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  • 1933  (160)
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  • 1
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    Berliner Lithogr. Inst., Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5160[1940];KART H 140:Bad Warmbrunn
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum, SUB Göttingen), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:912 ; ddc:554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Warmbrunn ; Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój ; GeoTIFF
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:carthographicMaterial
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  • 2
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    In:  The Journal of Geology, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 449-467, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Inelastic
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  • 3
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    In:  Geologische Rundschau, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 227-239, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Seismology ; Hypocentral depth ; Seismicity
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  • 4
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    In:  Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 97-98, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Seismology ; P-waves ; CRUST
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  • 5
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    In:  Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 152-153, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Inelastic
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  • 6
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    In:  Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 380-389, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: mathematics ; geometry ; Seismology
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  • 7
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    In:  Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 170-171, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: CRUST ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Velocity depth profile
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  • 8
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    In:  Geophysics, Luxembourg, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 5, no. 1-2, pp. 348, pp. B05311, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 9
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    In:  Geophysics, Luxembourg, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 6, no. 1-2, pp. 254, pp. B05311, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 10
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    In:  Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1958, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1940
    Keywords: Seismicity
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  • 11
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    Bornträger
    In:  Berlin, 4 + 117 S., Bornträger, vol. 7, no. XVI:, pp. 385-389, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Publication Date: 1940
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics
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  • 12
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    British Association for the Advancement of Science, Gray Milne Trust
    In:  London, 50 pp., 4th print., 1970, British Association for the Advancement of Science, Gray Milne Trust, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN: 0-387-30752-4)
    Publication Date: 1940
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Travel time ; Seismology ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 13
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    Gustav Fischer
    In:  Professional Paper, Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften Bd. 3, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 3, no. VIIa, pp. 762-774, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 14
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    In:  Ztschr. Forst-, Jagdwesen 72: 246-255
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 16
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    In:  Dtsch. Forstwirt 22:153-157
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 18
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    In:  Sborník Ceskosl. Akad. Zemed., Praha, 15: 350-355
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 19
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    In:  Ztschr. Forst- u. Jagdwes. 72: 3-35
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 20
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    In:  West. Shade Tree Conf. Proc 7: 21-30
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 21
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    In:  Ztschr. angew. Ent. 27: 157-207 u. 408-449
    Publication Date: 1940
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  • 22
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    In:  Fortschritte der Landwirtschaft, 8: 313-316
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: Beschreibung der Häufigkeitsverteilung von Trockenperioden durch Belegung und Gewichtung von niederschlagsfreien Tagen im Mittel von Dekaden KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Betrachtung einzelner Dekaden, Vergleich der Häufigkeitsverteilung der Dürrezahlen, Schlussfolgerungen für die Gefährdung durch Dürre für die Landwirtschaft KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied- (Dez-März), Hervortreten des Winters als Dürrezeit im Raum Wien
    Keywords: Utrecht, Wien ; 1851-1910, 1881-1920 ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Trockenheit
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: brauchbare Anekdote für Zwischenbericht INKA-BB KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
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  • 24
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    In:  Archiv für Schiffs- und Tropenhygiene 44, 1-73
    Publication Date: 1940
    Keywords: Norddeutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 25
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    In:  Virchows Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medizin, v291 n1-2, 237-259
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: statistische Bearbeitung von über 16.000 Berliner Sektionsfällen, Vergleich der täglichen Sterbeziffer mit der Wetterlage KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zunahme der Mortalität an Kaltfront- und Warmfronttagen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Berlin ; 1926-1928 ; Umweltmedizin ; Witterung
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  • 26
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    In:  Landw. Jahrbuch 89:793-808.
    Publication Date: 1940
    Description: Allgemeiner Bericht über Anpassungen der Landwirtschaft an das Klima, wie beispielsweise extensive und intensive Landwirtschaft, Fruchtfolge, Bodenbearbeitung, Frostschadenverhütung und Düngung. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1. Hälfte 20. Jahrhundert ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Verdunstung ; Wassermangel ; Düngung ; Frost ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1940
    Description: Der Autor gibt die wichtigsten Schaderreger an Kulturpflanzen in Schleswig-Holstein an und begründet ihr mittleres Vorkommen mit den klimatischen Gegebenheiten der Region. Des Weiteren werden die Witterungsbedingungen der Jahre 1936-1938 genutzt, um die tatsächliche Häufigkeit des Auftretens der genannten Schaderreger zu erklären. In einem weiteren Abschnitt wird das regional unterschiedliche Auftreten von Schadorganismen mit den regionalen klimatischen Unterschieden in Schleswig-Holstein zu erklären versucht. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1925-1938
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  • 28
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    In:  Vortrag, Schr. Königsberg. gel. Ges., Naturwiss. Kl., 10 H.6) Max Niemeyer, Halle a. S.:16
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: Untersuchungen über den Einfluss klimatischer Wachstumsfaktoren auf den Ertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenschein) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Luftdruck +, dann Erträge +; Delta O2-Gehalt (Luft) = 15 %, dann Ertrag = max; Delta CO2-Gehalt (Luft) = 0.03 %, dann Ertrag = max; Delta Lichtintensität - und Delta CO2-Gehalt +, dann Ertrag +; Delta T Boden, Vegetationszeit) + : Tmit 〉 5 °C, dann Ertrag; Delta Nied +, dann Ertrag +;
    Keywords: Königsberg, Preußen ; 1931-1932 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 29
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    In:  Monographie; Reihe: Arbeit aus der Landesanstalt für Pflanzenschutz Hohenheim; Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart; 140p.
