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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 60 (1977), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Aspergillus fumigatus ; Spore formation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 61 (1977), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Prototheca ; Colorless alga ; Plastids ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An ultrastructural investigation of six different species of Prototheca showed that all of them contained starch grains enclosed in double-membrane-bounded structures recognized as plastids. It is concluded that these unicellular species of Prototheca must be considered as non-photosynthetic algae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amorphous mineral ; Bone ; Electron microscopy ; Ultracryotomy ; Ultramicro-incineration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the extracellular phase of avian medullary bone and embryonic chick femur was examined in thin sections prepared by ultracryotomy and ultramicroincineration. Since contact with solutions was completely avoided, little or no loss or dislocation of mineral constituents could occur. Amorphous bone mineral (ABM) was present in two forms: as 15–30 nm spheres and as a structure-free haze. Removal of all organic material by low temperature ashing left the ABM intact. Crystals were usually associated with the ABM. In newly ossifying regions clusters or nodules of randomly oriented crystals and ABM appeared to coalesce when they reached approximately 1 μm in diameter. In highly calcified regions crystals appeared to be oriented along collagen fibers. ABM did not appear to be associated with collagen. Unmineralized collagen was visible in osteoid after staining with dry OsO4 vapor and it appeared to be diverted around nodules. Structures which resembled matrix vesicles were present. Selected area electron diffraction patterns indicated the presence of hydroxyapatite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amelogenesis imperfecta ; Hypocalcification ; Hypoplasia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural study of teeth with amelogenesis imperfecta revelaed various aspects of microcavities in the enamel surface, which ranged from isolated imprints of ameloblasts corresponding to the mildest lesions at the end of amelogenesis, to pits caused by the death of 20 to 30 ameloblasts at the beginning of amelogenesis. Abnormalities in the shape of the prisms can be observed. Further, crystals are distributed randomly within a prism or at the junction of 2 contiguous prisms while intercrystalline spaces are widened, indicating in various places the lack of a preferred orientation of the crystals. In amelogenesis imperfecta, two different crystalline periods are found: 1 of about 250 Å, the other of about 500 Å and over. The fact that amorphous areas are found among the crystals of enamel may be related to different stages of crystallization. However, it was not possible to find any lattice defect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Cementum ; Lysis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Examination of microradiographs from the deciduous teeth of pigs revealed large lacunae or radiolucent zones close to the cemento-dentinal junction. Electron microscopic studies of the ground sections showed areas or irregularly shaped zones devoid of mineral and filled with collagen fibers. In the wide unmineralized zones, spherical clusters of crystallites were noted. Several cementum lacunae bordered by a broad rim of unmineralized collagen fibers were noted and some lacunae also contained zones of a moderately electron dense material. This material did not yield a diffraction pattern, while the mineralized part of the cementum gave the diffraction pattern typical of hydroxyapatite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Gliding bacterium ; Simonsiella ; Oral cavity ; Electron microscopy ; Morphology ; Dorsal-ventral differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of the aerobic, Gram-negative multicellular-filamentous bacteria of the genus Simonsiella were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flat, ribbon-shaped, multicellular filaments show dorsal-ventral differentiation with respect to their orientations to solid substrata. The dorsal surface, orientated away from the substrate, is convex and possesses an unstructured capsule. The ventral surface, on which the organisms adhere and glide, is concave and has an extracellular layer with fibrils extending at right angles from the cell wall. The cytoplasm in the ventral region contains a proliferation of intracytoplasmic membranes and few ribosomes in comparison to the cytoplasm in other parts of the cell. Centripetal cell wall formation is asymmetrical and commences preferentially in the ventral region. Quantitative differences in morphology and cytology exist among selected Simonsiella strains. Functional aspects of this dorsalventral differentiation are discussed with respect to the colonization and adherence of Simonsiella to mucosal squamous epithelial cells in its ecological habitat, the oral cavities of warm-blooded vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Acetobacterium woodii ; Hydrogen-oxidizing acetate-forming anaerobe ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Acetobacterium woodii is a Gram-positive anaerobic nonsporeforming bacterium able to grow on H2 and CO2 as sole sources of energy. The product of fermentation is acetic acid. Fine structural analysis showed rod-shaped flagellated cells, and coccoid cells without flagella arranged predominantly in pairs and chains. The cell wall was found to be composed of three layers. The cell surface exhibited a periodic array of particles consisting of subunits. The cytoplasmic membrane showed particles either either in random distribution or in a hexagonal pattern. Intracytoplasmic membranes were rarely observed, whereas inclusion bodies of varying shapes, predominantly in an uncommon disc-shape, could frequently be observed. Their content was dissolved in ultrathin sections indicating hydrophobic nature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 237-247 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Defective lysogeny ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Simultaneous isolation technique ; Temperate bacteriophages ; Pseudomonas pseudoflava ; Biological characterization ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Widespread defective lysogeny was detected in Alcaligenes eutrophus by electron microscopic analysis of cultures. Mitomycin C treatment of the cultures resulted in the production of defective (inco-) particles. Polysheaths were produced both with and without induction. With the simultaneous isolation technique six phages were isolated for hydrogen-oxidizing strains of the new species Pseudomonas pseudoflava. The phages were able to replicate under autotrophic conditions and were found to have a very restricted host range. Electron microscopic analysis allowed classification into two structural groups. Group I contained phages with contractile tails; group II contained phages with flexible, noncontractile tails. All but one (gb) of the new phages were shown to be temperate by isolation of lysogens and induction with mitomycin C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 112 (1977), S. 207-218 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cryptophyceae ; Algae ; Hemiselmis rufescens ; Chroomonas ; Cryptomonas ; Mitochondrial complex ; Cristae ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The unitary nature of the mitochondrion and the characteristic flattened finger-like morphology of the cristae were demonstrated in the Cryptophyceae. Hemiselmis rufescens contained an unbranched vermi-form mitochondrion in contrast to the variously branched complex, comprising an interconnected peripheral and central reticulum, in Chroomonas sp. and strains of Cryptomonas. The systematic value of the shape and distribution of the mitochondria in the examined genera was suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 185-198 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Synechococcus lividus ; Cyanobacteria ; Carbon dioxide ; Electron microscopy ; Bleaching-regreening
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of carbon dioxide on pigment and membrane content in Synechococcus lividus was studied by depriving cells of CO2 and examining cell populations biochemically and by electron microscopy. After 120 h of CO2 deprivation, S. lividus lost all detectable chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin. Such bleached cultures were “mustard yellow”, the result of approximately 1.8 times more carotenoid per cell than green control cultures. Although cells from beached cultures appeared morphologically identical to control green cells when examined by light microscopy, electron microscopic examination revealed them to be devoid of detectable thylakoid membrane. Thylakoid membrane could not be recovered by physical isolation or revealed by freeze etching of bleached S. lividus. In addition, inclusion bodies characteristically found in S. lividus were also absent. Reintroduction of CO2 into bleached cultures resulted in a rapid resynthesis of both chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin. Electron microscopic examination of these regreening cultures revealed that thylakoid membrane was also rapidly resynthesized. Growth of regreened cultures did not occur until there was the synthesis of a full complement of chlorophyll a, C-phycocyanin, and thylakoid membrane. A time course study of the cytological events occurring during bleaching and regreening is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 23-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lateral line organ ; Shark (Mustelus manazo) ; Neuromasts ; Cell types ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The lateral line organ of the spotted shark is characterized by its semi-cylindrical shape. Each organ (neuromast) is so closely apposed to the next that the individual neuromasts are almost continuous. The neuromast is composed of receptor cells, supporting cells and mantle cells. The receptor cells bear one kinocilium and up to 40 stereocilia. Bi-directional arrangement of the receptor cells as occurs in teleosts was demonstrated. Afferent and efferent nerve endings were found at the base of the receptor cells. The supporting cells extend from the basal lamina to the free surface. Long microvilli and a cilium-like “ciliary rod” project from the top of each supporting cell. The cell contains relatively few elements of the Golgi apparatus and little rough endoplasmic reticulum, but mitochondria and filaments are abundant. The mantle cell limits the lateral margin of the neuromast. It is distinguished from the supporting cell because of its long crescent-shaped nucleus and scarce, short microvilli. Myelinated nerve fibres are found in the subepithelial connective tissue but not in the epithelium. The fine structure of the shark lateral line organ suggests that this organ is in an intermediated step of evolution between that of lamprey and teleost.