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  • Articles  (5,253)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (2,039)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 45 (1960), S. 179-184 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand der GleichungfoE=K . cos n χ wird festgestellt, dass der Jahresgang der Mittagswerte in gemässigten Breiten durchn=1/4 beschrieben werden kann, der Tagesgang aber einen Exponenten 1/3 erfordert, und zwar für alle Breiten. Wir konnten frühere Feststellungen nicht bestätigen, wonach der Exponent systematische Veränderungen mit der Sonnenaktivität und der (geographischen) Breite erleiden soll. In gemässigten Breiten hatK einen Jahresgang, nicht jedoch am Äquator. Aufgrund dieser Resultate halten wir es für unmöglich, einen weltweiten «Ionisations-Index» aus den Beobachtungen von nur einem Ort zu bestimmen.
    Notes: Summary Applying the equationfoE=K. cos n χ it is found that whilst the seasonal variation of noon values at temperate latitudes can be described byn=1/4, the daily variation needs an exponent 1/3 and this for all latitudes. We have not been able to confirm former statements according to which the exponent should undergo systematic variations with solar activity and (geophysical) latitude. At temperate latitudesK has a seasonal variation but not at the equator. With respect to these results we feel that it is not possible to deduce a world-wide «ionization index» from the observations made at only one place.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 45 (1960), S. 199-214 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The linear scale is often used for frequency distributions of precipitation data. The statistical approach for these distributions is briefly discussed and compared with results obtained using a logarithmic scale. The latter permits a frequency analysis and resolution in partial collectives, which furnishes a more precise climatological description and understanding of precipitation frequency. Fifty years of Asheville, North Carolina, precipitation records (yearly, monthly, daily, six-hourly, hourly amount) serve as a sample.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 46 (1960), S. 11-22 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les valeurs moyennes (A) des aires diurnes des taches solaires à chaque année depuis 1878 augmentent plus rapidement du minimum vers le maximum de l'activité solaire que les nombres de Wolf correspondants (R). Elles diminuent aussi plus rapidement que les nombres de Wolf du maximum vers le minimum de l'activité solaire. La relation adoptée (A)=16.7 (R) ne s'applique pas avec une approximation satisfaisante que seulement pour les années voisines celle du maximum de l'activité solaire. L'auteur propose les relations: $$(A) = \left[ {a + b\cos ^2 k\frac{\pi }{{2{\rm T}_R }}} \right] \cdot (R)$$ pour les années qui précédent le maximum, $$(A) = \left[ {a + b\cos ^2 k\frac{\pi }{{2(11 - {\rm T}_R )}}} \right] \cdot (R)$$ pour les années qui suivent le maximum, oùa, b sont des constantes,T R le temps d'ascension du cycle correspondant exprimé en années et la parametrek prend la valeurk=0 à l'année du maximum de l'activité solaire etk=1, 2, 3 ... pour les années qui précédent et qui suivent celle du maximum. Les valeurs moyennes des aires diurnes des taches à chaque mois, suivent la même marche mais dans ce cas le rapportq=A∶R present des larges variations. Il oscille pourtant extre deux limites qui dependent du temps d'ascension.
    Notes: Summary Within each sunspot cycle the yearly means (A) of the daily sunspot areas increase faster than the corresponding sunspot numbers (R) from the minimum to the maximum of solar activity and then decrease also faster than these numbers till the next minimum. Relation (A)=16.7 (R), frequently used so far, is approximately valid only for the years in the vicinity of the sunspot maximum. Instead of that, author gives the relations: $$(A) = \left[ {a + b\cos ^2 k\frac{\pi }{{2{\rm T}_R }}} \right] \cdot (R)$$ for the years preceding the sunspot maximum, $$(A) = \left[ {a + b\cos ^2 k\frac{\pi }{{2(11 - {\rm T}_R )}}} \right] \cdot (R)$$ for the years following the sunspot maximum, wherea andb are constants,T R is the time of rise of the corresponding sunspot cycle expressed in years, andk takes the valuek=0 for the year of maximum solar activity andk=1, 2, 3, ... for the first, second, third ... year preceding or following that of maximum solar activity. The monthly means of the daily sunspot areas show a similar variation, but in this case the ratioq=A∶R varies with a greater amplitude both within each sunspot cycle and from cycle to cycle. The values ofq corresponding to all months of a given year in the sunspot cycle are contained between two limits depending on the time of rise.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The author describes a method of determining the size and shape of a gravitating disturbance, treated as a surface-reaching a) vertical cylinder, b) infinite parallelepipedon, when the local Bouguer anomaly field has a) radial symmetry, b) axial symmetry. He introduces the quantity which e. g. serves the purpose of distinguishing very easily between deepseated and shallow disturbances.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 46 (1960), S. 26-32 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A contribution to the theory of the galvanometric seismographs is given. Two new shaking tables are described and as an example aHiller-Askaniaseismograph is calibrated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Theorie der Pendel-Galvanometer-Seismographen (P. G.-Seismographen) ergänzt, eine neue Eicheinrichtung beschrieben und als Beispiel einHiller-Askania-Seismograph geeicht.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 46 (1960), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The general two-dimensional interpretation-problem of the seismic sounding is exactly solved and a simple example is given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird das ebene Interpretationsproblem der seismischen Lotung in einem zweiachsig inhomogenen Körper exakt gelöst und ein einfaches Beispiel gegeben.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 45 (1960), S. 273-297 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Ohms Law is used, mostly implicite, in so many calculations and theories of atmospheric electricity that it seems advisable to investigate its validity; this is tried from a theoretical point of view in the present paper. This results in a number of modifications of conceptions which were taken for granted so far. A part of atmospheric electric processes considered as stationary one up to now should be treatened with the more complicated methods valid for instationary phenomena. Furthermore it is shown that the common method of indirect measurement of air-earth current often fails. In some ranges esp. of measuring techniques the possibility of half-saturated currents should be taken into account. Other consequences will be treatened in two future papers.
