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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530101
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  • 2
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    The histology of posterior regeneration in the polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatusThe material for this work was collected at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory during August, 1929; the subsequent work was completed in the Zoölogical Department, University of Chicago, Illinois, and the Anatomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California. The author wishes to thank Dr. F. R. Lillie for his assistance. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 23-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After amputation, the wound is closed by the protrusion and lateral expansion of the alimentary canal over the cut muscles and its final fusion with the epidermis laterally after about twenty-four hours. Associated with the expansion is a divergence of the two adjacent halves of the ventral nerve cord in the last remaining segment. As a result, the whole of the new regenerated lobe behind the ring of the cut epidermis is interneural; i.e., it is an enlargement of the normally small area separating the two nerve cords. Undifferentiated cells, or neuroblasts, are normally located interneurally, and during regeneration these neoblasts proliferate throughout the enlarged interneural zone of the papilla and migrate throughout the lobe. At first the neoblastic mesenchyme filling the lobe is loose and homogeneous, but as the cells settle down against the outer wall they replace the old intestinal cells and assume the characters of new epidermis. Internally, the mass acquires paired cavities, while the cells surrounding the cavities differentiate into muscle, peritoneum, etc. Thus one type of cell gives rise to the whole of the regenerated papilla. These cells are also the mother cells of the gametocytes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530103
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  • 3
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    Some cytoplasmic structures in the male reproductive cells of a pseudoscorpion (Chelanops corticis) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 97-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The chondriosomes of the germinal epithelium are vesicular, whereas the Golgi material takes three forms. The aggregation of chondriosomes about the Golgi cap, located on the nucleus, suggests a chemical interchange between these in the growth period. They become cylindrical as the Golgi cap moves from the nucleus and becomes spherical. It is at this time joined by other Golgi material. The entire aggregation is dispersed previous to the maturation divisions, where the inclusions studied are only approximately equally divided, in contrast to conditions in the true scorpion, Centrurus exilicauda. Golgi granules on chondriosomal surfaces in the spermatid again suggest chemical interchange. The later changes of chondriosome vesicles to discs, and back to spheres, may be means of regulating chemical reaction. A close relation between chondriosomes and Golgi material is indicated by various bodies, of Golgi origin, within the former in the spermatid. A thick thread finally originates from among the chondriosomes of the elongated sperm. Spiral threads surrounding the elongating nucleus arise from reunited Golgi material, a derivative of this substance not previously recorded. The acrosome, also of Golgi origin, undergoes several changes in shape and shows several parts. The elongated nucleus, spiral thread of Golgi origin, acrosome, chondriosomal thread, and unusually long axial filament become coiled and encysted in an oval mature sperm capsule. In the female duct the sperm uncoils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Coordination of ciliary movement. II. The effect of temperature upon the ciliary wave lengthThe investigation has been made possible through funds granted by the Chemical Foundation and the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 265-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ciliary wave length is a constant in the temperature range of 10° to 30°C. and in Modiolus demissus has the average value of 13.1 μ. Comparison of these data for ciliary coordination with those of nerve conduction probably indicates that the two physiological processes possess certain properties in common. The cells which bear the cilia are 12.75 μ long and the variation in ciliary wave length and cell length is about the same, which may indicate a possible cytophysiological relationship between the two.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530204
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  • 5
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    Keimbahn determinants and continuity of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 345-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During oogenesis granular mitochondria become concentrated in the proximal portion of the oocyte and remain concentrated in the line of cells that gives rise to the germ cells. Two cells of characteristic structure, appearing at gastrulation one on either side in the mesoderm, contain this mitochondrial cloud. All functional germ cells seem to be lineal descendants of these two primordial germ cells. The cloud disappears during gonad formation, but reappears in oocytes of the next generation. Except during meiosis and fertilization the germ-cell cycle is traceable from fertilized egg to sexual maturity. Details of meiosis and chromosome number were not ascertained.Capacity for producing germ cells in Sphaerium is traceable from a definite region in the egg to primordial germ cells through a localized cloud of mitochondria in the mature ovum and certain cells of cleavage stages. Mitochondria, therefore, serve as a Keimbahn determinant in the sense that they mark a region of oocyte cytoplasm destined for cytoplasm of primordial germ cells. They are not considered causal factors in production of germ cells, but are probably storage products persisting unused in the egg and in cleavage cells having lower metabolic rates. Disappearance of these mitochondria during gonad formation is explained by their dispersal among a number of cells and by their utilization in furnishing energy and material for production of new cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530207
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  • 6
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530301
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  • 7
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    Polyploidy and metaphase patterns (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 443-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A cyst of tetraploid first spermatocyte metaphases is described in the coreid hemipter Archimerus alternatus (Say), all other divisions in the testis being of normal diploid constitution. The striking fact is that in spite of the doubling of their number the chromosomes closely follow the group pattern characteristic of the corresponding normal divisions. In the latter the first metaphase always shows a ring of six autosome bivalents with a single m-chromosome bivalent at its center and a single univalent X-chromosome lying outside the ring (as in coreids generally). In corresponding tetraploids the numbers are respectively 12, 2, and 2. Three additional interesting features of the tetraploids are: 1) the fact that the two m-bivalents are always lined up end to end to form an axial quadrivalent chain; 2) that although two X-chromosomes are present (as in the normal female), they are never united to form a bivalent as in that sex; and, 3) that in the prophases (of which a few are present in the cyst), at least one pycnotic X, or chromosome nucleolus, is present.A critical discussion is offered of the general problem of the mechanism of chromosome movements and groupings, together with a review of recent literature. The conclusion is urged that the chromosomes themselves play an active and important part in these processes, and the possible genetic relations between chromosomes and spindle substance are discussed.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530302
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  • 8
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    Observations on the life history of a fingernail shell of the genus SphaeriumContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratory of the University of Illinois, no. 429. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 473-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By statistical analysis and microscopical examination of a series of monthly quantitative collections, an attempt has been made to interpret the life history and reproductive habits of Sphaerium solidulum, one of the numerous species of the genus Sphaerium.Individuals of the species under observation have a distinctly limited life span of approximately one year. The period of maximum reproduction of this species does not occur in the summer months, as previously believed, but in the winter months. Seasonal growth rings are not present on this shell, although concentric lines are characteristic. No individuals of maximum size were present during the months from August to February. Maximum-size adults are apparently sterile. The analysis of distribution curves of each quantitative sample indicates two size groups in each collection as shown by the bimodal character of each graph. Distribution curves of embryos feature the bimodal character of the young and adult. The conclusions are founded on data secured from twelve monthly collections made from the same habitat totaling 7022 individuals.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530303
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  • 9
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    The embryology of amphioxus (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 69-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although the egg of Amphioxus is much more fluid and less stereotyped than that of Ascidians, the poles, axes, and localizations of formative materials are much the same in the two. The spermatozoon enters near the vegetative pole and a peripheral layer of granular cytoplasm flows to this pole and later forms a crescent around the posterior side parallel to the first cleavage amphiaster; this is the mesodermal crescent. On the anterior side a similar area later gives rise to the chorda-neural crescent. Above these crescents is the ectodermal area, below them the endodermal area. The early cleavages divide these crescents and areas just as in Ascidians. The coeloblastula is at first spherical, but later flattens in the region of the mesodermal crescent; this flattening extends forward on the vegetative side to the chorda-neural crescent, where the invagination is sharpest. The blastopore is at first triangular in outline, the dorsal lip being formed by the chorda-neural crescent and the lateral lips by the mesodermal crescent. Later the chorda and the mesodermal crescents are infolded, the lateral lips fuse to form the ventral lip which grows dorsalward, the blastopore becomes wider from right to left than dorsoventrally, the gastrula elongates and in the angles between dorsal and ventral lips the mesodermal crescent forms the mesodermal grooves in the lateral walls of the gastrocoel.
