ALBERT

Beschreibung: A range of techniques have emerged in recent years for the conduct of environmental programming. Such programming techniques are meant to facilitate the systematic application of environment-behavior research to the design process. However, despite the efforts of both researchers and practitioners, the success of environmental programming in bringing about effective research application remains quite limited. This article reviews several reasons for these difficulties in research application, and concludes that the problem is rooted in quite basic conceptions of the nature and goals of behavioral research. An alternative "action research" approach to the conduct of environment-behavior studies is then presented. Some of the benefits of viewing environmental research and programming as interrelated phases within a larger "action" framework are considered.

Beschreibung: The magnetic levitation force exerted on the magnets immersed in ferrofluid is the theoretical basis of various application of ferrofluid. In this paper, based on the equivalent magnetic charge models and the equivalent current models of cylindrical magnets, magnetic charge image method and current image method are used to calculate the magnetic levitation force exerted on the cylindrical magnets immersed in ferrofluid respectively. The magnetic levitation force under the same conditions is calculated by the Comsol Multiphysics software according to the mechanical formula after the distribution of the magnetic field is obtained using finite element method. The magnetic levitation force is also measured experimentally, whose results are compared with the theoretical results obtained by the three methods. The analysis shows that the variation law of the magnetic levitation force and the influence by various parameters can be evaluated by the calculation with magnetic charge image method and current image method, but there is great difference between the theoretical results and the experimental results, and the greatest difference are 46% and 62% respectively. The agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results is quite good when the finite element method is used, whose greatest difference is 9%. Content Type Journal Article Pages 37-49 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1428 Authors Wenming Yang, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Decai Li, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Xinzhi He, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Qiang Li, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper proposes a novel concentrated flux interior permanent magnet (IPM) type brushless DC (BLDC) motor that replaces low-price ferrite magnets, which has similar characteristics as the conventional IPM type BLDC motor that uses expensive NdFeB magnets. To minimize the cogging torque which is a disadvantage of the proposed model, optimal designs of rotor and permanent magnet were performed. In optimal design process, the Kriging method based on the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and a genetic algorithm (GA) are applied due to suitability to non-linear data. Furthermore, to improve the average torque of the proposed model, the current excitation range was changed according to inductance. Through the optimal design process and the proper current excitation range, we show that the optimal model using low-price ferrite magnets has similar performance as the conventional IPM type BLDC motor using NdFeB magnets. Content Type Journal Article Pages 957-963 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1565 Authors Jin-hee Lee, Department of Electronic, Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Thomas Anthony Lipo, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Byung-il Kwon, Department of Electronic, Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper aims to clarify time response properties of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) sensor. SPE film has been attracted attention in wide range of fields, and it is expected to be used as soft actuators and sensors. SPE film can reversely convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Moreover, SPE film is lightweight, flexible, and has good workability and air-stable output. Although authors have been investigated output characteristics of an SPE sensor, time response properties of the sensor have not been inspected. In the paper, to reveal time response properties of the SPE sensor, the sensor output behaviors for several deformation velocities are measured and evaluated. Maximum voltages in the transient response and output attenuations for constant deformation are analyzed. Results show that the attenuation characteristics depend on the sensor deformation velocity, and maximum voltages in the transient response are independent of deformation velocities. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1063-1068 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1579 Authors Manabu Otsuki, Graduate school of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan Takeshi Okuyama, Graduate school of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan Mami Tanaka, Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The characteristics in the linear induction motor (LIM) mode of new wireless energy transmission device are cleared analytically. The apparatus operates as two types of LIM with propulsion force or a linear transformer without thrust. One type of the LIM is a secondary current controlled wound type of LIM with primary winding on ground and the other is the LIM with reaction plate on ground. The paper shows the characteristics of the wound type of LIM in power running and has the onboard power transmission function even in the power running. The two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) is used for the analysis. As a result, it is cleared that the model designed for urban transit has high efficiency and high input power factor respectively more than 0.9 for the optimal control. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1035-1040 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1575 Authors Nobuo Fujii, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Shuhei Kanamitsu, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Takeshi Mizuma, National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: In this paper, the effects of magnetization on the rotor conductor of a written-pole motor (WPM) are analyzed and then the shape of the conductor to maximize the amount of the magnetization is designed while the magnet on the rotor is magnetized by an exciter pole. The optimization is performed with design variables that are the shape and number of the rotor bars, where an objective function is set to the amount of magnetization satisfying a constraint of the start-up time. The optimal design is verified by sequentially using a finite elements method and response surface method. Content Type Journal Article Pages 973-980 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1567 Authors Seong-Cheol Park, Research and Development, Amotech, Pyeongtaek, Kyunggi-do, Korea Myoung-Hyun Choi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea Kyeong-Jin Yuk, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea Byung-Taek Kim, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper investigates the performance of the line start permanent magnet (LSPM) motor which needs a high efficiency characteristic in a wide operation region. LSPM motor's performance indexes, such as efficiency, motor current, load angle and synchronous torque, have complex relationship with each other according to the main and auxiliary windings distribution, and the selection of running capacitor. The output characteristics can be defined by the winding structure which is calculated by d-q equivalent circuit and finite element method. The efficiency characteristic is verified by simulation as well as by experiment on the designed LSPM motor. From the results, we show that the redesigned model considering the winding structure and capacitor matching has a wide operating region. Content Type Journal Article Pages 925-931 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1561 Authors Se-Hyun Rhyu, Intelligent Mechatronics Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Jeong-Jong Lee, Intelligent Mechatronics Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Young-Kyoun Kim, Intelligent Mechatronics Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Byung-Taek Kim, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea Dae-Kyong Kim, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: Magnetic bearings can support rotating rotors without any contacts. So it is possible to rotate a rotor at extremely high rotational speed. On the other hand, they can easily show elastic deformation with nonlinear oscillation, which is complicated and difficult to deal with. This study investigates nonlinear coupling of oscillation modes appearing in such a flexible rotor system with a magnetic bearing, by considering both the nonlinearity of the electromagnetic force and the continuousness of the rotor. First, an essential model of a rotor with an elastic shaft supported by a magnetic bearing was introduced. The numerical results indicate occurrence of internal resonance caused by the nonlinear coupling of the modes, if the ratio of their natural frequencies is 1 to 3 Experiments were also carried out and obtained results showed qualitative accordance to the numerical results. Content Type Journal Article Pages 941-948 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1563 Authors Ryosuke Amano, Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Japan Hiroki Gotanda, Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Japan Toshihiko Sugiura, Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The paper presents an application of the topological derivative and continuum sensitivity analysis for the optimal design of the permanent magnet excited machines with the adjustable excitation. In our work we applied a topological optimization in order to find a general shape of rotor poles consisted of an iron and magnet part. An essential advantage of the proposed method is its numerical effectiveness. In order to verify results, three-dimensional models were developed and thoroughly analyzed. As presented in the comparative analysis of 3D results, the applied method lead to the significant reduction of both, the cogging torque and a level of higher harmonics in the voltage induced in the armature windings. Content Type Journal Article Pages 933-940 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1562 Authors Piotr Putek, Department of Mathematical Analysis, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Marian Slodička, Department of Mathematical Analysis, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Piotr Paplicki, Department of