ALBERT

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PART I PARTICLE SIMULATIONS --- INTRODUCTION TO PARTICLE SIMULATION MODELS AND OTHER APPLICATION TO ELECTROSTATIC PLASMA WAVES / Hideo Okuda / pp. 3-41 --- PARTICLE SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ITS APPLICATION TO SPACE PLASMAS / Hiroshi Matsumoto and Yoshiharu Omura / pp. 43-102 --- RELATIVISTIC CODE APPLIED TO RADIATION GENERATION / A. T. Lin / pp. 103-116 --- MODERN DEVELOPMENT IN PARTICLE SIMULATION / J. C. Adam / pp. 117-130 --- PART II MHD SIMULATIONS --- PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN SPACE PLASMAS / Tetsuya Sato / pp. 133-153 --- MHD MODELLING OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE / C. C. Wu / pp. 155-177 --- NUMERICALLY-SIMULATED FORMATION AND PROPAGATION OF INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS / S. T. Wu / pp. 179-201 --- ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT BY KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES / Akira Miura / pp. 203-224 --- PART III OTHER-METHOD SIMULATIONS --- PARTICLE BEHAVIOR IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE / R. A. Wolf and R. W. Spiro / pp. 227-254 --- HYBRID SIMULATION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO THE EARTH'S BOW SHOCK / D. Winske and M. M. Leroy / pp. 255-278 --- VLASOV SIMULATION OF ION ACOUSTIC DOUBLE LAYERS / G. Chanteur / pp. 279-301 --- SIMULATION MODELS FOR SPACE PLASMAS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AS A KEY TO THEIR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS / Christian T. Dum / pp. 303-375

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION Theoretical modelling and the use of mathematical methods are presently gaining in importance since progress in both geology and mathematics offers new possibilities to combine both fields. Most geological problems are inherently geometrical and morphological, and, therefore, amenable to a classification of forms from a "Gestalt point of view". Geometrical objects have to possess an inherent stability in order to preserve their essential quality under slight deformations. Otherwise, we could hardly conceive of them or describe them, and today's observation would not reproduce yesterday's result (DANGELMAYR & GÜTTINGER, 1982). This principle has become known as "structural stability" (THOM, 1975), i.e. the persistence of a phenomenon under all allowed perturbations. Stability is also, of course, an assumption of classical Newtonian physics, which is essentially the theory of various kinds of smooth behavior (POSTON &STEWART, 1978). However, things sometimes "jump". A new species with a different morphology appears suddenly in the paleontological record (EI.DREDGE & GOULD, 1972), a fault develops, a landslide moves, a computer program becomes unstable with a certain data configuration, etc. It is, surprisingly, the topological approach which permits the study of a broad range of such phenomena in a coherent manner (POSTON & STEWART, 1978; LU, 1976; STEWART, 1982). The universal singularities and bifurcation processes derived from the concept of structural stabiIity determine the spontaneous formation of qualitatively similar spatio-temporal structures in systems of various geneses exhibiting critical behavior (DANGELMAYR & GÜTTINGER, 1982; THOM, 1975; POSTON & STEWART, 1978; GÜTTINGER & EIKEMEIER, t979; STEWART, 1981). In addition, this return to a "geometrization of phenomena"-- after decades of algorithmization-- comes much closer to the geologist's intuitive geometric reasoning. It is the aim of this study to elucidate, by examples, how the qualitative geometrical approach allows one to classify forms and to control the behavior of complex computer algorithms...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE It was only during the last few years, that the geological effects of storms and hurricanes in shallow-marine environments have been better appreciated. Not only were storm deposits recognized to dominate many shelf sequences, they also proved to be valuable tools in facies and paleogeographical analysis. Additionally, storm layers form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Storm-generated sequences are now reasonably mell documented in terms of their facies associations in the stratigraphic record. Much less is known, however, about the effects and the depositional processes of modern storms, and about the styles of storm sedimentation on basinwide scales. Accordingly, the goal of this study is two-fold: 1. it presents two case studies of modern carbonate and terrigenous clastics storm sedimentatioq. The models derived from these actualistic examples can be used to interprete possible ancient analogues. 2. it presents a comprehensive analysis of an ancient storm depositional system (Muschelkalk) on a basin-wide scale. The underlying approach of this study is a process-oriented analysis of sedimentary sequences, an approach that ~as summarized by Matthews (1974, 1984) as "dynamic stratigraphy". The integration of actualistic models with a "dynamic" stratigraphic analysis helps to understand the dynamics of storm depositional systems; these models have a potential to be applied to other basins and to predict the facies organisation and the facies evolution in such systems...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Jointly organized by the Singapore Mathematical Society and the Department of Mathematics of the National University of Singapore