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: Das Auftreten des Maikäfers in Württemberg, sowie seine räumlich differenzierte Ausprägung wird in Abhängigkeit klimatischer und nicht-klimatischer Faktoren betrachtet. Eine detaillierte Karte hierzu ist enthalten. Entwicklungsdauer und Folgenzahl des Maikäfers werden als Funktion der Temperatur graphisch dargestellt; außer den Reinformen des 3- und 4-jährigen Zyklus werden noch Mischformen und ihr temperaturbedingt unterschiedliches Auftreten in Württemberg beleuchtet. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit hängt von der Temp. ab (Bsp.: durch Temp.erhöhung im Warmhaus wurde die Fraßzeit um 4 Monate verlängert und folglich die Verpuppung um 5-6 Monate vorverlegt =〉 die Käfer verließen den Boden schon 1 Jahr früher als durch ihren Entwicklungszyklus normal gewesen wäre KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Württemberg ; 1836-1928 ; Forst ; Pflanzenschädling
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: Korrelation zwischen Junitemperaturen und Hafererträgen Regressionsgleichung (Temperaturzunahme bedingt Ertragsrückgang) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Junitemperatur auf die Haferernte KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Juni) +, dann Erträge --; Änderungen um +1°C, dann Verminderung der Erträge um ~2,1 Zentner; Änderungen um +5°C, dann Verminderung der Erträge um 10 Zentner pro 1 ha
    Keywords: Niederbayern und Oberösterreich ; 1885-1925 ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 31
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    In:  Anzeig. Schädlingskunde 9; p.29-34
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: Der Autor beschreibt Beobachtungen über verschiedene schädigende und nicht schädigende Insekten im Acker- und Obstbau, sowie der Forstwirtschaft und versucht ihre Ursachen im Wetter des Jahres 1932 zu finden. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; 1932 ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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  • 32
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    In:  Anzeig. Schädlingskunde 9; p.109-112
    Publication Date: 1933
    Description: Der Autor diskutiert im Bezug auf einen Artikel von Friederichs in der selben Zeitschrift den Zusammenhang zwischen Wetter bzw. Witterung und dem Auftreten von Insekten insbesondere Blattläusen und vergleicht diese mit eigenen Beobachtungen. Folgende Erkenntnisse erschließen sich aus seinen eigenen Beobachtungen: Im Frühjahr entwickeln sich Pflanzen auch wenn es kühl ist gut, Insekten dagegen weniger, wenn genug Licht zur Verfügung steht. Rolle der Feuchtigkeit (nicht zwangsweise als Niederschlag) wird hervorgehoben. Beständige Witterung ist für die Individuenzahl einer Insektenpopulation förderlich KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Bergedorf ; 1932
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1940
    Keywords: Schlesien
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  • 34
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    Bornträger
    In:  Berlin, Bornträger, vol. 12, 189 S., no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; oceanography
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  • 35
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    University of California Press
    In:  Pacific Science Association, 6th Congress Proceedings, vol. 1, Toronto, University of California Press, vol. 10, no. GL-TR-89-0230, pp. 149-150, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1940
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: An investigation has been conducted on a full-scale model of the proposed XP-46 airplane in the N. A. C. A. full-scale wind tunnel pursuant to the request of the Amy Air Corps, Materiel Division. The primary purpose of the investigation was to determine the optimum arrangement of the various component parts to obtain the maximum high speed and to provide adequate engine cooling. Additional tests included a determination of the stalling characteristics and the effectiveness of ailerons and elevators. The profile drag of the wing was ascertained by the momentum method; the location of the transition point on the wing and the critical compressibility velocities of the various airplane components were determined from surface pressure surveys.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-477
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made in the NACA 7 by 10 foot wind tunnel to find the increase in maximum lift coefficient which could be obtained by providing a model wing with both a Fowler trailing-edge extension flap and a Handley Page type leading-edge slot. A conventional Handley page slot proportioned to operate on the plain wing without a flap gave but a slight increase with the flap; so a special form of slot was developed to work more effectively with the flap. With the best combined arrangement the maximum lift coefficient based on the original area was increased from 3.17, for the Fowler wing, to 3.62. The minimum drag coefficient with both devices retracted was increased in approximately the same proportion. Tests were also made with the special-type slot on the plain wing without the flap. The special slot, used either with or without the Fowler flap, gave definitely higher values of the maximum lift coefficient than the slots of conventional form, with an increase of the same order in the minimum drag coefficient.