Power Systems and Electrical Drives, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Ryszard Pałka, Department of Power Systems and Electrical Drives, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: A gyroscope motor is a precision component widely used in aerospace, aviation and other fields. Its accuracy is very sensitive to vibration. Vibration can also cause changes in the air-gap magnetic field in addition to changes due to the electromagnetic force. This paper presents a numerical simulation method for analyzing the electromagnetic characteristics of the gyroscope motor air gap subject to the coupled electromagnetic force and mechanical vibration. It analyzes the magnetic field in the gap in the axial and circumferential directions using a finite element method model, and then analyzes the magnetic characteristics of the gyroscope motor air gap subject to the coupled electromagnetic force and vibration. The method can be used to estimate the electromagnetic vibration to optimize the design of a gyroscope motor and extend its life. Content Type Journal Article Pages 949-955 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1564 Authors Baokun Yang, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Hongbing Zheng, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Guirong Yan, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper presents the structure design and analysis of inner-rotor type axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machines(AFPMs). The major sources of vibration in electric machines such as motors and generators are electric magnetic force distributed on both stators. The rotor suffers from unbalanced magnetic force when air gas are not symmetric on dual sides. In this paper, natural frequencies, mode shapes, and deformation were studied at normal and fault operations. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1027-1033 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1574 Authors Jian Li, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Sang-Geon Lee, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Yun-Hyun Cho, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: We propose a magnetic type tactile sensor that can measure a three-axis displacement and a three-axis force. The simple structure comprises two layers, an elastic layer and a substrate layer. The elastic layer is made of an elastic material and houses a cylindrical permanent magnet inside. The substrate layer is a glass epoxy board and has four giant magneto resistance (GMR) elements. The elements measure changes of magnetic field strength based on the displacement of the magnet, and the three-axis displacement and force are calculated from the outputs of the elements. Features of this sensor are a wiring reduction, simple structure, and low cost. In this paper, we describe a structure of the sensor. We design a sensor which has two magnets inside, and confirm the performances of a prototype through the laboratory experiments. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1021-1026 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1573 Authors Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Satoru Takenawa, Kobe City College of Technology, Kobe, Japan Yasuaki Kida, BL AUTOTEC LTD, Kobe, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The peak value of three-phase transformer's inrush current depends, among other factors, on value of the residual flux in the iron core. Higher residual flux produces the inrush current of greater value. Diminishing of magnetism in the core can reduce value of the current. This article presents demagnetization of the transformer as a method of inrush current reduction. In the method proposed a condenser is the source of energy for demagnetization. Different condenser capacitances and voltages are implemented for calculation test to determine optimal values of these parameters. Later the residual flux established after demagnetization of the core is calculated for several initial values. Influence of the flux new value upon the inrush current is discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1013-1019 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1572 Authors Jacek Horiszny, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Tel.: +48 583 471 335; Fax: +48 583 471 802; E-mail: j.horiszny@ely.pg.gda.pl Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: Although a number of multi-fingered robot hands have been developed, none of these hands is in actual use. One reason for this is that conventional control methods are not useful for multi-fingered robot hands. A human manipulates an object using tactile information (contact points, direction, and severity of reaction force). In the present paper, a tactile-based control method for multi-fingered robot hands, which mimics human manipulation, is proposed. In the proposed method, three fingers are used for object manipulation, and object grasping and manipulation is achieved. The proposed method is implemented in Universal Robot Hand II, and its effectiveness is verified. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1055-1061 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1578 Authors Wataru Fukui, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Futoshi Kobayashi, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Fumio Kojima, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Tadashi Maeda, Maeda Precision Manufacturing Limited Kobe, Kobe, Japan Nobuaki Imamura, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan Kazuhiro Sasabe, The Kansai Electric Power Company Inc., Amagasaki, Japan Hidenori Shirasawa, The Advanced Materials Processing Institute Kinki Japan, Amagasaki, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: A palpation is convenient and it is a useful method to detect a cancer and to evaluate softness of skin. However, the palpation is skillful method, and the mental/physical conditions of the experts affect the result of the palpation easily. The result of palpation is subjective and it is hard to share the result with the other people. Therefore, the development of the sensor that can measure the softness of the body is demanded. In this paper, a relationship between physical properties of measured objects and the softness that human feel are investigated for a development of a tactile sensor system. At first, the relationship between tactile softness and stiffness of the measured objects is investigated. As a result, tactile softness decreases with the increase of stiffness of the objects. Next, the relationship between tactile softness and size of contact area of human finger are investigated. These results lead to the conclusion that there is a possibility that tactile softness of the objects are not only related to the contact force or displacement of a finger and the objects but also to the contact area of the finger and the measured objects. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1041-1046 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1576 Authors Daisuke Tsuchimi, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Takeshi Okuyama, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Mami Tanaka, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: A non-contact gear mechanism is important for the non-contact transmission of a torque and a motion. In this paper, a magnetic gear system without contact which requires no lubricant oil is proposed. The driving gear consists of some iron discs with gear teeth whose shape is an involute curve. The discs of the follower gear are inserted in the gaps between the discs of the driving gear, and the attractive forces between the discs generate the torque transmission. Using the magnetic gear system, a magnetically connected planetary gear device is developed. Moreover we measure and study the slip torque as static property, and the step-out torque as dynamic property due to implication of rotational speed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1005-1011 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1571 Authors Yoshinori Ando, Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan Takatoshi Ugajin, Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan Akira Baba, Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan Tomoyuki Fujita, Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan Kousuke Nagaya, Oita Industrial Creation Organization, Oita, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The characteristics of the high flux density linear synchronous motor (HFD-LSM) with the special field having V-letter array permanent magnets (PMs) are studied analytically by using a finite element method (FEM). For gap variation of plus or minus 4 mm to the typical gap 12 mm on the HFD-LSM with the thick PM of 40 mm, the change of thrust is only within 3% on the constant voltage drive. The change of efficiency is only within 0.5%. The efficiency considered only the copper loss exceeds 0.95 even in the case of the double length supply. The power factor is about 0.88 for maximum thrust drive. The influence of PM thickness appears remarkably on the power factor. For 10 mm thick PM, the reduction rate of the power factor is about 45% compared with 40 mm thick PM. Content Type Journal Article Pages 997-1003 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1570 Authors Mitusnobu Terata, Fuculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Nobuo Fujii, Fuculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: To make the ropeless elevator system (RLES) become practical, one of the most important requirements is the high force density. The slotted iron core type permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) seems to be the best choice except the large detent force. Therefore, in this paper the characteristics of detent force and propulsion force of PMLSM are investigated under different motor topology structures, such as different PMLSM topologies, different mover topologies, and different armature core topologies. Finally, the long stator double-sided slotted iron-core type PMLSM with fractional slot winding is selected for the best performance. Content Type Journal Article Pages 989-995 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1569 Authors Zhan-Feng Zheng, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China Yu-Wu Zhu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea Yun-Hyun Cho, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea En-Yuan Dong, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China Ji-Yan Zou, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: A humanoid robot hand receives much attention in various fields. We have developed the universal robot hand with the multi-axis force/torque sensors. In order to manipulate an object by the robot hand without dropping the object, it is important to detect a slip between the object and the robot finger. Therefore, we propose a slip detection method with the multi-axis force/torque sensor and an anti-slip control method based on the slip detection. The effectiveness of the proposed slip detection and the anti-slip control is verified through some experiments with the universal robot hand. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1047-1054 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1577 Authors Futoshi Kobayashi, Department of Systems Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Fumio Kojima, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Department of Systems Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Yasuaki Kida, BL AUTOTEC LTD, Kobe, Japan Nobuaki Imamura, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan Hidenori Shirasawa, The Advanced Materials Processing Institute Kinki Japan, Amagasaki, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper deals with the optimum design focused on an LHS (Latin hypercube sampling) experiment with the many design variables of a developed motor and comparison of the optimum algorithm. The effective design variables are selected by screening and analysis of means (ANOM). In this paper, the optimum design is achieved by using the comparison response surface methodology (RSM) with the genetic algorithm (GA) method as the multiobjective optimum design. The torque ripple ratio is satisfied with a design goal within 3%. Therefore, multiobjective optimum design is considered between average torque and efficiency. The simulation results are compared with the experiment and show a deviation below 5%. Content Type Journal Article Pages 981-988 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1568 Authors Do-Kwan Hong, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea Ji-Young Lee, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea Byung-Chul Woo, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea Shi-Uk Chung, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea Do-Hyun Kang, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The inherent drawback of iron-core type permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is detent force that is dependent on several major factors such as pole-arc to pole-pitch ratio of magnet, slot clearance, and skewing. To minimize the detent force, this paper proposes a structure optimization using the combined computation of two dimensional (2-D) finite element method (FEM) and response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM, that is a collection of the statistical and mathematical techniques, is utilized to predict the global optimal solution based on the FEM calculated results of the detect forces for different combinations of factors. With the help of the combined computation the high capacity iron-core type PMLSM with more than 12000 N propulsion forces only contains less than 3 N detent forces. Content Type Journal Article Pages 965-971 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1566 Authors Dao-Han Wang, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea Yu-Wu Zhu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea Sang-Geon Lee, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea Yun-Hyun Cho, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 1-4 / 2012

Beschreibung: In this paper, the influences of compressive stress on the narrow hysteresis (magnetostriction hysteresis, W_h) and maximum piezomagnetic coefficient (d_{33}^{Max}) of the 〈110〉 oriented Tb_{0.27}Dy_{0.73}Fe_{1.95} polycrystalline alloys have been investigated at high drive levels. The simultaneous measurements of magnetostriction and magnetization are carried out as a function of applied magnetic field 0 〈 H 〈 800 kA/m and compressive stress 0 to 50 MPa. The results show that the magnetostriction increases sharply in the low and/or moderate magnetic field, and than gains its saturation slowly with increase of the applied magnetic field. However, according to increase of the compressive stress, the magnetostriction decreases in the low and moderate magnetic field, while the saturation magnetostriction (λ _s ) increases. Specifically, λ _s increases from 1143 × 10^{ - 6} to 1778 × 10^{ - 6} when the compressive stress increases from 0 to 50 MPa and W_h increases from 7.90 to 27.22 kA/m at the same conditions. In addition, the characteristics of d_{33}^{Max} are reported under varied compressive stresses. It is found that the higher compressive stress the lower is d_{33}^{Max}, while at a fixed compressive stress, d_{33}^{Max} in the forward magnetostriction process is lower than that in the reversal magnetostriction process. These results presented are available for a kind of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys applications. Content Type Journal Article Pages 203-209 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1424 Authors Pei Zhao, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China Xingyi Zhang, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China Yirui Liang, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China Youhe Zhou, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: High frequency electromagnetic field expressions are analyzed for the focal region of a circular reflector coated with chiral medium. Maslov's method has been used for the study of focal region fields because geometrical optics is an approximate method and fails at the focal points. The effects of chirality parameter, thickness of chiral coating and permittivity of the medium on the focused fields are observed. It is concluded from the results that focused field strength increases with increase in chirality parameter, relative permittivity and thickness of the chiral coating. Content Type Journal Article Pages 181-193 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1422 Authors Abdul Razzaq Farooqi, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Muhammad Junaid Mughal, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Muhammad Qasim Mehmood, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The present paper is devoted to the study of mode competition and control in a 170 GHz gyrotron cavity for potential application in electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of plasmas. An extensive analysis has been carried out for coupling coefficient, start oscillation current, voltage depression, and limiting current for the candidate modes in the gyrotron cavity resonator. The study reveals that the main competing modes for TE_{28,8}^{-} come from TE_{25,9}^{+} and TE_{27,8}^{-}. The optimum beam position for TE_{28,8}^{ - } mode is found to be at 8.28 mm. To avoid excitation of competing modes, it has been found that slight increase in electron beam radius from 8.28 mm to 8.40 mm avoids the excitation of all the competing modes. Based on the considerations of coupling coefficient, start oscillation current, voltage depression, and limiting current; the TE_{28,8}^{-} mode is selected as the operating mode. Content Type Journal Article Pages 195-202 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1423 Authors R.K. Singh, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd, Nodal Cell WiMAX, TPT Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: In this paper, optimal design of the direct-driven PM wind generator, combined with uDEAS (univariate Dynamic Encoding Algorithm for Searches) and FEA (Finite Element Analysis), has been performed to maximize the Annual Energy Production (AEP) over the whole operating wind speed. In particular, an adaptive scheme of arranging search variable sequence in uDEAS is newly proposed according to variable's measured gradient to cost function. The proposed adaptive scheme is embedded in uDEAS and validated through two test functions, and the modified uDEAS is applied to optimal design of the direct-driven PM wind generator. With the comparable quality of the attained solution, uDEAS enormously reduces computation time when compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA) implemented by the parallel computing method. Content Type Journal Article Pages 167-180 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1403 Authors Sang-Yong Jung, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Dongsu Lee, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Min-Goo Choi, Department of Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Jong-Wook Kim, Department of Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: Accompany with the rapid development of millimeter-wave science and technology, sub-harmonically pumped mixers have received more and more attention. One important issue of the mixer is its parasitic parameters of the diode structure play an important role in the conversion loss. Therefore, the influence of parasitic parameter on the performance of the mixer is studied by extraction of parasitic parameter of antiparallel GaAs Schottky diode in this research. Based on the research, a mixer working in the 91–98 GHz band is designed and fabricated based on rogers substrate process. The single side band (SSB) conversion loss is about 8 ∼ 11 dB when pumped with 6mW of local oscillator power and minimum SSB conversion loss of 8 dB is measured at 93 GHz. The measured performance of the proposed mixer is sufficient and robust for the foreseen applications. Content Type Journal Article Pages 211-215 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1425 Authors Fuqun Zhong, School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Bo Zhang, School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Yong Fan, School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Minghua Zhao, School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Zhe Chen, School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: Modeling and torque characteristics analysis are important for actuators or motors with complicated structures. Based on the presented configuration design, the magnetic field and torque calculation for a multiple degrees-of-freedom (M-DOF) spherical actuator are performed using 3D FEM. To reduce the computation workload, a simplified torque calculation model and non-linear system dynamic model have been proposed, and magnetic levitation mechanism is developed for alleviating the friction and resistance to improve the dynamic performance of this M-DOF actuator. A linear mathematical model of the levitation force is deduced and corresponding control scheme with power drive unit is discussed. Then the diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) based control scheme is presented to improve the performance of levitation by adjusting parameters online as identifiers. Simulation and experiment results show that the actuator can effectively implement 3-DOF motion combined with levitation mode, and that the proposed approach can be applied to M-DOF actuators of the same kind effectively. Content Type Journal Article Pages 217-230 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1427 Authors Zheng Li, School of Electrical Engineering , Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Huiqin Sun, School of Electrical Engineering , Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Xueli Wu, School of Electrical Engineering , Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Qingrui Liu, School of Electrical Engineering , Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The paper describes a newly developed miniature moving-magnet type linear actuator with proportional action that uses repulsive magnetic forces. Out of four possible structures, two with mobile magnets and two with fixed ones, the most simple and cheap prototype was chosen, offering good possibilities to obtain a miniature structure. A comparative numerical analysis for two types of mobile element justifies the adopted constructive solution. A laboratory prototype was analyzed numerically and experimentally in view of a possible optimization, the experimental and numerical results being in good agreement. Finally a prototype actuator was built and tested. Content Type Journal Article Pages 127-137 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1414 Authors R. Olaru, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, "Ghe. Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania C. Astratini-Enache, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, "Ghe. Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania C. Petrescu, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, "Ghe. Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: The present paper proposes an analytical magnetic charges equivalence procedure for computing the magnetic field created by the lifting magnets in a non-vertical levitation structure. The proposed method avoids the repetitive solving of the problem needed by any numerical analyse package in order to reach the balance of forces at the equilibrium point. Demagnetization in open-loop of the used NdFeB magnets is taken into account by determining their operating point on the BH-curve. The equilibrium point location is calculated and its stability is checked through the stability discriminants. Several horizontal and an inclined structures are computed and the results are compared with the ones obtained with the professional field computation package RADIA. Finally, the calculation results are validated in comparison with experimental results. Content Type Journal Article Pages 101-115 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1412 Authors Iosif Vasile Nemoianu, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Romania Gerald Küstler, Peter-Roseggerstr. 3, Gaggenau, Germany Emil Cazacu, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Romania Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: New ultra wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a notch band at 5.8 GHz using multi-mode stub-loaded resonator (SLR) is presented. The very sharp roll-off UWB characteristics of the proposed filter can be easily obtained by using the SLR. The multi-mode stub-loaded resonator consists of two propagation paths with λ/4 open-circuited stubs for providing the two transmission zeros at lower and upper passband edge. The notch band at 5.8 GHz can be well determined by tuning the structural parameters of the asymmetric interdigital coupled input/output (I/O) lines. This study mainly provides a simple method to design the high passband selectivity UWB filter with notch band for Federal Communications Commission (FCC-defined) indoor UWB specification. Experimental verification is provided and good agreement has been found between simulation and measurement. Content Type Journal Article Pages 151-156 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1416 Authors Hung-Wei Wu, Department of Computer and Communication, Kun Shan University, Tainan, Taiwan Yu-Fu Chen, Department of Computer and Communication, Kun Shan University, Tainan, Taiwan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: A self-consistent nonlinear simulation model has been presented to analyze the nonlinear behaviour of a gyro-TWT amplifier. It employs a slow-time scale formulation such that the numerical calculation time and the number of numerical integration steps have been drastically reduced. Beam-wave interaction mechanism has been presented with the help of electron flight diagram. The effect of variation of the static magnetic field on the bunching of the electrons along axial direction has also been clearly presented. The electron flight diagram thus obtained clearly demonstrates the electron defocusing and its effect on the saturation behaviour of the device. Content Type Journal Article Pages 157-164 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1417 Authors R.K. Singh, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd, Nodal Cell WiMAX, TPT Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: To acquire the characteristic parameters of plasma generated by hypervelocity impact, experimental system and a new Triple Langmuir probe diagnostic system are established in the paper. Triple Langmuir probe diagnostic technology does not require a voltage or frequency sweep compared to other Langmuir probe methods. The system allows the direct display of electron temperature and semidirect display of electron density by appropriate display system, this method eliminates the time consuming in data analysis required in curve-fitting current-voltage characteristics. As an example of application to time-dependent plasmas measurement, the electron temperature and electron density of plasmas were measured in hypervelocity impact experiments. Experimental results show that the Triple Langmuir probe diagnostic technology can be well used to measure electron temperature and electron density of time-evolution plasma. Content Type Journal Article Pages 117-125 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1413 Authors Enling Tang, School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China Qingming Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China Shenghai Xiang, School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China Minghai Yang, School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: The electric and magnetic field expressions of guided waves in three-layer planar waveguide containing strong chiral material have been investigated theoretically. All three layers are parallel to the walls of the waveguide. Middle layer of the waveguide is filled with the air however the other two layers are filled with strong chiral material. The behavior of field intensity in different regions of the waveguide is discussed. It is shown that the location of maximum field intensity is shifted by changing the source frequency and modes of waveguide. Content Type Journal Article Pages 139-149 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1415 Authors Muhammad Mahmood Ali, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan Muhammad Junaid Mughal, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan Arbab Abdur Rahim, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan Qaiser Abbas Naqvi, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: An analytical model of a resonant micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) with a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT)-like structure and an array of resonant cantilevers over its two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel is developed. To account for impact of fringing, spatial distributions of the electric field and sheet electron density at the surface of the HEMT channel are calculated in parametric form. Resistance of the 2DEG channel and frequency-dependent ac amplitude of the source--drain current are derived. The developed model allows evaluation of impact of fringing electric field on output source-drain current for any different number of cantilevers in the array at different spacing between them and can be used for device optimization. Content Type Journal Article Pages 93-100 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1411 Authors Ryosuke Yamase, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan Takao Maeda, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan Irina Khmyrova, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan Elena Shestakova, Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering, Moscow, Russia Evgeny Polushkin, IMT RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia Anatoly Kovalchuk, IMT RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia Sergei Shapoval, IMT RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: Lorentz Force Velocimetry is a contactless method for the flow rate measurement of electrically conducting fluids. This method is based on the interaction of the fluid flow with the transversal permanent magnetic field. The equal electromagnetic force acts on the fluid and on the magnet system. The flow rate can be determined by measuring of this electromagnetic force. The magnet system has been optimized to achieve maximal sensitivity at a given magnet system weight. The sensitivity was defined as the ratio between the Lorentz force and the magnet system weight. The numerical model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics. Validation and verification of the numerical model has been performed. The magnet system was optimized using the optimization toolbox in MATLAB. Content Type Journal Article Pages 79-92 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1410 Authors Artem Alferenok, Department of Electrothermal Energy Conversion, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany Michael Werner, Department of Inorganic-Nonmetallic Materials, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany Michael Gramss, Department of Thermo- and Magnetofluiddynamics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany Ulrich Luedtke, Department of Electrothermal Energy Conversion, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany Bernd Halbedel, Department of Inorganic-Nonmetallic Materials, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: Inspection of rebars in concrete blocks is most important issue for civil engineering applications, such as reinforcing the damaged buildings, bridges, power stations and nuclear plants. This study is concerned the research and development of a nondestructive rapid inspection technique for rebars in concrete blocks. The rebar is magnetized near to saturation by using a soft iron U-core and two magnetization coils. An inductive scanner is designed and tested to generate dimensionally accurate images of steel reinforcing components that embedded within reinforced and pre-stressed concrete for condition assessment and structural integrity monitoring. The system was locally magnetized by a U-core and then 500 turns search coil sensor with an iron core was used to capture flux leakage from surface of the concrete block at certain currents and magnetization frequencies. Content Type Journal Article Pages 65-78 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1409 Authors Deniz Perin, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey Mustafa Göktepe, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 2-3 / 2012

