids in python plasma that promotes physiological heart growth when injected into either pythons or mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riquelme, Cecilia A -- Magida, Jason A -- Harrison, Brooke C -- Wall, Christopher E -- Marr, Thomas G -- Secor, Stephen M -- Leinwand, Leslie A -- 5K01AR055676/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL050560/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K01 AR055676/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):528-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1210558.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biological Transport ; Boidae/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; Cardiomegaly ; Cell Size ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/blood/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/blood/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heart/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*growth & development ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Myristic Acids/blood/pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Palmitic Acid/blood/pharmacology ; Postprandial Period ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Triglycerides/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Demography. China's population growing slowly, changing fast (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):650-1. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6030.650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Birth Rate/trends ; Censuses ; China ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Growth ; Sex Ratio ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data/trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Perceived predation risk reduces the number of offspring songbirds produce per year (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Predator effects on prey demography have traditionally been ascribed solely to direct killing in studies of population ecology and wildlife management. Predators also affect the prey's perception of predation risk, but this has not been thought to meaningfully affect prey demography. We isolated the effects of perceived predation risk in a free-living population of song sparrows by actively eliminating direct predation and used playbacks of predator calls and sounds to manipulate perceived risk. We found that the perception of predation risk alone reduced the number of offspring produced per year by 40%. Our results suggest that the perception of predation risk is itself powerful enough to affect wildlife population dynamics, and should thus be given greater consideration in vertebrate conservation and management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanette, Liana Y -- White, Aija F -- Allen, Marek C -- Clinchy, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1398-401. doi: 10.1126/science.1210908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada. lzanette@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fear ; Female ; Male ; Nesting Behavior ; Oviposition ; Perception ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Risk ; Seasons ; Sparrows/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    9 billion? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6042.540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Parity ; *Population Growth ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Following the crowd: brain substrates of long-term memory conformity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: Human memory is strikingly susceptible to social influences, yet we know little about the underlying mechanisms. We examined how socially induced memory errors are generated in the brain by studying the memory of individuals exposed to recollections of others. Participants exhibited a strong tendency to conform to erroneous recollections of the group, producing both long-lasting and temporary errors, even when their initial memory was strong and accurate. Functional brain imaging revealed that social influence modified the neuronal representation of memory. Specifically, a particular brain signature of enhanced amygdala activity and enhanced amygdala-hippocampus connectivity predicted long-lasting but not temporary memory alterations. Our findings reveal how social manipulation can alter memory and extend the known functions of the amygdala to encompass socially mediated memory distortions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284232/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284232/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edelson, Micah -- Sharot, Tali -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Dudai, Yadin -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):108-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1203557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. micah.edelson@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Recall ; Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: structural evidence in Drosophila (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: The functions of sleep remain elusive, but a strong link exists between sleep need and neuronal plasticity. We tested the hypothesis that plastic processes during wake lead to a net increase in synaptic strength and sleep is necessary for synaptic renormalization. We found that, in three Drosophila neuronal circuits, synapse size or number increases after a few hours of wake and decreases only if flies are allowed to sleep. A richer wake experience resulted in both larger synaptic growth and greater sleep need. Finally, we demonstrate that the gene Fmr1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) plays an important role in sleep-dependent synaptic renormalization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushey, Daniel -- Tononi, Giulio -- Cirelli, Chiara -- DP1 OD000579/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000579-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1576-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1202839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/*genetics/physiology ; *Homeostasis ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/cytology/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Association of TALS developmental disorder with defect in minor splicing component U4atac snRNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: The spliceosome, a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes proteins and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), catalyzes RNA splicing through intron excision and exon ligation to produce mature messenger RNAs, which, in turn serve as templates for protein translation. We identified four point mutations in the U4atac snRNA component of the minor spliceosome in patients with brain and bone malformations and unexplained postnatal death [microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD 1) or Taybi-Linder syndrome (TALS); Mendelian Inheritance in Man ID no. 210710]. Expression of a subgroup of genes, possibly linked to the disease phenotype, and minor intron splicing were affected in cell lines derived from TALS patients. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role of the minor spliceosome component U4atac snRNA in early human development and postnatal survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edery, Patrick -- Marcaillou, Charles -- Sahbatou, Mourad -- Labalme, Audrey -- Chastang, Joelle -- Touraine, Renaud -- Tubacher, Emmanuel -- Senni, Faiza -- Bober, Michael B -- Nampoothiri, Sheela -- Jouk, Pierre-Simon -- Steichen, Elisabeth -- Berland, Siren -- Toutain, Annick -- Wise, Carol A -- Sanlaville, Damien -- Rousseau, Francis -- Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise -- Leutenegger, Anne-Louise -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1202205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle, Bron, F-69677, France. patrick.edery@chu-lyon.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Dwarfism/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Introns ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Male ; Microcephaly/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Osteochondrodysplasias/genetics/metabolism ; Pedigree ; *Point Mutation ; RNA Splice Sites ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Anthropology. The deep social structure of humankind (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapais, Bernard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1203281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. bernard.chapais@umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Pan paniscus ; Pan troglodytes ; *Population Groups ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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