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Papers originally presented at the Workshop on Numerical Modelling of Marine Systems, held at the University of Adelaide, Feb. 5-7, 1986

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Mervyn E. Jones and R. M. F. Preston: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.01 --- Part I: Theory and Experimental --- G. Owen: Deformation processes in unconsolidated sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:11-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.02 --- J. P. Gratier: Pressure solution-deposition creep and associated tectonic differentiation in sedimentary rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:25-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.03 --- G. Mandl and R. M. Harkness: Hydrocarbon migration by hydraulic fracturing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:39-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.04 --- C. R. I. Clayton and M. C. Matthews: Deformation, diagenesis and the mechanical behaviour of chalk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:55-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.05 --- R. J. Allison: Non-destructive determination of Young’s modulus and its relationship with compressive strength, porosity and density / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:63-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.06 --- Alex J. Maltman: A laboratory technique for investigating the deformation microstructures of water-rich sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:71-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.07 --- Alex. J. Maltman: Shear zones in argillaceous sediments—an experimental study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.08 --- Part II: Processes --- John R. Underhill and Nigel H. Woodcock: Faulting mechanisms in high-porosity sandstones; New Red Sandstone, Arran, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:91-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.09 --- Jean-Pierre Petit and Edgard Laville: Morphology and microstructures of hydroplastic slickensides in sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:107-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.10 --- Michel Guiraud and Michel Séguret: Soft-sediment microfaulting related to compaction within the fluviodeltaic infill of the Soria strike-slip basin (northern Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:123-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.11 --- Michael Leeder: Sediment deformation structures and the palaeotectonic analysis of sedimentary basins, with a case-study from the Carboniferous of northern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:137-144, NP, 145-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.12 --- Pierre Labaume: Syn-diagenetic deformation of a turbiditic succession related to submarine gravity nappe emplacement, Autapie Nappe, French Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:147-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.13 --- S.A. Schack Pedersen: Comparative studies of gravity tectonics in Quaternary sediments and sedimentary rocks related to fold belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:165-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.14 --- S. G. Farrell and S. Eaton: Slump strain in the Tertiary of Cyprus and the Spanish Pyrenees. Definition of palaeoslopes and models of soft-sediment deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:181-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.15 --- P. M. Clifford, M. C. Rice, L. L. Pryer, and F. Fueten: Mass transfer in unmetamorphosed carbonates and during low-grade metamorphism of arenites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:197-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.16 --- Part III: Descriptive --- K. T. Pickering: Wet-sediment deformation in the Upper Ordovician Point Leamington Formation: an active thrust-imbricate system during sedimentation, Notre Dame Bay, north-central Newfoundland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:213-218,NP,219-232,NP,234-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.17 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski, Roman Gotowała, Ludwik Kasza, and Antonius J. Van Loon: The Kleszczów Graben (central Poland): reconstruction of the deformational history and inventory of the resulting soft-sediment deformational structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:241-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.18 --- K. Brodzikowski, R. Gotowała, A. Hałuszczak, D. Krzyszkowski, and A. J. Van Loon: Soft-sediment deformations from glaciodeltaic, glaciolacustrine and fluviolacustrine sediments in the Kleszczów Graben (central Poland) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:255-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.19 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski, Dariusz Krzyszkowski, and Antonius J. Van Loon: Endogenic processes as a cause of penecontemporaneous soft-sediment deformations in the fluviolacustrine Czyżów Series (Kleszczów Graben, central Poland) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:269-278, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.20 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski and Andrzej Hałuszczak: Flame structures and associated deformations in Quaternary glaciolacustrine and glaciodeltaic deposits: examples from central Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:279-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.21 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski, Andrzej Hałuszczak, Dariusz Krzyszkowski, and Antonius J. Van Loon: Genesis and diagnostic value of large-scale gravity-induced penecontemporaneous deformation horizons in Quaternary sediments of the Kleszczów Graben (central Poland) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:287-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.22 --- Colin A. Davenport and Philip S. Ringrose: Deformation of Scottish Quaternary sediment sequences by strong earthquake motions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:299-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.23 --- J. Alexander: Syn-sedimentary and burial related deformation in the Middle Jurassic non-marine formations of the Yorkshire Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:315-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.24 --- Bill Fitches: Aspects of veining in the Welsh Lower Palaeozoic Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.25

