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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (138)
  • Geothermics  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934  (141)
  • 1932  (96)
  • 1931  (45)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934  (141)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the nervous system as a possible factor in the regulation of ciliary activity of the lamellibranch gill (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 147-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Certain variations of ciliary activity in the lamellibranch gill occur which are an intrinsic part of the gill tissue and which are due to causes other than environmental changes. Experimental and morphological evidence indicates that the central nervous system is not involved in the production of these variations.A comparative study of laterofrontal and lateral ciliated cells leads to the conclusion that the coordination impulse passes through the cytoplasm of the cell and that the velocity of the propagation wave is influenced by the number of cell walls per unit length through which it passes. It is suggested that the ciliary rootlets in the laterfrontal cells, due to their arrangement bring the impulse simultaneously to both rows of cilia within a single cell.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    The spermiogenesis of Succinea ovalis say, with special reference to the components of the sperm (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 243-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation of the spermiogenesis of Succinea ovalis Say, a small terrestrial pulmonate, has revealed: 1) The germ cells are differentiated from indifferent germinal epithelial cells. In this form the germinal epithelium is a true epithelium, and not a syncytium. 2) Forty chromosomes are found in the spermatogonial divisions and twenty in the maturation divisions. 3) Early in spermiogenesis the proximal centriole penetrates through the spermatid nucleus and, with the oxychromatin, forms an intranuclear rod similar to that reported for certain prosobranches. The homology and significance of the rod are discussed. 4) Of the cytoplasmic structures, the mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus were followed through all stages of spermatogenesis. 5) At the maturation divisions the mitochondria are grouped into peculiar. thread-like structures. Some of the mitochondria take part in the formation of the sheath around the axial filament of the spermatozoon, while the remainder are sloughed off with the cytoplasmic remnant. 6) The Golgi apparatus consists of a number of banana-shaped rods closely grouped around the idiosome. Three to five Golgi rods are found in the spermatid stages. A portion of the Golgi apparatus and idisome (acroblast) forms the acrosome, and the Golgi remnant is discarded at the end of spermatogenesis. 7) In mature sperm both head and tail have a spiral structure. The origin and nature of the spirals are pointed out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510107
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  • 3
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    Blood formation in the african lungfish, under normal conditions and under conditions of prolonged estivation and recoveryThis paper was awarded the Virginia Academy of Science research prize for 1930. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 319-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The blood cells of the African lungfish, Protopterus ethiopicus, are very large and resemble those of urodeles. Leucocytes are especially plentiful and rich in variety, including eosinophils, special eosinophils, [meta-eosinophils] with atypical granules, monocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils.The chief hemocytopoietic organs are the spleen, intestine, and kidneys. The lungfish spleen, embedded in the wall of the stomach, represents an intermediate phylogenetic stage between the disperse intra-enteral type of the hagfish and the compact extra-enteral type of other vertebrates.Erythrocytes are formed in the spleen pulp, granulocytes in the granulocytopoietic organ of the intestine and in the capsules of kidneys, gonads, and spleen. Thrombocytes and monocytes are differentiated in the spleen and general circulation. Basophils arise in the spleen and intestine. Lymphoid cells of all types arise in the spleen. Evidence is presented bearing upon the hemocytopoietic capacity of the various types. Cells with [Russell bodies] also occur in the spleen.In lungfishes subjected to long periods of dry estivation, erythrocytopoiesis practically ceases. Granulocytes, however, appear to play an important rǒle, possibly in fat metabolism. The large variety of meta-eosinophils, a unique feature of the lungfish, appears to be associated with the habit of estivation.Recovery from estivation may show numerous amitoses of erythrocytes in the general circulation. Other cells which divide in this manner are young thrombocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid hemoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Notes on the postnuclear, acrosome-seat granules, and ‘vacuome’ in Desmognathus fusca spermatogenesis (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 597-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The acrosome in Desmognathus, Spelerpes, Plethodon, salamander, Amphiuma, etc., is attached to the nucleus in connection with an acrosome seat, which forms a shallow cup, traced back to a number of granules in the early spermatid. A postnuclear plate is present in the above-mentioned urodeles, and is derived from a small number of minute granules which assemble in the spermatid and become fixed onto the nuclear membrane. The centrosomes of the spermatid are visible intravitam. The ‘vacuome’ is formed of minute neutral-red-staining globules embedded in the idiozome. No connection appears to exist between mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as is postulated by the vacuome-chondriome hypothesis (Parat).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510209
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  • 5
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    Studies on the comparative histology of the digestive tube of certain teleost fishes II. A minnow (Campostoma anomalum)Studies from the Department of Zoölogy, The University of Nebraska, no. 168. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper presents a study of the normal histology of the digestive tract of an herbivorous teleost, the minnow Campostoma anomalum (Raflnesque). The tunics of the buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and intestine are described; particular attention is given to the mucosa because of the specializations occurring in that coat, such as taste buds, goblet cells, callous pad, etc. Because of the very decided anatomical and histological differences existing between the anterior and posterior regions of the pharynx, due to the presence of a callous pad and pharyngeal teeth, it has been deemed advisable to consider the pharynx as divisible into an anterior and a posterior region. Thyroid tissue was found in the submucosa of the anterior pharynx. No gastric epithelium was demonstrated, the ‘intestinal bulb,’ the only enlargement of the coelomic portion of the digestive tube, being lined with epithelium presenting only minor differences from that found in the coiled tubular intestine.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050520102
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  • 6
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530101
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  • 7
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    The histology of posterior regeneration in the polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatusThe material for this work was collected at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory during August, 1929; the subsequent work was completed in the Zoölogical Department, University of Chicago, Illinois, and the Anatomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California. The author wishes to thank Dr. F. R. Lillie for his assistance. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 23-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After amputation, the wound is closed by the protrusion and lateral expansion of the alimentary canal over the cut muscles and its final fusion with the epidermis laterally after about twenty-four hours. Associated with the expansion is a divergence of the two adjacent halves of the ventral nerve cord in the last remaining segment. As a result, the whole of the new regenerated lobe behind the ring of the cut epidermis is interneural; i.e., it is an enlargement of the normally small area separating the two nerve cords. Undifferentiated cells, or neuroblasts, are normally located interneurally, and during regeneration these neoblasts proliferate throughout the enlarged interneural zone of the papilla and migrate throughout the lobe. At first the neoblastic mesenchyme filling the lobe is loose and homogeneous, but as the cells settle down against the outer wall they replace the old intestinal cells and assume the characters of new epidermis. Internally, the mass acquires paired cavities, while the cells surrounding the cavities differentiate into muscle, peritoneum, etc. Thus one type of cell gives rise to the whole of the regenerated papilla. These cells are also the mother cells of the gametocytes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530103
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  • 8
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    Some cytoplasmic structures in the male reproductive cells of a pseudoscorpion (Chelanops corticis) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 97-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The chondriosomes of the germinal epithelium are vesicular, whereas the Golgi material takes three forms. The aggregation of chondriosomes about the Golgi cap, located on the nucleus, suggests a chemical interchange between these in the growth period. They become cylindrical as the Golgi cap moves from the nucleus and becomes spherical. It is at this time joined by other Golgi material. The entire aggregation is dispersed previous to the maturation divisions, where the inclusions studied are only approximately equally divided, in contrast to conditions in the true scorpion, Centrurus exilicauda. Golgi granules on chondriosomal surfaces in the spermatid again suggest chemical interchange. The later changes of chondriosome vesicles to discs, and back to spheres, may be means of regulating chemical reaction. A close relation between chondriosomes and Golgi material is indicated by various bodies, of Golgi origin, within the former in the spermatid. A thick thread finally originates from among the chondriosomes of the elongated sperm. Spiral threads surrounding the elongating nucleus arise from reunited Golgi material, a derivative of this substance not previously recorded. The acrosome, also of Golgi origin, undergoes several changes in shape and shows several parts. The elongated nucleus, spiral thread of Golgi origin, acrosome, chondriosomal thread, and unusually long axial filament become coiled and encysted in an oval mature sperm capsule. In the female duct the sperm uncoils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530105
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  • 9
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    Coordination of ciliary movement. II. The effect of temperature upon the ciliary wave lengthThe investigation has been made possible through funds granted by the Chemical Foundation and the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 265-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ciliary wave length is a constant in the temperature range of 10° to 30°C. and in Modiolus demissus has the average value of 13.1 μ. Comparison of these data for ciliary coordination with those of nerve conduction probably indicates that the two physiological processes possess certain properties in common. The cells which bear the cilia are 12.75 μ long and the variation in ciliary wave length and cell length is about the same, which may indicate a possible cytophysiological relationship between the two.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530204
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  • 10