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 191-203 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): OsO4 ; Cholesterol ; Symbiotes ; Aphids ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pea aphids left for 48 h in unbuffered osmium tetroxide show heavy staining of many organelles in the symbiote-containing cells (mycetocytes and sheath), embryos and oenocytes very similar to that characteristic of mammalian sterol-synthesizing cells. However, the staining of the pea-aphid cells is, to a large extent, dependent on the presence of cholesterol benzoate, or free cholesterol, in the aphid's diet. In aphids cultured in vitro with 3H mevalonate in the presence of added cholesterol, the incorporation of label into the cholesterol and lanosterol fractions is significantly reduced. If the dietary cholesterol effects a similar inhibition in vivo, the cholesterol-dependent osmium staining could be due to precursors(s) of cholesterol accumulating in the intracellular sites described. There is also osmium staining of large (normally electron-transparent) vacuoles in mycetocytes, gut and fat body, irrespective of dietary cholesterol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 417-429 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fat body ; Galleria mellonella ; Basement membrane ; Ruthenium red staining ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fat body lobes of Galleria mellonella are surrounded by basement membrane — a fine granular layer of connective tissue. This membrane has an affinity for ruthenium red. The results obtained after treatment of the fat body with neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase C and proteolytic enzymes suggest that glycoproteins and phospholipoproteins are constituents of this basement membrane. The basement membrane also has the ability to bind concanavalin A-peroxidase, which is associated with the presence of mannoside residues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscle ; Protamine ; Endocytosis ; Autophagic vacuolation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The uptake in vitro of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in mouse skeletal muscle was examined by electron microscopy and chemical determination. In muscles exposed to an HRP solution for 60 min at +37°C, HRP infiltrated the basal lamina of muscle fibres and caused an intense labelling of their sarcolemma. In addition HRP was found within the transverse tubules. Exposure to HRP for 30 min at +37°C followed by HRP together with a polycationic protein (protamine) for 30 min at +37°C caused an intracellular vesicular uptake of HRP. Intracellular HRP was found in numerous vesicles, membrane limited bodies and vacuoles. Protamine also induced focal autophagic vacuolation with progressive muscle fibre degeneration. An intracellular HRP uptake or muscle cell vacuolation could not be detected in the absence of protamine or when the incubation temperature was + 4°C. Chemical determination of HRP uptake was in general agreement with the morphological results. The uptake of HRP in the presence of protamine was stimulated at +31°C and blocked at +4°C. The results suggest that in skeletal muscle in vitro intracellular uptake of macromolecules occurs by endocytosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Electron dense plaques ; Pancreatic islets ; Parathyroids ; Electron microscopy ; Calcium binding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Small electron dense plaques (EDP) were found in the plasma membrane of pancreatic islet A-, B- and D-cells and parathyroid chief cells of mice and gerbils. The identification of the EDP was facilitated by the use of special fixation techniques. The EDP may represent sites of calcium binding in the cell membranes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 127-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microtubules ; Retina ; Electron microscopy ; Rainbow trout
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the retina of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson) two types of microtubular structures are demonstrated. Besides the normal type of microtubules (about 200 Å in diameter), occurring in all cell types of the retina, a second type is described which is termed microtubule-like structure (MLS) because of its extracellular localization. These MLS have a diameter of about 250 Å under the same preparative conditions in which the normal microtubules appear 180–200 Å thick. The interspace between the tubules is smaller than between the microtubules. Specific MLS to membrane associations exist, which are analyzed by serial sectioning and tilting procedures. It is suggested that the MLS have their origin at small membranous extrusions of the plasmalemma. These extrusions could contain nucleation sites for the MLS-formation within the extracellular space. It remains unknown which cell type produces the MLS proteins and which factors are responsible for the aggregation of the subunits to intact MLS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 221-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Actin-like filaments ; Myoid cell ; Testis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Microfilaments in the myoid cells of the peritubular tissue in the mouse, swine and human testis bind heavy meromyosin (HMM) and form arrowhead complexes. The periodicity of the arrowhead complexes is about 35 nm. Individual filaments show arrowheads that point in the same direction. Opposing polarity of the HMM-bound filaments is also observed. The microfilaments do not bind HMM in the presence of 10 mM ATP. After treatment with the contraction medium of Hoffmann-Berling, the filaments appear to be undulated. These observations indicate that the microfilaments in the myoid cell are actin-like in nature. A small number of thicker filaments (about 10 nm in diameter) which do not bind HMM is also observed in the cell. Microfibrils which have been reported around the human myoid cell are also found in the swine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Optic neuropile ; Crustacea ; Catecholamine ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The crustacean optic neuropiles, the lamina ganglionaris and especially the medulla externa, show a specific pattern of green fluorescence with the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck-Hillarp. Normally, only the terminals and the cell bodies fluoresce, but in reserpine-treated animals exogenous catecholamines are taken up by the whole adrenergic neuron and are thus visualized as a whole. Incubating crayfish optic neuropiles in dopamine or α-methylnoradrenaline after reserpine treatment demonstrated a tangential neuron connecting the lamina and the medulla externa. The morphology of this tangential neuron differs from the two types of tangential neurons, Tan1 and Tan2, previously characterized with Golgi techniques. The catecholaminergic neuron thus constitutes a third tangential neuron type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 401-407 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microtubules ; Sciatic nerve (rat) ; Tannic acid ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tannic acid in glutaraldehyde was used to stain microtubules in myelinated and unmyelinated axons of rat sciatic nerve. In the majority of areas the tannic acid failed to penetrate the unmyelinated axons whilst penetrating neighbouring myelinated axons, suggesting a difference in the ability of the two types of nerves to exclude tannic acid. Where tannic acid had penetrated the unmyelinated axons the 13 protofilament substructure and size of the microtubules appeared identical to those seen in the myelinated axons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Albinism ; Pigment epithelium ; Tyrosinase ; Electron microscopy ; Carassius auratus L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural studies, and cytochemical and biochemical determinations of tyrosinase activity were conducted on the pigment epithelium of albino and xanthic goldfish eyes. In eyes of xanthic goldfish, two types of melanosomes are present, spherical and elongated. Melanized melanosomes are absent in the eyes of the albino goldfish, but elongated lamellar premelanosomes are observed. Internal vesicles are present in both melanosome types in the pigment epithelium of the xanthic goldfish but are absent in premelanosomes of the albino. There are also differences in the distribution of lipid droplets, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes with the latter two being more abundant in the albino. Tyrosinase was not identified cytochemically; however, the enzyme was demonstrated biochemically in the pigment epithelia of both albino and xanthic goldfish. The enzyme is associated with the particulate and soluble fractions of both types of eyes. Particulate albino tyrosinase may be solubilized by triton X-100 treatment. Tyrosinase inhibitors are present in the particulate fractions of both albino and xanthic goldfish eyes. Thus, in the goldfish, ocular albinism appears to be a multiple defect at the molecular and ultrastructural levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 407-416 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Chick embryo ; Electron microscopy ; Glial differentiation ; Neuron differentiation ; Reaggregation cultures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Dissociation and reaggregation cultures from different portions of the chick embryo neural tube were made, and the resulting aggregates were fixed for electron microscopy after 1, 5, 8, 14, 16 and 22 days in vitro. All cultures (pure aggregates of telencephalon, optic lobe or neural retina, and combined aggregates made from mixtures of optic lobe plus neural retina or optic lobe plus telencephalon) show a common timing of neuronal and glial morphological differentiation. During the first week in vitro, some cells developed neuronal characteristics in the absence of morphological evidence of glial differentiation. Numerous axonic processes usually formed fascicles with all the fibers running parallel to each other. Axonic growth cones were abundant and a few immature synapses were also present. The second week in culture was characterized by the disappearance of growth cones and the increase in number and morphological maturation of synapses. Morphologically detectable glial differentiation began by the end of this week, and during the third week almost every neuronal element, including the axonic fascicles, became associated with glial cells showing astrocytic features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gastric mucous cells ; Differentiation ; 3H-thymidine incorporation ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Gastric surface mucous cells (SMC), mucous neck cells (MNC) and their undifferentiated and immature precursors were studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. The secretory granules of SMC were smaller, more electron dense and more reactive to PAS and its analogues than those of MNC. Alcian blue demonstrated that the mucus of SMC was acidic and that of MNC was neutral. The periodic acid —thiocarbohydrazide —silver proteinate method revealed the presence of carbohydrates in the Golgi apparatus, condensing vacuoles, secretory granules, apical vesicles and tubules and cell coat. Maturation of SMC during their migration towards the free surface was reflected by an increase in size and number of secretory granules, an increase of RER and microfilaments, and a decrease of microvilli and apical vesicles and tubules. The secretory granules of older SMC were less acidic and possessed a proteinaceous core. Most MNC were fully differentiated, but some immature MNC containing only a few granules were found. Furthermore, undifferentiated cells and intermediates between SMC and MNC were also observed. The presence of both transitional and intermediate forms indicates that both SMC and MNC arise from the same population of undifferentiated cells. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine revealed that undifferentiated cells, isthmic SMC, MNC and intermediate cells are proliferative. No proliferative activity was found in foveolar SMC, parietal, chief, fibrillovesicular or endocrine cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 159-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle transplantation ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rat soleus muscles were autografted from right to left legs, and regeneration following necrosis of all original myofibres was studied after 7 to 250 days. The best regenerates were from grafts replacing all calf muscles and sutured to the tendon stumps. After 30 days the size of such regenerates was equal to those from minced gastrocnemius muscles: the cross sectional area of muscle tissue was 30% (1.7 mm2) and the number of fibres was 180% (4500) of normal soleus muscles; the fibre diameters were 10 to 40 μm. To increase the number of myoblasts before grafting some muscles were injured by Ringer solution of 70° C and transplanted after 2 days. Nevertheless, this did not influence regeneration. After 7 days clusters of myotubes occurred in the periphery of the muscle. These myotubes originated from myoblasts growing like endothelial cells on the inner face of the persisting basal lamina tubes of necrotic fibres. After 30 days the muscles were vascularized. Fibres formed in a common basal lamina detached and so looked “split”. Satellite cells of new fibres came from undifferentiated cells associated with myotubes, i.e. from myoblasts. After 30 days and more regenerates contained three sorts of fibres. 1. Thin (5 to 20 μm) fibres resembling fetal muscle fibres. They were most prominent after 30 days, and probably not yet innervated. 2. Thin (10 μm) degenerating fibres as in long-time denervated muscles. 3. Thick (more than 30 μm) mature looking fibres which were innervated and revealed end-plates. Half of the grafts studied after 30 and 60 days contained unmyelinated and myelinated axons which had grown along strands of surviving Schwann cells. After 250 days, only two muscles were studied which both lacked innervation. Almost all regenerates contained muscle spindles, which, however, were not innervated. Within the persisting spindle capsules new muscle fibres had been formed from satellite cells of the former intrafusal fibres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 247-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal medulla ; In vitro ; Phase contrast microscopy ; Catecholamine histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Explants and enzyme-dispersed cells of adrenal medulla from 10–12 day old rats were studied in culture for up to 3 weeks. Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, nerve cells and satellite cells were clearly discernible. The nerve cells were few in number and did not show catecholaminespecific fluorescence. Chromaffin cells stored catecholamines, as judged by the Falck and Hillarp method, in varying amounts decreasing with age of the cultures and the distance from the explants. Exocytosis profiles observed with the electron microscope suggested that cultured chromaffin cells also released catecholamines. Moreover, the cells formed processes and frequently migrated into the outgrowth. After 6 days in culture, the great majority of chromaffin cells stored noradrenaline as revealed by electron microscopy with few adrenaline-storing cells being visible. Granular vesicles (∼ 80–240 nm in diameter) with cores of different electron densities were occasionally present in the same cell suggesting the occurrence of mixtures of primary and secondary amines. Apart from “chromaffin” granules, small clear and densecored vesicles (∼ 40–60 nm) were found both in the somata and cell processes. Chromaffin cells and their processes were often closely apposed and occasionally formed specialized attachment zones. As a whole, chromaffin cells in culture resembled small granule-containing cells in sympathetic ganglia. 0.5 mM dbcAMP prevented dedifferentiation of chromaffin cells as judged by the lack of processes, the size and amount of “chromaffin” granules and the high number of adrenaline-storing cells present after 6 days in culture. NGF caused a striking increase in the number of axons growing out from expiants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 291-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Tupaia ; Gap junctions ; Renin ; Freeze-fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The vascular pole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in Tupaia belangeri was studied with special reference to the intercellular contacts of the periendothelial cells and the endothelium of the vas afferens. The periendothelial cells of the vascular pole of the glomerulum are connected by numerous gap junctions; and the granulated epithelial cells are suggested to form a functional unit. Probably there is a continuity of this system troughout the entire vascular pole including (1) all granulated cells, (2) all lacis cells, (3) the mesangium cells and (4) the adjacent smooth muscle cells of the vas afferens and vas efferens. Analysis of the endothelial junctions shows a zonular arrangement of tight junctions indicating a rather tight blood-tissue barrier next to the glomerular vascular pole. The ultrastructure of the different cell types of the vas afferens is also described, emphasizing the granulated epithelial cells and their innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gut epithelium ; Ciona intestinalis, Mytilus edulis ; Endocrinecells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural evidence has been found for the presence of polypeptide hormone-producing cells in the gut of Ciona intestinalis L. and Mytilus edulis L. which do not appear to have been described before. Due to their localization and ultrastructural characteristics, it is suggested that the cells in Mytilus edulis probably produce an insulin-like substance and that some of these cells in Ciona intestinalis may produce 5-HT (5-Hydroxytryptamine). In each species only one granulated cell type can be observed. The granules, which are electron dense and membrane bound, also show a halo. The average diameter of the granules is 100–200 nm for Ciona and 200–400 nm for Mytilus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 539-553 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sensory receptors ; Peripatopsis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three types of sensilla occurring on the lips and on the antennae of Peripatopsis moseleyi have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. On the lips sensory spines can be found which contain numerous cilia originating from bipolar receptor cells. They reach the tip of the spine where the cuticle is modified. The perikarya of the sensory cells, a large supporting cell with a complicated surface and a second type of receptor, form a bud-like structure and are surrounded by a layer of collagen fibrils. The second receptor cell bears apical stereocilia as well as a kinocilium which are directed towards the centre of the animal — thus the cell appears to be turned upside down. The sensilla of the antennae are 1) sensory bristles containing two or three kinds of receptor cells, one of which bears an apical cilium and one kind of supportive cell and 2) sensory bulbs located within furrows consisting of receptor cells with branched cilia and two kinds of supportive cells which are covered by a modified thin cuticle. According to the electron microscopical findings the sensory spines on the lips are presumably chemoreceptors. The sensory bristles on the antennae can be regarded as mechanoreceptors and the sensory bulbs as chemoreceptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 155-167 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Electromotor system ; Oval nucleus ; Synapses, junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Torpedo marmorata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphology of the oval nucleus of neonatal Torpedo marmorata is described at the light and electron microscopic level of examination. The nucleus is unique relative to other central electromotor centers of electric fish so far described being bilaterally symmetrical, composed of two nerve cell types, and possessing no gap junctions between neurons and their processes. This particular structural plan presents difficulties in accounting for presumed synchronous discharge since it has been strongly argued that electrotonic coupling by means of gap junctions is the primary process by which synchronization is accomplished. Close membrane apposition and dendritic bundling, common features within the nucleus, are discussed as possible alternative structural correlates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epithalamus (Rat) ; Supraependymal nerves ; Electron microscopy ; Circumventricular organs ; Medial habenular nucleus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the rat epithalamus shows a regional variation in the distribution of Supraependymal nerves (SN) which correlates well with Supraependymal yellow fluorescence reported by Richards et al. (1974). The medial habenular nucleus, the intercommissural and suprahabenular recesses, the habenular commissure and the fibrae periventriculares thalami have the greatest density of SN/100 μm of ependymal surface. The floor of the suprahabenular and intercommissural recesses is covered by non-ciliated ependyma. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to (1) a direct functional relationship of SN with ependyma, and (2) a possible participation of the non-ciliated ependyma of the suprahabenular and intercommissural recesses in secretory activity whereby the CSF serves as a vehicle for neuroendocrine communication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Oocyte elimination ; Peritoneal epithelium ; Primordial follicle ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Numerous ovarian oocytes of primordial follicles are lost postnatally by their elimination into the peritoneal cavity during days 1–6 in young mice. It is rarely found in animals over 2 weeks old. This phenomenon has been investigated by light and EM techniques. Oocytes that become extruded from the ovary this way appear to pass between the cells of the covering epithelium. The ultrastructural changes that take place during this process are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 251-263 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gastrin cells ; Electron microscopy ; Fixation ; Granule maturation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural appearance of gastrin cell (G cell) granules was studied after different fixation procedures. When the pH of prefixation was varied there was greater preservation of the electron density of granule cores after acidic (pH 5.0 and 6.0) than after neutral or alkaline (pH 7.0 and 8.0) prefixation. Increasing duration of prefixation at pH 7.3 resulted in progressive loss of electron density of the granule core with swelling and occasional rupture of the limiting membrane. In tissues where most granules had been rendered electron lucent by fixation, those granules remaining dense cored were preferentially located close to the Golgi zone. These findings indicate that the electron density of G cell granules is profoundly affected by conditions of fixation, and that immature granules are more resistant to loss of core density than mature granules. They also suggest that the gastrin granule in vivo, like other polypeptide granules, may have a “solid”, osmotically inactive core.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 275-284 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neural lamella (wax moth) ; Ruthenium red ; Enzyme digestion ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The outer surface of the neural lamella, the connective tissue ensheathing the brain, shows the ability to bind ruthenium red in the wax moth larva. Ruthenium red-positive material is sensitive to neuraminidase, hyaluronidase and to some extent to phospholipase C, what suggests that the negative charge on the external surface of the neural lamella depends on the presence of the anionic groups of sialic and hyaluronic acids and phospholipids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 285-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Striated muscle (mammalian) ; Myofilaments ; Actin filaments ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural organization of myofilaments in skeletal muscle was studied in four mammalian species (mouse, rat, hamster, goat). In all these species, myofibrils showing irregularly distributed arrays of a variable number of actin filaments (from 6 to 11) were observed. The proportion of such myofibrils and the predominant patterns of actin filaments varied from one species to another. These results are in agreement with those previously reported for human skeletal muscle.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 399-408 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscle ; Satellite cells ; Aging ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Myosatellite cells were examined and quantified at the fine structural level of resolution during aging of skeletal muscles in mice and rats. Satellite cells in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of animals between eight and 30 months of age appeared, according to morphological criteria, metabolically less active than those examined in immature muscles. In the soleus muscle of the mouse, satellite cells decreased in number from 4.6% at eight months of age to 2.4% at 30 months. This decrease appeared to be due to the passage of some satellite cells into the interstitial space as a result of the formation of external lamina material around the entire satellite cell surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 535-545 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Milk (goat, cow) ; Cell fragments ; Origin ; Triglyceride synthesizing capacity ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Goats' milk includes numerous cell fragments (“christiesomes”) which originate from the mammary secretory cells, contain well preserved endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lipid droplets, and are responsible for the considerable triglyceride synthesising capacity of fresh goat milk. Cows' milk shows a few such particles only after repeated oxytocin-aided milkings. Cows' milk does contain quite different particles which have a dense content with a few small vesicles and numerous microvillus-like protrusions on one side (“sunbursts”). These have not been found in goats milk. Cytoplasmic particles similar to sunbursts have been found on the surface of the mammary secretory epithelium. It is suggested that they are residues of dead cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Azimines. IITeil I, siehe [1]. . Preparation and Thermal Fragmentation of cis- and trans-2,3-Diphenyl-1-phthalimido-2,3-di[15N]-azimine Teilweise vorgetragen in der Versammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft am 