    Type: NACA-TN-459
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The use of different forms of wide-flange, thin-wall steel beams is becoming increasingly widespread. Part of the information necessary for a national design of such members is the knowledge of the stress distribution in and the equivalent width of the flanges of such beams. This problem is analyzed in this paper on the basis of the theory of plane stress. As a result, tables and curves are given from which the equivalent width of any given beam can be read directly for use in practical design. An investigation is given of the limitations of this analysis due to the fact that extremely wide and thin flanges tend to curve out of their plane toward the neutral axis. A summary of test data confirms very satisfactorily the analytical results.
    Type: NACA-TN-784
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Load factors and loading conditions are presented for German aircraft. Loading conditions under various stress factors are presented along with a breakdown of individual aircraft components such as landing gear, wings, etc.
    Type: NACA-TM-716
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The transverse momentum of the deflected air stream to be absorbed is divided between the intermediate and outside walls, so that the pressure increase on each wall is much smaller and the danger of separation is diminished. The formation of secondary vortices is also diminished. By taking as the basis profiles with high c(sub a), such as have proved practically favorable, it is not possible to find a satisfactory form of grid simply on the assumption that the flow is potential. The requirements called for the most uniform possible velocity distribution behind the bend and the smallest possible losses.
    Type: NACA-TM-722
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  • 42
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Many experimental arrangements of varying kind involve the problems of assuring a large, steady air stream both as to volume and to time. For this reason a separate discussion of the methods by which this is achieved should prove of particular interest. Motors and blades receive special attention and a review of existent wind tunnels is also provided.
    Type: NACA-TM-726
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The historical development of the rules for structural strength of aircraft in the leading countries is traced from the beginning of flight to date. The term "factor of safety" is critically analyzed; its replacement by probability considerations has been considered desirable.
    Type: NACA-TM-718
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: With the aid of a heating device, the heat transfer to cylinders with conical fins of various forms is determined both for shrouded and exposed cylinders. Simultaneously the pressure drop for overcoming the resistance to the motion of air between the fins of the enclosed cylinder is measured. Thus the relations between the heat transfer and the energy required for cooling are discovered. The investigations show that the heat transfer in a conducted air flow is much greater than in a free current and that further improvement, as compared with free exposure, is possible through narrower spaces between the fins.
    Type: NACA-TM-725
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  • 45
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report describes the development of airplane characteristics since the war and indicates the direction development should take in the immediate future. Some of the major topics include: the behavior of an airplane about its lateral, vertical, and longitudinal axes. Behavior at large angles of attack and landing characteristics are also included.
    Type: NACA-TM-731 , Deutsche Versuchsanstalt fur Luftfahrt ( 1932 : Berlin)
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  • 46
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Proceeding from the fundamental problem on the mutual relation of a wing and free boundaries the distribution of the circulation is determined for an airfoil spanning an open jet of rectangular section at different aspect ratios, and then for an open jet of circular section. The solution is obtained by means of a Fourier series and computations have been performed for different values of the variables. The second part describes the experiments performed for the purpose of proving the theory. The results confirm the theory. In conclusion it defines the induced drag of a wing extending across an open jet and compares it with the drag of a monoplane having a span equal to the jet width at equal total lift.
    Type: NACA-TM-723
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  • 47
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents a method for computing the flight performance of an autogiro at high speed, the velocity component along the blades being accounted for by calculation of the profile drag and the equation for zero torque.
    Type: NACA-TM-729
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The application is treated in sufficient detail to facilitate as much as possible its application by the engineer who is less familiar with the subject. The present work was undertaken with two objects in view. In the first place, it is considered as a contribution to the water analogy of gas flows, and secondly, a large portion is devoted to the general theory of the two-dimensional supersonic flows.
    Type: NACA-TM-934
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In this paper an introduction to shock polar diagrams is given which then leads into an examination of water depths in hydraulic jumps. Energy loss during these jumps is considered along with an extended look at elementary solutions of flow. An experimental test set-up is described and the results presented.
    Type: NACA-TM-935
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The lead-bronze bearings tested in the DVL machine have proven themselves very sensitive to load changes as in comparison with bearings of light metal. In order to prevent surface injuries and consequently running interruptions, the increase of the load has to be made in small steps with sufficient run-in time between steps. The absence of lead in the running surface, impurities in the alloy (especially iron) and surface irregularities (pores) decreases the load-carrying capacity of the bearing to two or three times that of the static load.