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  • 10
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    Observations upon the American representative of macrostomum tuba (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: What appears to be a variety of Macrostomum tuba has been described in this paper. There is but a single retinula in each eye. This visual cell displays three regions: rhabdome, ellipsoid, and myoid, as does a vertebrate's retinula. Moreover, the accessory pigment associated with the retinula of M. tuba is applied to the rhabdome and not to the ellipsoid and myoid; this likewise is similar to the distribution of the pigment about the vertebrate's retinula. An analogy, therefore, may be drawn between the visual cell of the rhabdocoele and that of the vertebrate. This is so strong as to suggest homology. Several features peculiar to this variety are: first, the chitinous, distal ring of the penis; second, the fact that shell and yolk droplets seem to be elaborated by each cell destined to become an oocyte.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050540107
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  • 11
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    A comparison between the ultraviolet microscopy and the Feulgen staining of certain cells (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 189-199 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes ultraviolet (λ = 2750 A) photomicrographs of resting and dividing chicken macrophages and fibroblasts and of erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The structures found in these photographs are compared with the ones brought out in fixed material by Feulgen staining and found to be essentially similar in appearance. A preliminary series of ultraviolet pictures is also shown of a single fibroblast passing through several of its stages of division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530107
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  • 12
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    Coordination of ciliary movement. I. Methods of study and the relation of ciliary coordination to ciliary inhibitionThe investigation has been made possible through funds granted by the Chemical Foundation and the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 243-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A simply constructed apparatus, which includes a cinema camera, is described for the recording of ciliary movements. From data for Modiolus demissus obtained by this method, it is concluded that the coordinating impulse is a propagated impulse which regulates the temporal and spatial relationships of ciliary contractility, that this impulse has to a certain degree a determinant effect upon ciliary inhibitory influences so that the area rendered inactive is a multiple of the ciliary wave length, that the coordinating impulse is transmissible through cells bearing quiescent cilia, and that it may act as a stimulus of sufficient strength actually to cause quiescent cilia to become active.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530203
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  • 13
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    Comments on the origin of the midgut in insects (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 433-441 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Reviews the question of the origin of the midgut of insects with its diverse appearances and interpretations. Without doubt the midgut epithelium in some insects is derived from the lower layer, but in other insects from the tips of the stomodaeal and proctodaeal invaginations. The question of its origin seems to be “a function of the position within the whole,” and best understood from a standpoint of the time of determination of the parts involved. Maps illustrating the prospective significances of the principal types are included and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530211
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  • 14
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    Studies on the life cycle of the snail, Viviparus contectoidesContributions from the Zoölogical Laboratory of the University of Illinois, no. 428. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 499-522 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: More than 3700 individuals of Viviparus contectoides from the Illinois River, near Peoria, Illinois, and from the Erie Canal in central New York, have been the subject of statistical and biological analysis as periodic quantitative samples to secure information on the life cycle. Sexes are easily distinguished through tentacular differences. Shells show marked sex dimorphism of size. Males reach a maximum height of 25 mm.; females may exceed 40 mm. Distribution curves, checked by experimental data on another species of the same genus, give evidence that males live normally about one year, while females may live three years. Differences in sex ratio are attributable to differences in life span and to changes in environmental factors producing aggregations of members of one sex.In central New York, the parturition period seems to begin to March and terminates in June. In central Illinois it extends from February into May. The uterus of a gravid female contains eggs, embryos, and shelled young in a graded series. At birth, the young shell contains one and one-half whorls and has a height of approximately 3.8 mm. Color bands are present on the shell three months before birth. Initial growth rate is extremely rapid. In less than three months the largest of the new generation are as large as the smallest of the parent generation. Graphs given show seasonal changes in the population.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530304
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  • 15
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    The development of the prechordal plate and mesoderm of amblystoma punctatum (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 1-67 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the development of the prechordal plate and mesoderm of Amblystoma punctatum from the late yolk-plug stage to the stage of about nineteen somites.In the earliest stage described the prechordal plate is embedded in the roof of the archenteron and flanked on both sides by prechordal mesoderm with which it is fused. The characteristics and limits of the prechordal plate and mesoderm are discussed and the fate of both traced. It is demonstrated that the mesodermal cores of the mandibular arches are probably largely derived from the prechordal mesoderm which flanks the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is later separated out of the roof of the foregut in a caudocephalic direction, giving rise to a median mass of mesoderm which expands laterally independently of the mandibular portions of the prechordal mesoderm to give rise to head mesenchyme lying largely anterior to the level of the hyoid arch. The expansion of this mesoderm is followed in some detail.The boundary between prechordal and notochordal regions is placed at approximately the boundary between the mandibular and hyoid arches.The question of the interpretation of the prechordal region is briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050540102
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  • 16
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    The development of the ovary in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)The author is indebted to the National Research Council for a Fellowship during the year 1929-1930 during which the work herein described was partially completed; also, to the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for facilities for work during the summer of 1930. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 515-543 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each indifferent genital rudiment in the grasshopper embryo is composed of the following: (1) a terminal filament membrane; (2) an epithelial plate of indifferent cells, the dorsal cell mass; (3) the central cell mass containing germ and indifferent cells; (4) the ventral cell strand, and, (5) a delicate, investing membrane, the outer limiting membrane. It is roughly spindle-shaped in transverse section and extends from the first to the eighth abdominal segments.In the sexual differentiation of the genital rudiment the dorsal cell mass is retained as a definite embryonic rudiment in the female, but becomes an indistinguishable part of the central cell mass in the male.Ovarian development is initiated in the dorsal cell mass area, where cell aggregations are formed. Each aggregation is ultimately surrounded by the ingrowing outer limiting membrane to form distinct cellular columns. A latero-ventrad extension of this ingrowing process into the central cell mass continues the column formation process into the latter and results in the formation of a distally tapering structure composed of indifferent cells distad and germ cells and indifferent cells proximad. This structure constitutes the rudimentary ovariole which finally differentiates to form the terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium.The ovarian portion of the oviduct and the tubular connection between the ovariole and oviduct are differentiated from the ventral cell strand.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050550305
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  • 17
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    The mesodermal relations of the pars buccalis of the hypophysis in the duck (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 611-631 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the cellular relations between the prechordal mesoderm and the hypophyseal analage in duck embryos from the first to the eighth day of incubation.At nineteen somites the ectoderm destined to form hypophysis is seen as a plate of cells lying under the mesodermal mass anterior to the notochord. It extends anteriorly in intimate contact with the base of the forebrain, and posteriorly for about the same distance to the oral membrane. Following the lateral growth of the prechordal mesoderm and the rapid overgrowth of the forebrain, Rathke's pouch is definitely outlined. The upward expansion of the pouch, concomitant with the lagging of some of the prechordal mesoderm in the midline, effects a very close relation between these cells and those at the tip of the pouch. With the lateral expansion of the premandibular head cavities, some of the mesoderm adheres to walls of Rathke's pouch in the form of rods or knobs. As development proceeds the inherent growth tendencies of ectoderm and mesoderm express themselves differently and the rods or knobs become constricted off from the pouch, forming in its vicinity vesicles which exhibit a definite lumen.The question of an entodermal contribution to the hypophysis in this form is briefly considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050550309
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  • 18
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    The distribution of chitin in an insect (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 51-58 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By treating the clean skeletal tissue of an insect with concentrated KOH at 160° C., the contained chitin is converted to chitosan, and all pigmentation and admixtures are removed. The per cent distribution of chitin, expressed as chitosan, in the exoskeleton of the cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, ranges from 37.65 in the dorsal abdomen to 18.22 in the hindwings. Other regions contain the following per cents: ventral abdomen, 37.11; metathoracic legs, 35.55; mesothoracic legs, 33.28; prothoracic legs, 32.24; pronotum, 31.55; head, 31.07; genitalia, 29.28; dorsal thorax, 29.07; ventral thorax, 28.33; antennae, 27.77; cerci, 25.65; and forewings, 19.99. Regional variations are constant in different individuals of the same species. The crop and gizzard contain 18.69 per cent; the hindgut, 18.15 per cent. The remainder of the alimentary tract contains no chitin. Traces of chitin are found in the trachea. No chitin is found in the egg-cases of this species. No correlation between chitin content and pigmentation or hardness is shown. Based on results from three trials, using thirty insects, the per cent of chitosan in the clean, dry chitinous material from the entire animal is 29.60; the per cent of chitosan based on the weight of the live animal averages 2.01.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050560104
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    A contribution to the embryology of sciara (diptera)I am greatly indebted to Dr. C. W. Metz for advice and helpful criticism and take this opportunity to express my gratitude to him. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 161-195 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050540105
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  • 20
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    A study of the spermatozoon of the fowl, with particular reference to osmiophilic bodies in the sperm head (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 325-337 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to learn something of the nature of the bead-like bodies which occur in the head of the sperm of the fowl since it was found in a previous study that they are apparently affected in a characteristic manner by vitamin E deficiency.Staining tests indicate that these bodies are composed of fats and fatty acids since they respond to osmic acid and Nile blue sulphate. They are also impregnated with silver nitrate and hence may be associated with the so-called Golgi materials of the cell.The beads first appear as a complete single row but subsequently they undergo fragmentation and redistribution. The whole process is probably a final transitory step in sperm transformation.The presence of this fatty material may signify that the sperm of the fowl, in contrast to that of most other animals, carries a store of food material to support its activity after liberation. The sperm may also be the carrier of a definite amount of vitamin E. Furthermore, the presence of this material may offer an explanation of the high resistance of the testis of the fowl to vitamin E deficiency because, since this vitamin is fat soluble, the testis as a whole would probably receive a disproportionately large share of the vitamin E stores of the individual.
