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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 1977-09-01
    Beschreibung: A review is presented of the shortcomings of most existing taper equations which predict diameter along the stem as a function of tree height and diameter at breast height. A new computerized system is developed that has many desirable features for tree profile prediction. This new system consists of two mathematical functions, one describing the upper bole and the other describing the lower bole. The two functions are linked together at the inflection point and are continuous at that point. Tests of this model on 32 species age and locality groupings of British Columbia species show that although there is still a slight bias near ground level, the prediction of diameter inside bark is almost perfect over most of the length of the trees.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-04-01
    Beschreibung: Effects of short-term flooding on stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and water status of sweet gum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) seedlings were studied under controlled environment conditions. Flooding for 9 days induced partial stomatal closure, resulting in significant declines in transpiration and net photosynthesis. The response to flooding was rapid with an average daily stomatal conductance declining from a preflood level of 0.43 cm•s−1 to 0.26 cm•s−1 by 24 h after flooding began (40% reduction). The average preflooding daily net photosynthesis was reduced from 13.7 to 10.2 mg CO2•dm−2•h−1 (25% reduction) during the same period and the average daily stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis for the 9th day of flooding were reduced by 70 and 77%, respectively, compared with preflood levels. The leaf xylem pressure potential measurements, however, indicated that water deficits did not develop as a result of flooding. Partial stomatal reopening 3 days after termination of flooding was noted with an average daily stomatal conductance approaching 63% of the preflood levels and an average daily net photosynthesis reaching 46% of its preflood levels. Maintenance of positive net photosynthesis throughout flooding, and partial stomatal and photosynthetic recovery following drainage may account for the tolerance of sweet gum seedlings to short-term flooding.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 1977-06-01
    Beschreibung: Damage caused by the white-spotted sawyer, Monochamusscutellatus (Say), to felled white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, in northern Alberta was studied to provide data for improving a damage assessment technique. Numbers, density, and size of larval entrance holes, length of larval galleries, and diameter of adult exit holes were examined on three 122-cm-long log sections cut near the butt, middle, and top of each of 30 trees. Information on larval development and survival and adult emergence was also obtained.Size of larval entrance and adult exit holes and gallery length decreased from the butt to top of the tree, numbers of entrance holes were similar at the three stem positions, and density of entrance holes increased from butt to top on both south and north aspects. The density of entrance holes around the logs showed two maxima, while the mean density was approximated slightly above midlevel on south and north aspects. Larval galleries extended to an average maximum depth of 7.5 cm into the wood. About 25% of adults emerged 1 year after oviposition, the rest emerged after 2 years. Mortality of M. scutellatus within the logs averaged 71%. The results are discussed in relation to sampling problems for damage assessment in felled and standing fire-killed trees.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-12-01
    Beschreibung: Previous reconstructions of the late Quaternary biogeographical history of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) have been based upon inferences from the modern geographical distribution of morphological and genetic variation. These studies have led to the widely accepted conclusion that relict populations of the Rocky Mountain subspecies of lodgepole pine (ssp. latifolia Engelm.) persisted in glacial refugia located in northwestern Canada. New fossil pollen evidence of the late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution of lodgepole pine in the western interior of Canada contradicts this view. Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia migrated northward into Canada from refugia located south of the continental glacial limits and did not reach its northern range limits in the southern Yukon until the late Holocene.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-12-01
    Beschreibung: A procedure is presented for estimating the coefficients of allometric models for predicting tree component biomass. The resulting equations force the sum of the component estimates to be equal to the estimate of total biomass. An illustration of the procedure is given using published biomass data and the relationship of this procedure to previously published procedures is discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-10-01
