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  • Rat  (23)
  • Springer  (23)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (23)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1971  (23)
  • 1932
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (23)
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (23)
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the innervation of the rat and pig adrenal cortex (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Innervation ; Receptors ; Rat ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the adrenal cortex of the rat and the pig is investigated with the electron microscope. Nerve fibers containing synaptic and two types of dense-cored vesicles come into contact with endocrine cells. There are no specialized pre- and postsynaptic membranes. The synaptic cleft is about 200 Å wide. Generally the basement membrane between nerve and cell is absent. These observations are discussed on the base of more recent experimental findings. Small fibers having an average diameter of about 0.2 to 0.5 μ and containing only tubules and filaments are considered to represent parts of an afferent nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332863
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical and chemical studies on pre- and postnatal development of the different systems of “short” and “long” adrenergic neurons in peripheral organs of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 319-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic neurons ; “Short” and “long” systems ; Pre- and postnatal development ; Peripheral organs ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic innervation in the submaxillary gland, heart, kidney, small intestine, and accessory male genital organs and the development of the adrenal chromaffin cells and the sympathetic ganglia were studied in the rat from 15 days post coitum to 16 days post partum using the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp. The postnatal development of the noradrenaline concentrations in the heart and vas deferens was followed by fluorometric determinations. At about 15 days post coitum, the anlagen of the sympathetic chains were well visible in the form of two dorsal segmented columns of small branching sympathicoblasts exhibiting an intense catecholamine fluorescence. In the midline, ventrally to these two anlagen, another column of sympathicoblasts developed; this seemed to give rise to the prevertebral ganglia and to the short adrenergic neurons supplying the internal genital organs. At the level of the adrenal anlagen, small intensely fluorescent chromaffin cells were collected in two bilateral groups which became enclosed by adreno-cortical cells. This enclosure was, however, not complete even at two weeks post partum. Bundles of growing sympathetic nerves were visible in the periphery of the various organs studied at 19–21 days post coitum. A terminal innervation of the organs suggestive of a functional transmitter mechanism did not start to establish until at or immediately after birth. The final pattern of innervation was usually reached at about one week post partum, and the following development proceeded largely in the form of a quantitative increase in the number of nerves participating in the innervation apparatus. The adult level of noradrenaline in the heart and vas deferens was reached three to five weeks after birth. The small intestine was an exception in that the final pattern of innervation in the wall was attained immediately after birth. There was no overt difference in the rate of development of the terminal sympathetic innervation in organs supplied by short adrenergic neurons (accessory male genital organs) compared to the innervation of the submaxillary gland, heart and kidney, which receive classical long adrenergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330631
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the granulosa cells in the domestic fowl and the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 58-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Rat ; Fowl ; Granulosa cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle of the rat and the domestic fowl have been studied with the light and electron microscope. The nuclei of the granulosa cells were irregular with indentations and large in proportion to the cytoplasm of the cell. The mitochondria had a dense, dark matrix with only few cristac. The Golgi apparatus was moderately developed, located towards the oocyte in a juxtanuclear position. The endoplasmic reticulum was rather sparse. Lipid droplets were only occasionally encountered. Microtubules were regularly observed. The functions of the granulosa cells are discussed. Compared with the steroid-producing cells of the theca interna of the same follicles, the granulosa cells primarily are the nursing cells for the growing oocyte and mainly have the characteristics of protein forming cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330538