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    Keimbahn determinants and continuity of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 345-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During oogenesis granular mitochondria become concentrated in the proximal portion of the oocyte and remain concentrated in the line of cells that gives rise to the germ cells. Two cells of characteristic structure, appearing at gastrulation one on either side in the mesoderm, contain this mitochondrial cloud. All functional germ cells seem to be lineal descendants of these two primordial germ cells. The cloud disappears during gonad formation, but reappears in oocytes of the next generation. Except during meiosis and fertilization the germ-cell cycle is traceable from fertilized egg to sexual maturity. Details of meiosis and chromosome number were not ascertained.Capacity for producing germ cells in Sphaerium is traceable from a definite region in the egg to primordial germ cells through a localized cloud of mitochondria in the mature ovum and certain cells of cleavage stages. Mitochondria, therefore, serve as a Keimbahn determinant in the sense that they mark a region of oocyte cytoplasm destined for cytoplasm of primordial germ cells. They are not considered causal factors in production of germ cells, but are probably storage products persisting unused in the egg and in cleavage cells having lower metabolic rates. Disappearance of these mitochondria during gonad formation is explained by their dispersal among a number of cells and by their utilization in furnishing energy and material for production of new cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530207
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  • 11
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530301
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  • 12
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    Polyploidy and metaphase patterns (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 443-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A cyst of tetraploid first spermatocyte metaphases is described in the coreid hemipter Archimerus alternatus (Say), all other divisions in the testis being of normal diploid constitution. The striking fact is that in spite of the doubling of their number the chromosomes closely follow the group pattern characteristic of the corresponding normal divisions. In the latter the first metaphase always shows a ring of six autosome bivalents with a single m-chromosome bivalent at its center and a single univalent X-chromosome lying outside the ring (as in coreids generally). In corresponding tetraploids the numbers are respectively 12, 2, and 2. Three additional interesting features of the tetraploids are: 1) the fact that the two m-bivalents are always lined up end to end to form an axial quadrivalent chain; 2) that although two X-chromosomes are present (as in the normal female), they are never united to form a bivalent as in that sex; and, 3) that in the prophases (of which a few are present in the cyst), at least one pycnotic X, or chromosome nucleolus, is present.A critical discussion is offered of the general problem of the mechanism of chromosome movements and groupings, together with a review of recent literature. The conclusion is urged that the chromosomes themselves play an active and important part in these processes, and the possible genetic relations between chromosomes and spindle substance are discussed.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530302
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  • 13
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    Observations on the life history of a fingernail shell of the genus SphaeriumContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratory of the University of Illinois, no. 429. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 473-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By statistical analysis and microscopical examination of a series of monthly quantitative collections, an attempt has been made to interpret the life history and reproductive habits of Sphaerium solidulum, one of the numerous species of the genus Sphaerium.Individuals of the species under observation have a distinctly limited life span of approximately one year. The period of maximum reproduction of this species does not occur in the summer months, as previously believed, but in the winter months. Seasonal growth rings are not present on this shell, although concentric lines are characteristic. No individuals of maximum size were present during the months from August to February. Maximum-size adults are apparently sterile. The analysis of distribution curves of each quantitative sample indicates two size groups in each collection as shown by the bimodal character of each graph. Distribution curves of embryos feature the bimodal character of the young and adult. The conclusions are founded on data secured from twelve monthly collections made from the same habitat totaling 7022 individuals.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530303
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  • 14
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    The embryology of amphioxus (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 69-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although the egg of Amphioxus is much more fluid and less stereotyped than that of Ascidians, the poles, axes, and localizations of formative materials are much the same in the two. The spermatozoon enters near the vegetative pole and a peripheral layer of granular cytoplasm flows to this pole and later forms a crescent around the posterior side parallel to the first cleavage amphiaster; this is the mesodermal crescent. On the anterior side a similar area later gives rise to the chorda-neural crescent. Above these crescents is the ectodermal area, below them the endodermal area. The early cleavages divide these crescents and areas just as in Ascidians. The coeloblastula is at first spherical, but later flattens in the region of the mesodermal crescent; this flattening extends forward on the vegetative side to the chorda-neural crescent, where the invagination is sharpest. The blastopore is at first triangular in outline, the dorsal lip being formed by the chorda-neural crescent and the lateral lips by the mesodermal crescent. Later the chorda and the mesodermal crescents are infolded, the lateral lips fuse to form the ventral lip which grows dorsalward, the blastopore becomes wider from right to left than dorsoventrally, the gastrula elongates and in the angles between dorsal and ventral lips the mesodermal crescent forms the mesodermal grooves in the lateral walls of the gastrocoel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050540103
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  • 15
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    Observations upon the American representative of macrostomum tuba (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: What appears to be a variety of Macrostomum tuba has been described in this paper. There is but a single retinula in each eye. This visual cell displays three regions: rhabdome, ellipsoid, and myoid, as does a vertebrate's retinula. Moreover, the accessory pigment associated with the retinula of M. tuba is applied to the rhabdome and not to the ellipsoid and myoid; this likewise is similar to the distribution of the pigment about the vertebrate's retinula. An analogy, therefore, may be drawn between the visual cell of the rhabdocoele and that of the vertebrate. This is so strong as to suggest homology. Several features peculiar to this variety are: first, the chitinous, distal ring of the penis; second, the fact that shell and yolk droplets seem to be elaborated by each cell destined to become an oocyte.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050540107
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  • 16
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    A comparison between the ultraviolet microscopy and the Feulgen staining of certain cells (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 189-199 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes ultraviolet (λ = 2750 A) photomicrographs of resting and dividing chicken macrophages and fibroblasts and of erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The structures found in these photographs are compared with the ones brought out in fixed material by Feulgen staining and found to be essentially similar in appearance. A preliminary series of ultraviolet pictures is also shown of a single fibroblast passing through several of its stages of division.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530107
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  • 17
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    Coordination of ciliary movement. I. Methods of study and the relation of ciliary coordination to ciliary inhibitionThe investigation has been made possible through funds granted by the Chemical Foundation and the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 243-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A simply constructed apparatus, which includes a cinema camera, is described for the recording of ciliary movements. From data for Modiolus demissus obtained by this method, it is concluded that the coordinating impulse is a propagated impulse which regulates the temporal and spatial relationships of ciliary contractility, that this impulse has to a certain degree a determinant effect upon ciliary inhibitory influences so that the area rendered inactive is a multiple of the ciliary wave length, that the coordinating impulse is transmissible through cells bearing quiescent cilia, and that it may act as a stimulus of sufficient strength actually to cause quiescent cilia to become active.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530203
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  • 18
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    Comments on the origin of the midgut in insects (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 433-441 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Reviews the question of the origin of the midgut of insects with its diverse appearances and interpretations. Without doubt the midgut epithelium in some insects is derived from the lower layer, but in other insects from the tips of the stomodaeal and proctodaeal invaginations. The question of its origin seems to be “a function of the position within the whole,” and best understood from a standpoint of the time of determination of the parts involved. Maps illustrating the prospective significances of the principal types are included and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530211
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  • 19
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    Studies on the life cycle of the snail, Viviparus contectoidesContributions from the Zoölogical Laboratory of the University of Illinois, no. 428. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 499-522 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: More than 3700 individuals of Viviparus contectoides from the Illinois River, near Peoria, Illinois, and from the Erie Canal in central New York, have been the subject of statistical and biological analysis as periodic quantitative samples to secure information on the life cycle. Sexes are easily distinguished through tentacular differences. Shells show marked sex dimorphism of size. Males reach a maximum height of 25 mm.; females may exceed 40 mm. Distribution curves, checked by experimental data on another species of the same genus, give evidence that males live normally about one year, while females may live three years. Differences in sex ratio are attributable to differences in life span and to changes in environmental factors producing aggregations of members of one sex.In central New York, the parturition period seems to begin to March and terminates in June. In central Illinois it extends from February into May. The uterus of a gravid female contains eggs, embryos, and shelled young in a graded series. At birth, the young shell contains one and one-half whorls and has a height of approximately 3.8 mm. Color bands are present on the shell three months before birth. Initial growth rate is extremely rapid. In less than three months the largest of the new generation are as large as the smallest of the parent generation. Graphs given show seasonal changes in the population.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530304
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  • 20
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    The development of the prechordal plate and mesoderm of amblystoma punctatum (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 1-67 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the development of the prechordal plate and mesoderm of Amblystoma punctatum from the late yolk-plug stage to the stage of about nineteen somites.In the earliest stage described the prechordal plate is embedded in the roof of the archenteron and flanked on both sides by prechordal mesoderm with which it is fused. The characteristics and limits of the prechordal plate and mesoderm are discussed and the fate of both traced. It is demonstrated that the mesodermal cores of the mandibular arches are probably largely derived from the prechordal mesoderm which flanks the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is later separated out of the roof of the foregut in a caudocephalic direction, giving rise to a median mass of mesoderm which expands laterally independently of the mandibular portions of the prechordal mesoderm to give rise to head mesenchyme lying largely anterior to the level of the hyoid arch. The expansion of this mesoderm is followed in some detail.The boundary between prechordal and notochordal regions is placed at approximately the boundary between the mandibular and hyoid arches.The question of the interpretation of the prechordal region is briefly discussed.