    Type: NACA-TM-943
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  • 51
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report deals with systematic experiments carried out on five diaphragm materials with different pretreatment, for the purpose of ascertaining the suitability of such materials for slack diaphragms. The relationship of deflection and load, temperature and moisture, was recorded. Of the explored materials, synthetic leather, balloon cloth, goldbeaters skin, Igelit and Buna, synthetic leather treated with castor oil is the most suitable material for the small pressure range required. Balloon cloth is nearly as good, while goldbeaters skin, Igelit and Buna were found to be below the required standards.
    Type: NACA-TM-964
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method is described for checking a correction formula, based partly on theoretical considerations, for adiabatic compression and friction in flight tests and determining the value of the constant. It is necessary to apply a threefold correction to each thermometer reading. They are a correction for adiabatic compression, friction and for time lag.
    Type: NACA-TM-956
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The different possibilities of orientation of the systems of axes currently employed in flight mechanics are compiled and described. Of the three possible couplings between the wind and aircraft axes, the most suitable coupling is that in which the y axis is made the principal axis of rotation for one of the two coupling angles (angles of attack). In connection with this coupling, an experimental system of axes is introduced, whose axes x(sub e) and z(sub e) are situated in the plane of symmetry of the airplane and rotate about the airplane lateral axis y = y(sub e). This system of axes enables the utilization of the coefficients obtained in the wind tunnel in the flight-mechanic equations by a simple transformation, with the aid of the angle of attack, measured in the plane of symmetry of the airplane.
    Type: NACA-TM-958
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The chordwise distribution theory was taken over from the theory of the infinite wing. Since in this work a series expansion in b/t was used, the computation converges only for large aspect ratios. In this paper a useful approximate solution will be found also for wings with large chord - i.e., small aspect ratio.
    Type: NACA-TM-963
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-E-49
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-L-256
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-L-485
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-L-576
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An accurate determination of the end-gas condition was attempted by applying a refined method of analysis to experimental results. The results are compared with those obtained in Technical Report no. 655. The experimental technique employed afforded excellent control over the engine variables and unusual cyclic reproducibility. This, in conjunction with the new analysis, made possible the determination of the state of the end-gas at any instant to a fair degree of precision. Results showed that for any given maximum pressure the maximum permissible end-gas temperature increased as the fuel-air ratio was increased. The tendency to detonate was slightly reduced by an increase in residual gas content resulting from an increase in exhaust backpressure with inlet pressure constant.
    Type: NACA-TR-699
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A general discussion is given of the relationships between stress, strain, and permanent set. From stress-set curves are derived proof stresses based on five different percentages of permanent set. The influence of prior plastic extension on these values is illustrated and discussed. A discussion is given of the influence of work-hardening, rest interval, and internal stress on the form of the proof stress-extension curve.
    Type: NACA-TR-696
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The influence of automatic operation of the aileron and rudder controls on the lateral stability of an airplane is discussed. The control deflections are assumed to be proportional to the deviations and to the rates of deviation of the airplane from steady-flight conditions. The effects of changes in the types of deviation governing control application are considered. For one simple method of control in which the aileron deflection is proportional to the angle of bank and the rudder deflection is proportional to the angle of yaw, the effect of lag in control application is studied and regions of stability with and without lag are given. For the simple control with lag, curves are included that show the variations in the roots of the stability equation with changes in the amount of control applied. It is concluded that, although the simple control provides a satisfactory means of varying most of the lateral stability characteristics, the stability in azimuth will always be poor for such a control.
    Type: NACA-TR-693
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements of gust structure and gust intensity were made in the lower levels of the atmosphere (0 to 3,500 ft.). An Aeronca C-2 airplane was used as the measuring instrument, the gust structure being derived from the recorded motions of the airplane. Data were also obtained on wind velocities and temperatures as functions of altitude for use in attempting to correlate the gust-structure data with various meteorological quantities. The results indicated little or no correlation between the gust velocity and the gradient distance. The data, however, did indicate that an airplane the size of the Aeronca will respond most frequently to gusts having gradient distance of the order of 30 feet. The maximum true gust velocity measured during the investigation was 25 feet per second.
    Type: NACA-TR-692
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The reported tests are a continuation of an NACA investigation being made in the free-spinning wind tunnel to determine the effects of independent variations in load distribution, wing and tail arrangement, and control disposition on the spin characteristics of airplanes. The standard series of tests was repeated to determine the effect of airplane relative density. Tests were made at values of the relative-density parameter of 6.8, 8.4 (basic), and 12.0; and the results were analyzed. The tested variations in the relative-density parameter may be considered either as variations in the wing loading of an airplane spun at a given altitude, with the radii of gyration kept constant, or as a variation of the altitude at which the spin takes place for a given airplane. The lower values of the relative-density parameter correspond to the lower wing loadings or to the lower altitudes of the spin.