    Beschreibung: The most common method for determining tree profile models is by fitting an analytical function to a set of sample trees. In situations where the forester has relatively little a priori knowledge about the nature of profiles, choosing the analytical form of the parametric model is a critical problem without a satisfactory solution. An alternative is to use a nonparametric approach in which the model of the profile is explicitly specified by a tabulation of diameters at discrete heights. In this paper, it is shown how the model can be determined from the sample trees by means of a classical nonparametric probability density function estimation technique. Field tests and a measure of goodness of fit are used to express how well the models match the actual stem profiles. Using the Moroccan cedar (Cedrusatlantica Manetti) tree as an example, it is shown how the new nonparametric model can be compared with any classical parametric model. The results achieved demonstrate the advantages in using a nonparametric representation of stem profiles, which, moreover, is well suited to computer calculation constraints.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-04-01
    Beschreibung: Seventy-five eastern Cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr.) clones, selected from tests representing the top one-third of clones tested throughout the Lower Mississippi River Valley, were analyzed for alpha cellulose content, specific gravity, and volume after three growing seasons. All traits were found to differ significantly among clones. Mean clonal alpha cellulose content ranged from 48.2 to 55.8% of oven-dry, extractive-free wood with an average of 51.1%. Specific gravity averaged 0.33, with clones ranging from 0.27 to 0.39. Specific gravity was highly inherited, while alpha cellulose content was found to be moderately heritable. Negative genetic correlations between volume and both wood properties indicate that using a selection index to simultaneously improve all three traits is currently not possible. Two other selection methods were discussed. These selections showed substantial gain differentials in volume, but either a small loss or improvement in specific gravity and alpha cellulose content. This indicates that at age 3 years only volume should be considered in a selection program.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-12-01
    Beschreibung: Forest soil respiration insitu was used as a comparative measure of the metabolic activity of substrate in eastern Ontario jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) ecosystems that had been exposed to various burning treatments, including wildfire. The five burning treatments consisted of a 1920 wildfire, experimental understorey burning (nonlethal to the overstorey) of this age-class in 1962 and 1963, a 1964 wildfire, and experimental burning of this age-class in 1977. Seasonal respiration trends were similar on all treatments. Carbon dioxide evolution increased in the spring (4000 mg•m−2•d−1) in response to ambient warming (5000 mg•m−2•d−1 in August) and decreased in late fall as seasonal temperatures declined (4000 mg•m−2•d−1 in November). Precipitation and autumnal litter fall apparently acted as secondary modifiers of this general trend by affecting substrate moisture content and nutrient quality, respectively. Highest metabolic activities were measured on the 1963 understorey burning treatment followed in decreasing order by the 1920 wildfire, the 1964 wildfire, the 1962 experimental understorey burn, and the 1977 burn of the 1964 age-class. Multiple comparisons of overall seasonal respiration means revealed lower rates (P 
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-04-01
    Beschreibung: Productivities of 5 black cottonwood clones from each of 10 source populations (50 clones in total) were compared at one plantation site in western Washington. The source populations are located west of the Cascade Mountains, between central Oregon and southern British Columbia. Most source stands represented populations in major river valleys. Individual clones were selected for superior form and growth rate. Spacing was 1.2 × 1.2 m (6944 stems•ha−1) and trees were harvested after 4 years. Considerable variation in mortality, height, and productivity were found among clones within individual stands and among stands. Southwestern clones were generally more productive. Heights of individual clones averaged between 8.5 and 11.8 m at 4 years. Average dry weight production of black cottonwood clones was 12.5 Mg•ha−1•year−1 and varied between 5.2 and 23.1 Mg•ha−1•year−1 for individual clones. Three new Populustrichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids planted in the trial were generally more productive than black cottonwood or the 'Robusta' hybrid, with average heights varying from 11.5 to 12.2 m and dry weight production ranging from 15.6 to 27.8 Mg•ha−1•year−1 for an average of 23.6 Mg•ha−1•year−1. The high yields in this experiment are attributed to favorable climate (1940 degree-days•year−1)3, cultural treatments (irrigation, N fertilization) and genetic constitution of certain clones. The data promise substantial gains in short-rotation productivity from combining clonal selection with interspecific hybridization.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 1977-03-01
    Beschreibung: Some theory and observations are presented on the factors governing the start and spread of crown fire in conifer forests. Crown fires are classified in three ways according to the degree of dependence of the crown phase of the fire on the ground surface phase. The crown fuel is pictured as a layer of uniform bulk density and height above ground. Simple criteria are presented for the initiation of crown combustion and for the minimum rates of spread and heat transfer into the crown combustion zone at which the crown fire will spread. The theory is partially supported by some observations in four kinds of conifer forest.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Digitale ISSN: 1208-6037
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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