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory neurones of the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 283-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat ; Synthesis of hormones ; Acid phosphatase ; Osmium impregnation ; Neurosecretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural features of the paraventricular neurones of the non-treated rat are presented comparing them with those of the supraoptic neurones. No striking differences are seen between the general electron microscopic characteristics of the paraventricular and supraoptic neurones. The importance of adequate fixation to obtain good preservation of the neurones is emphasized, since inadequate fixation can cause e.g. artefactual appearance of “dark neurones”. The previously presented classification of the neurosecretory neurones into two categories (e.g. “light and dark neurones”) on the basis of the number of ribosomes is not considered justifiable, since their number can vary to a very great extent even within a single cell. The synthesis of neurosecretory products in the paraventricular neurones obviously follows the general mode of the synthesis of secretory proteins: ribosomes—RER—Golgi complex—secretory vesicles. On the basis of the localization of heavy metal deposits after osmium impregnation and demonstration of acid phosphatase the Golgi complex of the paraventricular neurones is found to be polarized. The direction of the polarity is discussed. The substructures of the dense cores of the neurosecretory granules and of the contents of the lysosomal dense bodies are nearly identical. Therefore it is considered impossible to determine positively the nature of the dark condensed material within the Golgi complex. The characteristics of the immature neurosecretory granules and the possibility of releasing neurosecretory products into the cytoplasm already within the perikarya are speculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935990
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-filament system and interaction of heavy meromyosin (HMM) with thin filaments in smooth muscle (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Two-filament system ; Small intestine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of glycerinated smooth muscle from small intestine of adult rat was investigated by electron microscopy. In the central parts of the tissue blocks a two-filament system was found, consisting of parallel thick and thin filaments with regularly spaced interconnections, closely resembling that of striated muscle. In the peripheral parts of the blocks only thin filaments were found. The thin filaments were identified as actin by the formation of arrowhead complexes after incubation with heavy meromyosin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935994
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of helical polyribosomes in sections of mature skeletal muscle fibers (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 531-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Helical polyribosomes ; Skeletal muscle ; Polysomes ; Levator ani ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization and configurations of ribosomes in mature white skeletal muscle fibers of the rat were investigated. Differential visualization of ribosomes and glycogen granules was obtained by fixation with glutaraldehyde only and staining of the sections with uranyl acetate. Ribosomes are then electron dense and glycogen granules electron transparent. Their identity was ascertained by selective extractions of ribonucleic acid and polysaccharide. The vast majority of the ribosomes is not membrane-bound. They are located intermyofibrillarly (predominantly at the level of the I-bands), beneath the sarcolemma, and in the paranuclear cones of sarcoplasm. Occasionally short stretches of granular reticulum occur, often as characteristic double walled vesicles with ribosomes on the inner membrane only. Three main types of polysomal configurations are observed: rosettes of 4 to 6 ribosomes, helical arrays, and whorls of up to about 25 probably membrane-bound ribosomes. The average number of ribosomes in the extended helical configurations is estimated to be about 60. It is argued that these helices represent the polysomes instrumental in the synthesis of the large subunits of myosin. It is emphasized that helical polyribosomes are by no means typical of striated muscle, but probably represent a common configuration of large free polysomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560158
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Reversibilität von Kernmembranschrumpfungen des Ependyms im Hypothalamus der Ratte, hervorgerufen durch langdauernde Thiobarbiturat-Narkose (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 542-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ependyma ; Thiobarbiturate narcosis ; Cell nucleus shrinkage ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Ependym des Hypothalamus wurde das Verhalten der Zellkern-Membran nach ausgedehnter intraperitonealer Thiobarbiturat-Narkose untersucht. Die Kernmembran ist gefaltet, der Zellkern zeigt Zeichen von Schrumpfung. Diese Veränderung ist reversibel und wird nicht von der mit der Narkose verbundenen Entwässerung verursacht. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen lassen einen normalen Stoffwechsel vermuten, Zeichen von Pyknose fehlen.
