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  • Articles  (22,589)
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  • Articles  (22,589)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the nervous system as a possible factor in the regulation of ciliary activity of the lamellibranch gill (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 147-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Certain variations of ciliary activity in the lamellibranch gill occur which are an intrinsic part of the gill tissue and which are due to causes other than environmental changes. Experimental and morphological evidence indicates that the central nervous system is not involved in the production of these variations.A comparative study of laterofrontal and lateral ciliated cells leads to the conclusion that the coordination impulse passes through the cytoplasm of the cell and that the velocity of the propagation wave is influenced by the number of cell walls per unit length through which it passes. It is suggested that the ciliary rootlets in the laterfrontal cells, due to their arrangement bring the impulse simultaneously to both rows of cilia within a single cell.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510104
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  • 2
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    The spermiogenesis of Succinea ovalis say, with special reference to the components of the sperm (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 243-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation of the spermiogenesis of Succinea ovalis Say, a small terrestrial pulmonate, has revealed: 1) The germ cells are differentiated from indifferent germinal epithelial cells. In this form the germinal epithelium is a true epithelium, and not a syncytium. 2) Forty chromosomes are found in the spermatogonial divisions and twenty in the maturation divisions. 3) Early in spermiogenesis the proximal centriole penetrates through the spermatid nucleus and, with the oxychromatin, forms an intranuclear rod similar to that reported for certain prosobranches. The homology and significance of the rod are discussed. 4) Of the cytoplasmic structures, the mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus were followed through all stages of spermatogenesis. 5) At the maturation divisions the mitochondria are grouped into peculiar. thread-like structures. Some of the mitochondria take part in the formation of the sheath around the axial filament of the spermatozoon, while the remainder are sloughed off with the cytoplasmic remnant. 6) The Golgi apparatus consists of a number of banana-shaped rods closely grouped around the idiosome. Three to five Golgi rods are found in the spermatid stages. A portion of the Golgi apparatus and idisome (acroblast) forms the acrosome, and the Golgi remnant is discarded at the end of spermatogenesis. 7) In mature sperm both head and tail have a spiral structure. The origin and nature of the spirals are pointed out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510107
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  • 3
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    Electronic Resource
    Blood formation in the african lungfish, under normal conditions and under conditions of prolonged estivation and recoveryThis paper was awarded the Virginia Academy of Science research prize for 1930. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 319-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The blood cells of the African lungfish, Protopterus ethiopicus, are very large and resemble those of urodeles. Leucocytes are especially plentiful and rich in variety, including eosinophils, special eosinophils, [meta-eosinophils] with atypical granules, monocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils.The chief hemocytopoietic organs are the spleen, intestine, and kidneys. The lungfish spleen, embedded in the wall of the stomach, represents an intermediate phylogenetic stage between the disperse intra-enteral type of the hagfish and the compact extra-enteral type of other vertebrates.Erythrocytes are formed in the spleen pulp, granulocytes in the granulocytopoietic organ of the intestine and in the capsules of kidneys, gonads, and spleen. Thrombocytes and monocytes are differentiated in the spleen and general circulation. Basophils arise in the spleen and intestine. Lymphoid cells of all types arise in the spleen. Evidence is presented bearing upon the hemocytopoietic capacity of the various types. Cells with [Russell bodies] also occur in the spleen.In lungfishes subjected to long periods of dry estivation, erythrocytopoiesis practically ceases. Granulocytes, however, appear to play an important rǒle, possibly in fat metabolism. The large variety of meta-eosinophils, a unique feature of the lungfish, appears to be associated with the habit of estivation.Recovery from estivation may show numerous amitoses of erythrocytes in the general circulation. Other cells which divide in this manner are young thrombocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid hemoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on the postnuclear, acrosome-seat granules, and ‘vacuome’ in Desmognathus fusca spermatogenesis (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 597-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The acrosome in Desmognathus, Spelerpes, Plethodon, salamander, Amphiuma, etc., is attached to the nucleus in connection with an acrosome seat, which forms a shallow cup, traced back to a number of granules in the early spermatid. A postnuclear plate is present in the above-mentioned urodeles, and is derived from a small number of minute granules which assemble in the spermatid and become fixed onto the nuclear membrane. The centrosomes of the spermatid are visible intravitam. The ‘vacuome’ is formed of minute neutral-red-staining globules embedded in the idiozome. No connection appears to exist between mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as is postulated by the vacuome-chondriome hypothesis (Parat).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510209
