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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4,318)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3,588)
  • Witterung
  • 1980-1984  (7,735)
  • 1925-1929  (199)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Klima ; Witterung ; Qualität ; Trockenheit ; Sorte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of chitting and planting time of potato seed on the suitability of the crop for crisp production was investigated in a 5-year trial. The second-early table variety Bintje and the two early-main crisping varieties Maritta and Saturna were used. Three chitting periods (0, 6 and 12 weeks) and two planting dates (the beginning of April and May) were investigated. The change in crisping quality over a 7–8 month storage period was checked by frying tests at two to two-and-a-half monthly intervals. The criterion of quality was the colour of the crisps. Duration of chitting had little effect on crisping quality. The effect of planting date was strongly affected by the weather in a given year. In most years, but not for the experiment overall, the colour rating of the chips was slightly but significantly better for the later rather than the earlier planting date. The two crisping varieties Maritta and Saturna reached optimum suitability for crisping about twothirds of the way through the storage period, i.e. about March, the late plantings showing a more marked improvement in quality than the early ones (Table 1, Fig. 1–4). The weather, sometimes in combination with various soil conditions, had the greatest influence on the experimental results. This is concluded since the effects of the individual experimental factors depend on the season (Fig. 1–4) and from the difference in the averaged yearly results. Statistical analysis showed highly significant years and all experimental factors but chitting. 1976 merits special attention due to the extremely warm and dry summer weather. Potatoes which at the start of storage were generally poor showed a great improvement in quality during storage, especially those from the later planting. From the results it is obvious that the producer of quality potatoes for industry faces difficulties in choosing growing methods for improving quality due to the unpredictability of the consequences of weather conditions.
    Abstract: Résumé L'influence de la durée de prégermination des plants et de la date de plantation sur l'aptitude des pommes de terre à la fabrication de pommes chips a été examinée dans un essai répété pendant 5 ans. Les cultivars ci-après ont été examinées: Bintje, variété mi-précoce de consommation, Maritta et Saturna, variétés mi-tardives présentant une très bonne aptitude à la fabrication de pommes chips. Trois procédés de prégermination (0, 6 et 12 semaines) ainsi que deux dates de plantations (début avril et début mai) ont été comparés. L'évolution de la qualité des chips au cours d'une durée de conservation de 7 à 8 mois, a été contrôlée à intervalles de deux mois à deux mois et demi, par des tests de fabrication. La couleur des pommes chips a constitué le critère de qualité. La prégermination n'a pratiquement pas influencé la qualité des chips. L'effet de la date de plantation était en relation étroite avec les conditions météorologiques de l'année. Sur un grand nombre d'années d'essais et compte tenu des exceptions, une amélioration peu importante mais néanmoins significantive de la qualité des chips, a été obtenue par la plantation tardive, par rapport à la plantation précoce. Pour les variétés spécifiquement aptes à la fabrication de chips, Maritta et Saturna, les tubercules ont atteint leur qualité optimale aux deux tiers de la durée de conservation, soit en mars environ. L'amélioration de la qualité a été plus prononcée pour les tubercules issus de la plantation tardive que pour ceux de la plantation précoce (tableau 1, fig. 1–4). Ce sont les conditions de croissance et les différences de structure du sol qui ont influencé le plus les résultats de ces essais. L'effet de l'année sur les paramètres examinés a été évident (fig. 2–4). L'analyse statistique (tableau 1) donne une interaction hautement significative entre les années et les paramètres d'essais, exception faite de la prégermination. Les résultats de l'année 1976 méritent une attention particulière, en raison des températures élevées, de la sécheresse durant l'été. La qualité des tubercules a été plutôt médiocre en début de conservation. Par la suite, plusieurs lots, et particulièrement ceux de la plantation tardive, se sont fortement améliorés (fig. 3). Ces résultats démontrent pour la production de pommes de terre destinées à la transformation industrielle, les difficultés auxquelles se heurte le choix des techniques culturales appropriées, en raison des conditions météorologiques imprévisibles.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die in einem mehrjährigen Versuch (1973–1977) mit den Sorten Bintje, Maritta und Saturna geprüften Faktoren Vorkeimen und Pflanzzeitpunkt des Saatgutes sowie Lagerdauer des Erntegutes, übten folgende Einflüsse auf die Farbe von daraus hergestellten Pommes Chips aus: - Spätes Pflanzen (anfangs Mai) brachte in der Mehrzahl der Versuchsjahre eine leichte Verbesserung der Chipsfarbe bei jeweils mindestens zwei der drei Versuchssorten gegenüber frühem Pflanzen (anfangs April). - Die Vorkeimdauer hatte keinen Einfluss. - Mit zunehmender Lagerdauer trat mindestens bis zum Monat März bei den beiden Chips-Sorten Maritta und Saturna eine Qualitätsverbesserung ein, die bei den spätgepflanzten Varianten etwas deutlicher ausfiel als bei den frühgepflanzten. Die Ergebnisse wurden durch die Jahreswitterung und teils auch durch die Bodenbeschaffenheit stark beeinflusst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 40 (1925) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 40 (1925), S. 517-557 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An early segregation of germ cells and migration through a germ track into the gonad does not occur in the albino rat. The germ cells are produced only from the peritoneum of the genital region and their earliest formation is coincident with the thickening of the coelomic epithelium to form the genital ridge. This takes place eleven days