Beschreibung: We analyze electrically forced, transient thickness-shear vibration of a piezoelectric plate of monoclinic crystals as an acoustic wave resonator. These crystals include the widely used, rotated Y-cut quartz and langasite crystal plate resonators as special cases. A trigonometric series solution is obtained with which a few transient effects in a piezoelectric resonator under a sudden change or fluctuation of the driving voltage amplitude or frequency are calculated and examined. It is found that under a sudden change of the driving voltage amplitude the transition of the resonator vibration takes about 0.1 s for an AT-cut quartz resonator, and that a 10 Hz deviation of the driving frequency from the fundamental resonance causes a significant drop of the vibration amplitude. Content Type Journal Article Pages 27-37 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1406 Authors Nan Liu, Department of Engineering Mechanics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA Jiashi Yang, Department of Engineering Mechanics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA Feng Jin, MOE Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: The problem of scattering of a plane wave from a perfect electromagnetic conducting semi-elliptic-cylindrical boss on an infinite perfectly conducting plane, is solved using the method of separation of variables. The formulation is realized by expressing the incident, reflected, and scattered electromagnetic fields as series expansions in terms of suitable angular and radial Mathieu functions. Imposing boundary conditions at the surface of the boss plus its image on the perfectly conducting plane, allows the unknown scattered field expansion coefficients to be determined in closed form. Results are presented as normalized scattering widths for semi-elliptic-cylindrical bosses of different sizes, shapes, and perfect electromagnetic conducting admittances, to show the effects of these on scattering. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1401 Authors A.K. Hamid, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE F.R. Cooray, Kalutara, Sri Lanka Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: In this paper, the correlation between plastic deformation and the deformation-induced magnetic field was experimentally investigated for the SUS304 austenitic stainless steel. Test-pieces with different shapes were fabricated to produce different strain distribution. Various plastic tensile loads were imposed into the specimens to introduce plastic deformations of different levels. The residual strain distributions at the surfaces of the specimens were measured by an optical 2D strain measurement system during loading process while the distributions of the deformation-induced magnetic fields above the specimens were measured by using a fluxgate magnetometer after each loading cycle. The experimental results show that the amplitudes of the magnetic field have a clear and repeatable relationship with the maximum residual strains for all the specimens, and the relationship is independent of the strain distribution. Based on the experimental results, the mechanism of the deformation-induced magnetic field was discussed, and a NonDestructive Evaluation (NDE) method was proposed for the quantitative evaluation of plastic deformation in the SUS304 stainless steel. Content Type Journal Article Pages 17-26 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1405 Authors Hongmei Li, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China Zhenmao Chen, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China Yong Li, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China Toshiyuki Takagi, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Tetsuya Uchimoto, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Naoki Chigusa, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Fukui-ken, Japan Yasuhiko Yoshida, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Fukui-ken, Japan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: In the paper, the possibility of achieving negative permeability for two-component metamaterials is analytically proven. The metamaterial media are presented as an infinite host dielectric material (air) with periodically embedded ferric cylindrical and spherical inclusions saturated with a biasing external magnetic field. The appropriate frequency-dependent inequalities are obtained in the frequency range where permeability becomes negative. The cases when electromagnetic wave propagates parallel and transverse to the direction of biasing magnetic field are studied. Content Type Journal Article Pages 9-15 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1404 Authors Oleg Rybin, Department of Information Systems and Technologies, Kharkov State University of Food Technology and Trade, Kharkov, Ukraine Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: Analysis of high frequency field expressions for the Cassegrain system having perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) boundaries are studied. Both the reflectors of Cassegrain system are PEMC and are embedded in chiral medium. Two different cases have been analyzed depending upon the values of chirality parameter (kβ). In the first case, chiral medium supports positive phase velocity (PPV) for both the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) modes. In the second case, chiral medium supporting PPV for one mode and negative phase velocity (NPV) for the other mode is taken into account. Mathematical recipe proposed by the Maslov is used to obtain the field expressions in the focal region because geometrical optics (GO) causes non-realistic singularity in this region. Field patterns of focal plane are given in the paper for different values of admittance (M) of the PEMC boundary and the chirality parameter (kβ). Content Type Journal Article Pages 39-45 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1407 Authors Muhammad Qasim Mehmood, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Muhammad Junaid Mughal, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Tarim Rahim, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: One of the important problems in developing the railgun is design of the rail and the related elements. The evaluation of the loads on rails is an important task. On operation, the armature runs at an acceleration. The acceleration load can cause more complicated dynamic responses of the railgun. Here, the dynamic equation of the rail for the railgun is given, and the equations for the forced responses of the rail under constant velocity load and the acceleration load are developed. Using these equations, the dynamic displacement responses of the rail to the running electromagnetic force for various accelerations are investigated. The results show that the maximum dynamic displacement peak of the rail and its position depends on the boundary conditions and the acceleration of the running armature. The larger is the acceleration, the more obvious is the increase of the dynamic displacements under condition that the armature velocity is above the critical velocity. For a given acceleration, the effects of the damping on the dynamic displacements of the rail become more obvious when the armature velocity grows. The results are useful for design and application of the railgun system. Content Type Journal Article Pages 47-64 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2011-1408 Authors Lizhong Xu, Mechanical Engineering Institute, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China Yanbo Geng, Mechanical Engineering Institute, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: Based on the theory of molecular current hypothesis, the model of the magnetic flux intensity at a point around the cylindrical magnet is established, and a numeric method for the solution of the model is proposed. Compared with the dipole model, this method doesn't need the precondition that the distance from the magnet to the evaluation point is much larger than the maximum dimension of the magnet. At the same time, a group of the parametric values and experiment results are illustrated. Content Type Journal Article Pages 227-235 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1587 Authors Wan'an Yang, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China Gang Zhou, School of Computer Science, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China Kai Gong, The Chines University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Yan Li, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: A mathematical analytical modeling of induced current for electronic anti-fouling technology is deduced in the present study, which can directly measure induced electric field generated by excitation coil. Based on the analytical expression of induced current, average power density is presented to measure the force of electronic anti-fouling system acting on the aqueous solution, and the functional relationship between average power density and electronic anti-fouling system parameters is established, which can be made as the basis of the system parameters optimizing. By discussing the functional relationship it can be found: 1 when excitation signal frequency is higher than a certain frequency value, the increase of excitation signal frequency can't help increasing average power density effectively; 2 the coil radius is shorter or coil turns are less then the average power becomes larger. Furthermore, for proving the correctness of the proposed analytical model of induced current, an exact 2D finite element method is used to calculate induced current in a real electronic anti-fouling system, and the finite element calculation results can fit well with the results calculated by the proposed analytical model of induced current. Content Type Journal Article Pages 237-250 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1588 Authors Yong Han, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Yongping Zhao, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Xin Chai, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: In this paper, we investigate the imaging problem to determine both the shape and the conductivity of a partially immersed non-uniform conducting cylinder from the knowledge of scattered far-field pattern of TM waves by solving the ill-posed nonlinear equation. Based on the boundary condition and the measured scattered field, a set of nonlinear integral equations is derived and the inverse problem is reformulated into an optimization one. The steady-state genetic algorithm is then employed to