    Notes: Summary Effects on the nuclear membrane were investigated in hypothalamic ependymal cells of the rat during prolonged intraperitoneal thiobarbiturate narcosis. The nuclear membrane of the nucleus was folded and the nucleus showed signs of shrinkage. These alterations were reversible and did not depend on the dehydration which developed during the narcosis. Ultrastructural signs and the absence of pyknosis suggested that metabolism during nuclear shrinkage may be normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033379
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations on the postnatal development of the rat prostate (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the rat prostate has been studied with the electron microscope. Major developmental changes begin during the second week after birth and involve organelles associated with the formation of secretions. The amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum and the size of the Golgi complex increase greatly. Large vacuoles that probably contain secretory material are formed, and the lumen of the prostatic acini appears to contain secreted material. Large lysosomes with polymorphic interiors are present as early as 10 days after birth, and they become numerous by the end of the third week. Differences in fine structure between the different lobes of the prostate are detectable in 10–14 day old rats. The subsequent differentiation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum into the forms characteristic of the different prostatic lobes is described. The initial changes in the prostate occur in advance of sexual maturity of the animal, and the adult appearance of the gland is attained by 4–5 weeks after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339413
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the neurosecretory cells of the medial vascular prechiasmatic gland, the preoptic recess and the anterior part of the suprachiasmatic area (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 404-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Rat ; Cytoplasmic bodies resembling nucleoli ; Paranucleolar and coiled bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A distinctive cytoplasmic inclusion, termed nucleolus-resembling body, was identified in the neurons, but not in the glial cells, of the medial vascular prechiasmatic gland, the preoptic recess and the anterior part of the suprachiasmatic area in the rat. This ultrastructure which lacks a limiting membrane is made of an entanglement of tightly packed filaments, 60–70 Å in diameter. Each filament consists of smaller units, 15–20 Å thick. Usually, only one such ultrastructure is present in a cell, but at time two were identified. It is present in most neurosecretory cells. It is surrounded by polyribosomes in the perikaryon of the nerve cells. Furthermore, it is linked to peripherally located ribosomes by means of filaments, 70 Å in diameter. A possible function in protein synthesis of structural components, such as neurofilaments, is hypothesized. Two distinctive fibrillar areas were identified in the nucleolus according to the tightness with which fibrils were packed together. Their significance is discussed. Nucleolar extrusions were never observed in our studies. Paranucleolar and coiled bodies were identified in the nuclear sap. The mechanism of formation and the significance of these bodies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331464
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term trophic effect of ACTH on rat adrenocortical cells (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 30-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex ; ACTH ; Autoradiography ; Stereology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes occurring in rat adrenocortical cells (zona fasciculata) during an 8 day period of treatment with ACTH, were investigated by morphometric and autoradiographic methods. The most important ultrastructural change consists in a conspicuous increase in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, that accounts for about 50% of the total increase of cellular volume. Also the mitochondrial fraction shows a significant increase, which is found to be due both to the increment in the number of mitochondria per cell and to the increase in the mean volume of organelles themselves. The quantitative autoradiographic data, indicating an increment in the incorporation of 3H-orotate and 3H-leucine into adrenocortical cells of the treated animals, allow us to conclude that the ACTH-induced ultrastructural changes are the morphological expression of a stimulation of the cellular protein synthesis. Since mitochondria are largely autonomous in the synthesis of their enzymes and structural proteins, it is possible to hypothesize that ACTH also intervenes in the regulation of the mitochondrial protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330212
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur l'existence de cellules de type ≪corticotrope≫ dans la pars intermedia de l'hypophyse du rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 60-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Pars intermedia ; Corticotrophic cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nos observations démontrent l'existence de deux types de cellules glandulaires dans la pars intermedia de l'hypophyse du rat: des cellules propres, à M.S.H., dont les grains de sécrétion sont détruits par la fixation osmiée et relativement bien conservés par la fixation au glutaraldéhyde; des cellules à petits grains denses, osmio-résistants, qui s'apparentent morphologiquement aux éléments corticotropes de l'antéhypophyse. L'existence bien connue d'A.C.T.H. ou, plus précisément, d'un facteur ≪A.C.T.H.-like≫ dans le lobe neuro-intermédiaire nous fait considérer comme très vraisemblable la nature corticotrope de ce deuxième type cellulaire de la pars intermedia.