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    A cytological study on the liver of the rat, with special reference to the ‘intracellular blood canaliculi,’ inter- and intracellular bile canaliculi, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 407-421 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In sections from livers injected through the vascular system with Carter's carminegelatin or Berlin-blue gelatin masses at known, constant pressures, many cells were observed to contain ovoid or spherical bodies of the colored injection masses, similar to those described by Schäfer and his students, Herring and Simpson, as intracellular blood canaliculi.' In these livers practically all the cells were vacuolated. However, with livers injected with Berlin-blue gelatin mass dissolved in Locke's solution instead of distilled water, there were no intracellular masses and the cells appeared normal, though the sinusoids were completely filled with injection mass. The so-called ‘intracellular blood canaliculi’ described by Schäfer are interpreted as artefacts produced by a combination of factors, the most important of which is the difference in osmotic pressure. This is produced by the hypotonicity of the injection masses that are usually used, augmented perhaps by the effect of mechanical pressure used in administering the injection mass.Following impregnation of liver tissue by Golgi's rapid method, the usual network of intercellular bile canaliculi was revealed, but the presence of a permanent system of intracellular canaliculi was not observed. A few short, knobbed intracellular projections from the intercellular bile canaliculi were noticed; these probably represent the passage of secretion material into the intercellular bile canaliculi at the moment of excretion.
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    Early development in some sciuridaeContribution no. 234 from the Zoölogical Laboratory of Indiana University. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Zoölogy in the Graduate School of Indiana University. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 477-511 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The early developmental history of Sciuridae (squirrel family), from the ovarian egg to the establishment of the germ layers, was studied in fixed material comprising ova and embryos from six species of five genera. No significant differences were noted in the major processes of development in the six species. Continuous diminution in the size of the ova occurs from the beginning of follicular vesiculation up to the early blastocyst stages. Corpora haemorrhagica are present in most of the recently ruptured follicles of all the species.Cleavage is regular, though adequal, up to the eight-cell stage, the blastomeres clustering into a compact mass. There is desquamation of cellular material from the periphery of the ovum between morula and blastocyst stages. At the same time cells within the blastocyst degenerate to add to the cavity originally formed by confluence of intercellular spaces. The cavity forms among the inner cells, an inner cell mass being left at one pole and an anti-embryonic mass at the other. The anti-embryonic cells produce much of the yolk-sac entoderm and contribute to the implantation mass. The latter mass forms a temporary attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine mucosa in these species. The definitive entoderm arises by migration and delamination of certain of the inner cell mass cells. A transitory notochordal canal, passing in a vertical plane through Hensen's node, is strongly suggested.
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    On the arterial system of the common Indian rat-snake, Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 533-575 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The arterial system of Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) reveals the following interesting features: (1) A prominent diverticulum given off from the inner antero-dorsal edge of the left auricle. (2) Ridge-like continuation of the median hanging valve of the sinus venosus lining the ventral edge of the opening of the right precaval vein. (3) Guarding of the opening of the pulmonary vein by a portion of the inter-auricular septum abutting against it. (4) Presence of two longitudinal trunks on either side of the hepatic portal vein formed by the hepatic branches of the hepato-oesophageal arteries, which, uniting with one another, form a peculiar arrangement looking almost like a looped chain. (5) A complete arterial circuit in the female formed by the combination of the genital, supra-renal, and the anterior-most renal arteries of either side. (6) Chain-like arrangement formed by the alternate bifurcation and union of the posterior-most part of the longitudinal fat-body artery and also by its lateral branches, which unite with it here and there after giving off twigs to the fat bodies. (7) A pair of small arteries (or in some cases only one) called ‘arteria complexa’ which take their origin from the dorsal aorta opposite the openings of the iliac veins into the afferent renals.
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    The developmental anatomy of male genitalia in Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae) orthoptera) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 577-609 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation has been conducted to ascertain the relationship of certain structures in the embryo of the grasshopper known as Melanoplus differentialis with reproductive organs in the adult male.The order of development of these structures was traced through the entire life history.It was determined that they are the rudiments of certain reproductive organs and that the knowledge obtained serves as an aid in more accurately classifying insects.
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    The segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)Much of the work outlined in this paper was completed during the year 1929-1930 while the writer was a National Research Fellow in biology. I am indebted to the National Research Council for this courtesy. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 545-575 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The segregation of the germ cells is related in time and differentiation to the ectoderm (ventral plate), the inner germ-band layer (lower layer) and the mesenteron (entoderm) rudiments. The inner germ-band layer is formed by invagination of cells from a median blastoporic groove and by cellular proliferations among the invaginating cells and from the median line of the ectoderm immediately caudad of the blastoporic groove. The mesenteron material is derived from inner germ-band layer material associated with the internal ends of the stomodaeum and proctodaeum. The germ cells are segregated from the lateral margins of the abdominal lobe ectoderm in the region of the amnion attachment as segmentation of the abdominal lobe is initiated. They ultimately become separated from the ectoderm cells of the lateral wall and from the amnion and migrate in a passive manner onto the coelomic sacs where they become associated with the inner walls of the sacs. When the coelomic sacs unite the germ cells and the splanchnic wall mesoderm cells form two continuous cell strands from the first to the eighth abdominal segments, inclusive. These strands form the indifferent genital rudiments. An endeavor is made to correlate the segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper with that of various other insects.
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The homologies of the flexor and adductor muscles of the thigh (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 21-49 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The literature relating to the flexor and adductor muscles of the thigh and their nerve supplies, in Sphenodon, the lizards, crocodiles and mammals was correlated and new dissections made of animals belonging to the last three groups. All of these muscles can be traced as individual entities from animal to animal without loss or addition to their number, although splitting may occur. The attachments of the muscles and their relationships to one another and to the two heads of the gastrocnemius are the same in all the reptiles studied. In the mammals one group, including the adductor longus and magnus and the retractor femoralis, has migrated from the tibia between the two heads of the gastrocnemius onto the femur, and another from the ilium onto the vertebrae, the one migration being caused by expansion of the gastrocnemius, and the other by expansion of the gluteal muscles. A new lateral flexor mass has been formed from part of the reptilian ilio tibialis by migration down the fibula. The nerve supplies of the various muscles are not constant when traced from group to group, and it is suggested that a muscle receives its nerve supply from the nerve nearest to it in embryonic development, so that when a muscle has migrated the nerve supply is no longer a reliable guide to its homology.
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    The activity of the coelomic (germinal) epithelium of the male musk turtle, Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille)The material used in this study was collected and prepared in part at the Zoölogical Laboratories of the University of Michigan. The remainder of the material was prepared and the study was completed at the Zoölogy Department of the State University of Iowa. Acknowledgments for financial assistance are due to the administrators of the Faculty Research Fund of the University of Michigan and to the National Research Council Committee for Research in Problems of Sex as administered by Prof. E. Witschi. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 59-99 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histological studies of testes of both immature and mature individuals show that the peritoneal epithelium does not give up its proliferative capacities with the completion of testis differentiation. Certain regions of the antimesorchial surface retain their activity and continue to contribute cellular elements during testis growth. Stromal cells, germ cells, and sections of or entire seminiferous tubules originate from the peritoneum in the form of cord-like ingrowths. In this form, the proliferations of the germinal epithelium of the testes are similar to and homologous with the continuous proliferations of the germinal epithelium of the ovary.In Sternotherus, both testis and ovary differentiate out of a bisexual primordium in which the deeper parts of the germinal epithelium form an ovarian cortex. Since the germinal epithelium persists as an active part of both ovary and testis, it must be responsive to the same physiological factors of female or male differentiation respectively. It is indifferent sexually and once the direction of sex differentiation is established, the response of the germinal epithelium is in the determined direction. Its activity is then to produce either seminiferous tubules or ovarian follicles, and is directly dependent upon the processes of embryonic sex differentiation and determination.