after insemination in embryos of approximately 18 somites. Germ cells continue to form from the peritoneum during the early development of the gonad. The peritoneum of this region also produces mesenchyme, smaller cells of the gonads, and the germinal epithelium.The argument for the specific character of the germ cells in vertebrates and their continuity from the egg is based largely upon assumption, and not upon substantial observations, and must be discarded. Germ-cell origin is a problem of cellular differentiatio, and not of early segregation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 41 (1925), S. ii 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 41 (1925), S. 191-216 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Painted turtles, gopher tortoises, and terrapins were fed on various mixtures of sand, salts, dextrin, casein, cod-liver oil, wheat, eggs, lettuce, and meal worms. Each individual was weighted weekly for about a year and then killed for analysis, the water, ash, nitrogen, and fat being determined. Some individuals increased in weight as much as 75 per cent, others lost weight. Judged by growth and chemical analyses, the food requirements of chelonians, as representative poikilothermal vertebrates toward nutritive substances (including vitamines) are similar to those of homoiothermal animals.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 41 (1925), S. 267-281 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Of the eggs laid by Fasciolaria about 1 per cent develop into veligers, about 2 per cent more undergo a few cleavage divisions, and about 97 per cent do not divide at all. The 99 per cent that fail to develop normally are ‘swallowed’ by the veligers. This study concerns itself chiefly with the ova that do not divide. Notes on normal development and on the ova that undergo atypical cleavage are included.All of the ova are found to be typical when passed from the ovary. To each ovum one to several sperms become attached at the vegetal pole in the region of a mass of undifferentiated protoplasm - the ‘polar mass.’ A fertilization cone forms in each ovum and a fertilization membrane. In typical development a yolk lobe is formed, the sperm enters in the usual way, and fertilization is completed as in many other mollusks. In 97 per cent of the ova the yolk lobe is not formed and the sperm does not enter. In these cases the wall of the egg nucleus remains intact a long time. The nucleus itself and the ‘polar mass’ sink into the egg and meet at the center. Then the nuclear wall disappears and an atypical diaster is formed. However, cleavage is not begun and the chromosomes form vesicles that remain near the center of the ovum until it is ‘swallowed’ and digested by the veliger.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The blood of Perophora viridis is found to contain six types of cells: (1) Green cells, which have green-colored fatty bodies embedded in clear cytoplasm. (2) Orange cells, with orange-colored bodies of unknown composition in the cytoplasm. (3) Colorless berry-like cells, with fluid-filled vesicles in the cytoplasm. (4) Granular amoeboid cells. (5) Compartmental amoeboid cells, which have box-like vacuoles containing brownian granules of a fatty substance. (6) Vesicular, signet-ring type of cell having a single large vacuole. The cytological structure of these cells and their reaction to various dyes are described.An effort has been made to homologize the types of cells found in the blood of other ascidians with those found in Perophora.It is concluded that the variety of colors found in the cells of ascidian blood is due to the varying chemical states of the vanadium-containing chromogen present in the cells.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926), S. 111-141 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Disintegration in killing agents was studied throughout development. In the unfertilized egg and cleavage stages the death gradient runs from animal to vegetal pole. In the late blastula stage the future dorsal surface and future point of gastrulation show heightened susceptibility. The gastrula has a gradient from anterior to posterior end along its dorsal surface, with a slight reverse gradient around the blastopore; lateral and ventral regions are least susceptible.Before and after the appearance of the neural groove, the dorsal surface shows increased susceptibility with gradient in it from anterior to posterior end. The neural tube is highly susceptible, with a death gradient from anterior to posterior end and a slight reverse gradient at its posterior end.During late stages and in the larva the double gradient is present; death begins at the two ends and progresses backward from head, forward from anus; from the former most rapidly. The least susceptible place is near the posterior end. The posterior reverse gradient is less developed in the lamprey than in other vertebrate embryos, due, probably, to its lack of a tail bud.Assuming that death differences indicate differences in rate of activity, it appears that such differences in activity may be causes and not results of developmental processes, for the development of certain parts (dorsal surface, blastopore, central nervous system) is indicated by heightened activity before it is evident morphologically.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926), S. 83-109 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The summary of this paper is as follows:1A critical review of the developmental evidence shows that the branchial pouches are formed in cephalocaudal sequence subsequently to the segmentation of the dorsal mesoderm.2The pouches interrupt a continuous sheet of mesoderm to form the branchial arches.3The arches when formed do not correspond topographically to the dorsal somites.4Branchiomerism does not therefore coincide with somitic metamerism.3The branchial structures do not support the theory of head segmentation.3The nervi trigeminus, facialis, glossopharyngeus, and vagus cannot be regarded as segmental nerves.3There is no evidence that branchial pouches or arches have been elided from the series.3The problem of meristic homology is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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