    Notes: Summary Two types of glandular cells have been shown to occur in the intermediate lobe of the rat hypophysis: 1) M.S.H. producing cells whose secretory granules are destroyed by osmium fixation and relatively well preserved by glutaraldehyde fixation, 2) cells with small dense osmium resistant granules being morphologically similar to the corticotrophic cells of the anterior lobe. The well known occurrence of A.C.T.H. or, more precisely, of an “A.C.T.H.-like” factor in the neuro-intermediate lobe makes the corticotrophic nature of this second cell type very likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330214
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurofilaments and microtubules in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve section (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 191-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory neurons ; Rat ; Nerve section ; Neurofilaments ; Neurofibrils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sensory neurons were examined in spinal ganglia of the rat 1 to 55 days after section of the plexus brachialis nerves. Only “light” neurons of the type A were investigated. Maximal reaction to axotomy was found 7 to 14 days after the operation. The majority of the axotomized perikarya developed central chromatolysis. In such neurons, Nissl bodies virtually disappeared from the central area of the neuron and formed a more or less continuous zone at the cell circumference. The cytocentrum became filled with large numbers of mitochondria, dense bodies and other organelles. Neurofilaments and microtubules were disarranged and ran at random among the accumulated particles. Microtubules were often more prominent in chromatolytic areas than neurofilaments. Both these organelles were rare in the peripheral areas filled with massed Nissl substance. Part of the neurons that did not show typical chromatolysis contained increased numbers of neurofilaments among Nissl bodies dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Neurofilaments were roughly arrayed in bundles up to several microns wide; they were linked by cross-bridges and separated by distances of about 500 Å. Microtubules were rarely found in the filamentous areas. However, they were numerous in the axon hillock and in the initial segment where they formed fascicles similar to those described in normal neurons of other types. During the period from 14 to 55 days after axotomy, many perikarya recovering from chromatolysis contained enlarged bundles of neurofilaments with occasional microtubules among the restored Nissl bodies. Mean diameters of sensory neurons, measured 7 to 55 days after axotomy, in no instance exceeded those of contralateral control neurons. It thus appears that sensory perikarya do not increase in size either during the chromatolytic process or during the period of recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330737
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Ultrastruktur der Nebennierenrinde der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 136-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex difference ; ACTH ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Nebennierenrinde von 178 Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurde elektronenmikroskopisch von der 1.–12. Lebenswoche unter Normalbedingungen sowie nach s.c. Injektion von 3 IE ACTH/100 g Körpergewicht innerhalb von 2 min — 24 Std untersucht. Ab der 5. Lebenswoche unterscheiden sich die Nebennieren von Weibchen im Bereich der äußeren Zona fasciculata durch Kernvergrößerung, größere Mitochondrien und kleindisperse Liposomen von denen der Männchen. Zyklusbedingte Schwankungen in der Ultrastruktur der weiblichen Nebennierenrinde bestehen nicht. Nach ACTH-Applikation nähert sich das Nebennierenbild des Männchen innerhalb von 30 min dem des unbehandelten Weibchens. Außerdem kommt es bei beiden Geschlechtern durch ACTH zu einer Dispersion und Reduktion der Liposomen, Vergrößerung des Golgiapparates und der Zellkerne, Ausweitung des endoplasmatischen Retikulums und Vermehrung der Mikrovilli. Der Geschlechtsdimorphismus wird funktionell erklärt.
    Notes: Summary 178 Sprague-Dawley-rats were studied by electron microscopy from the 1st to the 12th week of life under normal conditions and after s. c. injection of 3 I. U. ACTH/100 gbodyweight from 2 min to 24 hours. Beginning with the 5th week of life females differ from males by small dispersed liposomes and enlarged nuclei and mitochondria in the outer z. fasciculata. There is no change in the ultrastructure of the female adrenal cortex depending on the sexual cycle. After application of ACTH the adrenal cortex of males assimilates to the untreated females within 30 min. After ACTH-application both sexes show dispersion and reduction of liposomes, dilation of endoplasmatic reticulum, increasement of microvilli and enlargement of the Golgi apparatus. The sex-dimorphism is interpreted by functional differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332862
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wachstumsverhältnisse des Samenblasenepithels bei der heranwachsenden weißen Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 378-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminal vesicles ; Rat ; Epithelium ; Proliferation activity ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 12 männlichen weißen Wistarratten unterschiedlichen Alters wurde autoradiographisch die Proliferation des Samenblasenepithels zur Zeit der Pubertät geprüft. Die Tiere waren 21, 29, 40, 50, 60 und 180 Tage alt und erhielten 1 Std vor der Tötung durch Dekapitation 2,5 μC 3H-Thymidin/g Körpergewicht i. p. appliziert. Ausgewertet wurden Autoradiogramme nach einer Expositionszeit von 18 Tagen; bestimmt wurde der Prozentsatz der markierten Zellkerne (3H-Index). Im Gegensatz zu dem bekannten exponentiellen Abfall des 3H-Indexes bei nicht-hormonabhängigen Leberepithelien jugendlicher Ratten kommt es beim Epithel der Samenblasen um den 40. Lebenstag zu einem erneuten, starken Proliferationsschub. Diese starke Wachstumszunahme ist wahrscheinlich der proliferationskinetische Ausdruck der nach Steinberger (1970) zur gleichen Zeit stattfindenden hormonellen Umschaltung in den Testes. Anschließend geht das Vermehrungswachstum des jugendlichen Tieres, durch das die Zellzahl erhöht wird, in das Erhaltungswachstum über; der 3H-Index des Samenblasenepithels erreicht den Wert des erwachsenen Tieres.