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    The development of the thymus bodies in necturus maculosus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 295-323 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The primordia of the thymus bodies in Necturus begin to form in 7-mm. embryos. These structures arise as clumps of entodermal cells on the posterior dorsal portion of the first four visceral pouches; the first or last pouch, being rudimentary, fails to form such a primordium. All except the first of these primordia lose their connection with their respective pouches in the 16-mm. stage and lie free in the surrounding connective tissue. The primordium on the first pouch begins to show degenerative changes during that stage, losing connection with its pouch in the 23-mm. stage, finally to disappear altogether in 30-mm. specimens.The three remaining bodies continue to grow, but the second and third outstrip the fourth in development and begin to form Hassall's corpuscles in 32- to 34-mm. stages. Sections of 30-mm. Necturi show a few of these corpuscles fairly well developed and containing a faintly staining secretion. The fourth body remains relatively small a long time, not showing the Hassallian cysts until the animal is 60 mm. long. By shifting of positions and increasing in size, the three bodies come to lie in proximity, one behind the other, to form the definitive thymus gland of the adult. The gland lies embedded in the heavy musculature on top of the head in front of the gills.
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    The effects of vitamin E deficiency on the testis of the male fowl (Gallus domesticus) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 339-359 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of vitamin E deficiency in the fowl were observed in Rhode Island Red males over a period of approximately 2 years.Mating experiments showed that after 1 year on the E-free diet all of the males were capable of fertilizing ova, but that after 2 years some of the males were sterile.Sperm smears showed that shortly after the beginning of the experiment, many of the mature spermatozoa exhibited an abnormal condition of the nuclear material of the head, while others remained normal.In histological sections of the testes made at the end of the 2 years, conditions varied from almost normal to complete atrophy, the latter being a condition that has already been described in the male mammal. Moreover, the conditions in any given section were not uniform for even in an advanced stage of E deficiency there were small islands of apparently normal tissue. However, in this case, as in the mammal, the process of degeneration affects the mature sperm cells first and gradually works to the outside of the seminiferous tubule thus attacking the youngest maturation stages last.The results of the experiment point definitely to destruction of the testis under prolonged E-deficient conditions but it is also quite apparent that the testis of the fowl is extremely resistant to vitamin E deficiency.
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    The osteology of the haplimous fish Novumbra hubbsi schultz with comparative notes on related speciesThe author wishes to thank: Dr. Leonard P. Schultz for his keen interest and helpful advice throughout the course of this study, and for the loan of specimens of Novumbra, Dallia, Umbra and Esox from the collection of fishes, Department of Fisheries, University of Washington; Dr. Carl L. Hubbs, of the University of Michigan, for specimens of Umbra limi, Umbra pygmaea, and Esox vermiculatus; Mr. Arnie Suomela, of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, for specimens of Umbra pygmaea; and Dr. J. R. Norman, of the British Museum, for specimens of, and the loan of a skeleton of Umbra crameri. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 371-405 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper is an attempt to clear up the confusion concerning the osteological relationships among the Haplomous fishes.The osteology of Novumbra hubbsi was worked out by the dissection of numerous specimens. The various skeletal features found were compared with the osteology of Umbra limi, U. pygmaea, U. crameri, and Dallia pectoralis.A description of each skeletal element of Novumbra was made, followed by a description of the chief differences between it and the same structures in Umbra and in Dallia. No constant osteological differences were found between Umbra limi and U. pygmaea, and very few between these two species and Umbra crameri. Novumbra and Umbra have more in common with each other than either does with Dallia or Esox. The presence of postorbitals, postcranials, and the shape of the secondary shoulder girdle in Novumbra show it to be also closely related to Dallia and Esox.The relationships of the various forms are summarized in a synoptic key which lists the following groups: Order Haplomi. Superfamily I, Dallioidea; Family Dallidae; Genus and species, Dallia pectoralis. Superfamily II, Umbroidea; Family 1, Umbridae; Genus and species, Umbra limi, U. pygmaea and U. crameri; Family 2, Novumbridae; Genus and species, Novumbra hubbsi. Superfamily III, Esocoidea; Family Esocidae; Genus, Esox.
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    Chemoreceptors of blowflies (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 445-475 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper deals with the morphology of all the so-called gustatory and olfactory organs of blowflies, and describes tests conducted to determine whether these insects taste with their tarsi and smell with their antennae and palpi. Antennae bear two types of so-called olfactory hairs, while palpi bear only one. With the aid of an olfactometer it has been shown that antennae and palpi do not bear the olfactory organs.In order to explain the proboscis response, described by Minnich, it is not necessary to assume that tarsi bear gustatory organs, because: (1) a tarus bears no sense organs, except nine olfactory pores; (2) it is almost impossible to wet the tarsi with water or sugar water; and (3) when flies were in the proper nutritive condition and liquids were about 3 mm. from the tarsi, the insects were induced by a special method to exhibit the proboscis response. It was further clearly demonstrated by a similar method that tarsi can easily distinguish between chemically pure saccharose water and distilled water when these liquids are about 3 mm. from the tarsi. The responses, obtained by any method, are caused by two stimuli, one mechanical and the other olfactory. The act of touching the feet produces the initial stimulus and brings the liquids almost in contact with the olfactory pores on the tarsi.
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    Intravitam studies on the hemipteran, Leptocoris trivittatus. A description of the male reproductive organs and the aggregation and turning of the sperms (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 513-531 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of the male reproductive organs of a hemipteron, Leptocoris trivittatus, has been made. The genital system, which consists of fan-shaped testes; the vasa deferentia, to which a single pair of accessory glands are attached; ejaculatory ducts and the copulatory apparatus, is described and photomicrographs of consecutive parts presented.Then an analysis of the method of aggregation and turning of the sperms is made by means of intravitam technic. Aggregation and turning commence in the early spermatid stage. A spherical cyst forms, the tails first grow centripetally and then push out toward the lower end of the cyst. This line of growth in the cyst moves the head ends of the spermatids to the upper end where aggregation gradually takes place.The cysts spiral up and across the follicles, the moving force being, probably, the elongating tails. Later they spiral down the follicle, development progressing rapidly. The descending bundles are mature sperm, held together by a cytoplasmic cap.The accessory gland secretes a milky substance which probably activates the sperm at a later stage. Peristalsis occurs in the wall of the gland and duct.The process of massing sperm into bundles before copulation insures effective translocation. Then peristalsis and movement of tubular fluids carry the sperm down the duct to the copulatory apparatus.
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    A microscopical study of glochidial immunityContribution no. 170. Published by permission of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. Acknowledgment is due the staff of the Fairport Biological Station for many helpful courtesies extended during the prosecution of this inquiry. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 367-379 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glochidial cysts on the gills of immune fishes form in the same manner as normal ones, but they tend to grow larger and become more irregular. The increased thickness is due to additional cellular connective tissue in the wall. The gill tissue indicates the existing biological incompatibility only by the presence of eosinophiles, extruded chromatin spherules, and eosinophilic plastids.In natural, or racial immunity many glochidia are promptly destroyed by cytolysis, accompanied by an invasion of host cells. These disintegrating glochidia may occur in close proximity to unaffected glochidia and apparently are merely less resistant individuals that succumb to a critically adjusted reaction.In both natural and acquired immunity the normal retention of glochidia and the accompanying metamorphosis are replaced by premature shedding. After the first day, the cyst thins by the removal of stroma cells back into the filament until the wall is reduced to a thin envelope. Both intact and destroyed glochidia, and apparently their cyst coverings, are sloughed at about the second day. Repair of the resulting notched filament is prompt.
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    The effects of x-rays on regeneration in Tubifex TubifexThis investigation is one of the studies upon effects of radiation upon regeneration in progress in the department of Zoölogy at the University of Missouri, assisted by grants to W. C. Curtis from the Committee on Effects of Radiation of the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 389-431 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Posterior regeneration in Tubifex is inhibited by suitable radiation with x-rays. Only a small knob is formed at the cut surface by rearrangement of the terminal region of the old body tissues. Location of the cut within the segment and repeated removals of segments within the posterior three-fourths of the body do not change this result. The worms are as though ‘castrated’ against regeneration. Normal worms regenerate readily under similar conditions and replace lost segments within thirty-five days. Mesodermal tissues in normal regenerating Tubifex are formed from neoblasts, which arise from peritoneal cells upon the posterior faces of septa near the cut, migrate to this wound surface, and differentiate into new structures. After radiation no neoblasts arise from peritoneal cells and there is no mesodermal regeneration. No changes, other than failure to form neoblasts, can be observed in the peritoneal cells. Migrating neoblasts are destroyed within a few hours by similar radiation.Epithelial tissues are also affected by x-rays, as shown by absence of mitoses and failure of regeneration in ectodermal and endodermal epithelia. During normal regeneration cells which form these epithelia and certain muscle fibers arise by proliferation from the epidermis and intestinal lining in the regenerating region, as shown by numerous mitoses in these layers. Failure of regeneration in radiated worms is thus related to lack of cells which are present in normal regeneration.