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: D. R. Bowes: Janet Watson—an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.01 --- John Sutton and Janet Watson: The Lewisian complex: questions for the future / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:7-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.02 --- R. G. Park and J. Tarney: The Lewisian complex: a typical Precambrian high-grade terrain? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:13-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.03 --- D. J. Fettes and J. R. Mendum: The evolution of the Lewisian complex in the Outer Hebrides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:27-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.04 --- J. Tarney and B. L. Weaver: Geochemistry of the Scourian complex: petrogenesis and tectonic models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:45-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.05 --- H. R. Rollinson and M. B. Fowler: The magmatic evolution of the Scourian complex at Gruinard Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:57-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.06 --- A. C. Barnicoat: The causes of the high-grade metamorphism of the Scourie complex, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:73-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.07 --- J. D. Sills and H. R. Rollinson: Metamorphic evolution of the mainland Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:81-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.08 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Petrology of Scourian supracrustal rocks and orthogneisses from Stoer, NW Scotland: implications for the geological evolution of the Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:93-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.09 --- N. M. S. Rock, A. E. Davis, D. Hutchison, M. Joseph, and T. K. Smith: The geochemistry of Lewisian marbles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.10 --- M. P. Coward and R. G. Park: The role of mid-crustal shear zones in the Early Proterozoic evolution of the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:127-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.11 --- R. G. Park, A. Crane, and M. Niamatullah: Early Proterozoic structure and kinematic evolution of the southern mainland Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.12 --- J. Wheeler, B. F. Windley, and F. B. Davies: Internal evolution of the major Precambrian shear belt at Torridon, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:153-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.13 --- P. Attfield: The structural history of the Canisp Shear Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:165-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.14 --- S. H. White and J. Glasser: The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone: evidence for normal movements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:175-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.15 --- J. Hall: Physical properties of Lewisian rocks: implications for deep crustal structure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:185-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.16 --- D. K. Smythe: Deep seismic reflection profiling of the Lewisian foreland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:193-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.17 --- J. D. A. Piper: The palaeomagnetic record in the Lewisian terrain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:205-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.18 --- J. Tarney and B. L. Weaver: Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the Scourie dykes: petrogenesis and crystallization processes in dykes intruded at depth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:217-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.19 --- J. S. Myers: The East Greenland Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt compared with the Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:235-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.20 --- J. Korstgård, B. Ryan, and R. Wardle: The boundary between Proterozoic and Archaean crustal blocks in central West Greenland and northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:247-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.21 --- R. P. Hall, D. J. Hughes, and C. R. L. Friend: Mid-Archaean basic magmatism of southern West Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:261-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.22 --- J. S. Myers: High-grade terrains in and around the Yilgarn Block of Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:277-284, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.23 --- S. L. Harley and L. P. Black: The Archaean geological evolution of Enderby Land, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:285-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.24 --- J. D. Sills, K. Wang, Y. Yan, and B. F. Windley: The Archaean high grade gneiss terrain in E Hebei Province, NE China: geological framework and conditions of metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:297-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.25