    Type: NACA-TR-691
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of an investigation made in the NACA 7 by 10-foot wind tunnel of a large-chord NACA 23012 airfoil with several arrangements of venetian-blind flaps to determine the aerodynamic section characteristics as affected by the over-all flap chord, the chords of the slats used to form the flap, the slat spacing, the number of slats and the position of the flap with respect to the wing. Complete section data are given in the form of graphs for all the combinations tested.
    Type: NACA-TR-689
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents the results of wind-tunnel tests made on three model wings having different sizes of ordinary ailerons rigged up 10 degrees when neutral, the same models having previously been tested with the ailerons rigged even with the wings in the usual manner. One of the wings had ailerons of medium size, 25 per cent of the wing chord by 40 per cent of the semispan, one had long, narrow ailerons, and one had short, wide ones. These tests are part of a general investigation on lateral control devices, with particular reference to the control at high angles of attack, in which all the devices are being subjected to the same series of tests in the 7 by 10 foot wind tunnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Force tests of the usual type, free-autorotation tests, and forced-rotation tests were made showing the effect of the ailerons on the general performance of the wing, on the lateral controllability, and on the lateral stability.
    Type: NACA-TR-423
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report is the first in a series in which it is intended to compare the relative merits of all ordinary and some special forms of ailerons and other lateral control devices in regard to their effect on lateral controllability, lateral stability, and airplane performance. The comparisons are based on wind-tunnel test data, all the control devices being fitted to model wings having the same span, area, and airfoil section, and being subjected to the same series of force and rotation tests. The results are given for five different aileron movements: one with equal up-and-down deflection, one with average and one with extreme differential motion, one with upward deflection only, and one with the ailerons arranged to float with respect to the wing.
    Type: NACA-TR-419
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  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents a solution of the problem of the theoretical flow of a frictionless incompressible fluid past airfoils of arbitrary forms. The velocity of the 2-dimensional flow is explicitly expressed for any point of the surface, and for any orientation, by an exact expression containing a number of parameters which are functions of the form only and which may be evaluated by convenient graphical methods. The method is particularly simple and convenient for bodies of streamline forms. The results have been applied to typical airfoils and compared with experimental data.
    Type: NACA-TR-411
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents the results of measurements of flow in the boundary layer of a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron" (ZRS-4) made with the object of determining the boundary-layer thickness, the point of transition from laminar to the turbulent flow, and the velocity distribution in the boundary layer.
    Type: NACA-TR-430
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using the method of weighing fuel collected in a receiver during a definite interval of the injection period, rates of discharge were determined, and the effects noted, when various changes were made in a fuel-injection system. The injection system consisted primarily of a by-pass controlled fuel pump and an automatic injection valve. The variables of the system studied were the pump speed, pump-throttle setting, discharge-orifice diameter, injection-valve opening and closing pressures, and injection-tube length and diameter.
    Type: NACA-TR-433
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Aerodynamic force tests were made on a combination of a Clark Y wing and a narrow auxiliary airfoil to find the best location of the auxiliary airfoil with respect to the main wing. The auxiliary was a highly cambered airfoil of medium thickness having a chord 14.5 per cent that of the main wing. It was tested in 141 different positions ahead of, above, and behind the nose portion of the main wing, the range of the test points being extended until the best aerodynamic conditions were covered. A range of positions was found in which the combination of main wing and auxiliary gave substantially greater aerodynamic efficiency and higher maximum lift coefficients (based on total area) than the main Clark Y wing alone. In the optimum position tested, considering both the maximum lift and the speed-range ratio, the combination of main wing and auxiliary gave an increase in the maximum lift coefficient of 32 per cent together with an increase in the ratio of 21 per cent of the respective values for the main Clark Y wing alone.
    Type: NACA-TR-428
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Lift and drag tests were made on a Clark Y wing equipped with four fixed slots and a trailing-edge flap in the 5-foot vertical wind tunnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. All possible combinations of the four slots were tested with the flap neutral and the most promising combinations were tested with the flap down 45 degrees. Considering both the maximum lift coefficient and the speed-range ratio with the flap neutral no appreciable improvement was found with the use of more than the single leading-edge slot. With the flap down 45 degrees a maximum lift coefficient of 2.60 was obtained but the particular slot combination used had a rather large minimum drag coefficient with the flap neutral. With the flap down 45 degrees the optimum combination, considering both the maximum lift coefficient and the speed-range ratio, was obtained with only the two rearmost slots in use. For this arrangement the maximum lift coefficient was 2.44.
    Type: NACA-TR-427
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents a description of the 7 by 10 foot wind tunnel and associated apparatus of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Included also are calibration test results and characteristic test data of both static force tests and autorotation tests made in the tunnel.