    Abstract: Résumé La Loi d'Ohm est appliquée — souvent implicitement — dans beaucoup des calculations et théories de l'électricité atmosphérique. C'est pourquoi une recherche sur la validité fut considerée désirable; elle est tentée ici, d'un point de vue théorétique. II résulte que nombreuses idées, qui allaient sans dire, doivent être modifiées. Une partie des procédés électriques atmosphériques considérés comme stationnaires doit être traitée avec les méthodes plus compliquées valables pour les phénomènes non stationnaires. Aussi la méthode indirecte pratiquée si souvent pour des mesures du courant vertical n'est plus justifiée dans certains cas. Dans certains domaines il est nécessaire de considérer la possibilité que les courants soient demi-saturés. Autres conséquences seront traitées en future dans deux autres communications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ohmsche Gesetz ist, meistens implizit, in so vielen luft-elektrischen Berechnungen und Theorien enthalten, daß eine Untersuchung über seine Gültigkeit berechtigt erscheint; sie wird hier auf theoretische Weise versucht. Es ergeben sich eine Anzahl von Modifikationen bisher für selbstverständlich gehaltener Vorstellungen. So ist danach ein teil des bisher als stationär betrachteten Gebiets luftelektrischer Prozesse exakt nur mit den komplizierteren Verfahren zu behandeln, die für instationäre Vorgänge gelten. Ferner kann die häufig angewandte Methode der indirekten Vertikalstrombestimmung in vielen Fällen nicht mehr als richtig angesehen werden. In gewissen Bereichen vor allem der Meßtechnik ist u.U. ein Übergang in das halbgesättigte Gebiet zu berücksichtigen. Weitere Folgerungen sollen in zwei späteren Aufsätzen behandelt werden.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 46 (1960), S. 66-76 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Theories of hydraulic fracturing of wells are usually based upon a model of a well in which the latter is assumed to be equivalent to an infinitely long cylinder. In this fashion, the stress state induced by the pressure in the well turns out to be two-dimensional. This is certainly an oversimplification, and therefore a different model is proposed in the present paper. In this, we assume that the pressure in the well is equivalent to a spherical pressure center. The fracture condition is formulated and the model is applied to the calculation of underground stresses from well data.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 46 (1960), S. 47-65 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An experimental investigation was conducted over 6 widely different types of soil in order to gain some reliable information on the wave propagation properties relevant to seismic prospecting. The elastic constants of the surface layers were also found from the compressional and Rayleigh wave velocities. While the predominant frequencies of the compressional and Rayleigh waves both decrease with distance from the source, they are in most cases of the same order of magnitude. The amplitude of the particle velocity for the compressional wave was found to decrease inversely as the square of the distance, while that for the Rayleigh wave decreased more slowly; wide variations occur between different localities. The significance of these results to seismic prospecting instrumentation is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 46 (1960), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In vorliegender Arbeit wird über ergänzende photomikrographische, thermomagnetische und röntgenanalytische Untersuchungen zu den Ergebnissen vonLauterbach, Jubelt & Mitarbeitern berichtet. Es handelt sich hierbei um antigoritisierten Serpentinit mit eisenoxydhaltigen Zerrklüften. Einige strukturphysikalische Betrachtungen gelten den Antigoritisierungsvorgängen.
    Notes: Summary In this paper the results ofLauterbach, Jubelt & Others are completed by photomicrographic, thermomagnetic and X-ray investigations. The rock samples consists of antigoritisated serpentinite containing veins. The material of the veins consists of magnetite and ψ-Fe2O3. Some crystal physical considerations concerning the process of antigoritisation are represented.
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