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Paul Hancock: Appreciation: A. M. Quennell—a prescient tectonician / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:x-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.01 --- Fault Geometry and Associated Processes --- J. A. Jackson: Active normal faulting and crustal extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:3-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.02 --- A. Gibbs: Development of extension and mixed-mode sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:19-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.03 --- N. J. Kusznir and R. G. Park: The extensional strength of the continental lithosphere: its dependence on geothermal gradient, and crustal composition and thickness / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:35-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.04 --- H. David Lynch and Paul Morgan: The tensile strength of the lithosphere and the localization of extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.05 --- C. E. Keen: Some important consequences of lithospheric extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:67-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.06 --- David Barr: Lithospheric stretching, detached normal faulting and footwall uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:75-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.07 --- B. Vendeville, P. R. Cobbold, P. Davy, P. Choukroune, and J. P. Brun: Physical models of extensional tectonics at various scales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:95-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.08 --- K. R. McClay and P. G. Ellis: Analogue models of extensional fault geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:109-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.09 --- P. L. Hancock and T. G. Bevan: Brittle modes of foreland extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:127-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.10 --- M. R. Leeder and R. L. Gawthorpe: Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:139-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.11 --- Extension in the Basin and Range Province and East Pacific Margin --- W. Hamilton: Crustal extension in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.12 --- P. J. Coney: The regional tectonic setting and possible causes of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.13 --- L. J. Sonder, P. C. England, B. P. Wernicke, and R. L. Christiansen: A physical model for Cenozoic extension of western North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:187-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.14 --- Brian P. Wernicke, Philip C. England, Leslie J. Sonder, and Robert L. Christiansen: Tectonomagmatic evolution of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:203-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.15 --- Richard W. Allmendinger, Jack Oliver, Thomas A. Hauge, Ernest C. Hauser, and Christopher J. Potter: Tectonic heredity and the layered lower crust in the Basin and Range Province, western United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:223-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.16 --- George H. Davis: A shear-zone model for the structural evolution of metamorphic core complexes in southeastern Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:247-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.17 --- Jeffrey Lee, Elizabeth L. Miller, and John F. Sutter: Ductile strain and metamorphism in an extensional tectonic setting: a case study from the northern Snake Range, Nevada, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:267-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.18 --- Keith A. Howard and Barbara E. John: Crustal extension along a rooted system of imbricate low-angle faults: Colorado River extensional corridor, California and Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:299-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.19 --- Barbara E. John: Geometry and evolution of a mid-crustal extensional fault system: Chemehuevi Mountains, southeastern California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:313-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.20 --- Ronald L. Bruhn, Pamela R. Gibler, and William T. Parry: Rupture characteristics of normal faults: an example from the Wasatch fault zone, Utah / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:337-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.21 --- Gordon P. Eaton: Topography and origin of the southern Rocky Mountains and Alvarado Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:355-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.22 --- Paul K. Eddington, Robert B. Smith, and C. Renggli: Kinematics of Basin and Range intraplate extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:371-392, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.23 --- K. V. Hodges, J. D. Walker, and B. P. Wernicke: Footwall structural evolution of the Tucki Mountain detachment system, Death Valley region, southeastern California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:393-408, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.24 --- Bob Thompson, Eric Mercier, and Charlie Roots: Extension and its influence on Canadian Cordilleran passive-margin evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:409-417, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.25 --- S. W. Garrett and B. C. Storey: Lithospheric extension on the Antarctic Peninsula during Cenozoic subduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:419-431, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.26 --- I. W. D. Dalziel, A. M. Grunow, B. C. Storey, S. W. Garrett, L. D. B. Herrod, and R. J. Pankhurst: Extensional tectonics and the fragmentation of Gondwanaland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:433-441, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.27 --- Extension in the NW European Continental Shelf --- M. J. Cheadle, S. McGeary, M. R. Warner, and D. H. Matthews: Extensional structures on the western UK continental shelf: a review of evidence from deep seismic profiling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:445-465, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.28 --- Alastair Beach, Tim Bird, and Alan Gibbs: Extensional tectonics and crustal structure: deep seismic reflection data from the northern North Sea Viking graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:467-476, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.29 --- F. Zervos: A compilation and regional interpretation of the northern North Sea gravity map / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:477-493, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.30 --- Stephen E. Laubach and Stephen Marshak: Fault patterns generated during extensional deformation of crystalline basement, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:495-499, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.31 --- S. R. Kirton and K. Hitchen: Timing and style of crustal extension N of the Scottish mainland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:501-510, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.32 --- C. R. Fielding and G. A. L. Johnson: Sedimentary structures associated with extensional fault movement from the Westphalian of NE England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:511-516, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.33 --- Garry D. Karner, Stuart D. Lake, and John F. Dewey: The thermal and mechanical development of the Wessex Basin, southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:517-536, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.34 --- Michel Seranne and Michel Seguret: The Devonian basins of western Norway: tectonics and kinematics of an extending crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:537-548, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.35 --- Extension in the Middle East --- P. Y. Chénet, B. Colletta, J. Letouzey, G. Desforges, E. Ousset, and E. A. Zaghloul: Structures associated with extensional tectonics in the Suez rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:551-558, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.36 --- Vincent Courtillot, Rolando Armijo, and Paul Tapponnier: Kinematics of the Sinai triple junction and a two-phase model of Arabia-Africa rifting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:559-573, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.37 --- A. M. C. Şengör: Cross-faults and differential stretching of hanging walls in regions of low-angle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:575-589, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.38 --- Extension in Thrust Belts --- J. K. Leggett, N. Lundberg, C. J. Bray, D. E. Karig, J. P. Cadet, R. J. Knipe, and R. von Huene: Extensional tectonics in the Honshu fore-arc, Japan: integrated results of DSDP Legs 57, 87 and reprocessed multichannel seismic reflection profiles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:593-609, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.39 --- L. H. Royden and B. C. Burchfiel: Thin-skinned N-S extension within the convergent Himalayan region: gravitational collapse of a Miocene topographic front / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:611-619, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.40

