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  • 1955-1959  (2,824)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary By comparing the equalities expressing the solar flux within a wide spectral region on the assumption of an extintion within the atmospheric aerosol given by βαλ−α and that of an extintion represented by β1λ−1, a relationship is established by means of which: 1) The error is discussed which is done when the air opacity is expressed by β1, in the case when α≠1; 2) A simple and quick method is worked out for determining the parameters βα and α from actinometric observations, carried out within the spectral regions λ〈525 mμ and 525 mμ〈λ〈625 mμ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 321-321 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 322-328 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 303-314 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La recherche nous fournit des preuves nouvelles pour le fait qu'à peu près deux ans avant les maxima et avant les minima des taches solaires, de même que 1 1/4 à 2 ans après les maxima, les zones subtropicales de haute pression sont renforcées et déplacées vers les pôles, et que le gradient de pression atmosphérique de la zone des hautes pressions déplacées vers la région polaire est plus fort dans l'été de l'Hémisphère Nord. Les intervaux du cycle des taches solaires — dans lesquels la zone subtropicale des hautes pressions est déplacée vers le pôle — sont fixés plus exactement par les quantités des précipitations dans l'Europe Centrale pendant l'été et par la pression atmosphérique moyenne d'été à Edinburgh. La distance du début et de la fin de ces intervaux de l'extrême des taches solaires le plus proche n'est pas exprimée par des ans, mais par des fractions de la distance de l'extrême des taches solaires précédent et de celui qui suit. Ce fait explique également les déviations dans des cycles des taches solaires anomaux. Enfin le diagramme des cernes moyens de dix sapins rouges de l'Europe Centrale pendant une époque de presque 200 ans est présenté. Ce diagramme nous montre nettement que l'on ne peut pas se tier à la thèse, que les cernes des vieilles arbres contiennent la période des taches solaires de onze ans. Au moins cette thèse n'est pas valable pour l'Europe Centrale. De l'autre côté ce diagramme exprime bien la double ou triple variation des précipitations au cours du cycle des taches solaires.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In der Untersuchung werden neue Belege dafür erbracht, daß ungefähr zwei Jahre vor den Maxima und Minima der Sonnenflecken sowie 1 1/4 bis 2 Jahre nach den Maxima die subtropischen Hochdruckgürtel verstärkt und polwärts verschoben sind, und im Sommer der Nordhalbkugel das Luftdruckgefälle von dem verlagerten Hochdruckgürtel neach dem Polargebiet gesteigert ist. Auf Grund der sommerlichen Niederschlagsmengen in Mitteleuropa und des mittleren Sommerluftdrucks in Edinburgh werden die Abschnitte des Sonnenfleckenzyklus, in denen der subtropische Hochdruckgürtel polwärts verschoben ist, genauer festgestellt und der Abstand des Anfangs und Endes dieser Abschnitte vom nächstgelegenen Sonnenfleckenextrem nicht in Jahren, sondern in Bruchteilen des Abstandes des vorausgehenden Fleckenextrems vom nachfolgenden Fleckenextrem angegeben. Dadurch finden die Abweichungen in anomalen Fleckenzyklen eine Erklärung. Schließlich wird eine Kurve der mittleren jährlichen Wachstumsringe von 10 mitteleuropäischen Fichten während eines fast 200-jährigen Zeitraums gezeigt. Aus der Kurve geht mit aller Deutlichkeit die. Unrichtigkeit der Behauptung hervor, daß in den Jahresringen alter Bäume die 11-jährige Sonnenfleckenperiode enthalten sei. Mindestens gilt das nicht für Mitteleuropa. Dagegen kommt die Doppel- oder Dreifachschwankung des Niederschlags innerhalb des Sonnenfleckenzyklus in der Kurve gut zum Ausdruck.
    Notes: Summary The study presents new evidence for the fact that approximately two years prior to the occurrence of maxima and minima of the sunspots, also 1 1/4 to 2 years after the occurrence of maxima, the subtropical high-pressure belts are strengthened and shifted toward the poles, and further that the pressure gradient increases from the high-pressure belt toward the polar region in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere. Based on the summerly amounts of precipitation in Central Europe and average summerly atmospheric pressures in Edinburgh, the intervals of the sunspot cycle, during which the subtropical high-pressure belt is shifted toward the poles, are determined more precisely. The distance of beginning and end of these intervals from the nearest sunspot extreme is expressed in fractions of the distance from the preceding sunspot extreme to the following one, rather than in years. Thus, the departures in anomalous sunspot cycles find their explanation. Finally a chart shows the average annual rings of 10 Central European spruces during a period of almost 200 years. This chart clearly demonstrates the incorrectness of the assertion that the 11-years' sunspot period can be found in annual rings of old trees. This is at least not true in Central Europe. On the other hand the chart expresses well the double or triple variation of precipitations within the sunspot cycle.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 30 (1955), S. 8-12 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Astronomic and geodetic values of all observations made in Italy from 1868 to the present days are used to draw the geoidal ondulations-map in Italy. The geoidal ondulation along a cross section from Como to Otranto (for 1160 km length) is then traced.