find out the global extreme solution of the object function. As a result, the shape and the conductivity of the conductor can be obtained. Numerical results are given to demonstrate that even in the presence of noise, good reconstruction can be obtained. Content Type Journal Article Pages 215-225 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1586 Authors Wei Chien, Electronic Engineering Department, De Lin Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, China Chien-Ching Chiu, Electrical Engineering Department, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan, China Ching-Lieh Li, Electrical Engineering Department, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan, China Chi-Hsien Sun, Electrical Engineering Department, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: An accurate 3-D nonlinear transient finite-element model of an eddy current brake (ECB) has been developed, with consideration of the skin effect, eddy current distribution, nonlinear magnetization-saturation and rotation. Based on the analysis of the eddy current path (ECP) and penetration depth, the influence of principal parameters related to the braking process is analyzed. After analysis and comparison with the common round pole, a novel pole with sector shape has been developed, which brings about a significant increase of braking torque. An eight-pole ECB device with a peak torque of 4220 N · m under an excitation current of 88 A has been designed and tested for use in high-speed trains. The test results agree well with simulations. Content Type Journal Article Pages 205-214 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1585 Authors Bo Zhang, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Tao Peng, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Qiao Chen, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Quan-Liang Cao, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Kai Ji, Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Wuhan, Hubei, China Bo Shuang, Department of Electrical Machinery and Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Jun-Jie Ye, Department of Electrical Machinery and Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Liang Li, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: When the current distribution changes due to the breakage in the grounding grid, the magnetic field in the vicinity of the grounding grid will change, hence the magnetic field on the ground above the grounding can be used to detect the breakage of the grounding. In the paper, the magnetic field forward problem of the grounding grid is described firstly, and simulations were carried out when the breakage was located at different position. Results indicate that the maximum change of the magnetic flux density occurs at different measuring point when the breakage was located at different position. To achieve a more convenient method to detect the grounding grid fault, the magnetic field inverse problem of the grounding grid is presented, which is the process to calculate the current flowing in the grounding grid according to the magnetic field strength, and the method based on the global regularization and Damped Gauss-Newton method to solve the inverse problem is described, with which the ill-posed and ill-conditioning characteristic of the inverse problem can be diminished. Then the fault state of the grounding grid can be confirmed in the following way. Firstly, inject a 10∼30A current into the grounding grid, measure the magnetic field strength or the magnetic flux density at the measuring points on the ground above the grounding grid, then the current distribution can be obtained by solving the inverse problem. If the parameters of the soil are known, the resistance distribution can be obtained, with which the fault state of the grounding grid and the location of the fault can be confirmed. An equivalent model to verify the inverse problem was set up, and results indicate that the global regularization can diminish the ill-posed and ill-conditioning characteristic of the inverse problem. Content Type Journal Article Pages 173-183 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1580 Authors Fan Yang, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Yan Jiang, Chongqing Electric Power College, Chongqing, China Qinyan Shi, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Tao Chen, Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing, China Wei He, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: A time-domain inverse scattering technique for reconstructing a buried homogeneous cylinder with arbitrary cross section in a slab medium is proposed. For the forward scattering, the FDTD method is employed to calculate the scattered E fields. Base on the scattering fields, these inverse scattering problems are transformed into optimization problems. The non-uniform steady state genetic algorithm (NU-SSGA) is applied to reconstruct the location shape and permittivity of the two-dimensional homogeneous dielectric cylinder. The NU-SSGA is a population-based optimization approach that aims to minimize the objective function between measurements and computer-simulated data. A set of representative numerical results is presented for demonstrating that the proposed approach is able to efficiently reconstruct the electromagnetic properties of homogeneous dielectric scatterer even when the initial guess is far away from the exact one. In addition, the effects of Gaussian noises on the image reconstruction are also investigated. Content Type Journal Article Pages 195-204 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1584 Authors Chien-Ching Chiu, Electrical Engineering Department, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China Chung-Hsin Huang, Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: The complex effective relative permeability of a two-component ferrite-like metamaterial was studied for the two cases of electromagnetic wave propagation with respect to direction of dc magnetic bias field, namely, parallel and transverse. The metamaterial of interest is the host dielectric with periodically embedded ferric cylindrical or spherical inclusions. The inclusions are saturated with the biasing magnetic field and the magnetic losses are taken into account. The analysis was performed utilizing the Microwave Effective Medium Theory for two-component artificial composite materials with saturated lossless ferric inclusions [1]. Computations revealed that low values of refractive index as well as negative values of permeability can be achieved. Content Type Journal Article Pages 185-193 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1582 Authors Oleg Rybin, Department of Information Systems and Technologies, Kharkov State University of Food Technology and Trade, 333, Klochkovskaya St, Kharkov, 61051, Ukraine. Tel.: +380 956039107; E-mail: rybin.oleg@gmail.com Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: A finite model based on the classical laminated plate theory is presented for the unimorph piezoelectric cantilever. The formulations of static and dynamic analysis are derived from the variation principle. Three material parameter matrices of the PZT are taken into account in the present model. The static analysis of the piezoelectric cantilever is performed to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters on the output voltage, and model analysis is selected to determine the natural frequency and eigenmodes. To validate the simulation results, an experiment on a unimorph cantilver with brass substrate was carried out. The experiment results were found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. The results indicate that the finite model can be beneficial to designing ideal piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. Content Type Journal Article Pages 341-351 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1597 Authors Qingping Wang, Department of Physics and Electronics, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, China Xuebing Pei, China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, China Qi Wang, Department of Physics and Electronics, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, China Shenglin Jiang, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: Applying the plane strain approach, the flux-pinning-induced magnetostriction of a transversely isotropic functionally graded long rectangular superconducting slab is studied analytically. The effects of both the applied magnetic field and elastic property distribution on magnetostriction for different symmetric cases of the slab are shown graphically and discussed in detail. Results presented in this paper should have potential applications to the design of superconducting materials and devices. Content Type Journal Article Pages 333-340 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1596 Authors Rong Zhang, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Peng Ma, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Qing Hui Li, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: In this paper we investigate the influence of different rail coatings on melt-wave erosion (MWE) in block armatures. A two-dimensional numerical model is developed and the finite difference method is used to simulate the transient evolution of MWE. The results of numerical calculations show a local concentration of current and joule heating at the interface, and MWE occurs at the trailing corner of the block armature. Five different pure metals are used as the rail coatings to improve the launching performance of the railgun. Important electrical parameters of coatings are analyzed through comparing the axial erosion distance and the vertical gap thickness. It is observed that the coating materials with a higher electrical conductivity than that of rail material are helpful to delay the spread of MWE. The results are inspiring and contribute to apply the rail coatings to solid-armature railguns. Content Type Journal Article Pages 323-331 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1595 Authors Fei Gong, National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Chun-Sheng Weng, National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: An analytical solution is found for equations of AC and DC-operated MHD micropump with circular channel. The kind of fluid is Newtonian and the flow generated by the Lorentz force is assumed to be laminar, unidirectional, and one-dimensional. The effect of Hartman number and radius is studied on the velocity and volumetric flow rate profiles and a relation for optimum Hartman number and radius which causing maximum volumetric flow rate is found. Finally DC-operated MHD micropump is compared with AC-operated. Content Type Journal Article Pages 309-322 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1594 Authors Saied Moghaddam, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: saiedmoghaddam@iust.ac.ir Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The present study deals with the propagation of electromagnetic fields and power in a circular waveguide, with D'B'-boundary conditions, internally coated with chiral-nihility medium. The electromagnetic fields inside the two layer circular waveguide defined by D'B'-boundary conditions, with one layer containing free space while other layer containing chiral-nihility medium, is investigated. D'B'-boundary conditions require vanishing of derivatives of the normal field components of D and B vectors, hence named as D'B'-boundary conditions. It has been investigated that unlike to the chiral-nihility coated perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEC) waveguide, there is a non-zero power transfer in chiral-nihility region in waveguide with D'B' boundary conditions. Content Type Journal Article Pages 301-308 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1593 Authors Muhammad Haseeb Hassan, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Muhammad Junaid Mughal, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Abdul Razzaq Farooqi, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The paper describes the procedure for selection of electromagnetic parameters which govern the Electromagnetic Welding (EMW) process. EMW is a specific application of electromagnetic Forming (EMF). The metallic bodies get deformed and eventually collide to get welded. Hence it is classified as deformation bond. It is observed that the parameters such as input electrical energy, ringing frequency, coil geometry, coil conductor section, job material and it's configuration play a very important role in achieving the welding. In addition to this, the separation distance between the two colliding bodies (plates in the present case) is also a crucial parameter. These parameters together decide the resultant collision velocity. The collision velocity in turn decides the strength of weld joint. The procedure is formulated based on computational and experimental observations as applied to 1 and 2 mm thick aluminium plates. This procedure could be extended for other materials and their combinations (such as similar or dissimilar and of different dimensions). Content Type Journal Article Pages 293-300 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1592 Authors Satendra Kumar, Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India S.V. Desai and, Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India D.P. Chakravarthy, Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper presents an enforced fuzzy logic control (EFLC) implementation on a ball and plate system (B&P) for dynamic control verifications. A two degree-of-freedom (DOF) platform is constructed for experiments using hybrid magnetic suspension (MS) actuators. The EFLC adds an enforcing rule to buffer the running ball to approach the target. It reduces the overshoot, shortens the settling time, and improves the overall performance significantly. The mathematical model of the ball and plate operation is derived through the Euler-Lagrange equation. Using a commercial touch panel as position sensor, a microprocessor controller is implemented on the proposed system to generated Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control signals to activate the MS actuators. The tests verify the random position tracking and trajectory tracking performance on the MS B&P with different conditions. This proposed system could be applied to prevent turn over as an active device in transportation field. Content Type Journal Article Pages 259-281 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1590 Authors Chin E. Lin, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, China Wei Cheng Huang, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: A numerically efficient method for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of shielding effectiveness (SE) of large shielding enclosures has been proposed in this paper. FDTD has been widely applied in the SE analysis, but it is difficult to analyze the SE using the standard FDTD method when large shielding enclosures with thin-slots are involved. To model the narrow apertures without involving too much memory occupation, the thin-slot formalism is adopted. The parallel implementation is induced into the simulation in order to overcome the limitation of a single processor's memory. To decrease the simulating time, windowing technique is used in the SE analysis. By using these artifices, the FDTD analysis of large shielding enclosures can be carried out efficiently. Content Type Journal Article Pages 251-258 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1589 Authors Run Xiong, National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment and Electro-Optical Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Bin Chen, National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment and Electro-Optical Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Zhaoyang Cai, National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment and Electro-Optical Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Qiang Chen, National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment and Electro-Optical Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: The characteristics of guided modes in the circular waveguide filled with uniaxial chiral medium have been investigated. The dispersion equation of guided modes is derived. The dispersion curves, energy flux of guided modes for three kinds of uniaxial chiral media are presented. Abnormal dispersion characteristics and negative energy flux are found, i.e., backward wave is supported in the uniaxial chiral waveguide. It is also shown that the ± m order guided modes have the same propagation constants. Content Type Journal Article Pages 283-292 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1591 Authors Jian-Feng Dong, Institute of Optical Fiber Communication and Network Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China Jie Li, Institute of Optical Fiber Communication and Network Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper proposes a rotor-design strategy of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) considering various design constraints for a fuel-cell electric vehicle. The conventional process in the rotor design only considers the magnitude of the iron loss or the magnet loss while neglecting the loss distributions in the rotor core. This approach results in a design where losses are accumulated on a localized region in the rotor core, especially in the case of IPMSM with a fractional number of slots per pole. This can cause significant irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets since the rotor core usually suffers from poor heat transfer. The proposed strategy targets this problem by focusing on the loss distributions according to driving condition. In addition, it offers a parallel approach where mechanical stress analysis is combined with the rotor design process in order to guarantee mechanical strength by centrifugal force at maximum speed. The validity of proposed method was verified by comparing simulation result using the finite element method with experimental data. Content Type Journal Article Pages 51-66 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1429 Authors Dong-Kyun Woo, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Dong-Kuk Lim, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Hyun-Kyo Jung, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: This paper describes the use of anisotropic substrates to improve Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) response. Initially, we present the entire formulation to analysis of FSS on anisotropic dielectric substrates. After this, we present numerical and experimental results to point out that the use of anisotropic substrates can improve the FSS response. Those results are compared with isotropic substrates for the same structures. Finally, conclusions are listened. Content Type Journal Article Pages 19-25 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1421 Authors Antonio Luiz Pereira de Siqueira Campos, Communication Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN, Brazil, CEP: 59072-970. Tel./Fax: +55 21 84 3215 3767; E-mail: antonio.luiz@pq.cnpq.br Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: To mitigate the severe drillstring vibration during oil and gas drilling, this paper presents a design of mixed mode magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper based on the electromagnetic finite element analysis and Bingham plastic model. The 2D axisymmetric finite element model has been established, and a structural optimization method on the base of magnetic circuit design has also been put forward. The effects of structural parameters such as the radius of bobbin, the thickness of cylinder and the active bobbin length on the flux density inside the fluid gap have been analyzed, which consequently obtain the appropriate design with a higher and more even magnetic intensity. Besides, this analysis has found the relations between damping force, amplifying factor and vibration velocity under different field currents by a typical Bingham plastic model and test data when considering the negative effects of temperature on MR fluid, finally, made prediction on the performance of the MR fluid damper. The main research of the paper lays an important foundation to develop control strategy of the MR fluid damper for drillstring. Content Type Journal Article Pages 67-83 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1430 Authors Xiaohua Zhu, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Chunlin Lai, College of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: A theoretical investigation is made for the problem of electromagnetic field focussing by wide angle spherical reflector receiving obliquely incident plane waves of linearly polarized monochromatic radiation. The Maslov's method has been applied to determine the electromagnetic fields in the caustic region of the reflector. High frequency field expression which contains caustic region is converted into caustic free field expression by transforming the situation into hybrid domain. The high-frequency field solution that contains the caustic region is obtained from geometrical optics. The defect in high frequency solution due to geometrical optics is overcome by Maslov's method. Two cases of polarization of the incident wave have been considered, namely, (1) with the field parallel and (2) perpendicular to the meridional plane of incidence. The numerical computations are made to study the behavior of field intensity in caustic region using Maslov's method. The analytical and numerical results obtained from Maslov's method are also compared with method of angular spectrum which are in agreement. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1420 Authors Abdul Ghaffar, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Shakeel Ahmed, Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Q.A. Naqvi, Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: The present study deals with the propagation of electromagnetic fields and power in a circular waveguide, with DB-boundary conditions, internally coated with chiral-nihility medium. The two layer circular waveguide defined by DB-boundary conditions, with one layer containing free space while other layer containing chiral-nihility medium, is investigated. DB-boundary conditions require vanishing of normal field components of the D and B vectors, hence termed as DB-boundary conditions. It has been studied that there is non-zero electric and magnetic fields in free space as well as in chiral-nihility medium in a circular waveguide defined by DB-boundary conditions. Hence, there is non-zero power transfer both in nihility as well as non-nihility regions Content Type Journal Article Pages 27-35 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1426 Authors Muhammad Haseeb Hassan, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Muhammad Junaid Mughal, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Muhammad Mahmood Ali, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Qaiser Abbas Naqvi, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 1 / 2012