8./9. Oktober 1976 in Genf und als Autoreferat veröffentlicht [2].cis- and trans-2,3-Diphenyl-1-phthalimido-2,3-di[15N]-azimine (11 and 12) wer synthesized from cis-di[15N]-azobenzene (10) and phthalimido-nitrene (2), the latter generated by lead tetraacetate oxidation of N-aminophthalimide (1). Useful information was obtained from the comparison of several data of 11 and 12 with those of the unmarked diphenyl-azimines 5 and 6 (R = C6H5).The 15N- and 13C-NMR. spectra of 11 and 12 were interpreted to furnish additional evidence for the azimine structure and for the indicated configurations. The IR. spectra permitted identification of two bands in the 1200 to 1450 cm-1 region, probably characteristic for the functionality of diaryl-phthalimido-azimines. Comparison of the mass spectrum of 11/12 with that of the unmarked analogues 5/6 (R = C6H5) permitted the interpretation of the fragmentation path of 1-phthalimidoazimines. The major path may be the purely thermal decomposition to 13 and 7 (R = C6H5), respectively. Two other competing fragmentation paths are discussed.Prolonged thermolysis of 11 at 61° in solution gave 83% of N,N′-diphenyl-N N′-phthaloyl-di[15N]-hydrazine (13) of 98% isotope purity, which means that the imide nitrogen atom and N(1) of the azimine function are removed in this reaction. A mechanism passing through an intermediate cyclic tetrazene 16 is considered.Benzocyclobutenedione (14) added to trans-azobenzene (4, R = C6H5) under the influence of a high pressure lamp in a quarz apparatus to give N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-phthaloyl-hydrazine (7, R = C6H5). This reaction was found not to take place in the dark, even after prolonged heating in trichloromethane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Azimines. I. Synthesis and Stereoisomerism of 2, 3-Diaryl- and 2, 3-Dialkyl-1-phthalimido-aziminesTeilweise vorgetragen in der Versammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft in Lausanne am 7./8. Mai 1971 und als Autoreferat veröffentlicht [1].Special examples of a new class of compounds, the open-chain azimines (1), have been prepared and their properties examined.Addition of phthalimido-nitrene (4), generated by lead tetraacetate oxidation of N-aminophthalimide (3), to cis- and trans-azobenzene (6 and 5), -azo-p-toluene (8 and 7), and to trans-azomethane (9), -azoethane (10) and -azo-α-phenylethane (11) afforded the separable cis- and trans-isomers of 2, 3-diphenyl- (12 and 13), 2, 3-di-p-toyl- (14 and 15), 2, 3-dimethyl- (16 and 17), 2, 3-diethyl- (18 and 19) and 2, 3-di-(α-phenylethyl)-1-phthalimido-azimines (20 and 21) in different ratios (see Scheme 1).The constitution of the nitrene azo compound adducts as azimines was derived from their properties, especially from the conjugation effect (visible in the UV. spectra) of the aryl-substituted compounds and from the non-equivalence (shown by the 1H-NMR. spectra) of the substituents on the two nitrogen atoms derived from the azo compounds. This evidence excluded the triaziridine 22 and an alternative azimine constitution 23 for the adducts.Of the two stereoisomers obtained for each of the azimines, the aryl-substituted examples 12/13 and 14/15 were readily interconverted by warming in solution, the cis-isomers 12 and 14 exceeding the trans-isomers 13 and 15 in the equilibrium. The dialkyl-azimines appear to be configurationally more stable, since interconversion of the dimethyl-azimines 16 and 17 was not possible under the same conditions, and also not before another thermal reaction took place (see below).The identification of the N(2)-N(3) bond as the stereogenic center, i.e. that the stereoisomerism of the azimines is due to the difference in relative position at N(2) and N(3) of the substituents derived from the azo compounds, as well as a configurational assignment was possible in the aryl-substituted examples on the basis of the UV. spectroscopic comparison of the isomeric azimines with the corresponding stereoisomeric azoxy compounds: The cis-azimines 12 and 14 showed absorptions similar to those of cis-azoxybenzene and cis-azoxy-p-toluene, and the trans-azimines 13 and 15 showed absorptions similar to those of the respective trans-azoxy compounds. With respect to the configuration of the alkyl-substituted azimines, it was observed that the isomers 17 and 19, which from their formation and chromatographic behaviour are likely to be the trans-isomers, show a visible coupling (∽ 1 Hz) between the two H (α)'s in the 1H-NMR. spectrum, whereas the dimethyl isomer 16 (cis) does not exhibit such a coupling.Thermal treatment of four azimines, namely 12, 14, 16 and 17, in solution for a longer time afforded the corresponding N, N′-disubstituted N, N′-phthaloyl-hydrazines 27, 28 and 29. The order of velocity of this fragmentation with nitrogen extrusion was 12/13 ≍ 14/15 〉 16(cis) 〉 17(trans).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 874-881 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The 6-chloro-2-cyclohexenones 3, 6 and 11, and the 5-chloro-2-cyclopentenone 15 were newly synthesized. The results obtained with compounds 3 and 15 in photocycloadditions to olefins show that the oxetane vs. cyclobutane product ratio is reduced by the substitution of florine by chlorine in the α′ -position of the enone. No oxetanes are formed in the intramolecular photocycloaddition of 6. Compound 11 does not photoadd to olefins. The newly synthesized 2-chloro-3-cyclohexenones 8 and 9 are also photostable towards light of λ=366 nm, but π-π*-excitation (λ=254 nm) in pentane leads to the formation of 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone (29).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 867-873 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polynuclear Cobalt Complexes. II. Preparation and Structure of [(tren) (NH3)Co(O2)Co(NH3) (tren)](SCN)4 · 2H2OThe title compound is obtained on oxygenation of [Co(tren)(H2O)2]2+ in 6M aqueous ammonia or by ligand exchange starting from [(NH3)5Co(O2)Co(NH3)5]-(NO3)4. An X-ray structure determination was made. The substance forms monoclinic crystals, space group P21/c, lattice constants a=10,135, b=8,473, c=19,484 Å, β=108,58°, with two formula units in the cell. The final R is 0,066. The binuclear cation has a center of symmetry, so the Co—O—O—Co unit is planar; the Co—O—O angle is 111,5°. The tertiary nitrogen atoms of both chelate groups are cis to the O2 bridge, as found in doubly bridged [(tren)Co(O2,OH)Co(tren)](ClO4)3 · 3H2O.On acidification in solution, the singly bridged cation [(tren) (NH3)CoO2Co(NH3)(tren)]4+ (a) loses the bound O2 completely. But unlike the doubly bridged cation b, the rate of dissociation of a is independent of pH (Fig. 5). At higher pH (8-10) bridging a→b (Fig. 2) occurs. Both reactions must have the same rate determining step, the first order rate constants being of the order of 2 · 10-3 s-1 (25°, 0,35M KCl).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 881-887 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Following the intraperitoneal administration of high doses of 14C- and 3H- labelled retinoic acid (1) to rats, three major metabolites and the intact compound were isolated from the feces in microgram amounts by use of column, thin-layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and Fourier Transform 1H-NMR. spectroscopy as 2 (all-trans-4-oxoretinoic acid), 3 (7-trans-9-cis-11-trans-13-trans-5′-hydroxy-retinoic acid).Hydroxylation of the 5-methyl group of the cyclohexene ring, oxidation of the cyclohexene ring in position 4 and cis-trans isomerisation of the nonatetraenoic acid side chain were the reactions, which produced these products from retinoic acid. The metabolites 2 and 4 each accounted for about 4% of the radioactivity administered. The metabolite 3 and the parent compound accounted for about 16% and 17% of the dose, respectively.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 892-895 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Novel types of acetylenic sugarsThe coupling, following Cadiot's procedure, of a 6-bromo-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidène-3-O-methyl-α-D-xylo-hex-5-yno-1, 4-furanose (1) with phenylacetylene, 2-propyn-1-ol or terminal acetylenic sugars gave with excellent yields the expected diynes (an enediyne when the terminal acetylene was the 3,5, 6-trideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glycero-hex-3-en-5-yno-1,4-furanose 7). The chloro analogue 8 of 1 on treatment with lithium thiophenate gave the corresponding phenylthio-acetylenic sugar 9. An acetylene was also formed by reacting the gem-difluoro-olefinic sugar 10 with butyllithium whereas the same olefinic sugar and its 3-O-benzyl analogue 11 gave only a gem-fluoro-arylthio-olefinic sugar (13-15) as a mixture of the Z and E isomers (Z/E 〉 4) when treated with the conjugate base of an arylmercaptan.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Some more examples of stable free radicals of carbohydrate heterocyclic derivatives2-Glycosyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline- 3-oxide-1-oxyls and 2-glycosyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline 1-oxyls have been prepared in nine carbohydrate series, which proves the generality of the method. The hyperfine coupling constant between the free electron and the α-proton of the glycosyl group is never very large (0-2.3 G) but a correlation between its value and the structure of the aglycone has been noted. Free radicals of that type, stable in aqueous solutions, are potentially interesting for biological studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Interpretation of the chemical and spectral (IR., UV., 1H- and 13C-NMR.) properties of the antitumor antibiotic hedamycin (C41H50N2O11) suggests that the molecule contains a methyl substituted 1-hydroxyanthraquinone nucleus, an α, β-unsaturated ketone, two sugar-like tetrahydropyran rings (4 and 8) and an aliphatic chain 2, presumably with an epoxy group (see the Scheme).
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 907-921 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Halogenated pyridines and 1,8-naphthyridines. VI.The principle of the synthesis of 3-halomethyl-2,6-dichloro-pyridines has been extended to compounds with side chains of more than one carbon atom in the 3-position. Feasible synthetic routes are outlined starting from cheap, commercially available α-methylideneglutaronitrile and trichloroalkyl functional compounds which yield the intermediate 1,3,5-trisubstituted alkanes. These are cyclized by aqueous mineral acid or by hydrogen bromide in an organic solvent to 2-substituted glutarimids or hexahydronaphthyridinones, depending on the mode of cyclization. The final aromatization provides a simple route to pyridines or 1, 8-naphthyridines.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Proton catalysed [1,2]-H-shift in the rearrangement of 6,7-diphenyl-5,6-dihydropterine (I) to 6,7-diphenyl-7,8-dihydropterine (III)The arrangement from I to the thermodynamically more stable III undergoes through a acid catalysed [1,2]-H-shift (intramolecular 6,7-hydride rearrangement) (see Scheme 1).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reaktionen von 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-anti-tricyclo[5.1.0.03,5]octan-2,6-diolen und deren 4,4,8,8-Tetrachlor- und 4,8-Dichlorderivaten mit DiphosphortetrajodidEs wurden die P2I4-Reaktionen mit 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-anti-tricyclo[5.1.0.03,5]-octan-2,6-diolen (3/6), mit dem 4,8-Dichlorderivat 4 und mit den 4,4,8,8-Tetrachlorderivaten 5/7 untersucht. Dabei entstanden die Styrolderivate 9 und 12, die anti-Bishomobenzolderivate 8 und 11, ein Homotropylidenderivat 10, ein Cyclo-octatetraenderivat 13 und ein 9-Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trienderivat 15. Die Ausbeuten lagen zwischen 1 und 10%. Die Bildung aller dieser Produkte liess sich unter der Annahme der primären Umwandlung einer oder beider Hydroxylgruppen in Abgangsgruppen X oder X und Y (wahrscheinlich X=Y=I) mechanistisch deuten. Die Reaktion der Deschlorderivate 3/6 lieferte nach Substitution beider Hydroxyl-gruppen durch X und Y: (a) unter Abspaltung von HX und HY das Styrolderivat 9 (Schema 2) und (b) unter Abspaltung von XY das Homotropylidenderivat 10 (Schema 3a) und das Bishomobenzolderivat 8 (Schema 3b). Die Reaktion des 4,8-Dichlor-derivates 4 lieferte nach Substitution beider Hydroxylgruppen durch X und Y: (a) unter Abspaltung von HX und HY das Styrolderivat 12 (Schema 2), und (b) unter Abspaltung von XY das Bishomobenzolderivat 11 (Schema 3b). Die Reaktion mit den 4,4,8,8-Tetrachlorderivaten 5/7 lieferte: (a) nach Substitution beider Hydroxyl-gruppen durch X und Y unter Abspaltung von XCl und YCl das Cyclooctatetraen-derivat 13 (Schema 4), und (b) nach Substitution nur einer Hydroxylgruppe durch X unter Abspaltung von XCl und HCl das bicyclische Derivat 15 (Schema 5). Alle diese Reaktionen sind zusätzlich zu den angegebenen Fragmentierungen und Eliminierungen noch teilweise von Umlagerungen des Kohlenstoffgerüstes begleitet.Die thermische Umlagerung von 1,5-Dichlor-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraen (13) in das Styrolderivat 12 wurde in Abhängigkeit der Lösungs-mittelpolarität untersucht und mit der analogen thermischen Umlagerung von Brom-cyclooctatetraen und Chlor-cyclooctatetraen verglichen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Leaf-gland Pigments: Coleons S and T from Plectranthus caninus ROTH (Labiatae), New Hydroquinones of the Abietane Series with a Diosphenol/trans-A/B-6,7-Diketone Structure.Coleons S and T were isolated from the more polar fractions from extracts of the above mentioned plant. Coleon S, C20H26O6, has been shown to have structure 1a, and coleon T, C20H26O6, structure 2.