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    A contribution to the embryology of sciara (diptera)I am greatly indebted to Dr. C. W. Metz for advice and helpful criticism and take this opportunity to express my gratitude to him. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 161-195 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The history of the germ cells in the viviparous teleost platypoecilus maculatus (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 115-153 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study is based upon a series of ontogenetic stages from just before coelom formation to maturity.Primordial germ ceils are first seen at the outer edge of the lateral mesoderm and are traced from there to a position in the genital analagen. Counts indicate that most of them succeed in reaching the genital anlagen, where they from definitive reproductive cells in both sexes.The evidence seems to show that there is some transformation of somatic cells into germ cells in the immature female, but that this transformation is not extensive. In the male the primordial germ cells are the sole source of the definitive elements.
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    The development of the carp, cyprinus carpio. I. The larval life of the carp, with special reference to the development of the intestinal canal (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 217-231 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The detailed spawning habits and hatching period are described. The larval period is divided into the inactive, when the yolk is the source of food, and the active period, when food is captured. The rate of growth and transformation of the larvae into fry is described.The cell formation passes into a syncytial period, when there are produced many nuclei without cytoplasm.c division. Around these nuclei, the cytoplasm collects to give rise to more cells. The method by which mucous cells are produced is described and also the presence of secretion masses in both the mucous cells and the syncytium of the mucosa.
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    The development and the regeneration of the color pattern in brachydanio rerio (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 513-523 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The teleost fish Brachydanio rerio is strikingly marked with longitudinal black stripes, which extend into the caudal fin and across the anal fin. Removal of the anal fin is followed by complete regeneration of the fin and of its normal color pattern. Microphotographic studies show that melanophores are at first uniformly distributed in the regenerating tissue and that later the melanophores disintegrate in the zone of the future light stripe and increase in the region of the future dark stripe. Observations on the normal development of the fin where the history of the individual melanophores has been followed show the same mode of formation of the stripes.
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    Masthead (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    History of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.) (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 545-595 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Study of living and sectioned material throughout the life cycle shows the germ-cell history from fertilized egg to sexual maturity. This can be divided into the following five periods with definite limits: Original appearance during cleavage, period of inactivity, period of multiplication, maturation, and fertilization. Primordial germ cells of characteristic structure can be recognized just before gastrulation, when there is one large germ cell in the mass of mesoderm on either side of the blastocoel. After one division in each of these two cells, the four daughter cells remain inactive, while the remainder of the mesoderm differentiates, until division is resumed in the developing gonad. An indefinite number of gametes is produced. All are direct descendants of the two original primordial germ cells. Transformation of somatic cells into germ cells does not occur nor do germ cells become somatic cells. Cell lineage shows the two primordial germ cells to be derived from the third division of the paired mesoderm cells which have arisen by an equal division of the fourth micromere produced by cell D of the four-cell stage. Details of meiosis have not been ascertained, because of the small size of the chromosomes, their large number, and the difficulty of fixation. Nothing forecasts which primordial germ cells will become ova and which spermatozoa.
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    Cytoplasmic structures in binucleate opalinids, with special reference to the Golgi apparatusThis investigation was carried out with the aid of the Cancer Research and Treatment Fund. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 27-45 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three types of cell inclusions are demonstrated within the general protoplasm of the binucleated Protoplina, parasites of Hyla aurea. These are considered to represent mitochondria, together with associated, synthesized vegetative granules and Golgi bodies, as evidenced by their behavior, morphology, and staining reactions.The Golgi material is shown to consist of irregularly twisted rods and granules scattered at random in the cytoplasm, but possessing a very distinctive morphology and reaction to different techniques when compared with the mitochondria. No relationship could be detected between these vegetative structures and the cilia, as has been previously described.These observations have also been extended to a similar study of the cytoplasmic organs of Nyctotherus cordiformis, and it has been possible to demonstrate Golgi bodies of a similar appearance within this organism as well as to show again the nature of the basal granules and their relationship to the cilia.The procedure of identifying the mitochondria elements with great care is recommended as a preliminary means of studying the Golgi apparatus of Protozoa, particularly where osmication techniques are used exclusively.
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    The intranuclear deutoplsmThe terms deutoplasm and yolk are used in this paper, as they seem to be generally used by turbellarian workers, to denote material that is used as food material by the developing organism and which, with ordinary stains and technique, reacts like yolk. It should be understood that no specific chemical tests for yolk have been empolyed in this work. and the origin of gametes in the turbellarian Prorhynchus applanatus Kennel (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 233-247 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It is shown that in Prorhynchus applanatus there exists a type of yolk elaboration which has hitherto not been reported. Formation is within the nucleus through the growth and fusion of nucleoli, but the yolk globule becomes larger than the original nucleolus. The developing individual utilizes the food material contained in the yolk cells in the following order: (1) cytoplasm of the yolk cell, (2) yolk bodies contained in this cytoplasm, (3) intranuclear yolk, (4) nucleoplasm. It is also shown that the germ cells in this form arise from the endoderm by diapedesis, but that the yolk cells are mesenchymal in origin. The sequence of formation of male and female gametes precludes the possibility of the presence of sex hormones such as are found in higher forms.
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    A comparative study of the chromosomes of rodentsContribution from the Department of Zoölogy, University of Texas. This work was done under the direction of Dr. T. S. Painter, to whom the writer wishes to express his obligation and appreciation. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 373-401 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A comparative study has been made of fifteen species and subspecies of rodents to determine the range in number and variation in morphology of their chromosomes. The number range is between 40 and 86±, with an average number for known species of 52. In the family of Cricetidae there is little variation in chromosome number and a general similarity of the chromosomes. In the Muridae the range for known species is 40 to 42, but the chromosome morphology even of subspecies may be quite different. In Sciuridae a range of 48 to 62 has been found in different species. The greatest range in number is found in the Heteromyidae, 44 and 86± chromosomes having been found in two species. It is concluded that the stem number for rodents is close to 48 and that fragmentation and fusion account for variation in numbers, and these affect the morphology of the chromosomes. The evidence also indicates that variations in morphology are due to translocations and inversions, and possibly deletions accompanied by translocations.
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    The distribution of sperm-forming materials in scorpions (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 429-483 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are in scorpions two sharply contrasting types in respect to the mode of distribution of the chondriosomes to the sperm cells. In one of these the chondriosomes, spheroidal in form and nearly definite in number, are sorted out whole without division during the spermatocyte divisions, their number being thus reduced successively to one-half and one-fourth. This type occurs in Opisthacanthus, Hadrurus, Vejovis, Euscorpius, and Palamnaeus. In the other, as yet known only in Centrurus, all the chondriosomes fuse during the spermatocyte growth period to form a single ring-shaped body; and this, during the two ensuing mitoses, is accurately divided into two, four, and eight equal parts, of which each spermatid receives two. In both types alike the chondrioma is thus distributed very nearly equally to the sperm cells, but by widely contrasting processes; and in both types the spermatid chondriosomes are drawn out to form the sheath of the axial filament in the sperm tail. In Opisthacanthus there are indications of a definite process of dictyokinesis during the spermatocyte divisions.These facts are discussed in the light of the general history of the chondriosomes in other animals, with especial reference to more general problems of cell division. The present vagueness and uncertainty of our knowledge of cell division and differentiation are emphasized.
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    Polymorphism among the subgenera of nasutitermes (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 593-607 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study is concerned with the interrelationship existing among the polymorphie soldier castes of six representative subgenera of the genus Nasutitermes. By measurements of anatomical parts and camera-lucida drawings, an attempt has been made to compare these particular subgenera on a basis of gradual divergence of certain structures. For this purpose a series of tables was compiled in which apparently unstable structures were compared to a relatively stable figure in all available species of the selected subgenera.According to my findings, it was concluded that there is no strict correspondence between the major, intermediate, and minor castes of different subgenera of the genus Nasutitermes. Particular reference is made to the work of N. Holmgren ('12) and to that of J. S. Huxley on heterogonic growth.