    Notes: Summary In 12 male white rats (Wistar) the proliferative activity of the epithelial cells in the seminal vesicles was studied by autoradiography. The animals were 21, 29, 40, 50, 60 and 180 days old. Each animal was given 2.5 μC/g 3H-thymidine and was killed 1 hour thereafter. We analysed the autoradiograms recording the percentage of labelled nuclei (3H-index). While the 3H-index of the non hormone-dependent epithelial cells in the liver of young rats declines continously with growing age (Stocker et al., 1964), the epithelial cells in the seminal vesicles of 40 days old rats show a remarkable rise in their proliferative activity. It is quite possible that this new peak in the proliferation is the morphological result of a preceeding switch in hormonal production of the testes as reported by Steinberger (1970). Thereafter the growth proliferation of the young rats declines into the steady state of the grown up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431294
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Fettresorption im Dünndarm der Ratte, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Tagesrhythmik (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 334-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fat absorption ; Small intestine ; Rat ; Micropinocytosis ; Circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung will klären, welche Rolle die Mikropinocytose bei der Fettresorption spielt und ob die Fettresorption tagesrhythmische Schwankungen aufweist. Zu diesem Zweck wurde Fett zu verschiedenen Tages- und Nachtzeiten in abgebundene Jejunumabschnitte von Ratten injiziert, das Darmgewebe in verschiedenen Abständen licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht und die Zahl der mikropinocytotischen Invaginationen der Enterocyten bestimmt. Folgende Resultate wurden erzielt: Die Häufigkeit der Mikropinocytose (mikropinocytotische Invaginationen/100 Mikrovilli) beträgt bei Hungertieren 4,78, bei Normaltieren 5,06, 1 min nach Gabe von Mazolachymus 3,55, 1/16 m NaCl-Lösung 4,37, Butterschmalz 5,50, Rindertalg 7,16, Schweineschmalz 7,66 und Mazola 9,25; 2 1/2 min nach Mazolagabe 8,23, nach 5 min 7,67, nach 10 min 6,76. Zwischen 10 und 15 min wird der Ausgangswert erreicht. Aufgrund statistischer Auswertung der Befunde wird geschlossen, daß Fett vor allem in den Frühstadien der Fettresorption durch Mikropinocytose aufgenommen werden könnte. Ferner zeigt sich, daß die Mikropinocytosehäufigkeit entscheidend von der chemischen Zusammensetzung und dem physikalischchemischen Zustand der verabreichten Fette beeinflußt werden dürfte. — Lichtmikroskopisch wurde nachgewiesen, daß die Fettresorption charakteristische, tagesrhythmische Schwankungen aufweist. Um 2.00 Uhr ist sie am stärksten, um 14.00 Uhr am geringsten. Es wird diskutiert, worauf die tagesrhythmischen Unterschiede zurückzuführen sind.