    Type: NACA-TR-412
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A critical study was made of the operation of a type of back-fire arrester used to reduce the fire hazard of aircraft engines. A flame arrester consisting of a pack or plug of alternate flat and corrugated plates of thin metal was installed in the intake pipe of a gasoline engines; an auxiliary spark plug inserted in the intake manifold permitted the production of artificial back fires at will. It was found possible to design a plug which prevented all back fires from reaching the carburetor.
    Type: NACA-TR-409
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This investigation was conducted to obtain quantitative information on the effectiveness of three landing gears for the NY-2 (consolidated training) airplane. The investigation consisted of static, drop, and flight tests on landing gears of the oleo-rubber-disk and the mercury rubber-chord types, and flight tests only on a landing gear of the conventional split-axle rubber-cord type. The results show that the oleo gear is the most effective of the three landing gears in minimizing impact forces and in dissipating the energy taken.
    Type: NACA-TR-406
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents general formulas for the determination of all major airplane performance characteristics. A rigorous analysis is used, making no assumption regarding the attitude of the airplane at which maximum rate of climb occurs, but finding the attitude at which the excess thrust horsepower is maximum. Equations and charts are developed which show the variation of performance due to a change in any of the customary design parameters. Performance determination by use of the formulas and charts is rapid and explicit. The results obtained by this performance method have been found to give agreement with flight tests that is, in general, equal or superior to results obtained by present commonly used methods.
    Type: NACA-TR-408
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-AC-183
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-AC-180
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-AC-181
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  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As part of a general investigation by the NACA of factors that affect the spin, the use of the aileron as an aid to recovery from the spin was studied. Tests of 10 different models, covering a wide range of mass distribution, were made in the NACA free-spinning tunnel to determine the effects of a large downward deflection of the outboard aileron and of normal angular deflections of the ailerons upon recovery characteristics. The results indicate that the direction of aileron setting, with or against the spin, which will aid recovery from the spin depends upon the airplane weight distribution. For monoplanes and for biplanes with lower-wing ailerons, ailerons with the spin will be favorable when the weight is distributed chiefly along the fuselage (single-engine airplanes) and ailerons against the spin will be favorable when the weight is distributed chiefly along the wings (multi engine airplanes). Downward movement of the outboard aileron through a large angle will not always be effective in aiding recovery, the effectiveness of such a movement also being dependent upon the weight distribution of the airplane.
    Type: NACA-TN-776
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The ionization in the knock zone of an internal-combustion engine was investigated. A suspected correlation between the intensity of knock and the degree of ionization was verified and an oscillation in the degree of ionization corresponding in frequency to the knock vibrations in the cylinder pressure was observed.
    Type: NACA-TN-774
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-773
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made to determine the effect of mixture strength and of normal as well as optimum spark timing on the combustion, on the cylinder temperature, and on the performance characteristics of an engine. A single-cylinder test unit utilizing an air-cooled cylinder and a carburetor and operating with gasoline having an octane rating of 92 was used. The investigation covered a range of fuel-air ratios from 0.053 to 0.118. Indicator diagrams and engine-performance data were taken for each change in engine conditions. Examination of the indicator shows that for fuel-air ratios less than and greater than 0.082 the rate and the amount of effective fuel burned decreased. For a fuel-air ratio of 0.118 the combustion efficiency was only 58 percent. Advancing the spark timing increased the rate of pressure rise. This effect was more pronounced with leaner mixtures.
    Type: NACA-TN-772
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made of the effect of the wing wake on the lift of the horizontal tail surfaces. In the development of expressions for this effect, the growth of wing circulation and wing wake, the time interval represented by the tail length, and the development of lift by the rail were considered. The theory has been applied to a specific case to show the magnitude of the effect to be expected. It is shown that, for motions below a certain frequency, the development of lift by the tail may be represented by a simple lag function. The lag is, however, somewhat greater than that indicated by the rail length.
    Type: NACA-TN-771
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Equal-flange beams of a special extruded I-section of 27ST aluminum alloy were tested in pure bending. Complete end fixity was not attained. Loading was continued until a definite maximum value had been reached. Tensile tests were made on specimens cut from the flanges and the web of each beam. Compressive stress-strain characteristics were determined by pack compression tests on specimens cut from the flanges. Values computed from an equation previously suggested by one of the authors for the critical stress at which such beams become unstable were found to be in good agreement with values computed from experimentally determined critically bending moments.
    Type: NACA-TN-770
    Format: text
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Comparative full-scale and model spin tests were made with a low-lying monoplane in order to extend the available information as to the utility of the free-spinning wind tunnel as an aid in predicting full-scale spin characteristics. For a given control disposition the model indicated steeper spins than were actually obtained with the airplane, the difference being most pronounced for spins with elevators up. Recovery characteristics for the model, on the whole, agreed with those for the airplane, but a disagreement was noted for the case of recovery with elevators held full up. Free-spinning wind-tunnel tests are a useful aid in estimating spin characteristics of airplanes, but it must be appreciated that model results can give only general indications of full-scale behavior.