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    The distribution of the branchial nerve in Mytilus edulis and its relation to the problem of nervous control of ciliary activity (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 195-205 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The branchial nerve of Mytilus edulis, traced by means of serial sections, has been found to be limited entirely to the epithelial and connective tissues bordering the axis of the gills. Most of the numerous branches which originate from the branchial nerve extend posteriorly and lie close to the interfibrillar matrix of the connective tissue which supports the epithelium of this region. Fibers of these nerves have been traced to this epithelium.The chitinous supporting structures of the gills lie in close proximity to these nerves, yet neither nerves nor nerve fibers have been observed to penetrate them. Moreover, a careful study of the gill tissues fails to reveal the presence of structures which might be interpreted as nerves or nerve fibers.Since no innervation of the gills has been demonstrated, it seems probable that the ciliary activity of the gill epithelium is not regulated by means of fibers connected with the central nervous system.
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    The morphology of Spironympha, with a description of a new species from reticulitermes hesperus Banks (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 291-307 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spironympha is discussed as valid genus. It was described by Koidzumi ('16); later it was redescribed by the same author as Microspironympha ('21). Therefore, according to the rules of nomenclature, it is Spironympha.The genus is compared with the related genera: Spirotrichonympha, Holomastigotes, and Microjoenia.Spironympha is characterized by four flagellar bands which are spirally wound around the anterior part of the body; these bands occur only in the anterior end, whereas in Spirotrichonympha they extend almost to the posterior end. The parabasals are few in number, and they are attached to the basal granules of the flagellar bands; the anterior end is clear and almost free from cytoplasmic granules; and there are twenty to thirty anterior flagella which are attached to the base of the centroblepharoplast or to the basal granules of the flagellar bands. An axostyle is present.No centrosome occurs within the nucleus, but the centroblepharoplast has this kinetic function.Spironympha ovalis is described as a new species. It is ovoid; the average size is 38 μ to 44 μ. An axostyle is present. The host is Reticulitermes hesperus Banks.
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    The embryogeny of the Polyctenid, Hesperoctenes fumarius Westwood, with reference to viviparity in insects (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 1-117 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four functional types of viviparity are recognized, and the last, pseudoplacento viviparity, is illustrated by a review of the embryogeny of a species of Polyctenidae. This insect normally has ten embryos in the reproductive tract in successive stages of development. The problem of fertilization is discussed, for there seems to be no spermatheca and spermatic clumps are present in the haemocoel. No organ of Berlese can be found. One, apparently a nymph, when sectioned revealed spermatozoa in even greater abundance than the mature females. Four to six of her offspring would seem to be paedogenetic.Females liberate ova that are yolk-free, and no chorion is secreted about them. Blastomeres are distinct, the embryonic envelopes are formed as usual, and hemipteran embryology occurs. The trophserosa functions until blastokinesis takes place, when the pleuropodial extensions evaginate and encompass the embryo which now lies in a pleuropodial cavity. The pleuropodia function as Lutrient organs, or psedoplacenta, until shortly before birth. At birth the embryo is a little more than one-third the adult body length and bears strongly developed setae.
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    The labyrinth of bufo vulgaris japonicus larva. Especially, upon the morphologic study of the perilymphatic space, in connection with the membranous labyrinth and auditory capsule (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 207-242 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A morphologic study of the labyrinth, especially on the perilymphatic space with its physiologic aspect, is presented in this paper. The perilymphatic space starts its development with the chondrification of the auditory capsule, and is completed by the end of the first third of metamorphosis. The author divides the whole spatium into two parts: the ductus perilymphaticus et diverticula and the pars spongiosa spati perilymphatici. The ductus perilymphaticus et diverticula may play an important rǒle in carrying out the functions of both equilibrium and audition. The pars spongiosa serves not only to fasten the membranous labyrinth to the capsular wall, but acts as a safeguard for the functions of both the membranous labyrinth and the ductus perilymphaticus et diverticula. The ductus system may have more important physiologic relations than does the membranous labyrinth in connection with the cranial cavity and spinal cord, as to the change of pressure, the transmission of vibrations, the osmosis of fluids, etc. A number of microscopic and schematic figures are shown with reference to the anatomic and morphologic relations of the membranous labyrinth, auditory capsule, and spatium perilymphaticum.
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    Observations on the ‘renal-portal’ perfusion in etherized birds (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 309-318 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This investigation was made to demonstrate the direction of the current of a perfusing fluid (hence that of blood in nature) inside the so-called [renal-portal] vein of birds and to determine if this vein has any fine capillaries in the kidney substance. A domesticated male duck was anaesthetized with ether, and a warm saline (mixed with a little urea and urine) was passed through the aorta. The [renal-portal] vein was also perfused with the same fluid through the left internal iliac vein. At first the kidneys actively secreted semisolid urine, but gradually the strength of the latter varied from a milky to a watery fluid.Later, a warm carmine solution was perfused through the left internal iliac vein, and the path of the dye could be easily traced along the whole length of the left renal afferent (left [renal-portal] vein) and its final exit through the postcaval vein. The posterior lobe of the left kidney was partially tinged with red, probably due to diffusion, since the kidney substance should have taken a uniform red hue if there was any definite capillary system. The coccygeomesenteric vein contained no dye.These results (coupled with actual caliber measurements of the two [renal-portal] veins in duck and pigeon examined, the calibers of these veins increasing gradually posteroanteriorly) indicate that: 1) blood flows anteriorly in the [renal-portal] vein; 2) this vein does not break up into capillaries in the kidney substance, but receives larger affluent veins; 3) there is no [renal-portal] system in birds; 4) the urine secreted by birds is always semisolid.
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    Life cycle, sex differentiation, and testis development in Melanoplus differentialis (Acrididae, Orthoptera) (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 467-525 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The general morphological and histological evidence accumulated by this study suggests the following facts: 1Under out-of-door conditions, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, embryonic development begins at deposition and continues to the middle or late spring, when hatching occurs. The postembryonic development is completed during the summer. Copulation and oviposition occur in the late summer and early fall.2The embryonic development may be divided as follows: aThe prerevolution period, in which the rudiments of organs and systems are formed.bThe early-revolution period, during which the direction of the embryo in the egg is reversed.cThe late-revolation period, or time of yolk circumcrescence and completion of the dorsal wall of the embryo.dThe postrevolution period. comprising development from yolk engulfment to hatching.3The sexes are differentiated during the early- and late-revolution periods.4In the differentiation of the genital rudiments, a) the germ cells are segregated into groups; b) and indifferent mesodermal element grows in among the germ cells of such a group; c) the processes of this cell (the apical cell) form intimate connections with the processes of connective-tissue elements surrounding the germ-cell group; and, d) the covering membrane of the genital rudiment grows in between the various germ-connective-tissue cell groups, completing the rudiment of the follicle.5When the adult condition is reached the testis is functionally differentiated.
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    The vacuome of the flagellate Chlamydomonas (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 527-543 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A vacuome (‘Golgi apparatus’) consisting of small globular inclusions has been demonstrated in Chlamydomonas sp. These inclusions may be seen in the living, unstained organism; they are stainable vitally with neutral red; they have been stained vitally with neutral red and then blackened with osmic vapor under direct observation, and they have been impregnated by osmic and silver methods without previous treatment with neutral red.The reaction of these inclusions to the iodin test for starch suggests that they may play some rǒle, possibly one of storage, in the cycle of starch metabolism.
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    A microscopical study of glochidial immunityContribution no. 170. Published by permission of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. Acknowledgment is due the staff of the Fairport Biological Station for many helpful courtesies extended during the prosecution of this inquiry. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 367-379 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glochidial cysts on the gills of immune fishes form in the same manner as normal ones, but they tend to grow larger and become more irregular. The increased thickness is due to additional cellular connective tissue in the wall. The gill tissue indicates the existing biological incompatibility only by the presence of eosinophiles, extruded chromatin spherules, and eosinophilic plastids.In natural, or racial immunity many glochidia are promptly destroyed by cytolysis, accompanied by an invasion of host cells. These disintegrating glochidia may occur in close proximity to unaffected glochidia and apparently are merely less resistant individuals that succumb to a critically adjusted reaction.In both natural and acquired immunity the normal retention of glochidia and the accompanying metamorphosis are replaced by premature shedding. After the first day, the cyst thins by the removal of stroma cells back into the filament until the wall is reduced to a thin envelope. Both intact and destroyed glochidia, and apparently their cyst coverings, are sloughed at about the second day. Repair of the resulting notched filament is prompt.