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    A study of the cytoplasm in insect ova (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 523-591 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of the ova of ten species of insects, distributed among the Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, and Neuroptera, has been studied. The Golgi bodies and chondriosomes were traced. They increase in number by fragmentation, but whether they may also arise de novo was not determined. They play no visible part in the formation of yolk or fat or any other structures or substances. Fat and yolk apparently arise independently in the cytoplasm. Vacuoles, which may stain with neutral red, may be present, but they are independent of the Golgi bodies. There is no vacuome in the sense in which Parat and others use the term. The Golgi bodies and chondriosomes are interpreted as substances rather than structures and as intermediate products of metabolism. Other bodies of unknown nature and function are present. The yolk nucleus of Gelastocoris is interpreted as a synthetic center.
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Embryology and life history of chaetopleura apiculata (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The breeding season of Chaetopleura apiculata begins about June 20th to June 25th and continues until about October 1st. Spawning takes place in the early evening, 8 to 11 O'clock. The cleavage and early development are strikingly similar to that of Ischnochiton as described by Heath, and is typically molluscan. The egg is enclosed in a bristly chorion from which it hatches after twenty-five to thirty hours. The larva is a large opaque trochophore which gradually transforms into a veliger larva by the development of the shell and foot. It settles to the bottom and metamorphoses into the adult form after six to ten days. It becomes sexually mature in one year and is full grown in three or four years, when it measures 29 × 18 mm. or less.
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    The spermatogenesis of the mouse (mus musculus, var. albula) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 197-220 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The previously reported diploid number of forty chromosomes has been verified; the sex chromosomes have been shown to exist early in the growth period and to be of the X-Y type; and a chromosome-nucleolus has been described in the resting stage of the primary spermatocytes which persists throughout synapsis and divides at the time of diakinesis into two parts that are equal in size and are thought to be the largest pair of autosomes. The diakinetic bivalents have been described rather fully. These are short and heavy and assume a great variety of shapes, the most characteristic of which are ring, V, Y, cross, and hexagonal. The union of bivalents during diakinesis has been shown to be an intimate one; in every instance first chromomere unites with first chromomere or third chromomere with third chromomere. This is considered to be significant evidence of the allelomorphism of chromomeres in mammals.
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    Localization of mineral ash in the organelles and cytoplasmic components of paramecium (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 421-433 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Paramecium caudatum was studied by micro-incineration, by stained control sections, by vital staining, and by osmic impregnation. It was found that a slow initial heating and a slow cooling after incineration greatly reduce the amount of distortion and shrinkage in the incinerated specimens. Most of the cytoplasmic components and organelles, including vacuome, chondriome, cilia, and basal granules, trichocysts, food vacuoles, and the nuclei, could be identified by their ash. No ash is found in the pellicle and only a small amount in the hyaloplasm. None of the osmiophilic components such as granules or the walls of the contractile vacuole could be identified in the incinerated specimens with certainty. The larger amount of ash in the endoplasm as compared with the ectoplasm is due to the large number of granules in the former region. The nucleus and some of the granules near the nucleus show traces of iron.
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    Studies upon regeneration. I. The constrasting powers of regeneration in planaria and procotylaSupported by a grant from the Committee on Radiation, National Research Council. Acknowledgments are also due to Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, for assistance given the senior author during his service as visiting professor, 1932-1933. The present paper is introductory to studies of the effects of radiation upon the normal structures and activities here described. A number of individuals have assisted in varying degrees in these investigations. Since work present paper, her name appears as a joint author. Certain work by6 C. D. Turner was similarly helpful. The senior author, who has thus supplemented his own studies of the material, has written the paper and assumes responsibility for the observations and their interpretation. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 477-513 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When sexually mature Procotyla fluviatilis Leidy (commonly but erroneously known as Dendrocoelum lacteum) are cut transversely into head, pharyngeal, and tail pieces of about equal length, the head and pharyngeal pieces fail to regenerate in a large percentage of cases and tail pieces never regenerate. When regeneration occurs in head and pharyngeal pieces it is somewhat slower than in similar pieces of Planaria maculata Leidy and Planaria agilis Stringer with which comparisons were made. Cutting mature Procotyla into larger numbers of pieces usually results in death of all, although smaller pieces from prepharyngeal regions sometimes regenerate. Juvenile P. fluviatilis have greater powers of regeneration, as shown by cutting head and pharyngeal regions into greater numbers of pieces, but tail pieces do not regenerate. These observations confirm and extend those of earlier investigators. Such a restricted power of regeneration contrasts with well-known powers in P. maculata and P. agilis. Counts of formative cells, from which new parts arise in all three species and which are regarded by the authors as a persistent embryonic stock, indicate about 8.5 such cells in P. maculata to 1 in P. fluviatilis per unit area. It is concluded that regeneration in planarians is correlated with numbers of such formative cells and that histological factors are no less important than physiological ones. The paper is preliminary to a study of effects of x-rays upon regeneration.
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    Studies on the spermatocyte divisions in ascaris megalocephala; with special reference to the central bodies, Golgi complex and mitochondria (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 435-475 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The centrioles are recognized early in the prophase of the primary spermatocyte. They soon become double and migrate around the nucleus in opposite directions. As this is completed the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers appear. The centrioles divide in the metaphase at a time when the centrosome is still perfectly spherical. The centrosome divides in the anaphase, giving the two centers for the second division. The centriole disappears in the spermatid and cannot be seen in later stages. The behavior of the centers during the spermatocyte divisions is strikingly like that of the egg centers and other types of mitoses. Therefore, it is concluded that the centrioles of the spermatocytes are not to be regarded as different from the centrioles in other types of mitoses.The Golgi bodies increase in number and size during the growth period of the cell. They are usually found in the shape of rings. From these rings are produced the refringent granules which fuse in the late spermatid to form those of the mature sperm. It is therefore concluded that this process represents the formation of the acrosome. The mitochondria show little change during the maturation divisions. In the late spermatid they aggregate around the nucleus and become vesiculated. This is interpreted as the formation of the prenebenkern.
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    Insect development. IV. External morphology of grasshopper embryos of known age and with a known temperature history (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 1-21 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of Melanoplus differentialis, a grasshopper, secured immediately after they had been laid, were placed in a water bath kept at 25°C, and allowed to develop for definite periods. After fixation, the embryos were dissected out of the eggs and drawn. Large numbers of eggs were examined in order to determine the degree of variation under specific conditions. For the stages following revolution, eggs were used in which ‘hibernation’ had been prevented by exposure to low temperatures.
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    Cytoplasmic structures in the ganglion cells of certain Orthoptera, with special reference to the Golgi bodies, mitochondria, ‘vacuome,’ intracellular trabeculae (trophospongium), and neurofibrillae (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 59-95 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Golgi bodies of the nerve cells of the grasshopper are discrete elements composed of an osmiophilic cortex and an osmiophobic medulla. When seen in face, they appear ring-like, semicircular, or crescentic. The osmiophilic portion is interpreted as the homologue of the classical Golgi apparatus and may under certain conditions be dissolved away, leaving clear spaces homologous to the canalicular apparatus (negative image of Golgi apparatus). When the osmiophilic portion is dissolved, the osmiophobic portion remains as a definite structure which apparently has no homologue in the classical Golgi apparatus. The mitochondria are granular, rod-like, or filamentous and show no transformation into Golgi bodies. Neutral-red bodies (‘vacuome’) of two kinds have been observed, neither of which is a constant preformed structure or has any relationship to the Golgi bodies. Prolongations of the capsule (trophospongium?) of the nerve cell penetrate into the cell approximately one-third the distance to the nucleus. These are interpreted as supportive rather than nutritive in function. A basket-like net of neurofibrillae surrounds the nucleus. It is suggested that the networks described as Golgi apparatus in certain invertebrate nerve cells may really consist of these neurofibrillae.The conclusion of Parat that Golgi material consists either of mitochondria or ‘vacuome’ is rejected. The idea that all structures in the living cell which stain with neutral red (‘vacuome’) are homologous is also rejected.