    Type: NACA-TN-769
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data are presented to show the effects of inlet-air pressure, inlet-air temperature, and compression ratio on the maximum permissible performance obtained with having a hemispherical-dome combustion chamber. The five aircraft-engine fuels used have octane numbers varying from 90 to 100 plus 2 ml of tetraethyl lead per gallon. The data were obtained on a 5 1/4-inch by 4 3/4-inch liquid-cooled engine operating at 2,500 r.p.m. The compression ratio was varied from 6.0 to 8.9. The inlet-air temperature was varied from 110 to 310 F. For each set of conditions, the inlet-air pressure was increased until audible knock occurred and then reduced 2 inches of mercury before data were recorded. The results for each fuel can be correlated by plotting the calculated end-gas density factor against the calculated end-gas temperature. Measurements of spark-plugs, cutting off the switch to one spark plug lowered the electrode temperature of that plug from a value of 1,365 F to a value of 957 F. The results indicate that the surface temperatures of combustion-chamber areas which become new sources of ignition markedly increase after ignition.
    Type: NACA-TN-768
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-790
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The pack method for determining compressive stress-strain graphs described in NACA Report No. 649 has been modified to extend it's application to thinner gages and stronger materials. The principal modifications consisted in the provision of additional support against instability cementing the specimens of the pack together with fused shellac and the provision of special clamps to hold the specimens together while the test is in progress. The shellac was found to increase the buckling load of the pack without any appreciable effect on the compressive stress-strain graph of the material. The extended pack method described in this note has made possible the application of stresses in excess of 220 kips per square inch to sheet material having a thickness of only 0.02 inch.
    Type: NACA-TN-789
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Wind-tunnel tests were performed to determine the drag of the front-wheel arrangements of several types of tricycle landing gear. One wheel was tested in arrangements to simulate both nonretracted and partially retracted types. The landing gears were tested in conjunction with a fuselage, and the effects of wheel extension and longitudinal location were determined. The drag changed very little with either longitudinal location or wheel extension for the landing gear with the lowest drag; a completely faired landing gear of the wheelspan, single-strut type. The drag of the trouser-type landing gear increased considerably, however, with an increase in the wheel extension. The wheel of the unaired retractable landing gear was at least one-half retracted into the fuselage before the drag became less than that of the best nonretracted landing gear. The drag per unit frontal area of the landing gears of the present tests was about the same as that found for similar landing gears in earlier tests.
    Type: NACA-TN-788
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Studies were made of the air movements in the NACA glass-cylinder apparatus using cylinder heads similar to those on the Wright R-1820-G engine and the Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine as modified by the Eclipse Aviation Corporation to use fuel-injection equipment. The air movements were made visible by mixing small feathers with the air; high-speed motion pictures were than taken of the feathers as they swirled about the inside the glass cylinder. The test engine speeds were 350, 500, and 1,000 r.p.m. Motion pictures were also taken of gasoline sprays injected into the cylinder during the intake stroke. The air flow produced by each cylinder head is described and some results of the velocity measurements of feathers are presented. The apparent time intervals required for vaporization of the gasoline sprays are also given.
    Type: NACA-TN-766
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Six 100-octane and two 87-octane aviation engine fuels were tested in a modified C.F.R. variable-compression engine at 1,500, 2,000 and 2,500 rpm. The mixture temperature was raised from 50 to 300 F in approximately 50 degree steps and, at each temperature, the compression ratio was adjusted to give incipient knock as shown by a cathode ray indicator. The results are presented in tabular form. The results are analyzed on the assumption that the conditions which determine whether a given fuel will knock are the maximum values of density and temperature reached by the burning gases. A maximum permissible density factor, proportional to the maximum density of the burning gases just prior to incipient knock, and the temperature of the burning gases at that time were computed for each of the test conditions. Values of the density factors were plotted against the corresponding end-gas temperatures for the three engine speeds and also against engine speed for several and end-gas temperatures. The maximum permissible density factor varied only slightly with engine speed but decreased rapidly with an increase in the end-gas temperature. The effect of changing the mixture temperature was different for fuels of different types. The results emphasize the desirability of determining the anti knock values of fuels over a wide range of engine and intake-air conditions rather that at a single set of conditions.
    Type: NACA-TN-767
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method that makes use of thermocouples has been developed to measure the temperature of engine pistons operating at high speeds. The thermocouples installed on the moving piston are connected with a potentiometer outside the engine by means of pneumatically operated plungers, which make contact with the piston thermocouples for about 10 crankshaft degrees at the bottom of the piston stroke. The equipment is operated satisfactory at engine speeds of 2,400 r.p.m. and shows promise of successful operation at higher engine speeds. Measurements of piston temperatures in a liquid-cooled compression-ignition engine and in an air-cooled spark-ignition are presented.