    Notes: Summary The present study attempts to elucidate (a) to what extent micropinocytosis is involved in the process of fat absorption and (b) whether fat absorption shows a circadian rhythm. For this purpose rats were given 0.1 to 0.15 ml of fat directly into the upper jejunum at various times of the day and night. 20 sec to 20 min after administration of fat small pieces of the jejunum were rapidly dissected out, the tissue examined by means of light- and electron microscopy, and the number of micropinocytotic pits occurring in the enterocytes during fat absorption was determined. The following results were obtained: The frequency of micropinocytosis (micropinocytotic pits/100 microvilli) is as follows: in starved rats 4.78, in normal rats 5.06, 1 min after administration of corn oil chyme 3.55, 1/16 m NaCl-solution 4.37, clarified butter 5.50, ox tallow 7.16, lard 7.66, corn oil 9.25; 2 1/2 min after administration of corn oil 8.23, after 5 min 7.67, and after 10 min 6.76. Between 10 and 15 min the number of micropinocytotic pits reverses to normal. From statistical analysis of the results it is concluded that micropinocytosis can play a significant role in the early stages of fat absorption. The experiments show in addition that micropinocytosis is greatly influenced by the chemical composition and the physico-chemical state of the administered fat.—Light microscopic studies indicate that fat absorption varies considerably during the 24 hr period. The highest absorption was found at 2 a.m., the lowest at 2 p.m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431292
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic autoradiography of substantia nigra of rat after intraventricular administration of tritium labelled norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and the precursors (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 137-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Rat ; Incorparation of 3H-Dopamine, 3H-Serotonin and 3H-Norepinephrine ; Axo-dendritic Synapses ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In autoradiographies of substantia nigra in rat, it has been observed that after intraventricular injections of 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine respectively the silvergrains are accumulated in nigra neurons and their dendritic branches. The incorporation was more pronounced in the case of 3H-norepinephrine than 3H-dopamine. This seems to indicate that exogenous norepinephrine may have stronger affinity to nigra neurons and their dendrites than exogenous dopamine. In addition, some 3H-dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine labelled nerve terminals were observed in axo-dendritic synapses. In contrast to these data, 3H-5HTP and 3H-5HT administration showed almost all silver grains accumulated in the neuropil when observed in light microscopic autoradiography. Electron micrographs further reveal that the incorporation of 3H-5HTP and 3H-5HT was mostly within axo-dendritic boutons with more frequent dense core vesicles. These data again strongly suggest that substantia nigra receives a large number of serotoninergic fibres forming axo-dendritic synapses which may play an important role in modulation of substantia nigra function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330222
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  • 17
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    Vergleichende elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an entodermalen Thymus-Retikulumzellen neugeborener und alter Wistar-Ratten (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Rat ; Involution ; Reticulum-Cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Entodermale Thymus-Retikulumzellen neugeborener Wistar-Ratten enthalten häufig helle Vesikel mit enger räumlicher Beziehung zum Golgi-Apparat. Bei 13 Monate alten Ratten fehlen diese Vesikel. 2. Die Tatsache, daß die Häufigkeit heller Vesikel mit fortschreitendem Lebensalter abnimmt, findet ihre Parallele in der von anderer Seite getroffenen Feststellung, daß die Bildung eines humoralen Faktors im Thymus im Laufe der Zeit eingeschränkt wird. 3. Diese Koinzidenz läßt an die Möglichkeit denken, die hellen Vesikel könnten ein morphologisches Äquivalent der Bildung eines Thymuswirkstoffes sein. 4. In entodermalen Thymus-Retikulumzellen 13 Monate alter Ratten finden sich große Vakuolen mit granulärem Inhalt. Ihre Bildung beginnt schon vor der Thymusinvolution. Sie entstehen wahrscheinlich durch Phagozytose oder Aufnahme zelleigenen Materials, das nicht weiter abbaufähig ist. 5. Da diese Einschlüsse mit fortgesetzem Alter an Zahl und Größe zunehmen, scheinen sie als Ausdruck einer Beeinträchtigung der Stoffwechselvorgänge im Zytoplasma ein erstes morphologisch faßbares Symptom der frühzeitigen physiologischen Involution des Thymus zu sein.