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    The nutrition of glochidia during metamorphosis. A microscopical study of the sources and manner of utilization of the nutritive substancesContribution no. 166. Published by permission of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. Acknowledgment is due the staff of the Fairport Biological Station for many helpful courtesies extended during the prosecution of this inquiry. A preliminary report appears in the proceedings of the American Society of Zoölogists (Arey, '23 a). (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 201-221 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Part of the nutriment of metamorphosing glochidia is supplied by the cellular host tissue, bitten by the larvae during attachment. Some of this is taken up piecemeal by the mantle cells and digested intracellularly. The coarse granules that first pack the mantle cells are apparently the precursors of a digestive secretion, some of which escapes into the mantle cavity. Here it also causes the prompt dissolution of additional utilizable host tissue.Another source of nutriment is furnished by the provisional larval adductor muscle which undergoes degenerative changes in situ, then fragments, and finally is carried away bit by bit by amoeboid cells. These turn over their muscle content to the larval mantle, where the particles are further reduced beyond recognition. The mantle remnant itself is finally sacrificed and doubtless becomes an additional source of nutriment.The gut serves as an organ of nutrition throughout the last two-thirds of the parasitic period. It appears to admit and digest pieces of the adductor muscle and certain unidentified particulate matter. In addition, the gut, like the definitive mantle and other organs, doubtless absorbs tissue transudate from the host.Special vascularization of the host tissue to facilitate the passage of nutriment from host to parasite does not occur, yet there is no reason to doubt that an appreciable part of the larval nutrition results from transuding tissue juices.
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    A topographical and cytological study of the sympathetic nervous components of the suprarenal of the chick embryoThis work was done largely at the Zoölogical laboratory of the University of Kentucky during 1929 and 1930. It was completed during the author's leave of absence from the University of Kentucky, while in residence at The University of Chicago, 1930 and 1931. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 277-325 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study was made of the development of the suprarenal gland of the chick with reference to the following points: 1) Topographical relationship of the sympathetic cell masses to the cortical cords, and to the sympathetic nervous system. 2) Cytological differentiation of the sympathetic cells.The migrating indifferent sympathetic cells, although becoming generally distributed over the medial surface of the cortical ridge, form a series of more prominent aggregations at certain definite loci. These aggregations are the rudiments of two longitudinal ganglionic chains, which develop from the sixth to the seventh day. Around and between the ganglionic rudiments the indifferent cell groups become penetrated by sympathetic fibers from the ganglionic rudiments as well as by fibers of sympathoblasts which develop from indifferent cells of the sympathetic-chromaffine complex. At the same time multipolar sympathetic cells lying between the cortical cords and processes to the tracts developing between the ganglia on the surface of the cortical ridge.Differentiation of ‘chromaffine cells’ from indifferent cells of the aggregations begins during the eighth day, after a profuse innervation of the rudiments has been established. Differentiation is evidenced by the appearance of cytoplasmic granules, and by the appearance of the ‘chromaffine reaction.’ The possible bearing of the innervation of the indifferent cell aggregations upon their differentiation and upon their penetration of the cortical bodies is discussed.
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    Cytology of Troglodytella abrassarti, an intestinal ciliate of the chimpanzee (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 621-635 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530201
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The early develoment of the duck's egg, with special reference to the origin of the primitive streak (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 133-187 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with the development of the duck embryo from the unincubated blastoderm to the 1-to-3-somite stage. In the unincubated stage the thickened posterior germ wall is the most active region mitotically, contributing cells to complete the entodermal layer. The slightly thickened ectoderm of the posterior half of the pellucid area is the precursor of the embryonic shield. During incubation this ectoderm increases in height, forming the embryonic shield. The primitive streak arises in the posterior part of the shield, where tall ectodermal cells in the midline become several-layered and proliferate cells from their ventral surface which migrate laterally, becoming mesoderm. At first short and broad, the streak becomes longer and narrower until it attains its definitive stage.The greatest proliferation of ectodermal cells occurs always at the anterior end of the streak of all stages, forming at the definitive stage a definite thickening-Hensen's node. Proliferation diminishes posteriorly along the streak.The number and orientation of mitotic figures indicate cell movements as follows: Prestreak stages-ectodermal cells migrate from posterior part of shield toward midline, thence forward in midline; early streak stages-anterior movement in streak and to sides of streak, and lateromedial movement from sides toward middle of streak; definitive streak stages-postero-anterior and lateromedial migration of cells.The embryonic axis, of prestreak and streak stages, lies approximately at right angles to the egg axis in slightly over 50 per cent of the cases.
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    The architecture of the parietal cells of the salivary glands of the grasshopper, with special reference to the intracellular canaliculi, Golgi bodies, and mitochondria (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 223-241 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parietal cells of the salivary glands of the grasshopper are large and roughly spherical or sometimes pyramidal in form, scattered for the most part singly among the zymogenic cells of the lobules. They possess a magnificent system of intracellular canaliculi into which their secretions are directly emptied and conveyed to the exterior of the cell. These intracellular canaliculi are strikingly impregnated with osmic-acid methods (Nassonov, Mann-Kopsch) in a manner comparable to the contractile vacuole of Paramecium as described by Nassonov. However, in addition to the impregnated system of intracellular canaliculi, Golgi bodies are found evenly distributed throughout the cell in the form of crescents, semicircles, or ring-like structures typical of insect tissue.Inasmuch as a direct homology between the intracellular canaliculi and the contractile vacuole of Paramecium, both from the point of view of morphology and physiology, seems justified, we question the inference drawn by Nassonov that the impregnated walls of the contractile vacuole in Paramecium actually represent Golgi material. Deduction is made from these and previous studies that the magnificent network of ‘vacuome-Golgi apparatus’ described by Parat and Painlevé ('24) in the salivary glands of Chironomus larvae is nothing more or less than intracellular secretory canaliculi.Mitochondria in the parietal cells are abundant in the characteristic form of short rods and filaments. No evidence of a direct transformation of mitochondria into Golgi bodies. as held by Parat, was observed. Golgi bodies and mitochondria show no marked topographical relationship to the intracellular secretory canaliculi.
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    The chondrocranium of a 23-mm. necturusContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratories, University of Illinois, no. 424. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 327-343 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study is based on a wax model reconstructed from serial sections stained with basic fuchsin and picro-indigo-carmine. It shows: 1) that the columna ethmoidalis and planum basale are chondrified at this stage; 2) that a cartilaginous antorbital process is present; 3) that the stapedial plate is cut out from the wall of the otic capsule; 4) that the so-called crista trabecularis is an independent element homologous with the sphenolateralis of the Anura; 5) that the fourth visceral arch is not present and that the fifth is still in the precartilaginous stage; and, 7) that there is no evidence that a pro-occipital vertebra is formed.
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    The structure of opalinids, as revealed by the technique of micro-incinerationAided by an appropriation from a grant made by the Rockefeller Foundation to Washington University for research in science. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 381-388 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Opalinids from the rectum of Rana pipiens were isolated in large numbers and fixed in a mixture of nine parts of absolute alcohol and one part of neutral formalin. These were embedded in paraffin and incinerated according to the technique of Policard. Examination of the preparations by dark-field illumination showed that the micro-incinerated protozoa retained their distinctive morphological and cytological characters, for the mineral ash had the same topographical distribution as the cell inclusions in the control stained preparations.The coarse vegetative granules of the cytoplasm were preserved as distinct masses of ash which corresponded exactly to these bodies in the control preparations. The structure of the myonemata and the cilia was perfectly preserved. The chromatin material of the nucleus, more or less abundant, left little or no ash, which is quite in contrast to the findings of Scott with regard to amphibian and mammalian nuclei.
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    DIE BILDUNG DER ERYTHROCYTEN IM KERNE DER PLASMOCYTEN; DER HÄMOGLOBINSCHWUND IM BLUTKREISLAUFE MIT DER PIGMENTMETAMORPHOSE UND OHNE DERSELBEN UND DIE BESONDERE ELIMINIERUNGSART DER CHROMATINSUBSTANZ AUS DER ZELLE IM BLUTE DES BATRACHOSEPS ATTENUATUS ESCH. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 593-603 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the blood of Batrachoseps one part of the erythrocytes is formed inside the nucleus of plasmocytes as a result of the metamorphosis of chromatin substance. When erythrocytes are completely formed, they separate themselves from the plasmocytes.Disappearance of the hemoglobin of erythrocytes with pigment metamorphosis is visible in the drawings.When the disappearance of hemoglobin with pigment metamorphosis takes place, the color of the hemoglobin cytoplasm frequently becomes very pale. The hemoglobin cytoplasm may vanish also without pigment metamorphosis in such a way that the whole cell (nucleus and cytoplasm) swells, and the cytoplasm becomes paler, and finally only a pale shadow remains which is rather difficult to distinguish. The author has noticed in the blood of Batrachoseps, besides extrusion of small nuclei from the erythrocytes, also a particular way in which chromatin substance is eliminated from the cell. While the cell and the nucleus become pear-shaped, the nucleus moves toward the periphery, touching the surface of the cell with its funnel-shaped narrow side. From this narrow side the chromatin substance flows out in the form of a band stained red, according to Romanowsky.