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  • 5
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    Studies on the comparative histology of the digestive tube of certain teleost fishes II. A minnow (Campostoma anomalum)Studies from the Department of Zoölogy, The University of Nebraska, no. 168. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper presents a study of the normal histology of the digestive tract of an herbivorous teleost, the minnow Campostoma anomalum (Raflnesque). The tunics of the buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and intestine are described; particular attention is given to the mucosa because of the specializations occurring in that coat, such as taste buds, goblet cells, callous pad, etc. Because of the very decided anatomical and histological differences existing between the anterior and posterior regions of the pharynx, due to the presence of a callous pad and pharyngeal teeth, it has been deemed advisable to consider the pharynx as divisible into an anterior and a posterior region. Thyroid tissue was found in the submucosa of the anterior pharynx. No gastric epithelium was demonstrated, the ‘intestinal bulb,’ the only enlargement of the coelomic portion of the digestive tube, being lined with epithelium presenting only minor differences from that found in the coiled tubular intestine.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050520102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    The development of the ovary in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)The author is indebted to the National Research Council for a Fellowship during the year 1929-1930 during which the work herein described was partially completed; also, to the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for facilities for work during the summer of 1930. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 515-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each indifferent genital rudiment in the grasshopper embryo is composed of the following: (1) a terminal filament membrane; (2) an epithelial plate of indifferent cells, the dorsal cell mass; (3) the central cell mass containing germ and indifferent cells; (4) the ventral cell strand, and, (5) a delicate, investing membrane, the outer limiting membrane. It is roughly spindle-shaped in transverse section and extends from the first to the eighth abdominal segments.In the sexual differentiation of the genital rudiment the dorsal cell mass is retained as a definite embryonic rudiment in the female, but becomes an indistinguishable part of the central cell mass in the male.Ovarian development is initiated in the dorsal cell mass area, where cell aggregations are formed. Each aggregation is ultimately surrounded by the ingrowing outer limiting membrane to form distinct cellular columns. A latero-ventrad extension of this ingrowing process into the central cell mass continues the column formation process into the latter and results in the formation of a distally tapering structure composed of indifferent cells distad and germ cells and indifferent cells proximad. This structure constitutes the rudimentary ovariole which finally differentiates to form the terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium.The ovarian portion of the oviduct and the tubular connection between the ovariole and oviduct are differentiated from the ventral cell strand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050550305
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  • 7
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    The mesodermal relations of the pars buccalis of the hypophysis in the duck (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 611-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the cellular relations between the prechordal mesoderm and the hypophyseal analage in duck embryos from the first to the eighth day of incubation.At nineteen somites the ectoderm destined to form hypophysis is seen as a plate of cells lying under the mesodermal mass anterior to the notochord. It extends anteriorly in intimate contact with the base of the forebrain, and posteriorly for about the same distance to the oral membrane. Following the lateral growth of the prechordal mesoderm and the rapid overgrowth of the forebrain, Rathke's pouch is definitely outlined. The upward expansion of the pouch, concomitant with the lagging of some of the prechordal mesoderm in the midline, effects a very close relation between these cells and those at the tip of the pouch. With the lateral expansion of the premandibular head cavities, some of the mesoderm adheres to walls of Rathke's pouch in the form of rods or knobs. As development proceeds the inherent