    Type: NACA-TN-765
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-787
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-786
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As a preliminary step in an investigation of control-stick vibration in direct-control autogiros, the periodic variations in the moments transmitted through the control system of a YG-1B autogiro were recorded in flight. The results of the measurements are presented in the form of coefficients of Fourier series expressing the varying part of the lateral and the longitudinal moments acting between rotor and fuselage at the control trunnions. The most important component of the variation in stick force was found to have frequency of three times the rotor speed and an amplitude that rose from negligible values at tip-speed ratio below 0.20 to +/-5.2 pounds longitudinally and +/-3.2 pounds laterally at tip-speed ratios of 0.35. Variations in stick force at all other frequencies were small in comparison with those at three times the rotor speed.
    Type: NACA-TN-764
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Aerodynamic force tests of an NACA 23018 airfoil with a Gwinn flap having a chord 25 percent of the overall chord and of an NACA 23015 airfoil with a plain flap having a 25-percent chord were conducted to determine the relative merits of the Gwinn and the plain flaps. The tests indicated that, based on speed-range ratios, the plain flap was more effective than the Gwinn flap. At small flap deflections, the plain flap had lower drag coefficients at lift-coefficient values less than 0.70. For lift coefficients greater than 0.70, however, the Gwinn flap at all downward flap deflections had the lower drag coefficients.
    Type: NACA-TN-763
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was made in the 7-by-10 foot wind tunnel to determine the effects of dorsal-type fins and various arrangements of fins on the aerodynamic characteristics of a streamline circular fuselage. Comparative plots of the aerodynamic characteristics of the fuselage alone and the fuselage with various fin arrangements are given to show their effects on coefficients of yawing moment, drag, and lateral force. Results are also given for one case in which a rear fin on a circular fuselage was faired with modeling clay to obtain a fuselage shape with the same side elevation as the fuselage with the unfaired fin but with an elliptical cross section over the rearward portion of the fuselage. The results indicated that fin area to the rear of the center of gravity of the fuselage was beneficial in reducing the magnitude of the unstable yawing moments at large angles of yaw; whereas, fin area forward of the center of gravity was harmful. The dorsal-type fin was more effective for increasing the yawing stability of the fuselage than was a smoothly faired rearward portion with the same side elevation as the fuselage with the unfaired dorsal type fin. The minimum drag coefficient and the slope of the curve of yawing-moment coefficient of the fuselage at zero yaw were unaffected by the addition of the fins, within the experimental accuracy of the tests.
    Type: NACA-TN-785
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The flow of a compressible fluid past a sphere fixed in a uniform stream is calculated to the third order of approximation by means of the Janzen-Rayleigh method. The velocity and the pressure distribution over the surface of the sphere are computed and the terms involving the fourth power of the Mach number, neglected in Rayleigh's calculation, are shown to be of considerable importance as the local velocity of sound is approached on the sphere. The critical Mach number, that is, the value of the Mach number at which the maximum velocity of the fluid past the sphere is just equal to the local velocity of sound, is calculated for both the second and the third approximation and is found to be, respectively, Mcr=0.587 and Mcr=0.573.
    Type: NACA-TN-762
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pressure-distribution tests of an NACA 0009 airfoil with an 80-percent-chord plain flap and three plain tabs, having chord of 10, 20, and 30 percent of the flap chord, were made. Section data suitable for application to the design of horizontal and vertical tail surfaces were obtained. Resultant-pressure diagrams for the airfoil with the flap and the 20-percent-chord tab are presented. Plots are also given of increments of normal-force and hinge-moment coefficients for the airfoil, the flap, and the three tabs. A comparison of some characteristic slopes for the 30-, the 50-, and the 80-percent-chord flaps, tested in the general investigation of plain flaps for control surfaces, is included. Section aerodynamic and load data have been made available for a wide range of flap and a tab chords to be used on an NACA 0009 airfoil or on other conventional sections.
    Type: NACA-TN-761
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A full-scale investigation has been conducted to determine the effect of various factors on the shimmy of castering wheels. The factors considered were the geometric arrangement, the tire types, the variations of load, the spindle moment of inertia, and the tire inflation. A comparison of the results of the present investigation with those calculated from existing theory was made. The constants needed in the calculations to determine the damping required for a castering wheel were measured. The results indicate that solid friction appears to be impracticable as the sole damping agent for castering nose wheels on large airplanes. Also it was concluded that the existing theory is adequate for calculating the damping required to prevent shimmy. The caster angle and the spindle moment of inertia were found to influence the solid friction required to prevent shimmy. The effect of variations in the type and the pressure of the tire was insignificant.
    Type: NACA-TN-760
    Format: application/pdf
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