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    Somatic mitoses of Drosophila melanogaster (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 125-155 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The chromosomes of D. melanogaster have been followed through the entire cycle of mitosis in ganglion cells. Primary constrictions exist at about the middle of the second and third chromosomes, at a sub-median position in the Y, at a sub-terminal in the X, and probably also at a sub-terminal position in the fourth chromosome. Secondary constrictions, in addition to those reported by Bridges, are sub-terminal in the arms of the second and third chromosomes. A pronounced sub-median secondary constriction in the left limb of the second chromosome offers a criterion for distinguishing between the second and third chromosomes, and between right and left arms of the second chromosome. The proximal secondary constriction in the X-chromosome and that in the short arm of the Y are associated with the normal development of the nucleolus. Anaphase chromosomes are longitudinally double, the split following the turns of the chromonemata. Metaphase and anaphase chromosomes are essentially isodiametric from end to end, except at the constrictions or indentures. Somatic pairing of chromosomes reaches its maximum expression during late prophases, both in male and female ganglion cells. The four chromatids of the tightly appressed homologues open out in two planes giving distinct chiasma-like configurations. Separation of the paired chromosomes is completed in late prophase, so that at metaphase the homologous chromosomes are not in contact.
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    The cytology of the corpora lutea of the eweA thesis submitted from the Department of Zoölogy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 181-202 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytology of corpora lutea of non-pregnant ewes is described with reference to the origin, structure, fate, and function of these organs. The lutein cells, characteristic of corpora lutea, are derived from the cells of the stratum granulosum of the Graafian follicle; connective-tissue cells, embryonic cells, and non-striated muscle cells, from the theca interna; and erythrocytes, leucocytes, and histiocytes, from the blood stream. The lutein cells undergo changes in size, nuclear structure, and cytoplasmic inclusions correlated with the period in the estrous cycle and disappear during retrogression. Although secretory products have not been identified, a secretory function is postulated on the basis of the structure of the cell.
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    Localization of mineral ash in the organelles of trichonympha, a hypermastigote flagellate from zootermopsis angusticollis (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 231-241 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three species of Trichonympha found in Zootermopsis angusticollis were studied by micro-incineration, by control sections, and by Macallum's methods for iron and calcium. The mineral ash is concentrated in the neuromotor system, chromatin, nuclear membrane, the posterior end where ingestion takes place, and in cytoplasmic granules. Micro-incineration and Macallum's Prussian blue method reveal iron in the chromatin alone; Macallum's haematoxylin gives a positive test for iron in the chromatin, rostrum, neuromotor fibrils, etc. It probably is not as specific as the other methods. The two staining methods give negative tests for iron except after acid hydrolysis. Calcium is present in the chromatin, neuromotor system, posterior region of the body, and in many endoplasmic granules. The localization of calcium is correlated with the localization of normally gelated regions.
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Cytological studies of the epidermis of Rana pipiens and Rana clamitans tadpoles, with special reference to the figures of Eberth (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 213-229 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The conspicuous intracellular fibers (figures of Eberth) which are present in the basal epidermal cells of Rana pipiens and Rana clamitans tadpoles are thought to be connective tissue branches from the corium. They are not believed to represent fused mitochondria as concluded by Saguchi ('13). Their probable function is to furnish support to the basal epidermal cells and to strengthen the connection of the epithelial layer to the corium.It is believed that fully developed tadpole skin, before the period of metamorphosis has begun, consists of only two layers of cells, although there may appear to be more. Each of these layers is believed to be self-maintaining by mitotic division within the individual layer. The basal layer apparently does not furnish cells to the outer layer, nor was any evidence found that the outer layer is sloughed during the larval period.
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    Caste determination and differentiation with special reference to the genus reticulitermes (Isoptera) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 267-293 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The results of recent investigations concerning caste determination among termites have been briefly reviewed with emphasis upon the work of Thompson ('17). From examination of new data upon the development of Reticulitermes arenincola Goellner, R. flavipes (Kollar), and R. tibialis Banks, and of Thompson's original R. flavipes material, I am unable to substantiate her claim that the sterile and reproductive castes are separable into two distinct groups at the time of hatching. I could distinguish them first in stadium three and suggest that the second stadium may be a critical period in differentiation. From evidence to date, it must be granted that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may play a role in the production of castes. The delay in appearance of demonstrable caste differences until the third stadium in the genus Reticulitermes at least admits of an opportunity for extrinsic factors to be effective. Growth and metamorphosis of various structures which ultimately lead to the three differentiated castes have been followed through successive stadia. Gynandromorphs and intercastes among social insects give indication of the physiological and genetic factors influencing both morphological and behavior differences among castes.
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    Erratum (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 565-565 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The development of the posterior cardinal veins in relation to the swim bladder in Lepidosteus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 1-19 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The origin and development of the posterior cardinals and associated veins in relation to the swim bladder, as well as their morphology, have been studied in Lepidosteus. The posterior cardinals develop, beginning in the 4-mm. stage, as sinuses in the mesenchyme dorsal to the gut and near the mesonephori. A pneumatic vein appears first in the 13-mm. stage. It collects from the posterior portion of the swim bladder and empties into the right posterior cardinal. In the younger stages the caudal vein empties directly into the posterior cardinals as is the case in the adult cyclostome, but by the 58-mm. stage it has joined veins dorsal to the mesonephori forming a renal portal system. An anal vein appears in the region of the anus and joins the caudal. Later, with the development of the renal portal system, the anal separates from the caudal to become the single posterior extension of the posterior cardinals. The posterior portion of the right cardinal contributes largely to the development of an abdominal portal vein extending from the posterior root of the right posterior cardinal to the liver. These relationships of the posterior cardinals differ from those found in other fishes, due perhaps to the function of the right cardinal and its pneumatic branch in collecting blood from the swim bladder.
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    Staining reactions of protoplasm and its formed components. A cytological and biochemical study (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 101-123 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chemical analyses of the lipoids in fresh and autolyzed pancreas of the cat have been correlated with the staining reactions of sections of this organ preserved by three cytological methods. Quantities of total fats and of phospholipins, the iodine numbers of total fats and of phospholipins, and the free fatty acid numbers were determined. None of the methods of fixation used reveals the total fat content of the tissue. The intensity of staining of material fixed by Helly's method and stained with acid fuchsin is dependent on the phospholipins of the tissue, but the exact nature of the relationship is not certain. The intensity of staining of material preserved by Champy's method and stained with acid fuchsin can be correlated with the iodine number of the phospholipins of the cells. The degree of blackness of sections preserved by the Kolatchev-Nassonov method can be correlated with the iodine number of the phospholipins of the cells. The free fatty acid content is probably also a significant factor. The methods demonstrate lipoids qualitatively rather than quantitatively. Only physiologically similar cells may justifiably be compared by the cytological methods studied.
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    The material continuity and individuality of the somatic chromosomes of Ambystoma tigrinum, with special reference to the nucleolus as a chromosomal component (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 157-179 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two features of this study have furnished direct evidence for the material continuity and individuality of the chromosomes in the epithelial cells of the larvae of Ambystoma tigrinum (1) the tracing of the complete history of a specific chromosome, the nucleolus-containing chromosome, throughout the successive stages of mitosis and interkinesis, (2) the following of the exact parallelism in behavior (during mitosis) of the chromosomes in a given nuclear group with that in a single chromosome which has been isolated in the cytoplasm from the main chromosomal complex.Each of the two nucleoli is subterminally located in the short arm of one of two particular V-shaped chromosomes. The latter are probably homologues.78: In this subterminal chromosomal position the nucleolus exhibits in fixed and stained preparations an achromatic character in late prophase, metaphase, anaphase and early telophase, while it presents itself as a chromatic element in middle telophase, late telophase, interkinesis and early prophase.The nucleolus is not a simple homogeneous body, but rather a complex structure, the nature of which is revealed in the study of its evolution during the chromatic phase of its cycle in mitosis.
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    Measurements of the skull and of some of the long bones of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus cinnamominus) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 203-212 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The skull, mandible, and five pairs of long bones from the skeletons of 125 muskrats were weighed and measured. Each bone of the pairs of long bones was weighed and measured separately. Thirteen dimensions of the skull were determined.The long bones are slightly less variable in length than the skull dimensions. There is a rather wide range of variation in the thirteen dimensions of the skull, with the length and breadth of the skull less variable than the lengths of the long bones.The coefficients of correlation show that the weight of the skull is a good index to the weights of the long bones. The skull length has likewise high correlations with the lengths of the long bones and the longitudinal dimensions of the skull, with the exception of the palatine slits. The transverse diameters are not significantly correlated with the skull length.The long bones are asymmetrical in weight and length. They are longer more frequently on the left side and all except the tibia are heavier more frequently on the left side.