    Notes: Summary 1. Entodermal reticulum cells of new born Wistar rats frequently contain clear vesicles with close connection to the Golgifield. These vesicles do not occur in reticulum cells of 13 months old rats. 2. The frequency of these clear vesicles decreases with advancing age obviously in the same way as the production of a humoral thymic factor reported by several investigators. 3. This observation agrees with the hypothesis that the clear vesicles are the morphological equivalent of the production of a humoral thymus factor. 4. Entodermal reticulum cells of 13 months old Wistar rats contain large vacuoles filled with electron dense, granulated materials. The formation of these vacuoles starts already before the beginning of the thymus involution. Possibly they are produced by phagocytosis or necrobiosis and contain deposits of material that cannot undergo further degradation. 5. The increase of these vacuoles in number and size with advancing age may be considered as equivalent of the deterioration of metabolism responsible for early involution of the thymus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334006
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of the paraventricular nuclei in the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 61-69 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat ; Types of neurons ; TRF-synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural aspects of the paraventricular nucleus and its neuropil are described in the normal rat. Two types of neurons can be distinguished morphologically. The first type contains numerous dense-core vesicles (mean diameter: 140 nm). The cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum are arranged parallely at the periphery of the cell body. The second type of neuron contains a few dense-core vesicles (mean diameter: 75 nm) and the endoplasmic reticulum is randomly distributed in the cytoplasm. In the neuropil, two types of dense-core vesicles are observed in separated axons. The histogram of the distribution of their mean diameter clearly indicates a double population of vesicles. The signification of the second type of neuron in the paraventricular nucleus is discussed and its possible relation to TRF synthesis is evoked.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332858
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Der Geschlechtsdimorphismus der Nebennierenrinde der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 119-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Sex difference ; Light microscopy ; Histometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 260 männlichen und weiblichen Sprague-Daweley-Ratten vom 0. Lebenstag bis zur 12. Lebenswoche wird die geschlechtsdifferente Entwicklung der Nebennierenrinde histologisch und histometrisch verfolgt. Von der 4. Lebenswoche an ist die weibliche Fasciculatazelle durch ein helles, fein-granuläres Cytoplasma ohne distinkt abgrenzbare Fettvakuolen ausgezeichnet, während beim Männchen in einem kompakten Cytoplasma zunehmend größere, deutlich begrenzte Vakuolen auftreten. Im Blindversuch gelingt aufgrund dieser Kriterien die Geschlechtsdiagnose mit großer Treffsicherheit. Nach histometrischen Untersuchungen sind die weiblichen Fasciculatakerne größer als die männlichen. Bei größerem Zellvolumen ist die Kernzahl/Flächeneinheit beim Weibchen von der Pubertät an kleiner. Die Glomerulosa und die inneren Rindenschichten zeigen keine Geschlechtsdifferenzen. Fermenthistochemisch ist eine Geschlechtsdifferenz nicht nachweisbar. Die relative Zellhypertrophie in der Fasciculata der weiblichen Nebennierenrinde ist das morphologische Äquivalent eines geschlechtsdifferenten Steroidmetabolismus bei der Ratte.
    Notes: Summary In 260 male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats the sex dependent development of the adrenal cortex was studied histologically and by histometric procedures. Beginning in the 4th week of life the parenchymal cells in the fasciculata of the female animals are characterized by a light, finely granular cytoplasm without distinct lipid vacuoles. In the males, however, the cells show a dense, compact cytoplasm with clearly visible vacuoles increasing in size. In a blind test the sex diagnosis can be established with great accuracy. Histometrically the nuclei in the female fasciculata cells are larger than in the males. Furthermore, caused by a larger cell volume the number of nuclei per square unit is smaller in postpuberal females. The glomerulosa and the inner parts of the cortex do not show any sex differences, nor does enzyme histochemistry. The relative cellular hypertrophy in the fasciculata of the female adrenal cortex represents the morphologic equivalent of the sexual differences in the rats steroid metabolism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332861