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    The effects of x-rays on regeneration in Tubifex TubifexThis investigation is one of the studies upon effects of radiation upon regeneration in progress in the department of Zoölogy at the University of Missouri, assisted by grants to W. C. Curtis from the Committee on Effects of Radiation of the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 389-431 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Posterior regeneration in Tubifex is inhibited by suitable radiation with x-rays. Only a small knob is formed at the cut surface by rearrangement of the terminal region of the old body tissues. Location of the cut within the segment and repeated removals of segments within the posterior three-fourths of the body do not change this result. The worms are as though ‘castrated’ against regeneration. Normal worms regenerate readily under similar conditions and replace lost segments within thirty-five days. Mesodermal tissues in normal regenerating Tubifex are formed from neoblasts, which arise from peritoneal cells upon the posterior faces of septa near the cut, migrate to this wound surface, and differentiate into new structures. After radiation no neoblasts arise from peritoneal cells and there is no mesodermal regeneration. No changes, other than failure to form neoblasts, can be observed in the peritoneal cells. Migrating neoblasts are destroyed within a few hours by similar radiation.Epithelial tissues are also affected by x-rays, as shown by absence of mitoses and failure of regeneration in ectodermal and endodermal epithelia. During normal regeneration cells which form these epithelia and certain muscle fibers arise by proliferation from the epidermis and intestinal lining in the regenerating region, as shown by numerous mitoses in these layers. Failure of regeneration in radiated worms is thus related to lack of cells which are present in normal regeneration.
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    A study of the cytoplasm in insect ova (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 523-591 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of the ova of ten species of insects, distributed among the Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, and Neuroptera, has been studied. The Golgi bodies and chondriosomes were traced. They increase in number by fragmentation, but whether they may also arise de novo was not determined. They play no visible part in the formation of yolk or fat or any other structures or substances. Fat and yolk apparently arise independently in the cytoplasm. Vacuoles, which may stain with neutral red, may be present, but they are independent of the Golgi bodies. There is no vacuome in the sense in which Parat and others use the term. The Golgi bodies and chondriosomes are interpreted as substances rather than structures and as intermediate products of metabolism. Other bodies of unknown nature and function are present. The yolk nucleus of Gelastocoris is interpreted as a synthetic center.
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050540101
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    Embryology and life history of chaetopleura apiculata (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The breeding season of Chaetopleura apiculata begins about June 20th to June 25th and continues until about October 1st. Spawning takes place in the early evening, 8 to 11 O'clock. The cleavage and early development are strikingly similar to that of Ischnochiton as described by Heath, and is typically molluscan. The egg is enclosed in a bristly chorion from which it hatches after twenty-five to thirty hours. The larva is a large opaque trochophore which gradually transforms into a veliger larva by the development of the shell and foot. It settles to the bottom and metamorphoses into the adult form after six to ten days. It becomes sexually mature in one year and is full grown in three or four years, when it measures 29 × 18 mm. or less.
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    The spermatogenesis of the mouse (mus musculus, var. albula) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 54 (1932), S. 197-220 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The previously reported diploid number of forty chromosomes has been verified; the sex chromosomes have been shown to exist early in the growth period and to be of the X-Y type; and a chromosome-nucleolus has been described in the resting stage of the primary spermatocytes which persists throughout synapsis and divides at the time of diakinesis into two parts that are equal in size and are thought to be the largest pair of autosomes. The diakinetic bivalents have been described rather fully. These are short and heavy and assume a great variety of shapes, the most characteristic of which are ring, V, Y, cross, and hexagonal. The union of bivalents during diakinesis has been shown to be an intimate one; in every instance first chromomere unites with first chromomere or third chromomere with third chromomere. This is considered to be significant evidence of the allelomorphism of chromomeres in mammals.
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    Chromosome studies. II. Synapsis in the Tettigidae, with special reference to the presynapsis splitContribution no. 121 from the Department of Zoölogy, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 119-145 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Homologous chromosomes entering parasynapsis are already split. This split evidently originates in each chromosome in the resting period prior to the last spermatogonial division. In the prophase of this division the daughter chromonemata in each halfchromosome were probably incompletely separated, but the succeeding telophase effects the completion of their separation. These processes are accompanied and suceeded by an elongation, straightening, and general paralleling of the split threads and by an elongation of the cell and its nuclear space.Parasynapsis begins with intimate approximation of the daughter threads in each homologue and is continued by approximation of the homologues at the usual [bouquet] and [zygotene] periods. There results the [diplotene] thread, which therefore consists of four completely distinct strands, but which exhibits a [two-strand] appearance due to parasynapsis between daughter chromonemata being further advanced than that between homologues.The pairing process begins at the distal ends and proceeds proximally. With parasynapsis complete, the nucleus enters the [diffuse] stage On emergence, disjunction is seen to have progressed from the distal ends to near the proximal ends in each pair and the [tetrads] have taken form. In the prephase that follows each strand in a tetrad may [crimp] independently, and with the condensation and matrix (?) formation that accompany it there results the spermatocyte ‘tetrad.’
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    Masthead (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The evolutional significance of the chromosomes of Aphididae (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 373-433 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation into the number of chromosomes in thirty-seven species of Aphidiae belonging to twenty-seven geaera has shown that there is but one sex chromosome in the male cells of all but one species of Aphididae. That exceptional species is Euceraphis betulae Koch.The number of chromosomes and body characters are so closely correlated that we can safely judge the evolutional scale of any aphid by its number of chromosomes.In Aphididae the least number of chromosomes seems to be the most primitive.The number of chromosomes varies with the genera. The highest number is 1811 + X = 37 chromosomes, the lowest being 211 + X = 5 (diploid in male).The increase in the number of chromosomes seems to have been brought about by transverse divisions of the primitive chromosomes.The genus Tuberolachnus with 311 + X = 4 elements (♂) represents altogether different chromosomes characters from the genus Pterochlorus with 8 elements.In the genera Periphyllus and Calaphis there are species with a small m-element which is bivalent.
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    The effects of vitamin-E deficiency on the development of the chickContribution no. 406 from the Zoölogical Laboratory, University of Illinois. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 47-89 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In an investigation of the hatchability of eggs from hens fed on a diet deficient in vitamin E Card found that all embryos from these eggs died during development. Study of these chicks showed that a variety of conditions were responsible for death:During early development the rate of growth and differentiation was definitely slower than under normal conditions, but malformations were rare. Some embryos died during the first two days, due to disintegration of the circulatory system or its failure to become established. At the end of the fourth day there was a definite critical period which few specimens survived and by this time distinet pathological conditions had arisen in extra-embryonic structures. These involved wiping out of the vitelline circulation by establishment of a lethal ring in the blastoderm. This structure was produced by intensive cell proliferation in the mesoderm which resulted in choking out vitelline blood vessels and their subsequent degeneration. It also caused obliteration of the exocoele, with consequent failure of the allantois to expand. In addition, many embryos showed profuse haemorrage into the exocoele. The source of bleeding was most frequently in the atrium of the heart, and at the actual rupture peculiar cells occurred which were probably histiocytic mesenchyme cells.Although death was due directly to causes enumerated above, the ultimate responsibility rests upon conditions set up by them, namely: starvation, asphyxiation, and loss of the medium (blood) by which to carry on metabolic exchange.
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    Recovery from immersion in water. An index of metabolism and the condition of the gonads in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Popillia japonica Newm. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 435-465 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In some insects the selection of individuals which recover in equal periods of time from immersion in water may be used to obtain material of approximately uniform physiological state; Drosophila melanogaster, Meigen, was found to have a mean of recovery for the males 0.97 ± 0.542 minute later than the females, which would indicate a lower metabolic rate for the males. The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newm., was found to have a mean of recovery from immersion in water of both sexes the same in August, while in September the males were retarded by 8.1 as compared with females. This would indicate that the males have and equal me abolic rate in August with the females and a lower rate in September. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen produce in the flies a condition of asphyxiation similar to immersion in water. [Vestigial] flies recover from immersion in water in a fashion similar to ‘wild’ flies.The recovery periods from immersion in water in the flies can be used to group individuals into those possessing approximately equal egg-laying capacities and to isolate spent individuals from others still capable of laying eggs. Yeast appears to be more of a stimulant to egg laying than it is to larval growth. Groups of flies which were fed yeast were found to average 71 per cent increase in egg laying over groups of flies that were not fed yeast. The O2 consumption of the groups of flies actively laying eggs, as contrasted with the groups which were not so active, was found in the former to be 32.9 per cent greater.
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    Masthead (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    A study of living sperm cells of certain grasshoppers by means of the ultraviolet microscope (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 91-113 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper discusses very briefly the ultraviolet microscope and the developments which have led to a successful technique for optically sectioning living cells; also the ultraviolet photomicrographs of living sperm cells of certain grasshoppers, which show clearly the spinning out of the chromonema from solid blocks of the diatene stage, the pairing of same in the leptotene stage, the development of the tetrads, the final distribution of the chromosomes in the resulting spermatids and their return to a spiral chromonema, each inclosed in its own vesicle. The details of the cytoplasm are equally well brought out.