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1452-1455 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: On a Synthesis of the angular Di(cyclobuteno)benzolIn the course of our studies aimed at better understanding the Mills-Nixon effect, we have also prepared the angular di(cyclobuteno)benzene (1), the synthesis of which has been recently described by another group [3]. Our completely different and essentially simpler synthetic approach will be pointed out. A special pyrolysis apparatus is designed.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1455-1455 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1456-1458 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977) 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2160-2170 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Photochemical reactions of norbornadiene with substituted acetylenes in the presence of Fe(CO)5 gave various products of different types, depending on the nature of the acetylene. The results are summarized in Table 1. The cyclopentanone 1 was always formed in these reactions. In the reaction of disubstituted acetylenes such as dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and ethyl phenylpropiolate, the cyclopentenones 2 and 5 were formed, respectively. By contrast, propiolic esters produced the cyclohexenones 3 and 4, in which the ester group was attached on the β carbon with respect to the keto group. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of these products are shown in Schemes 7 and 8. The reaction of diphenylacetylene gave the cyclohexendione 7 as well as the cyclopentenone 6. Two enedione products 8 and 9 were obtained from the reaction of phenylacetylene. Compound 9 was converted to the aromatic diacetate 13 by heating with acetic anhydride in pyridine. On irradiation in the presence of Fe(CO)5 norbornene reacted similarly with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and phenylacetylene to give the cyclopentenone 14 and the cyclohexenone 15, respectively. Compound 15, upon heating, isomerized to hydroquinone 16, which on acetylation gave the diacetate 17.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2234-2247 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It is shown that the ab initio STO-3G treatment applied to simple saturated linear, branched and cyclic hydrocarbons, assuming standard geometries, yields orbital energies ∊jSTO-3G for their canonical orbital ϕj which correlate perfectly with the observed C2s ionization energies Ijm, if Koopmans' approximation is accepted.Applying the Foster-Boys localization procedure to these canonical orbitals ϕj leads to localized orbitals λμ and their corresponding Hartree-Fock matrix Fλ = (Fλ,μv). An examination of the matrix elements Fλ,μv, i.e. of the self-energies Aμ = Fλ,μμ of the localized CC- and CH-orbitals λμ and of the cross terms Fλ, μv (μ ≠ v) between them, leads to the conclusion that a satisfactory approximation should be obtained by setting Aμ = A for all μ, Fλ,μv = B if λμ and λv are vicinal and neglecting all other cross terms. The resulting model is nothing but the well-known equivalent bond orbital model of Lennard-Jones & Hall, which however can now be calibrated using the known C2s-ionization energies of hydrocarbons. Due to the discrete structure and the wider range (∽ 8 eV) of the C2s band systems in the photoelectron spectra of these molecules this leads to a more satisfactory parametrization than using the narrower and badly resolved C2p band system.Comparison of calculated band positions using the calibrated model with observed C2s-band ionization energies for a series of hydrocarbons reveals that the simple equivalent bond orbital model is better than one might have expected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Metabolism of the Retinoid Ro 10-9359. Isolation and Identification of the Major Metabolites in Human Plasma, Urine and Feces Synthesis of Three Urinary MetabolitesAfter oral administration of therapeutic doses of the 3H-labelled aromatic retinoic acid analog (retinoid) Ro 10-9359 (ethyl all-trans-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate) to humans 75 and 15% of the 3H-dose were excreted within the first five days in the feces and the urine, respectively. Using chromatographic procedures including high pressure liquid chromatography 18 metabolites could be isolated from human urine. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and FT-1H-NMR. spectroscopy. In these urinary metabolites the tetraene side chain of the parent compound Ro 10-9359 is shortened. The radioactivity of the identified urinary metabolites accounted for about 11% of the dose. Three urinary metabolites were synthesized. The main part of the radioactivity excreted within the first five days in the feces consisted of unchanged drug (60% of the dose). A smaller (amount 15% of the dose) could not be identified. The unchanged drug and a major metabolite, the corresponding acid, were found in human plasma.In an experiment with bile-duct cannulated rats the radioactively labelled retinoid Ro 10-9359 was injected intravenously. About 70% of the 3H-dose was excreted in the bile, within the first 48 hours. The whole radioactivity of the rat bile consisted of polar metabolites. No unchanged drug could be found. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the bile conjugates three metabolites were isolated. The main metabolite (49% of the i.v. dose) was a conjugate of the corresponding acid of the parent drug, already found as free compound in human plasma. The other bile metabolites (9 and 7% of the i.v. dose) had an intact side chain, too.An enterohepatic recycling of the bile metabolites was observed in the rat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2633-2643 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Stability in aqueous solution of some complexes of heavy metals with diaza-polyoxamacrocyclic ligandsStability of metal complexes (Mn+ = Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Ag+ and Cd2+) with five diaza-polyoxamacrocycles (L = [2.1.1], [2.2.1], [2.2.2], [2.1] and [2.2] ) have been determined at 25°, in 0.1 M Et4N+ClO4- aqueous solutions, by means of potentiometric titrations. All cations form MLn+ complexes; Cu2+ also forms the MHL(n+1)+ protonated species with both [2.2.1] and [2.1.1] ligands. The stability of these complexes has been discussed in terms of structure and by considering the ionic radii of the cations together with the radii of the macrocyclic cavities. Different behaviour is observed between some of these complexes and the well known alkali and alkaline-earth cryptates, partly due to the more covalent nature of bonds formed by the investigated cations and the donor sites of the ligands. The effect of the substitution of two oxygen by two sulfur atoms in the pentadentate ligand [2.1] on the stability of the complexes is reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2608-2632 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An arrangement for light induced vectorial charge separation is discussed in which the electron of the excited dye is transferred to an acceptor and the dye is recovered by electron tunneling through a high and narrow potential barrier. The possible relevance of the model in connection with photosynthesis is considered. Monolayers of Ru(II)-bipyridine complexes with long chain hydrocarbon substituents were investigated which may be useful as component in such arrangements.The surface pressure area isotherms of the monolayers were measured for various ionic compositions of the subphase, and the results demonstrate a strong effect of these ions on the structure of the layers. The layers were deposited on different substrates. The luminescence and its change by contacting the sample with water and by subsequent drying were found to be strongly dependent on the architecture of the layer assembly. Attempts of a photochemical cleavage of water with these assemblies failed.The pH-dependence of the absorption and the luminescence of a Ru(II) bipyridine-dicarboxylic acid complex in solution is interpreted by assuming that the electron in the excited state is localized in one pyridine part of the substituted ligand, the conjugation with the second half of the bipyridine carboxylic acid being negligible. Monolayer assemblies for measuring the energy transfer from the ruthenium complex to an adequate energy acceptor and from an adequate energy donor to the ruthenium complex were investigated. The results demonstrate that the deactivation of the excited ruthenium complex occurs mainly by passing the luminescent state.Assemblies were investigated for measuring the electron transfer from the excited ruthenium complex to an appropriate electron acceptor positioned in the carboxylate portion at the same interface as the electron donor. With bipyridinium ions as acceptor the ruthenium complex luminescence is quenched at average distances between acceptor molecules of about 10 Å, while this distance is 30, 60 und 75 Å for different cyanine dyes used instead of the ruthenium complex. A correlation between this distance and the ionization energy in the excited state of the donor is observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis of nickel complexes with a porphine-type ligand systemIn the presence of nickel(II) salts the bicyclic vinylogous amidine 1 is dimerized to the diamagnetic (1-amino-10,20-diaza-octahydroporphinato)nickel(II) complex 3. The condensation proceeds through a paramagnetic octahedral nickel(II) complex 2. Starting from 3, the (hexadecamethyl-10,20-diaza-hexahydroporphin)nickel bis (tetrafluoroborate) 7 (a (hexaaza [16]annulene)nickel(II) complex) was prepared in two steps. This highly electrophilic compound adds methoxide ions in consecutive and reversible steps to form first the (1-methoxy-10,20-diaza-octahydroporphinato)nickel tetrafluoroborate 8 and then the [cis-1, 11-dimethoxy-decahydroporphinato (2-)]nickel 6. 6, 7 and 8 were fully characterized and interconverted by addition and elimination reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2673-2685 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Singlet oxygen, generated chemically or photogenetically, reacts with biadamantylidene to give the corresponding dioxetane and epoxide only. When methylene blue (MB) or meso-tetraphenylporphin (m-TPP) is used as sensitizer the normal reaction course occurs giving dioxetane as the preponderant product in 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, pinacolone, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and benzene, although in the last two solvents some 10-25% of epoxide is formed. When erythrosin and rose bengal (RB) are used, epoxide becomes the main product (70-95%). Epoxide does not derive from chemical reaction with the solvent. Pinacolone, for example, is not oxidized to t-butyl acetate.The rose bengal reaction involves both singlet oxygen and radicals, since diazabicyclooctane (DABCO) and di-t-butyl-p-cresol interfere with the oxidation. A mechanistic scheme is proposed in which sensitizer and oxygen combine to produce sensitizer radical cation and superoxide radical anion. Subsequently, hydroperoxy radical, deriving from superoxide, reacts with substrate to give epoxide and hydroxy radicals. The latter adds to substrate to give a new radical which captures triplet oxygen. Epoxide is formed by loss of hydroperoxy radical and the chain starts anew. The dioxetane is formed separately either by [2+2]-cycloaddition or stepwise addition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Photochemical and non-photochemical A/D-secocorrin→corrin-cyclizations of 19-carboxy- and 19-formyl-1-methylidene-1,19-secocorrinates. Decarboxylation (and deformylation) of nickel(II)-19-carboxy-(resp. 19-formyl)-corrinatesNickel (II) 1-methylidene-2,2,7,7,12,12-hexamethyl-15-cyano-19-carboxy-1,19-secocorrinate can be induced to cyclize with concomitant decarboxylation to the corresponding corrinate (Scheme 9). Experiments with deuterated derivatives (Scheme 10) indicate that in this decarboxylative A/D-secocorrin→corrin-cyclization the ring closure step precedes decarboxylation. In accord therewith is the finding that the corresponding intermediate nickel(II) 19-carboxy-corrinate (synthesized via photochemical cyclization of the corresponding cadmium complex, Schemes 6 and 9) decarboxylates under very mild conditions.Nickel(II) 1-methylidene-2,2,7,7,12,12-hexamethyl-15-cyano-19-formyl-1,19-secocorrinate cyclizes smoothly to the corresponding 19-formyl-corrinate in the presence of acetic acid/triethylamine. The formyl group of the cyclization product can be eliminated hydrolytically in essentially quantitative yield by treatment with 2N KOH in ethanolic solution (Scheme 11). The non-photochemical (A→D)-cyclization of 19-formyl-1,19-secocorrinoids represents formation of the corrin chromophore at the oxidation level of porphyrinogens and exemplifies how a C1-fragment that eventually leaves the ligand can fulfill a specific function in the (A→D)-ring closure to a corrin.