Beschreibung: It is known that skewed rotor structure for electrical machines can reduce torque ripple and radial force which will produce the unwanted vibration and noise, however, utilizing this structure can also affect other parameters of machine such as the average torque, the inductance, the flux-linkage and the magnetic energy and so on. This drawback always shows in the special and popular machines-switched reluctance motors. In this paper, different skewed angles of rotor and their effects on the key electromagnetic parameters are analyzed for switched reluctance motor. During the whole analysis process, three-dimensional finite element method is used to model, mesh, solve, and plot the results. Especially, the properties of the magnetic materials, the complex motor geometry, the effects of magnetic saturation and end windings were considered. Simulated and compared results show that an appropriate skewed angle selected can reduce the radial force largely but not make the average torque decreasing badly, which can be observed from the final conclusion: under the skewed angle of 5°, the radial force is reduced of 56.2%, the average torque is only reduced of 18.9%. So, if the target of designing for switched reluctance motors is to reduce the vibration and noise to be the most extent, then selecting an appropriate skewed structure for rotor shape is an effective way. Content Type Journal Article Pages 149-163 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1581 Authors Jingjun Zhang, Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Heibei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China Haijun Zhang, Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Heibei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China Guangbin Ding, Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Heibei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China Ruizhen Gao, Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Heibei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China Rong Long, Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Heibei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 2 / 2012

Beschreibung: An analysis was made of the diffusional creep in polycrystalline materials when subjected to simultaneous action of tensile stress and electric current. Incorporating the contribution of electromigration to atomic diffusion in grain boundaries, the problem of grain boundary diffusion was solved. A simple relationship was derived between diffusional creep rate and local electric field intensity (current density). The results showed that electromigration can enhance the diffusional creep in polycrystalline materials. Content Type Journal Article Pages 165-171 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1583 Authors Shan-Shan Shao, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Fuqian Yang, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Fu-Zhen Xuan, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 2 / 2012

Beschreibung: In order to diagnose electromagnetic properties and light flash characteristics generated by hypervelocity impact, the diagnostic systems of sweep Langmuir probe(SLP) and triple Langmuir probe (TLP) for electron temperature and electron density in plasma were established, properties of magnetic field were obtained by using coil measurement system established, and characteristics of light flash were also acquired through optical pyrometer measurement system during the whole physical process in hypervelocity impact, Experimental results showed that the average electron temperature of the triple Langmuir probe was near 0.75 eV on the whole physical process, the average electron density in the experiment was about. However, the electron temperature and electron density of plasma acquired by using t he sweep Langmuir probe were lower than the values by using triple Langmuir probe. The peak value of magnetic induction intensity induced by plasma was 9.8 × 10^{11}/cm^3 during the hypervelocity impacts, and light flash intensity peak value was 40–50 mW.cm^{-2}.nm^{-1} in the experimental conditions in the paper. Content Type Journal Article Pages 85-99 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1431 Authors Enling Tang, School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China Qingming Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China Shenghai Xiang, School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China Minghai Yang, School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China Fusheng Liu, Laboratory of High Pressure Physics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mingjian Zhang, Laboratory of High Pressure Physics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 2 / 2012

Beschreibung: With the aim of introducing a computationally efficient solution for problems such as the fast computation of magnetic field magnitudes and forces in coils and windings, this paper presents analytical expressions for the magnetic vector potential and magnetic field intensity in radial and axial directions due to a finite cylinder with infinitesimal wall thickness carrying a linearly varying current density between the values at the lower and upper ends. All expressions have been derived in terms of complete elliptic integrals of first, second and third kind, whose evaluation is achieved by means of very fast algorithms. The formulas presented make possible the fast computation of magnetic field at any point in space at reduced computational cost. The formulation is not only specially suited for modeling the current distribution in foil windings of power transformers but also for representing the magnetization of transformer core legs. The present method is also useful for efficient modeling of cylinders with constant current density since it is a generalization of this especial case. Finally, an example is presented where the results achieved using the proposed method are compared with those obtained using the finite element method showing a very good agreement between them. Content Type Journal Article Pages 133-147 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1434 Authors Guillermo A. Díaz, Instituto de Energía Eléctrica-Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina Enrique E. Mombello, Instituto de Energía Eléctrica-Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina Voss Stephan, Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Transformers, Nuremberg, Germany Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 2 / 2012

Beschreibung: The 2D problems of a soft ferromagnetic solid with collinear cracks are studied based on the complex variable method. First, the general solutions for potential functions of magnetic fields and stress fields are derived by using magnetically permeable, impermeable and conducting crack models, respectively. Then, for special cases of one and two cracks, more explicit solutions are given for potential functions and intensity factors of total stresses. Finally, numerical results are presented to discuss the effects of applied magnetic loading on fracture behavior of the ferromagnetic solid. It is found that the total stresses always have the classical singularity of the r^{ - 1/2} type at the crack tips for the considered three crack models, and the applied magnetic loading may either enhance or retard crack growth depending on the adopted crack models. Content Type Journal Article Pages 113-132 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1433 Authors Chao Chang, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Cun-Fa Gao, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Yan Shi, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 3 / 2012

Beschreibung: To quantitatively evaluate the strength of information leakage arising from computer under shielding conditions, a mathematic model is established for information leakage based on near-field measurement results by using the equivalence principle. In order to study the leakage threshold and the shielding performance for information leakage, the notions of Information Identifying Degree, Information Resolution Threshold and Computer Security Defence Distance are formalized respectively. Then, Information Identifying Degree, Information Resolution Threshold and Computer Security Defence Distance are analyzed. So, the strength of information leakage is quantitatively assessed under different shielding levels and distance. The simulation results show that FCC and MIL461C standards are not suitable for the evaluation of information leakage and even strictly standard should be considered. At last, new shielding levels of information leakage are marked off and the shielding effects are assessed by using Information Resolution Threshold. This research aptly provides a quantitative evaluation method for assessing the information leakage strength and presents a means to evaluate information leakage shielding effectiveness of computers. Content Type Journal Article Pages 101-111 DOI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1432 Authors Hongxin Zhang, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China Jinling Zhang, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China Danzhi Wang, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China Yinghua Lu, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China Journal International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Online ISSN 1875-8800 Print ISSN 1383-5416 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 2 / 2012