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    Thermal relationships in the neutral-red reaction (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 165-194 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Neutral-red staining in Daphnia, legume seeds, starfish eggs, and Palaemonetes shows reactions to temperature changes which may be correlated with the thermal reactions of enzymes.
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    Masthead (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Vertebrate cephalogenesis. VI. A. The velum - its in head building - the hyoid. The Velata. The origin of the vertebrate head skeleton. B. Myxinoid characters inherited by the teleostomi (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 309-371 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The oldest parts of the fibrous, cartilaginous, and bony head skeleton of vertebrates descend from the amphioxid ancestors of the myxinoid fishes. The skeleton of the velum and jaw bars of the amphioxids transform into the jaw apparatus and hyoid-velar head skeleton of the myxinoids, and some parts are passed on by inheritance to the teleostome fishes (sturgeons). These anatomical characters prove descent with modification. The theory of the origin of jaws and hyoid from branchial cartilages is not supported by the facts, as both jaws and hyoid structures were developed long before branchial cartilages furnished material for head building. The Velata, the oldest of living vertebrates, include the amphioxids and marsipobranchs, and are marked off from the higher forms by the important organ, the velum, which separates the prebranchial from the branchial head. A remnant of the velum inherited by all of the higher vertebrates is the hyoid mechanism - an important anatomical landmark.
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    The ontogenetic history of the mitochondria of the hepatic cell of the white rat (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 485-511 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This work was designed to determine the ontogenetic variability of the morphology of mitochondria of the hepatic cell.The mitochondria of the cells of the hepatic diverticulum are minute spheres. These spheres enlarge, become associated, forming beaded filaments, which in turn become smooth filaments, the process culminating in the twenty-day fetus. There is no individual or lobular variabillty in fetuses of a given length. One-half day before birth the above process is reversed, so that separate spheres are found in the eight- to twelve-hour young. This enlargement and enspherulation are accompanied by an accumulation of large quantities of glycogen. After this age, the spheres become associated into beaded filaments again and the glycogen disappears, the cycle ending at thirty-three hours. From two to eight days of age there is great individual variability.Mitochondrial morphology characterstic of the adult is first found in the fourteen-day young, when cells contain long, smooth or beaded filaments, rods, and spheres. There is no lobular variation as to types of mitochondria, but only in numbers, the cells around the central vein containing fewer mitochondria than other cells of the lobule. Variation between individuals after birth is due to something other than age, type of food, period of digestion, and length of starvation. Fat is formed within spherical chondriosomes.
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    Chromosomes of three species of mantidae (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 525-533 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are twenty-seven spermatogonial chromosomes in Tenoder'a sinensis, three of which are larger than the others and lag behind in anaphase. These three chromosomes have been traced through the prophases of the first spermatocyte to the metaphase, where they appear as a hexad. In the first spermatocyte division two of the constituent diads of the hexad pass to one pole, the remaining one to the other, thus giving rise to two types of second spermatocytes, one with thirteen and the other with fourteen chromosomes. There are twenty-eight chromosomes in somatic metaphases of the female; four of these chromosomes are larger than the others. The sex chromosomes of the male are represented by the formula Xa + Y + Xb, that of the female by 2Xa + 2Xb.Similar conditions are reported for Mantis religiosa and Stagmomantis carolina.
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    Insect development. II. Mitotic activity in the grasshopper embryo (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 613-618 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The onset of hibernation in Melanoplus differentialis eggs kept at high temperatures is accompanied by a fairly abrupt cessation of cell division. The total number of mitotic figures present in the different individuals of a series of embryos of this grasshopper, from eggs kept for eighteen to twenty days at 25°C. from the time of saying, was found to vary between 1000 and 4400. In contrast to the conditions found in eggs of this age, embryos from eggs kept twenty-seven days at 25°C., as well as those older and still in the hibernating state, contained few or no dividing cells. During the course of the work it was found that, in rare cases, hibernation failed to occur, a few or many of the eggs developed without a pause when kept at 25°C., and hatched at approximately the thirty-eighth day. The detection of variations in the rate of mitotic activity over short periods, as originally planned, was found impossible, because of the comparatively small number of embryos used.
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    Some histological effects of ultrasonic waves on cells and tissues of the fish lebistes reticulatus and on the larva of rana sylvatica (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 155-164 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Some pathological effects of supersonic waves produced by the piezo-electric oscillator described by Wood and Loomis ('27) are described.Death of fish and frogs was due to haemolysis of erythrocytes within the gill capillaries. Disruption of gill filaments, trauma, and extravasation in the head and gill region and in the peripheral musculature were noted.No effect on the nervous system was apparent histologically.Organisms were not killed in water under hyper- or hyponormal pressures. In these cases no cavitation of gases took place.Isolated frog sartorius muscle in Ringer's was not damaged.Bubbles of gas were easily observed within the muscle cells of the tadpoles when such cells were not more violently disturbed. Such bubbles were abundant in the more fluid muscles of four- or five-day tadpoles, less abundant in 15- to 35-mm. Lebistes, and entirely lacking in adult frog sartorius. Protoplasmic viscosity differences probably explain the gradient.The above-observed intracellular cavitation explains the muscular destruction, the haemolysis, the change in specific gravity of organisms subjected to the wave treatment, and may offer light upon the stimulatory effect of such waves on excitable tissues (compare Harvey, '28).
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    The anatomy of diplodinium medium (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 195-215 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this paper evidence is given in support of the author's statements (Rees, '30) that in ciliates in the genus Diplodinium a neuromotor apparatus, as described and figured by Sharp ('14), could not be differentiated. For the study of minute anatomy ciliates were cut into serial sections 3 μ thick. The body which in D. medium appeared to correspond to the motorium of D. ecaudatum was shown to be a fold of the middle layer of ectoplasm. Fibers, described and figured by Sharp as connecting the motorium to the organelles of locomotion and of food taking and to a ring about the esophagus, could not be differentiated. Other fibers which Sharp designated as opercular were shown to be part of a fibrillar complex extending throughout the middle layer and the inner boundary layer of ectoplasm. The walls of the esophagus were shown to be formed by the fused middle and inner layers of the ectoplasm. The esophageal fibers therefore belong also to the above-mentioned fibrillar complex. In D. medium a system of esophageal membranelles was differentiated, described, and figured. The ciliary systems of Paramaecium ecaudatum and of Diplodinium medium were shown to be strikingly similar. The principle of descent from a common ancestor adequately explains the above similarity, but is out of harmony with the discrepancies between Sharp's account of D. ecaudatum and this account of D. medium.
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    A detailed study of the endoderm of hydra (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 249-275 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The flagella of the endodermal cells of hydra have their origin in the form of a cytoplasmic spherule which appears on the cell membrane just above the blepharoplast. This spherule moves outward, and in doing so forms a small cylinder, which, in time, flattens down into a ribbon-like flagellum, the edge of which is slightly thickened. Endodermal cells were found to bear from one to five of these flagella. Dissociated endodermal cells become amoeboid and are able to move about quite freely, taking up particles of food with pseudopods; these cells are also able to elaborate flagella. In the normal well-fed hydra the endodermal cells are found to fragment endogenously; these endogenous fragments pass to the tentacles and other outlying regions, where they are taken up by the endo-epithelio cells lining these regions. The endoderm is frequently thrown into villi of quite large size: these villi, when studied over a period of days, are found to deteriorate; the cells which composed them wander to the tentacles, buds, and basal regions by means of their flagella and amoeboid movement, where they deteriorate, the cell particles being taken up by the epithelio cells lining these areas.
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    A demonstration of the vacuome and the golgi apparatus as independent cytoplasmic components in the fresh eggs of teleostean fishes (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 277-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The most important conclusion of this investigation is that the vacuome and the classical Golgi apparatus are independent cell components in the oocytes of Ophiocephalus and Rita. The same conclusion has been arrived at by Nath in Rana tigrina. The vacuoles, the Golgi elements, and the mitochondria can be seen intra vitam side by side.In Ophiocephalus the vacuoles give rise to albuminous yolk, as has been rightly claimed by Hibbard for Discoglossus and by Hibbard and Parat for Perca and Pygosteus. The Golgi elements give rise to the fatty yolk as in so many other forms of oogenesis described by Nath and others.In Rita the fate of the vacuoles and the Golgi elements is unknown, as the fish suddenly disappeared from the Ravi during the spawning period.