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION In the context of evolutionary studies, it is the privilege of paleontologists to trace the actual course of evolutionary change over time spans that are adequate for such a slow process. At the same time it is their crux that they can not always hope to do this with the resolution necessary to reveal the causal relationships involved. The Tübingen Sonderforschungsbereich 53, "Palökologie", was primarily geared to study the interrelationships between organisms and environments in the fossil record. As is pointed out in this volume, such an approach will necessarily emphasize the static aspect of this relationship, all the more since this is what we need for the practical purposes of facies recognition. This was clone during a time interval of thirteen years at the level of individual species and taxonomic groups ("Konstruktions-Morphologie"), of characteristic facies complexes ("Fossil-Lagerstätten") and of assemblages ("Fossil- VergeseIlschaftungen") with the aim to recognize general patterns that persist in spite of the historical and evolutionary changes in the biosphere. But as our project came closer to its end, the possible causal relationships between physical and evolutionary changes became more tangible. This trend is expressed by symposia devoted to the biological effects of long term tectonic changes (KULLMANN & SCHÖNENBERG, eds., 1983) and of short term physical events (EINSELE & SEILACHER, eds., 1982). But in retrospect it appears that the time scales of the environmental changes chosen were either too large or too small to reveal the mechanisms of evolutionary response. The present volume is the outcome of a symposium of the projects B 20 ("Bankungsrhythmen in sedimentologischer, ökologischer und diagenetischer Sicht", directed by U. BAYER), D 40 ("Analoge Gehäuse-Aberrationen bei Ammonoideen", directed by J. WIEDMANN) and D 60 ("Substratwechsel im marinen Benthos", directed by A. SEILACHER) in September, 1983. tt addresses environmental changes at time scales large enough to produce more than a local ecological response and short enough to observe evolutionary and/or migratory changes at the species and genus levels. It also focusses on basins which by various degrees of isolation provided suitable sites for "evolutionary experiments", such as lakes and marginal epicontinental basins. In a way, this book is a successor of the previous one on "Cyclic and event stratification" (EINSELE & SEILACHER, eds., 1982). Small scale cycles and events are the 'primitives' of a sedimentary sequence, the lowermost scale from which it can be deciphered. However, medium and long term physical cycles commonly impress sedimentological and lithological trends on the stratigraphic column which are accompanied by faunal replacements and cycles. But since sedimentation is controlled both by physical and biological processes, which are intercorrelated in complicated ways, we also need to decode the stratigraphic text. In this effort, paleontological and sedimentological interpretation must go hand in hand. On the 'megascale' of global sea-level changes faunal and species evolution is triggered by opening and closing of migration pathways, sometimes providing us with malor biostratigraphic boundaries. As it turns out, however, integrated research and the choice of suitable scales do not free us from problems of resolution. Thus our inability to distinguish local speciation from ecophenotypic modification and from immigration in the fossil record excludes definite evolutionary answers even in well studied cases. Nevertheless we hope that this approach opens a fruitful discussion, in which stratigraphy, systematic paleontology and paleoecology will be reconciled in a concerted effort to eventually understand the evolutionary mechanisms of our biosphere.