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    A study of the development of the cochlea and cochlearis in the fetal albino rat (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 243-265 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The position of the inner ear and its relation to surrounding structures in the fetal head is ascertained. The growth and shape change of the cochlea is followed and measured. The change in size and appearance of the ductus cochlearis has been followed througout the various fetal stages. The growth and development of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani have been noted. The size and shape of the cells of the organs of Corti and the development and attachments of the tectorial membrane have been measured. The growth and developmental relationships of the tunnel of Corti have been followed. The growth and time of appearance of the organs with their relationship to hearing have been treated. The type of cell structure and the various structural changes throughout the development have been noted and correlated with the growth and size of the structure as a whole. The repidity of growth of all separate parts has been correlated and united to show the extent of development of the newborn rat inner ear.
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    The idiochromosomes of an earwig, Labidura riparia (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 361-369 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The diploid number of chromosomes of a species of Indian earwigs, Labidura riparia, is fourteen; six pairs of autosomes with X and Y idiochromosomes for the male; six pairs of autosomes with X and X for the female.The chromosome distribution is normal, and constant for all the individuals studied.X and Y are derived from a single chromatin nucleolus of the early growth period which assumes a clavate form later, and remains in the same form till the metaphase of the primary spermatocyte is reached.
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    A study of the chromosomes of Xiphophorus, Platypoecilus and of Xiphophorus-Platypoecilus hybrids during spermatogenesisThe writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. C. L. Turner for advice and assistance. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 423-443 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During spermatogonial stages in Xiphophorus and Platypoecilus maculatus and Platypoecilus couchiana and in the hybrid, two distinct types of cells are observed, a large lightly staining primary spermatogonium and a smaller deeply staining secondary spermatogonium. Chromosomes of primary spermatogonia of Platypoecilus maculatus and Platypoecilus couchiana differ somewhat from those of Xiphophorus helleri and Xiphophorus jalapa, but are very similar to those of the hybrid at this stage.Chromosomes of Xiphophorus at this stage are long and thin, while those of Platypoecilus and of the hybrid are somewhat short and thick. Visible chromosome differences appear only during the primary spermatogonial stages.The haploid group of chromosomes, numbering twenty-four in the hybrid, so resembles that of Xiphophorus and of these two species of Platypoecilus in both number and morphological characteristics during the primary spermatocyte division as to be practically indistinguishable from either. Persistent lagging of one large chromosome as it comes upon the equatorial plate during the primary spermatocyte division is very noticeable. Precocious division of this chromosome and the advancing of its two daughter components to the poles of the spindle in advance of other chromosomes indicates that this chromosome may be a sex chromosome. The fact that two daughter components are identical morphologically and that each secondary spermatocyte receives one of them suggests that the male in Xiphophorus and in Platypoecilus is homogametic.
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    Somatic synapsis in chironomus, with special reference to the individuality of the chromosomes (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 577-591 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nuclear band of the cells of the salivary glands of Chironomus larvae regularly consists of four segments or chromosomes. Each of these may be recognized by its characteristic distribution of chromatin discs of various sizes. When nucleolar elements are present they have a definite location in relation to the chromation discs of a certain chromosome. The diploid number of chromosomes is eight; therefore, the four segments in the cells of the salivary glands represent four pairs of homologous chromosomes in somatic synapsis which here is not a simple approximation but an accurate pairing part by part of the homologous chromosomes.
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    Insect development. VII. Early stages in the development of grasshopper eggs of known age and with a known temperature history (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 593-601 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of maturation and of development during the first 4 days has been followed in Melanoplus differentialis eggs (from mated females) collected (1) just before they were laid, or (2) immediately after oviposition had been completed and (1) either fixed at once, or (2) after incubation at 25°C. for definite periods.
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    Insect development. VIII. Maturation and early development of unfertilized grasshopper eggs (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 603-619 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Maturation and early cleavage in unfertilized Melanoplus differentialis eggs have been followed with material secured immediately before as well as after oviposition, and (1) fixed at once, or (2) held in an incubator at 25°C. and, subsequently, fixed at selected intervals. Eggs ready to be laid were all found in the metaphase of the first maturation division. The second polar body is given off (at 25°C.) within 5 to 7 hours after laying. Meiosis appears to be unaffected by the absence of the sperm nucleus and proceeds at the same rate as in fertilized eggs. No morphological differences could be found between the process here and in eggs from mated females.During early cleavage, or later, the diploid number of chromosomes may be restored in some (or perhaps all) cells of the embryo.Development begins in the greater number of these unfertilized eggs but is successfully completed in only a very few.
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    The control of luminescence in the male lampyrid firefly, photuris pennsylvanica, with special reference to the effect of oxygen tension on flashing (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 37-51 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    A simple method for the quantitative measurement of cell permeability (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 71-82 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Afferent impulses in the carotid sinus nerve I. The relation of the discharge from single end organs to arterial blood pressure (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 113-130 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Action of nerve depressants on potentialFrom the Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Oscar Johnson Institute, St. Louis, Missouri. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 177-194 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The influence of carbon dioxide upon the respiration of nerveAided by a grant from the Hendricks Research Fund, Syracuse University.A preliminary report of this work appeared in the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 29, p. 144, 1931. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 239-252 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The effects of hormones and certain other substances on cell (luminous bacteria) respiration (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 297-331 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Growth in size of micro-organisms measured from motion pictures I. Yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 387-407 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Some effects of intense audible sound on living organisms and cells (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 451-473 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The influence of some organ extracts on the permeability to water of sea-urchin eggs (Arbacia punctulata) (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 1-10 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The rate of penetration of dyes into Valonia, with special reference to solubility theories of permeabilityPreliminary note in Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 29, pp. 720-721. 1932. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 53-73 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Intracellular hydrion concentration studies. VIII. Cytoplasm and vacuole of Limnobium root-hair cells (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 105-119 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The CO2 content of the gastric mucosa (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 141-148 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    On osmotic behavior of living cell fragmentsAided by a grant from the National Research Council. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 193-199 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020207
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    Respiratory quotient of resting frog muscle (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 233-242 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020210
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    The influence of temperature upon the process of division in Amoeba proteus (Leidy) (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 311-327 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020307
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    Masthead (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030010301
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    Effect of temperature, salts, and hydrogen-ion concentration on rupture of the plasmagel sheet, rate of locomotion, and gel/sol ratio in amoeba proteusContribution from the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and the Zoölogical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University. We are much indebted to the Research Corporation for financial aid. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 333-354 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030010303
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    The dependence of cytoplasmic structures in the egg of the sea urchin on the ionic balance of the environment (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 41-51 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020105
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    Intracellular hydrion concentration studies. VII. The secreting cells of the mesonephros in the chickThe expenses for this investigation were paid by a grant from the Leopold Schepp Foundation. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 99-103 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020108
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    The effect of carbon dioxide in the presence of varying amounts of bicarbonate upon the cleavage rate of the Arbacia egg (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 177-191 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020206
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    Masthead (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020301
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    The secretion of urea in the frog (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 349-353 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020309
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    Absorption and excretion of water and salts by the elasmobranch fishes. IV. The secretion of exogenous creatining by the dogfish, Squalus acanthiasThe first two papers of the series appeared in the American Journal of Physiology, vol. 98, pp. 279, 296, '31; and the third, in this journal, vol. 1, p. 131, '32. (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 4 (1934), S. 211-220 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030040205
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    Masthead (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 4 (1934) 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030040301
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    The effect of narcotics on respiration and luminescence in bacteria with special reference to the relation between the two processesPreliminary reports on portions of this work have appeared in the Anatomical Record, volume 54, page 32, 1932, and volume 57, page 43, and in the Biological Bolletin, volume 65, page 370, 1933. (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 4 (1934), S. 329-355 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030040305
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    The effect of blockage of the gastrointestinal tract upon urine formation in a marine teleost, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 4 (1934), S. 283-296 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Analysis of the movement of cilia from the clam (MYA) by high-speed photography with stroboscopic lightContribution no. 35 from the Department of Biology and Public Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 5 (1934), S. 189-197 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030050206
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    Intensity and duration in the excitation of single photoreceptor units (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 5 (1934), S. 229-247 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030050210
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