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    Spermatogenesis in sturnus vulgaris: Refractory period and acceleration in relation to wave length and rate of increase of light rationStudies on the sexual cycle in birds, no. VII. Aided by a grant from the Committee for Research in Problems of Sex of the National Research Council, 1930-1931. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 403-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Between December 10th and January 24th, using red, green, and white electric lights at equal intensities of about 1.7 foot-candles, sixty-nine males, with females, were subjected nightly to, (a) constant six- and six-and-one-quarter-hour periods of illumination; (b) periods increasing gradually from one-quarter to six and one-quarter hours; (c) no added light (controls), in a basement room lighted by day from three large windows. Relative heat intensities reaching the birds were: for white, 1; for green, 2.5; for red, 10.Birds were killed for testis study at 5, 12, 16, 22, and 23 days.Refractory period was shorter, and modification of spermatogenic activity much greater, under a than under b types of treatment, as compared with controls. Effects were also more consistent.Descending order of testis activity induced at all stages was red, white, control, green, under both a and b.Effects on testis activity are not proportional to heat intensity of incident light, but depend on wave length, since green effect is not intermediate between those of white and red, as its heat intensity is. Green inhibited germ-cell activity even in birds already at normal midwinter minimal condition.Constant six-hour red-light treatments, of this intensity, induced flrst appearance of metamorphosing sperms in twenty-three days in midwinter.Apparatus and mode of light regulation and measurement are described.
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    Modified mitosis in the chick embryo (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 535-563 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of cell division in the chick embryo has revealed in striated muscle and in the early stages of all the principal tissues and organs a process, followed by the greater percentage of the dividing nuclei, which resembles amitosis, but is undoubtedly a highly modified form of mitosis. This process is designated ‘modified mitosis’. The belief that this is essentially mitotic rests upon the fact that a number of discrete bodies may be distinguished in the one or two chromatin masses of each nucleus. These masses, or ‘mulberries’, might easily be mistaken for nucleoli or karyosomes were it not that they exhibit division by elongation and constriction. These structures probably represent masses of minute and closely clumped chromosomes in somatic number dividing in a qualitative and a quantitative fashion. As additional evidence there are present between the dividing mulberries exceedingly fine fibers which possibly represent an attempt at spindle fibers. Neither centrosomes nor asters are present, but since, if present, they would have to be of the intranuclear variety (the nuclear membrane never disintegrating) their absence is immaterial. The nucleus divides not by constriction, but by the formation of a nuclear plate. This process of modified mitosis is probably a device which favors the speed of nuclear proliferation necessary to such rapidly growing tissues.
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    Insect development. IV. External morphology of grasshopper embryos of known age and with a known temperature history (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 1-21 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of Melanoplus differentialis, a grasshopper, secured immediately after they had been laid, were placed in a water bath kept at 25°C, and allowed to develop for definite periods. After fixation, the embryos were dissected out of the eggs and drawn. Large numbers of eggs were examined in order to determine the degree of variation under specific conditions. For the stages following revolution, eggs were used in which ‘hibernation’ had been prevented by exposure to low temperatures.
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    Cytoplasmic structures in the ganglion cells of certain Orthoptera, with special reference to the Golgi bodies, mitochondria, ‘vacuome,’ intracellular trabeculae (trophospongium), and neurofibrillae (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 59-95 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Golgi bodies of the nerve cells of the grasshopper are discrete elements composed of an osmiophilic cortex and an osmiophobic medulla. When seen in face, they appear ring-like, semicircular, or crescentic. The osmiophilic portion is interpreted as the homologue of the classical Golgi apparatus and may under certain conditions be dissolved away, leaving clear spaces homologous to the canalicular apparatus (negative image of Golgi apparatus). When the osmiophilic portion is dissolved, the osmiophobic portion remains as a definite structure which apparently has no homologue in the classical Golgi apparatus. The mitochondria are granular, rod-like, or filamentous and show no transformation into Golgi bodies. Neutral-red bodies (‘vacuome’) of two kinds have been observed, neither of which is a constant preformed structure or has any relationship to the Golgi bodies. Prolongations of the capsule (trophospongium?) of the nerve cell penetrate into the cell approximately one-third the distance to the nucleus. These are interpreted as supportive rather than nutritive in function. A basket-like net of neurofibrillae surrounds the nucleus. It is suggested that the networks described as Golgi apparatus in certain invertebrate nerve cells may really consist of these neurofibrillae.The conclusion of Parat that Golgi material consists either of mitochondria or ‘vacuome’ is rejected. The idea that all structures in the living cell which stain with neutral red (‘vacuome’) are homologous is also rejected.
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    The nutrition of glochidia during metamorphosis. A microscopical study of the sources and manner of utilization of the nutritive substancesContribution no. 166. Published by permission of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. Acknowledgment is due the staff of the Fairport Biological Station for many helpful courtesies extended during the prosecution of this inquiry. A preliminary report appears in the proceedings of the American Society of Zoölogists (Arey, '23 a). (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 201-221 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Part of the nutriment of metamorphosing glochidia is supplied by the cellular host tissue, bitten by the larvae during attachment. Some of this is taken up piecemeal by the mantle cells and digested intracellularly. The coarse granules that first pack the mantle cells are apparently the precursors of a digestive secretion, some of which escapes into the mantle cavity. Here it also causes the prompt dissolution of additional utilizable host tissue.Another source of nutriment is furnished by the provisional larval adductor muscle which undergoes degenerative changes in situ, then fragments, and finally is carried away bit by bit by amoeboid cells. These turn over their muscle content to the larval mantle, where the particles are further reduced beyond recognition. The mantle remnant itself is finally sacrificed and doubtless becomes an additional source of nutriment.The gut serves as an organ of nutrition throughout the last two-thirds of the parasitic period. It appears to admit and digest pieces of the adductor muscle and certain unidentified particulate matter. In addition, the gut, like the definitive mantle and other organs, doubtless absorbs tissue transudate from the host.Special vascularization of the host tissue to facilitate the passage of nutriment from host to parasite does not occur, yet there is no reason to doubt that an appreciable part of the larval nutrition results from transuding tissue juices.
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    A topographical and cytological study of the sympathetic nervous components of the suprarenal of the chick embryoThis work was done largely at the Zoölogical laboratory of the University of Kentucky during 1929 and 1930. It was completed during the author's leave of absence from the University of Kentucky, while in residence at The University of Chicago, 1930 and 1931. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 277-325 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study was made of the development of the suprarenal gland of the chick with reference to the following points: 1) Topographical relationship of the sympathetic cell masses to the cortical cords, and to the sympathetic nervous system. 2) Cytological differentiation of the sympathetic cells.The migrating indifferent sympathetic cells, although becoming generally distributed over the medial surface of the cortical ridge, form a series of more prominent aggregations at certain definite loci. These aggregations are the rudiments of two longitudinal ganglionic chains, which develop from the sixth to the seventh day. Around and between the ganglionic rudiments the indifferent cell groups become penetrated by sympathetic fibers from the ganglionic rudiments as well as by fibers of sympathoblasts which develop from indifferent cells of the sympathetic-chromaffine complex. At the same time multipolar sympathetic cells lying between the cortical cords and processes to the tracts developing between the ganglia on the surface of the cortical ridge.Differentiation of ‘chromaffine cells’ from indifferent cells of the aggregations begins during the eighth day, after a profuse innervation of the rudiments has been established. Differentiation is evidenced by the appearance of cytoplasmic granules, and by the appearance of the ‘chromaffine reaction.’ The possible bearing of the innervation of the indifferent cell aggregations upon their differentiation and upon their penetration of the cortical bodies is discussed.
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530201
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    Developmental stages of the chondrocranium in some selachians (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 565-592 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serial sections of seven embryos were examined, in four of which the chondrocrania were reconstructed. Parachordals appear as independent precartilages on each side of the notochord in the otic region. Later chondrification occurs, and they fuse with the notochord. Orbitals and trabeculae appear as independent precartilages; later, as cartilages they fuse with the basal plate and with each other, forming the cranial wall between the orbital cavity and brain. An apparent shifting posteriorly of the bases of the fifth, seventh, and eighth cranial nerves, in respect to the anterior end of the notochord and to the otic vesicles, occurs between the 10-mm. and the 60-mm. stages. The otic vesicles, proportionately small in the 10-mm. stage, reach their relatively largest size in the 19-mm. embryo. The floors of the otic capsules begin as lateral extensions of the basal plate at the 25-mm. stage, and from these anlagen chondrifications extend, forming the anterior and posuerior cupolas. Most of the tegmen cranii forms by chondrifications that approach the median plane from each side. It is practically complete in the 60-mm. embryo. The cervical neural arches also contribute in forming the tegmen cranii and the occipital region. The ventrally recurved end of the notochord of the 10-mm. stage persists through the 60-mm. embryo.