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Further ultrastructural data on the cytoplasmic nucleolus resembling bodies or nematosomes. Their relationship with the subsynaptic web and a cytoplasmic filamentous network (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 147-155 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nematosomes ; Subsynaptic web ; Microfilamentous cytoplasmic network ; Neurosecretory cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscope study of the rat supraoptic nucleus, substantia nigra, neostriatum and periventricular preoptic area demonstrates that nematosomes are present within the perikaryon of neurons located in these structures. The latter structure may be found in close association with the subsynaptic web of axosomatic synapses. Numerous micro-filaments fan out from the nematosome and link the latter organelle to the ribosomes, the cytoplasmic membranes and the plasma membrane thus establishing an interwoven filamentous cytoplasmic network. A possible close relationship between the nematosomes and the neurofilaments and neurotubules is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341559
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Arterio-venöse Kurzschlüsse mit Klappenmechanismen im Bereich der dorsalen Haut der Rattenhinterpfote (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Valve mechanism ; Rat ; Skin of the paw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der dorsalen Haut der Hinterpfoten von Ratten wurden Klappen am Abgang kleinerer Gefäße von großen Arterien beobachtet. Diese Arterien verlaufen in einer subkutanen, größere Gefäße und Nerven führenden Bindegewebsschichte über den Streckersehnen. Die kleineren Gefäße haben den Wandbau einer Vene und zweigen etwa im rechten Winkel von der Arterie ab. An ihrer Abgangsstelle ist neben den Klappen manchmal ein sphinkterartiger Muskelring ausgebildet. Diese Gefäßabschnitte werden für arterio-venöse Anastomosen gehalten und auf die Bedeutung solcher an dieser Stelle bisher nicht beschriebenen Verschlußeinrichtungen für die Regulation der Kurzschlüsse wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary In the dorsal skin of the hindpaws of rats valves were observed at those sites where smaller vessels branched from larger arteries. These arteries run in a subcutaneous layer of connective tissue, which lies above the extensor tendons and in which the larger vessels and nerves are found. These smaller vessels, the walls of which resemble those of veins, were seen branching off at approximate right angles to their artery of origin. Besides the valves a sphincterlike muscle ring was observed in some cases at the point of branching. These vascular segments are held to be arteriovenous anastomoses. Such “locking devices” at these points have not been described until now and seem to be important in the regulation of arteriovenous shunts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341567
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Über intraepitheliale nervöse Endformationen in mehrschichtigem Plattenepithel (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve endings ; Epithelium ; Rat ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Anschluß an frühere lichtmikroskopisch erhobene Befunde (Silberimprägnation; 1924, 1928) weist der Verfasser durch elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen nach, daß durch die Interzellularspalten des Epithels (Schnauze der weißen Ratte) Nervenfasern hindurchziehen. Diese Nervenfäserchen, ihre Varikositäten und ihre Endknöpfchen liegen in den Spalten zwischen den Epithelzellen. Die Ultrastruktur der nackten, d.h. von Schwannschen Zellen nicht umhüllten terminalen Nervenfasern und ihrer Endigungen im Epithel wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary In addition to former light microscopical observations the author demonstrates electronmicroscopically that nerve fibers pass through the intercellular spaces of the epithelium. The nerve fibers, their varicosities and terminal bulbs lie within the spaces between the epithelial cells. The ultrastructure of the terminal nerve fibers in the epithelium is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340670
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Die zytochemische Identifikation der Mastzellvorstufen bei der Ratte (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 292-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tissue Mast Cells ; Rat ; Regeneration ; Monocytes ; Peritoneal Exudates ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Regeneration von Gewebsmastzellen wurde durch Untersuchungen von Peritonealexsudat erwachsener Ratten verfolgt, die häufigen Spülungen der Bauchhöhle unterworfen wurden. Innerhalb von 4–6 Tagen kommt es zu einer starken Vermehrung unreifer Gewebszellen. Die Ausbildung von Alcianblau-positiven unreifen Granula in ungranulierten Vorstufen benötigt etwa 6 Std. Die Ausbildung von Safranin-positiven reifen Granula vollzieht sich in 48 Std. Die Ergebnisse der zytochemischen Untersuchungen unreifer Mastzellvorstufen sprechen für eine monozytogene Entstehung der Gewebsmastzellen.
    Notes: Summary In adult rats, the regeneration of tissue mast cells in peritoneal exudates was studied by repeated peritoneal lavages. After 4–6 days, tissue mast cells appeared in great numbers in peritoneal exudates. Alcian blue positive granules were first noted at 6 hrs in agranular mast cell precursors. Maturation with accumulation of safraninpositive granules was complete after 48 hrs. The cytochemical reactions of the earliest tissue mast cell precursors suggest a monocytogenic origin of tissue mast cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340679
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