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  • 6
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 30 (1955), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper describes a method for the measurement of the curvature and the radius of curvature of a vertical section of an equipotential surface of gravity, if with a precision levelling instrument the angle between two neighbouring perpendiculars is measured. The results of the described method can be verified by independent measurements with the torsion-balance ofEötvös.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß man mit Hilfe des Präzisionsnivellierinstruments, durch Messung des Winkels zwischen zwei benachbarten Niveauflächennormalen, die Krümmung und den Krümmungsradius des Normalschnittes, dessen Ebene beide Niveauflächennormalen enthält, ermitteln kann. Mit Hilfe derEötvös-schen Drehwaage können die Ergebnisse des Verfahrens aufgrund andersartiger Messungen überprüft werden.
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  • 7
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 30 (1955), S. 17-26 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The study of fluid flow in the ground is based upon the physics of flow through porous media. The author has recently proposed a theory (2) of such flow based upon the statistics of disordered phenomena which, however, was applicable to a special type of flow only. In the present paper, the earlier theory is developed into a general theory applicable to any type of microscopic flow equation. It is shown that the qualitative analogy which is observed between the equations of flow through porous media and the equations of flow through capillaries can be logically explained without the assumption of capillaric models. Thus, a theorem is proven stating that the flow through porous media is described by the superposition of two effects: firstly, one corresponding to the average flow through a set of small channels, and secondly, a dispersivity effect. Finally, the results are applied to a variety of flow equations such as laminar flow, turbulent flow, and molecular streaming, all of which may occur in groundwater flow.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 30 (1955), S. 68-85 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The author compares some methods of prospection which are based on the telluric measurements: 1) old method of elliptic representation of the telluric current and constants of conductibility; 2) methods ofKato, Kikuchi, Rikitake, Tikhonov, Cagniard and 3) method proposed by the author in 1952. The theory of «Dreiblätter» developed by the author in 1952 is applied to obtain a simple relation between the telluric values, the magnetic values and the tensor of conductibility. It is shown that in many cases this relation can be a simple algebraic one. The problem of «three» layers is developed with details and the possibility of generatlisation to the case of more than the three layers mentioned.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 30 (1955), S. 106-112 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The registrations of potential gradient and small ion density on 29th and 30th June 1954 at the West coast of South Sweden show extraordinary deviations during and after the solar eclipse. They are discussed in connection with the inhomogeneous conditions at the coast as a consequence of the surf and the jump of the small ion concentration from sea to land.
    Abstract: Résumé Les enregistrements du gradient de potentiel et de la densité des petits ions à la côte ouest de la Suède, le 29 et 30 juin 1954, font voir des déviations frappantes pendant et après l'éclipse de soleil. On les discute en relation aux conditions inhomogènes à la côte, comme suite de la mer qui se brise contre les écueils et au saut de la concentration des petits ions de la mer à la terre.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Registrierungen von Potentialgradient und Kleinionendichte am 29. und 30.6.1954 an der Westküste Südschwedens zeigen auffällige Abweichungen während und nach der Finsternis. Sie werden in Zusammenhang mit den inhomogenen Verhältnissen an der Küste als Folge der Brandung und des Sprungs der Kleinionenkonzentration von See zu Land diskutiert.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 30 (1955), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit behandelt in Einzelheiten das Prinzip des Verfassers für eine komplette elektronische Telepyranometereinrichtung, deren Geber aus einem strahlungsempfindlichen Oszillator, einem Temperaturkompensationsoszillator und einem Sendeteil, dessen Betriebsfrequenz gleich der Zwischenfrequenz der beiden Oszillatoren ist, besteht. Da der Verfasser dieses Telepyranometer besonders für den Gebrauch als Strahlungs-Radionsonde entwicklte, kann der Geber 200 bis 1000 Meilen von der Bodenstation entfernt sein, wobei der Aktionsradius allein durch die Eigenschaften des Sendeteiles und die ionospherischen Ausbreitungsbegungen bestimmt wird. Die Bodenstation für Empfang und eigentliche Ablesung des Pyranometersignales ist ebenfalls beschreiben. Außerdem werden verschiedene Anwendungen dieses neuartigen Prinzips für Kapazitätsbolometer erwähnt im Hinblick auf eingehende Beschreibungen von auf diesem Prinzip basierten anderen Apparaturen zu einer späteren Zeit.
    Notes: Summary The paper deals, in detail, with the writer's principle of a complete electronic tele-pyranometer system whose remote unit comprises a radiation-sensitive oscillator, a temperature-compensating oscillator, and the transmitting section operating on a frequency equal to the intermediate frequency of the two. As the writer developed this pyranometer especially for airborne use as Radiation Radio Sonde, the remote unit may be as far as 200 to 1000 miles from the base station, the maximum distance being solely governed by the capability of the transmitting section and by the ionospheric propagation conditions. Comments are also made on the base station for the reception and actual reading of the pyranometer signal. In addition, various applications for this new capacitance bolometer principle are mentioned in anticipation of detailed descriptions of other apparatus based upon the principle, at a later date.
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