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    The early develoment of the duck's egg, with special reference to the origin of the primitive streak (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 133-187 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with the development of the duck embryo from the unincubated blastoderm to the 1-to-3-somite stage. In the unincubated stage the thickened posterior germ wall is the most active region mitotically, contributing cells to complete the entodermal layer. The slightly thickened ectoderm of the posterior half of the pellucid area is the precursor of the embryonic shield. During incubation this ectoderm increases in height, forming the embryonic shield. The primitive streak arises in the posterior part of the shield, where tall ectodermal cells in the midline become several-layered and proliferate cells from their ventral surface which migrate laterally, becoming mesoderm. At first short and broad, the streak becomes longer and narrower until it attains its definitive stage.The greatest proliferation of ectodermal cells occurs always at the anterior end of the streak of all stages, forming at the definitive stage a definite thickening-Hensen's node. Proliferation diminishes posteriorly along the streak.The number and orientation of mitotic figures indicate cell movements as follows: Prestreak stages-ectodermal cells migrate from posterior part of shield toward midline, thence forward in midline; early streak stages-anterior movement in streak and to sides of streak, and lateromedial movement from sides toward middle of streak; definitive streak stages-postero-anterior and lateromedial migration of cells.The embryonic axis, of prestreak and streak stages, lies approximately at right angles to the egg axis in slightly over 50 per cent of the cases.
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    The architecture of the parietal cells of the salivary glands of the grasshopper, with special reference to the intracellular canaliculi, Golgi bodies, and mitochondria (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 223-241 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parietal cells of the salivary glands of the grasshopper are large and roughly spherical or sometimes pyramidal in form, scattered for the most part singly among the zymogenic cells of the lobules. They possess a magnificent system of intracellular canaliculi into which their secretions are directly emptied and conveyed to the exterior of the cell. These intracellular canaliculi are strikingly impregnated with osmic-acid methods (Nassonov, Mann-Kopsch) in a manner comparable to the contractile vacuole of Paramecium as described by Nassonov. However, in addition to the impregnated system of intracellular canaliculi, Golgi bodies are found evenly distributed throughout the cell in the form of crescents, semicircles, or ring-like structures typical of insect tissue.Inasmuch as a direct homology between the intracellular canaliculi and the contractile vacuole of Paramecium, both from the point of view of morphology and physiology, seems justified, we question the inference drawn by Nassonov that the impregnated walls of the contractile vacuole in Paramecium actually represent Golgi material. Deduction is made from these and previous studies that the magnificent network of ‘vacuome-Golgi apparatus’ described by Parat and Painlevé ('24) in the salivary glands of Chironomus larvae is nothing more or less than intracellular secretory canaliculi.Mitochondria in the parietal cells are abundant in the characteristic form of short rods and filaments. No evidence of a direct transformation of mitochondria into Golgi bodies. as held by Parat, was observed. Golgi bodies and mitochondria show no marked topographical relationship to the intracellular secretory canaliculi.
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    The chondrocranium of a 23-mm. necturusContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratories, University of Illinois, no. 424. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 327-343 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study is based on a wax model reconstructed from serial sections stained with basic fuchsin and picro-indigo-carmine. It shows: 1) that the columna ethmoidalis and planum basale are chondrified at this stage; 2) that a cartilaginous antorbital process is present; 3) that the stapedial plate is cut out from the wall of the otic capsule; 4) that the so-called crista trabecularis is an independent element homologous with the sphenolateralis of the Anura; 5) that the fourth visceral arch is not present and that the fifth is still in the precartilaginous stage; and, 7) that there is no evidence that a pro-occipital vertebra is formed.
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    The structure of opalinids, as revealed by the technique of micro-incinerationAided by an appropriation from a grant made by the Rockefeller Foundation to Washington University for research in science. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 381-388 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Opalinids from the rectum of Rana pipiens were isolated in large numbers and fixed in a mixture of nine parts of absolute alcohol and one part of neutral formalin. These were embedded in paraffin and incinerated according to the technique of Policard. Examination of the preparations by dark-field illumination showed that the micro-incinerated protozoa retained their distinctive morphological and cytological characters, for the mineral ash had the same topographical distribution as the cell inclusions in the control stained preparations.The coarse vegetative granules of the cytoplasm were preserved as distinct masses of ash which corresponded exactly to these bodies in the control preparations. The structure of the myonemata and the cilia was perfectly preserved. The chromatin material of the nucleus, more or less abundant, left little or no ash, which is quite in contrast to the findings of Scott with regard to amphibian and mammalian nuclei.
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    DIE BILDUNG DER ERYTHROCYTEN IM KERNE DER PLASMOCYTEN; DER HÄMOGLOBINSCHWUND IM BLUTKREISLAUFE MIT DER PIGMENTMETAMORPHOSE UND OHNE DERSELBEN UND DIE BESONDERE ELIMINIERUNGSART DER CHROMATINSUBSTANZ AUS DER ZELLE IM BLUTE DES BATRACHOSEPS ATTENUATUS ESCH. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 593-603 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the blood of Batrachoseps one part of the erythrocytes is formed inside the nucleus of plasmocytes as a result of the metamorphosis of chromatin substance. When erythrocytes are completely formed, they separate themselves from the plasmocytes.Disappearance of the hemoglobin of erythrocytes with pigment metamorphosis is visible in the drawings.When the disappearance of hemoglobin with pigment metamorphosis takes place, the color of the hemoglobin cytoplasm frequently becomes very pale. The hemoglobin cytoplasm may vanish also without pigment metamorphosis in such a way that the whole cell (nucleus and cytoplasm) swells, and the cytoplasm becomes paler, and finally only a pale shadow remains which is rather difficult to distinguish. The author has noticed in the blood of Batrachoseps, besides extrusion of small nuclei from the erythrocytes, also a particular way in which chromatin substance is eliminated from the cell. While the cell and the nucleus become pear-shaped, the nucleus moves toward the periphery, touching the surface of the cell with its funnel-shaped narrow side. From this narrow side the chromatin substance flows out in the form of a band stained red, according to Romanowsky.
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    The control of luminescence in the male lampyrid firefly, photuris pennsylvanica, with special reference to the effect of oxygen tension on flashing (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 37-51 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    A simple method for the quantitative measurement of cell permeability (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 71-82 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Afferent impulses in the carotid sinus nerve I. The relation of the discharge from single end organs to arterial blood pressure (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 113-130 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Action of nerve depressants on potentialFrom the Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Oscar Johnson Institute, St. Louis, Missouri. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 177-194 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The influence of carbon dioxide upon the respiration of nerveAided by a grant from the Hendricks Research Fund, Syracuse University.A preliminary report of this work appeared in the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 29, p. 144, 1931. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 239-252 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The effects of hormones and certain other substances on cell (luminous bacteria) respiration (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 297-331 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Growth in size of micro-organisms measured from motion pictures I. Yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 387-407 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Some effects of intense audible sound on living organisms and cells (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 451-473 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The influence of some organ extracts on the permeability to water of sea-urchin eggs (Arbacia punctulata) (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The rate of penetration of dyes into Valonia, with special reference to solubility theories of permeabilityPreliminary note in Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 29, pp. 720-721. 1932. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 53-73 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Intracellular hydrion concentration studies. VIII. Cytoplasm and vacuole of Limnobium root-hair cells (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 105-119 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020109
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    The CO2 content of the gastric mucosa (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 141-148 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    On osmotic behavior of living cell fragmentsAided by a grant from the National Research Council. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 193-199 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020207
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    Respiratory quotient of resting frog muscle (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 233-242 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020210
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    The influence of temperature upon the process of division in Amoeba proteus (Leidy) (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 311-327 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020307
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    Masthead (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Effect of temperature, salts, and hydrogen-ion concentration on rupture of the plasmagel sheet, rate of locomotion, and gel/sol ratio in amoeba proteusContribution from the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and the Zoölogical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University. We are much indebted to the Research Corporation for financial aid. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 333-354 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The dependence of cytoplasmic structures in the egg of the sea urchin on the ionic balance of the environment (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 41-51 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020105
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    Intracellular hydrion concentration studies. VII. The secreting cells of the mesonephros in the chickThe expenses for this investigation were paid by a grant from the Leopold Schepp Foundation. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 99-103 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The effect of carbon dioxide in the presence of varying amounts of bicarbonate upon the cleavage rate of the Arbacia egg (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 177-191 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Masthead (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932) 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The secretion of urea in the frog (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 349-353 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020309
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    The function of the proximal convoluted segment of the renal tubule (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 1 (1932), S. 161-176 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030010204
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    The rate of penetration of rubidium into living cells of Valonia and its relation to apparent ionic radii (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 223-231 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020209
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    The heat production and economy of maintained contractions in crustacean muscle (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 285-294 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020305
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    Some effects of alpha radiation upon plant cellsThe work reported here was partially supported by a grant from the National Research Council, Committee on the Effects of Radiation upon Living Organisms. Most of the work was submitted to the graduate faculty, University of Missouri, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1932)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 2 (1932), S. 251-274 
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    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030020303
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