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Leaf-gland Pigments: 3β-Acetoxyfuerstione, Nilgherron A and Nilgherron B, New Quinomethanes from Plectranthus nilgherricus BENTH. (Labiatae); Absolute Configuration of FuerstioneWe have isolated from leaf-glands of the above mentioned plant the following deeply coloured quino-methane derivatives: (1) traces of the already known fuerstione (1a); 11,15-dihydroxy-5,7,9 (11), 13-abietatetraen-12-one; (2) the new 3β-acetoxy-fuerstione (1b); (3) nilgherron A (5a, I or II), a new dimeric diterpenoid quinomethane, C40H52O7, formed in the plant obviously by cycloaddition of the o-quinone 8 (9aS, 11R)-11 -hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl-9,9-dimethyl-3,4,7,8,9,9a,10,11- octahydro-5H-dibenzo [a, d]cycloheptene-3,4-dione) with fuerstione; (4) nilgherron B (5b, I or II), C42H54O9, likewise a new compound, formed by the same type of cycloaddition (heterodiene synthesis) of 8 with 3β-acetoxyfuerstione. On the basis of 1H-NMR. shift arguments structure I is slightly preferred to II for 5a and 5b. Model experiments have shown the easy formation of the dihydrodioxin ring by reaction of an o-benzoquinone with p-quinomethanes. The absolute configuration of fuerstione and 3β-acetoxyfuerstione has been determined by chiroptical methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The bidentate phosphine 2,11-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzo [c]phenanthrene (1) has been used to prepare the mononuclear, square planar complexes trans-[MX(CO)(1)] and trans-[M(CO)(CH3CN)(1)][BF4] (M = Rh, Ir; X = Cl, Br, I, NCS). It is found that the tendency of these complexes to form adducts with CO, O2 and SO2 is significantly lower than that of the corresponding Ph3P complexes. The oxidative-addition reactions of complexes trans-[IrX (CO) (1)] with hydrogen halides give the six-coordinate species [IrHX2(CO) (1)]. The complexes [IrH2I (CO) (1)] and [IrH2L (CO) (1)] [BF4] (L = CO and CH3CN) have been obtained from hydrogen and the corresponding substrates. The model compounds trans-[MCl (CO) (Ph2PCH2Ph)2] (M = Rh, Ir), trans-[Ir (CO) (CH3CN) (Ph2PCH2Ph)2] [BF4], [IrHCl2(CO)(Ph2PCH2Ph)2] and [IrH2(CO)2(Ph2PCH2Ph)2] [BF4] have been prepared and their special parameters are compared with those of the corresponding complexes of ligand 1. The influence of the static requirements of this ligand on the chemistry of its rhodium and iridium complexes is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The preparation of the ditertiary phosphines 2,11-bis (di-m-tolylphosphinomethyl)benzo [c]phenanthrene (1b), 2,11-bis (di-p-anisylphosphinomethyl)benzo-[c]phenanthrene (1c), 2,11-bis (di-m-trifluoromethylphenylphosphinomethyl) benzo-[c]phenanthrene (1d), 2,11-bis (dicyclohexylphosphinomethyl)benzo [c]phenanthrene (1e) and 2,11-bis [di-(t-butyl)phosphinomethyl]benzo [c]phenanthrene (1f), by a combination of synthetic routes is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 945-947 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Isolation of (-)-dunnione from the leaves of Calceolaria integrifolia, MURR. (fam. Scrophulariaceae)From the leaves of Calceolaria integrifolia, a plant often used in horticulture. partially racemic (-)-dunnione (1) has been isolated. This seems to be the first record of its occurrence outside the family Gesneriaceae, where it previously has been found in two species as the (+)-enantiomer.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A chiral economic synthesis of (R)- and (S)-muscone using the cyclofragmentation of epoxysulfonesStarting with isobutyric acid (2) and using a microbiological oxidation with pseudomonas putida (S)-β-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid (3) has been prepared. From this /pseudosymmetrical: (see text) intermediate the two enantiomeric bromo derivatives 8 (R) and 20 (S) have been synthesized (cf. scheme 4) by altering the sequence of the reactions (cf. scheme 3). A Grignard reaction starting from the two bromo compounds 8 and 20 and from cyclododecanone 1 produced after hydrogenolysis the two enantiomeric dialcohols 9 and 21 (1 + 8 → 9, 1 + 20 → 21, cf. scheme 5). The subsequent transformations led to the two enantiomeric olefin derivatives 12 and 24. Oxidation of 12 with peracid produced a mixture of the two epoxy-sulfones 13 and 14 (cf. scheme 6). The olefin-derivative 24 was oxidized to the corresponding mixture of 25 and 26. A one pot cyclofragmentation (cf. [4] and scheme 6) produced a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-3-methylcyclopentadec-4-en-1-one (13 + 14 → 15 + 16, 25 + 26 → 27 + 28). The final hydrogenation led to natural (R)- and unnatural (S-muscone (3-methylcyclopentadecanone). The achiral starting material has been transformed to the desired optically active target products without loss of material with undesired absolute configuration. The authors used the notion of chiral economic synthesis to characterize synthetic sequences with the above mentioned features.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The structures of cyclic polyketones, their hydrates and reduction products were studied in different solvents by 13C-NMR. spectroscopy. In dimethylsulfoxide solution rhodizonic acid (1), croconic acid (2) and squaric acid (3) exhibit signal averaging. In anhydrous tetrahydrofuran 1 and 2 could be observed as non-dynamic species. The spontaneous reactions of dodecahydroxycyclohexane (5) and decahydroxycyclopentane (‘leuconic acid’) (6) and the sequence of formation of ring-contracted products were investigated. Key intermediates could be clearly identified which support the mechanism proposed earlier involving a benzylic acid type rearrangement followed by decarboxylation and subsequent redox reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 959-963 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In order to test the effects of the replacement of phenylalanine by carboranylalanine (Car) in biological ligand-acceptor interactions, Z · Ala-Ala-Car · OH (1) and Ac · Car · OEt (2) were synthesized and their reactions with chymotrypsin studied. The two compounds proved to be good inhibitors with K(i) values of 3 · 10-4M (1) and 8.6 · 104M (2); the K(i) of Z · Ala-Ala-Phe · OH (1a) is 1 · 10-3M. The inhibition constants were determined by a new photolytic technique, inhibition of photoaffinity labelling by Z · Ala-Ala-Phe(pN3) · OH. Ac · Car · OEt is not hydrolysed by chymotrypsin. The findings indicate that the carboranyl group can interact with the ‘phenyl recognition site’ of the enzyme to produce the binding that is characteristic of aromatic amino acid residues. However, some kind of distortion in the region of the ‘mechanistic site’ must be postulated in order to account for the failure of hydrolysis. Some possible effects of the replacement of aromatic amino acids by Car in peptide hormones on hormone-receptor interactions are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 975-977 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1,3-Cyclobutanedione derivatives from keteneThe dimerisation of ketene leads mainly to the methylidene-β-lactone ‘Diketene’ 2c. It is shown, that also a small amount of the symmetrical dimer, 1,3-cyclobutadione 1c is produced, which under the reaction conditions is acetylated to 3-acetoxycyclo-butenone (5).
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthese von 4-(4′-Methyl-2′-oxo-cyclohex-3′-en-1′-yl)-pentanal und dessen Umwandlung in Spiro[4.5]decan- und 1,6,7,7a-Tetrahydro-2H-inden-DerivateEs wird die Synthese von 4-(4′-Methyl-2′-oxo-cyclohex-3′-en-1′-yl)-pentanal als ein (1:1)-Gemisch von zwei Diastereoisomeren 10A und 10B auf folgendem Weg beschrieben: Die Umsetzung des Grignard-Reagens von 1,1-Äthylendioxy-3-brom-propan (2) mit 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-acetophenon (1) ergab 1,1-Äthylendioxy-4-hydroxy-4-(2′-methoxy-4′-methyl-phenyl)-pentan (3), welches sich mit methanolischer Salzsäure in 2-Methoxy-5-(2′-methoxy-4′-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (7A,B) umwandeln liess. Durch Birch-Reduktion von 7A,B wurde 4-(2′-Methoxy-4′-methyl-cyclohexa-1′,4′-dien-1′-yl)-pentan-1-ol (8), und danach durch milde Hydrolyse 4-(4′-Methyl-2′-oxo-cyclohex-3′-en-1′-yl)-pentan-1-ol (9A,B)2 erhalten. Oxydation von 9A,B lieferte schliesslich den erwähnten Keto-aldehyd 10A,B. Einige Produkte von Nebenreaktionen, nämlich 4, 5, 11, 12 und 13A,B, sind auch beschrieben.Der Keto-aldehyd 10A,B liess sich in ein Gemisch, bestehend aus drei Diastereo-isomeren A, B und C von 1-Hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-spiro[4.5] dec-7-en-6-on (15) und aus zwei Diastereoisomeren A und B von 1,5-Dimethyl-1,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-2H-inden-3-carbaldehyd (14), umwandeln. Für diese aldolartigen Cyclisierungen wurden vier verschiedene Methoden verwendet: (a) Stehenlassen in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff-lösung, (b) Behandlung mit etwas Trifluoressigsäure in Chloroformlösung, (c) und (d) Schütteln einer Ätherlösung mit wässeriger Salzsäure oder Natronlauge. Oxydation von 15A und 15C lieferte eines der Diasteroisomeren von 4,8-Dimethyl-spiro[4.5]-dec-7-en-1,6-dion (16A), und Oxydation von 15B führte zum anderen (16B).
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis of fulvenes via 1-chloroaklyl-acetatesThe synthesis of fulvenes (5) via l-chloroalkyl acetates (3) is extended to 6-alkyl-fulvenes with branched side-chains, to 6-phenylfulvene (5f) and 6-(2-furyl)fulvene (5g), as well as to 6-vinylfulvenes (5h and 5i) containing chlorine and acetoxy-substituents in ω-position. The reaction is carried out at low temperature under water-free conditions. The purification of the reaction products is simple. - An improved procedure for the preparation of pure fulvene (5a, R=R′=H) is reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Activated quinones: substitution reactions by methoxy-carbonyl-1,4-benzoquinone of azulenes, benzofuran and indoles; regiospecific syntheses of polymethoxy-fluorenones; a new synthesis of the 2,6-dihydro-naphtho[1,2,3-cd]indol-6-one system.We present new electrophilic substitution reactions of azulenes and 5-membered heterocyclics by methoxy-carbonyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Hydroquinones 3a and 5 are prepared from azulene, and 3b from guaiazulene (see Scheme 1). Benzofuran undergoes α- and β-substitution (hydroquinones 9 10) (see Scheme 2). Only β-substitution is observed with indole (hydroquinone 20) (see Scheme 4). After methylation, saponification and intramolecular acylation of the substituted indoles 22c, 22d, derivatives of 2,6-dihydro-naphtho[1,2,3-cd]indol-6-one have been obtained. Spectral data prove the presence of the methylidenequinone tautomer. By protonation or alkylation at the carbonyl group of 23, the violet, highly delocalized 16π-electron systems 25 are generated. Analogously, polymethoxy-fluorenones have been prepared from methoxylated diphenylquinones 15 (see Scheme 3). They also are transformed by protonation and alkylation to the highly coloured and delocalized 12 π-electron systems 18. By contrast, anthracene is not substituted by methoxycarbonyl-1,4-benzoquinone, but undergoes cycloaddition to the triptycene derivative 1 (see Scheme 1). A summary is presented of previously described reactions of activated quinones.