growth tendencies of ectoderm and mesoderm express themselves differently and the rods or knobs become constricted off from the pouch, forming in its vicinity vesicles which exhibit a definite lumen.The question of an entodermal contribution to the hypophysis in this form is briefly considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050550309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of chitin in an insect (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By treating the clean skeletal tissue of an insect with concentrated KOH at 160° C., the contained chitin is converted to chitosan, and all pigmentation and admixtures are removed. The per cent distribution of chitin, expressed as chitosan, in the exoskeleton of the cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, ranges from 37.65 in the dorsal abdomen to 18.22 in the hindwings. Other regions contain the following per cents: ventral abdomen, 37.11; metathoracic legs, 35.55; mesothoracic legs, 33.28; prothoracic legs, 32.24; pronotum, 31.55; head, 31.07; genitalia, 29.28; dorsal thorax, 29.07; ventral thorax, 28.33; antennae, 27.77; cerci, 25.65; and forewings, 19.99. Regional variations are constant in different individuals of the same species. The crop and gizzard contain 18.69 per cent; the hindgut, 18.15 per cent. The remainder of the alimentary tract contains no chitin. Traces of chitin are found in the trachea. No chitin is found in the egg-cases of this species. No correlation between chitin content and pigmentation or hardness is shown. Based on results from three trials, using thirty insects, the per cent of chitosan in the clean, dry chitinous material from the entire animal is 29.60; the per cent of chitosan based on the weight of the live animal averages 2.01.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050560104
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  • 9
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    Electronic Resource
    A study of the spermatozoon of the fowl, with particular reference to osmiophilic bodies in the sperm head (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 325-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to learn something of the nature of the bead-like bodies which occur in the head of the sperm of the fowl since it was found in a previous study that they are apparently affected in a characteristic manner by vitamin E deficiency.Staining tests indicate that these bodies are composed of fats and fatty acids since they respond to osmic acid and Nile blue sulphate. They are also impregnated with silver nitrate and hence may be associated with the so-called Golgi materials of the cell.The beads first appear as a complete single row but subsequently they undergo fragmentation and redistribution. The whole process is probably a final transitory step in sperm transformation.The presence of this fatty material may signify that the sperm of the fowl, in contrast to that of most other animals, carries a store of food material to support its activity after liberation. The sperm may also be the carrier of a definite amount of vitamin E. Furthermore, the presence of this material may offer an explanation of the high resistance of the testis of the fowl to vitamin E deficiency because, since this vitamin is fat soluble, the testis as a whole would probably receive a disproportionately large share of the vitamin E stores of the individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050560207
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  • 10
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    A cytological study on the liver of the rat, with special reference to the ‘intracellular blood canaliculi,’ inter- and intracellular bile canaliculi, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 407-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In sections from livers injected through the vascular system with Carter's carminegelatin or Berlin-blue gelatin masses at known, constant pressures, many cells were observed to contain ovoid or spherical bodies of the colored injection masses, similar to those described by Schäfer and his students, Herring and Simpson, as intracellular blood canaliculi.' In these livers practically all the cells were vacuolated. However, with livers injected with Berlin-blue gelatin mass dissolved in Locke's solution instead of distilled water, there were no intracellular masses and the cells appeared normal, though the sinusoids were completely filled with injection mass. The so-called ‘intracellular blood canaliculi’ described by Schäfer are interpreted as artefacts produced by a combination of factors, the most important of which is the difference in osmotic pressure. This is produced by the hypotonicity of the injection masses that are usually used, augmented perhaps by the effect of mechanical pressure used in administering the injection mass.Following impregnation of liver tissue by Golgi's rapid method, the usual network of intercellular bile canaliculi was revealed, but the presence of a permanent system of intracellular canaliculi was not observed. A few short, knobbed intracellular projections from the intercellular bile canaliculi were noticed; these probably represent the passage of secretion material into the intercellular bile canaliculi at the moment of excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050560211
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