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE It is to-day generally recognized by environmental scientists that the particular behaviour of trace metals in the environment is determined by their specific physico-chemical forms rather than by their total concentration. With the introduction, several years ago, of atomic absorption spectrometry at many laboratories involved in environmental studies, a technique for simple, rapid and cheap determination of total metal concentrations in environmental samples became available. As a consequence, there is a plethora of scientific papers and reports where metal concentrations in the environment are only reported as total concentrations. It appears that the simplicity of making accurate determinations of total metal contents in water, sediment and biological samples has somewhat masked the need for improved knowledge about the various forms of metals occurring in the environment as well as the bioavailahility of these forms. In other words, the need for metal speciation in studies of metals in the environment does not seem to have become obvious to most environmental scientists until relatively recently. As a matter of fact, it was only in the middle of the 1970s that the first systematic attempts were made to obtain information about the various metal species occurring in environmental samples. During the last ten years, however, a revolutionary change of attitude towards the importance of metal speciation has occurred and considerable research effort has been devoted by environmental scientists to measuring the concentrations of biologically important trace metals in surface waters. There is currently an increasing effort to couple the development of chemical analytical techniques to process-related biological problems. Concurrently, a new focus is being imposed on ecological impact studies, that of determining which active trace metal species merit the most intensive research from the standpoint of environmental perturbation. Current efforts are directed towards the development of chemical speciation schemes which can be related directly to measures of bioavailability...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE During the last few years, evaporites have increasingly been regarded as sediments and not only as chemical precipitates. Especially the intensive study of the Zechstein facies has resulted in a vast amount of observations and interpretations which are of general significance, offering important information to all sedimentologists interested in carbonates and evaporites. It seems therefore useful to introduce the sedimentological approach in a basin where various chemical concepts have been developed. This is the aim of the present volume, and this approach will be recognized by the reader in most of the chapters. The idea of publishing a collection of papers on the Zechstein facies and related rocks found an enthusiastic response, although later some contributors were, for various reasons, unable to meet the deadline. However, the papers submitted cover all major fields and will certainly stimulate further research...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This volume is the result of lectures delivered at the second meeting on the subject of nonlinear partial differential equations, held at Tohoku University, 27-29 February 1984. The topics presented at the conference range over various fields of mathematical physics

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Papers from an international Conference on Near-rings and Near-fields, held at the Mathematical Institute of the University of Tübingen, Aug. 4-10, 1985

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The problems treated in this volume concern nonlinear partial differential equations occurring in the areas of fluid dynamics, free boundary problems, population dynamics and mathematical physics. Presented are new results and new methods for analysis in bifurcation, singular perturbation, variational methods, stability analysis, rearrangement, energy inequalities, etc

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Based on lectures presented at the IV. Bonn Workshop on Combinatorial Optimazation, August 28-30, 1980

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sponsored by the Institute for System Analysis and Informatics of the Italian National Research Council (IASI-CNR). - A selected collection of papers based on the workshop held at the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences (CISM) in Udine, Italy, in Sept. 1982