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An ab initio study of α-seleno carbanions show that they are subject to appreciable polarization and stereoelectronic effects. Like in α-thia carbanions, the equatorial e forms are more stable than the axial a forms, one of the stabilizing contributions being the conformation dependent (C-lone pair, σ* Se—Z) interaction. The carbanion stabilizing effect of the α-Se atom is about 3 kcal/mol larger than that of the sulfur analog. As in the case of the sulfur no specific effect of the d orbitals is found.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The radical anions of 6a-thiathiophthenes ([1,2]dithiolo[1,5-b] [1,2]dithioles), I(R), convert into those of 4H-thiapyran-4-thiones, III(R), via cis-trans isomerization. The reaction is slowed down when the size of the substituent R in the 2,5-positions of 6a-thiathiophthene increases, and it is prevented by the introduction of a 3,4-polymethylene bridge. The primary and the secondary radical anions, I(R)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} and III(R)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, respectively, exhibit very similar hyperfine splitting patterns. E.g., in the case of the unsubstituted 6a-thiathiophthene, I(H), and 4H-thiapyran-4-thione, III(H), the proton coupling constants are aH2,5=6.72 and aH3,4=1.73 Gauss for I(H)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, and aH2,6=6.35 and aH3,5=2.07 Gauss for III(H)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}. In contrast to I(H)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, cis-trans isomerization could not thus far be proved to occur with its 1,6-dioxa-analogue, IV(H)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, since no ESR. spectrum of the radical anion of 4H-pyran-4-thione, V(H), was detected upon reduction of IV(H).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1233-1238 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Leaf-gland Pigments: Coleon L, a New Diosphenolic Compound from Coleus somaliensis, S. MOORE; Revision of the Structures of Coleon H, I, I′ and KFrom leaf-glands of C. somaliensis a new, highly oxidized diosphenolic hydroquinone belonging to the abietane series was isolated in minute quantities. The new compound, coleon L (4c; C24H30O10), is very labile and transformed into its tautomer coleon K (5d) on standing in solution. 1H-NMR. spectra of coleon L showed clearly that the points of attachment of the two acetoxy groups are at C(3) and C(16) contrary to the positions expected from our previously published structure 3 for coleon K. Application of a recently elaborated conversion of trans-A/B-6,7-diketones of type 5 into the cis-isomers 6 allowed to assign unambiguously the β-configuration to the hydroxyl group at C(3) using pyridin induced solvent shifts. This confirmed structure 4c and 5d for coleon L and K, respectively. Based on similar reasons, the configuration at C(3) of coleon H, I and I′ had to be revised, the structures of these coleons being 4b, 5b and 5c, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1226-1232 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The ESR. spectrum of the relatively unstable radical anion of diphenylcyclo-propenone (II) has been observed upon electrolytic reduction of II in N,N-di-methylformamide and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Simple MO models account well for the π-spin distribution and for the restricted rotation of the phenyl substituents in II\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}. A rather facile loss of a CO molecule by II\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} results in formation of the radical anion of tolane (diphenylacetylene; III). No ESR. spectra could be obtained for the radical anions of dialkylcyclopropenones which are even shorter-lived than II\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, although decay by decarbonylation seems to be less favoured with them than with II\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}. In presence of air, electrolytic reduction of either II or its dimethyl and di-t-butyl analogues yields the correspondingly disubstituted semidione anions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1256-1261 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reactions with derivatives of γ-chloroacetoacetic acidEthyl γ-chloroacetoacetate reacts with ammonia to give ethyl β-amino-γ-chloro-crotonate; with aniline, however, β-anilino-crotonic acid γ-lactone is formed. The reaction of ethyl α-cyano-γ-chloro-acetoacetate with arylamines yields 1-aryl-2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-pyrrolin-4-ones.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1247-1255 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Structure of Cyclosporin CThe structure of cyclosporin C (2), a minor antifungal metabolite from Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) RIFAI has been elucidated. Hydrolytic cleavage and spectroscopic evidence show that cyclosporin C is a neutral oligopeptide of 11 amino acids linked together in a 33-membered ring. Cyclosporin C (2) differs from the main metabolite cyclosporin A (1) [2] [4] only by containing L-threonine in the place of L-α-aminobutyric acid as has been shown by the conversion of 2 into 1. 13C-NMR. spectra and study of molecular models suggest that cyclosporin C (2) has the same molecular conformation as 1, which is best described as a twisted β-pleated sheet held together in a conformationally stable form by intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Incorporation experiments with (3H and 14C) doubly labelled farnesols into cantharidinAfter injection of 11′, 12-[3H]-7-[14C]-farnesol or 11′, 12-[3H]-5,6-[14C]-farnesol, the 3H-label is located specifically in the C(9)-methyl-group of cantharidin, whereas the 14C-labelling pattern follows an incorporation via acetic acid (Scheme 4). C-Atoms 5, 6 and 7 from the middle part of the farnesol molecule are utilized for cantharidin biosynthesis to an extent that is about 2.1-11% of the incorporation rate of the methyl groups C(11′) and C(12), depending on the position of the 14C-label in farnesol. These results confirm our earlier hypothesis [1] that the C10-molecule cantharidin is biosynthesized from the C15-precursor farnesol which is cleaved between C(1)-C(2), C(4)-C(5), and C(7)-C(8). The synthesis of 7-[14C]-farnesol and of 5,6-[14C]-farnesol is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1296-1303 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis and NMR. Spectra of Novel Lanthanide-Cobalt Sandwich CompoundsThe reaction of [(C5H5)Co{P(O)(OR)2}2{P(OH)(OR)2}] (3, R = CH3, C2H5) with lanthanide(III) compounds yields the cationic trinuclear complexes [{(C5H5)Co[P(O)(OR)2]3}2Ln]⊕X⊖ (2, R = CH3, C2H5; Ln = La, Eu, Pr; X = BF4, BPh4). According to thermogravimetric and NMR. studies these compounds do not contain additional coordinated water molecules. It is therefore supposed that the central lanthanide ion has a regular sixfold coordination of phosphoryl ligands. The 31P- and 1H-NMR. spectra of 2 (R = CH3; Ln = La, Eu, Pr) and 3 are discussed. It can be shown that the Fermi contact shift as well as the coordination shift make significant contributions to the observed lanthanide induced shift of the cyclopentadienyl signal.The dominating influence of the Fermi contact interaction on the 31P chemical shift is in accord with theoretical considerations and comparable experimental values. The temperature dependence of the proton chemical shifts of 2 (R = CH3; Ln = Eu) is also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1273-1295 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Stereoselectivity and Reactivity in the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Chiral N-(Alkoxyalkyl)nitronesThe stereoselectivity in the reaction of hydroxy-oxime 1 with acetaldehyde and methyl methacrylate yielding the diastereomeric isoxazolidine-ribosides 9-12 was determined to be 93%. The predominant adducts 9 and 10 were cleaved to the diastereomeric isoxazolidines 19 and 20, respectively, which upon oxidation gave the same optically active 2-isoxazoline 21, thus demonstrating the participation in the cycloaddition of both (E/Z)-isomeric nitrones 13 and 14. Based upon comparison of the optical rotations, the isoxazolidines 7, 8, 19 and 20 and the 2-isoxazolines 21 and 22 possess the same chirality, found to be R by correlating 7 with (+)-(S)-citramalic acid. - Since the hydroxy-oximes 1 and 36 showed the same stereo-selectivity in the reaction with formaldehyde and methyl methacrylate, the trityl group of 1 does not influence the stereoselectivity in the cycloaddition. The hydroxyoxime 38 led in the same type of reaction to the isoxazolidines 7, 8, 19 and 20 possessing (S)-chirality, the stereoselectivity (79-95%) being similar to the one observed with 1 (67-95%). The explanation of this stereoselectivity is based upon a stereoelectronic effect in the transition state of the cycloadditions (kinetic anomeric effect). As predicted, the N-(alkoxyalkyl)nitrones showed enhanced reactivity in the cycloaddition with unactivated olefins (leading to 47, 48, 50 and 51). The importance of exo vs. endo approach of the dipolarophile was evidenced by reacting 1 with formaldehyde and methyl acrylate giving predominantly 57 with (5S)-configuration. - Use of the hydroxy-oxime 65 allows synthesis of optically active isoxazolidines with regeneration of the starting hydroxy-oxime.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1304-1311 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Constitution of LoroglossineLoroglossine, a characteristic constituent of orchids, is shown to be bis[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzyl]-(2R, 3S)-2-isobutyl-tartrate (1). Base catalysed hydrolysis and esterification with diazomethane gave 1 mol-equiv. of dimethyl (+)-2-isobutyl-erythro-tartrate ((+)-3) and 2 mol-equiv. of a glucoside which after acetylation formed 4 identical with a synthetic sample. The structure of (+)-3 follows from the synthesis of (±)-3 by osmium tetroxide oxidation of isobutyl-maleic acid anhydride and subsequent esterification. The absolute configuration of (+)-3 was based on Horeau experiments and NMR. data of the diastereomeric mixture of its esters 15 and 16 and pure 15 with (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-α-phenyl-butyric acid, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1312-1321 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Heterocyclic dienamines III. A re-examination of the reaction of Fischer's base on tetracyanoethyleneDepending on the order of addition, Fischer's base 5 (1,3,3-trimethyl-2-methylidene-indoline) reacts 1:1 with tetracyanoethylene to give either the tricyanovinylation product 6 or the spiro compound 7. A skeletal rearrangement of a zwitterionic intermediate can explain the formation of the spiro compound. The latter undergoes a thermal isomerization yielding by ring expansion the tetrahydroquinoléine 8. On reaction with LiAlH4 or CH3ONa 7 and 8 lead both to triazatetracycles. All structures are assigned on the basis of spectral data.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1435-1442 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 2-Aza-7-oxa-twistanes (or 2-oxa-7-aza-twistanes, respectively)Die nicht mit den IUPAC-Regeln übereinstimmende Numerierung (b): 2-Aza-7-oxa-twistane, Substituent an C(10) (vgl. Korrekte Nomenklatur (a): 2-Oxa-7-aza-twistane, Substituent an C(5)), wurde zwecks besserer Übersicht und Vergleichsmöglichkeit mit anderen 2,7-Dihetero-twistanen und -isotwistanen, Für eine umfassende Übersicht vgl. [2], speziell auch mit den korrekt numerierten C(10)-substituierten 2-Aza-7-oxa-isotwistanen c deshalb gewählt, weil dadurch in diesen beiden Verbindungstypen b und c, welche chemisch ineinander überführbar sind (vgl. vorliegende Arbeit), sich entsprechende Atome gleich numeriert werden Können. Dadurch erhält je das den Substituenten tragende C-Atom die Nummer 10 und je das zwischen C(10) und N(2) liegende Brückenkopfatom die Nummer 1. Beim Twistan d wurde die Doppelbindung entsprechend ihrer Herkunft aus einem C(10)-substituierten Twistan b als in Stellung 9 bezeichnet. Vollständigkeitshalber sind die der korrekten Nomenklatur (vgl. a) entsprechenden Namen der Verbindungen 10-13 und 22, 23 und 25 nachfolgend aufgeführt; 10: 5N (7)-Brom-2-oxa-7-aza-twistan; 11: N(7)-Methyl-5N (7)-2-oxa-7-aza-twistan; 12: 2-Oxa-7-aza-twist-4-en; 13: N(7)-Methyl-2-oxa-7-aza-twist-4-en; 22: N(7)-Methyl-5O (2)-acetoxy-2-oxa-7-aza-twistan; 23: N(7)-Methyl-2-oxa-7-aza-twistan-5O (2)-ol; 25: N(7)-Methyl-2-oxa-7-aza-twistan. and 2-aza-7-oxa-isotwistanes
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1459-1471 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Of the isoelectronic 6-electron systems 1a, 1b, 1c (Table 1) the deprotonated amides 2 might be useful derivatives for amine acidification (eq. (1)) if the carbonyl group is sterically protected as shown in 3. The tetrasubstituted succinimides 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 (diacylamines) undergo the reactions (b), (c) and (d) of Scheme 1 with various bases. Besides deprotonation, the ‘self addition’ to give dimers 4b, 5b, 8b and 9b is the most prominent transformation (Table 2). Only in 9 is the steric hindrance to carbonyl addition large enough to get the lithiomethyl-succinimides 9c in 80% yield (sec.BuLi/THF/HMPT/-100°) as evidenced by derivatization with alkyl halides, aldehyde, ketones, methyl benzoate, and chloro trimethylsilane (→9d - 9j, Table 3). The possible structures and bonding descriptions for 9c which ‘decomposes’ above -40° are discussed; the acidity of the precursor 9 is shown by equilibration studies to be comparable with that of diphenylmethane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1472-1477 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The electrochemical reduction of the cyclohex-2-enones 1a-1e (mercury cathode, CH3CN, Bu4NBF4) was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry, d.c. polarography, coulometry and chemical product analysis. Compounds 1a-1c give a mixture of the hydrodimers 4 and 5 via formation of the radical anion 2 by an irreversible one electron transfer, followed by protonation and dimerization of the allylic radical 3. The 6-halocyclohex-2-enones 1d and 1e exhibit two distinct reduction waves. The first corresponds to an irreversible two electron transfer with formation of the halide anion and the enolate anion 6 which gives 1b by protonation. The second wave corresponds to a quasi-reversible one electron transfer to 6 to afford the radical dianion 7 (Scheme 2).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1478-1486 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: On the Base-Catalysed H/D-Exchange of the Acetylenic Hydrogen Atom in Aromatic Alkynyl CompoundsH/D-exchange rates for a number of compounds of the general type 1 (X = p-CH3O, m-CH3O, p-CF3, m-CF3, p-CH3, p-Cl, H; Z — O, NH, CH2) were determined in N-methyl-pyrrolidine (NMP)/D2O mixtures at 25° (see Table 1).It is shown that the log k values of the H/D-exchange correlate nicely (r = 0.995) with the chemical shift of the acetylenic proton in 1. Thus, the H/D-exchange rate is given by log k (min-1) = 2.91 · δ (ppm) - 7.79 for the NMP/D2O mixture at 25°.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1487-1495 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: CNDO/2, MINDO/3 and ab initio molecular orbital calculations are used in a study of conformational isomerism, protonation site and mechanism of protonation of the title compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1496-1500 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Verbenone 1 or 2 is converted in three steps to ipsdienol 9 or 10 respectively. The diastereoisomeric 2(10)-pinen-4-ols 6 and 7 (or 5 and 8), wich have identical chirality at the carbon atoms bearing OH groups, afford ipsdienol 10 (or 9 respectively) with the same optical purity as the starting material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1501-1509 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 15N-Chemical shifts of 32 enamines, 11 enaminoketones and 28 closely related amines have been determined with the isotope in natural abundance. In order to eliminate substituent effects, differential chemical shifts Δδ(N) are defined as δN(amine)-δN(enamine). This parameter is shown to correlate well with the free enthalpy of activation ΔG# for restricted rotation about the N—C(α) bond in enamines with extended conjugation. Δδ(N) values of substituted anilinostyrenes correlate also with 13C-chemical shifts of the β-carbon in the enamine system and with Hammett σ-constants of the aniline substituents. The experimental results suggest that differential 15N shifts are a useful probe to study n, π-interaction in enamines.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: New β-lactam antibiotics. Functionalisation of 3-hydroxy-3-cephem-4-carboxylic esters through the Wittig reactionThe 3-hydroxy-ceph-3-em-esters 1a, b reacted smoothly with stabilized phosphor-ylids to give a series of derivatives which were converted into the microbiologically active acids 14a, c, 15c and 20 by known procedures. The synthesis of the amides 23, 24, 26 and of the ester 28 from the 3-carboxymethyl-derivative 19 is also reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new metabolite, verrucarin K (C27H34O8) has been isolated from a strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (ALBERTINI et SCHWEINITZ) DITMAR ex FRIES. On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence structure 1 was assigned to the new compound. Base-catalysed hydrolysis yielded verrucarinolactone (5), E,Z-muconic acid (6) and trichotheca-9, 12-diene-4,15-diol (3). The implications of 1 in the trichothecane biosynthesis are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1528-1544 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthese und Umlagerung von 7-Halo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-olenDie Reaktion von verschiedenen 7-halogen-substituierten Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-onen mit komplexen Metallhydriden oder mit Methylmagnesiumiodid zu den entsprechenden 7-Halo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-olen verläuft unter Angriff des Nucleophils trans zum Halogen, um dem vicinalen Kohlenstoff-Halogen-Dipol auszuweichen. In Gegenwart von starken Basen unterliegen die Halohydrine einer Umlagerung, die je nach der durch die intramolekularen Wechselwirkungen bedingten Konformation, entweder unter Hydridverschiebung zu Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-onen oder, unter Ringverengung, zu Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-en-6-carbaldehyden führt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The title compound 2 was synthesized from the intermediates 3 and 4. It is identical with the rearrangement product of 1 and glyoxal, of which the X-ray structure analysis is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1551-1567 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The tricyclic alcohols 3-7, derived from the corresponding ketones 1 and 2 (Scheme 1), by action of acids underwent dehydration with skeletal rearrangements. Dehydration of 3 and 4 with POCl3/pyridine (procedure A) afforded the polycyclic hydrocarbons 9, 10, and 12, 13, respectively. With TsOH (procedure B), on the other hand, 3 and 4 gave homo-triquinacenes 10 and 14 respectively, as well as the polycyclic ethers 11 and 15 (Scheme 2). Hydrocarbon 9 (or 12) was converted into 10 FSO3H to the tertiary alcohol 16 (Scheme 4). Plausible mechanisms for these transformations are summarized in Scheme 8. Dehydration of the secondary alcohols 5 and 7 was effected by procedure A. While treatment of alcohol 5 with POCl3/pyridine yielded two isomeric hydrocarbons 17 and 18, similar dehydration of its epimeric alcohol 7 afforded hydrocarbon 21 as the sole product. The tertiary alcohol 6 was dehydrated by both procedures to yield two isomeric hydrocarbons 19 and 20 (Scheme 5). Hydrocarbon 20 was converted into 19 by procedure B (mechanisms, Scheme 10). Reaction of ketone 2 with CF3COOH gave the addition product 22 converted into vinylsulfonyl fluorides 24 and 25 by treatment with FSO3H (Scheme 6). Homo-triquinacenes 10 and 14 reacted smoothly with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to give the ‘ene’-reaction products 26 and 27, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: New Cyclopeptides from Trichoderma polysporum (LINK EX PERS.) RIFAI: Cyclosporins B, D and ECyclosporins represent a new group of biologically active metabolites produced by Trichoderma polysporum (LINK EX PERS.) RIFAI and other fungi imperfecti. The structures of the main components, cyclosporins A (1) and C(3) have been determined as neutral cyclic oligopeptides composed of 11 amino acids, among them a new C9-amino acid [2-4]. In addition, three minor metabolites, cyclosporins B, D and E, have now been isolated and characterized. Chemical investigation, spectroscopic evidence and X-ray analysis led to the structural formulae of cyclosporins B (2) and D (4). Both compounds have the same sequence of amino acids as cyclosporin A (1), with the exception of L-α-aminobutyric acid, replaced in cyclosporin B (2) by L-alanine and in cyclosporin D (4) by L-valine, respectively. Cyclosporins undergo a characteristic intramolecular N,O-acyl migration to furnish the corresponding basic isocompounds. The antifungal activities of cyclosporins are reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: New 18-Substituted Steroids. I. 18-MethylideneprogesteroneThree independent syntheses of 18-methylideneprogesterone, the first representative of a new group of biologically highly active steroidal compounds, are described. In the first approach 3-acetoxy-20-oxo-5-pregnen-18-carbonitril (2) is transformed into the final product by a reaction sequence involving the Cope degradation of the N-oxide 6 of the corresponding tertiary aminomethyl derivative. The Wittig reaction 3,3,20,20-Bis(äthylendioxy)-5-pregnen-18-al (11) represents the crucial step in the second synthesis. In the last procedure the 18-methylidene-20-oxo grouping is generated by fragmentation of an 18,21-bridged 1,3-diol system (19). The two former methods are very versatile and generally applicable for the synthesis of other analogues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal dehydration of CsMnF4 · 2H2OThe preparation of a new fluoromanganate (III)-complex CsMnF4 · 2H2O is reported. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with a = 11.891(2) Å, b = 6.589(1) Å, c = 10.558(1) Å, β = 131.46(1)° and Z = 4. The crystal structure has been solved from diffractometer data by heavy-atom methods and refined to a conventional R-value of 1.8% (including the contributions of three hydrogen atoms in measured and one in calculated positions). The structure is characterized by isolated, tetragonally distorted [MnF4(OH2)2]-octahedra with Mn-F-distances from 1.801(8) Å to 1.870(7) Å and Mn-O-distances of 2.146(6) Å and 2.268(6) Å. Cesium exhibits an irregular 10-coordination by 8 F-atoms and 2 O-atoms (mean values for the two independent cesium ions: Cs-F = 3.17 Å and 3.21 Å, Cs-O = 3.32 Å and 3.29 Å). The [MnF4(OH2)2]-octahedra are connected to six neighbouring octahedra by hydrogen bonding.The dehydration of the complex has been studied by thermoanalytical methods and power x-ray-diffractometry. The unit cell of the dehydrated compound, CsMnF4, is tetragonal with a = 7.936(1) Å and c = 6.341(1) Å. A close relationship to the structure of CsFeF4, which is a superstructure variant of the T1A1F4-type[6], is indicated by the similarity of the corresponding unit cells and preliminary structure factor calculations. A proposition for the crystal structure of CsMnF4 is developed on the basis of (2 + 2 + 2)-orthorhombic distorted MnF6-octahedra.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1601-1606 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reactions of oxygenated cobalt(II) complexes. IX. Oxidative properties of tetrakis(ethylenediamine)-μ-peroxo-μ-hydroxo-dicobalt(III)VIII s. [1].[(en)2Co(O2, OH)Co(en)2]3+ (a) reacts with I- in acidic aqueous solution according to: CoIII(O2, OH)CoIII + 21- + 5H+ ⇀ 2CoIII + 3H2O + I2. Using I- in excess first order rate constants are obtained which, to a first approximation, are independent of [I-]. Comparison with kinetic data of deoxygenation of [(en)2Co(O2, OH)Co(en)2]3+ under analogous conditions suggests that both reactions have the same rate determining step. The singly bridged species [(en)2(H2O)CoO2Co(H2O) (en)2]4+ is shown to be the reactive intermediate in the iodide oxidation (Schema 2).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2089-2098 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Addition of nitrogen trioxide to indene and alkylindenesN2O3 adds to indene and homologous yelding pseudonitrosites which are converted to aminoindanes. Treatment of the pseudonitrosites with alcoholic potassium hydroxide gives the correspondent nitroindenes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Crossed conjugated Cyanines and Merocyanines, obtained from Salts of 1-substituted 2,3-Dimethyl-quinoxalines. (A second type of vinylogous Indigo-imides.) Preliminary Communication.On dissolving quaternary salts of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline in dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide, a spontaneous reaction takes place: the title compounds are isolated from the reaction mixtures; they are easily oxidized, e.g. by MnO2. Mechanistic aspects are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2107-2109 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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