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  • Other Sources  (269)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (269)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (269)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2008  (269)
  • 1928
  • 1
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    Trajectory Model of Lunar Dust Particles (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The goal of this work was to predict the trajectories of blowing lunar regolith (soil) particles when a spacecraft lands on or launches from the Moon. The blown regolith is known to travel at very high velocity and to damage any hardware located nearby on the Moon. It is important to understand the trajectories so we can develop technologies to mitigate the blast effects for the launch and landing zones at a lunar outpost. A mathematical model was implemented in software to predict the trajectory of a single spherical mass acted on by the gas jet from the nozzle of a lunar lander.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report; 42-43; NASA/TM-2008-214740
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Particle Ejection and Levitation Technology (PELT) (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Each of the six Apollo landers touched down at unique sites on the lunar surface. Aside from the Apollo 12 landing site located 180 meters from the Surveyor III lander, plume impingement effects on ground hardware during the landings were not a problem. The planned return to the Moon requires numerous landings at the same site. Since the top few centimeters of lunar soil are loosely packed regolith, plume impingement from the lander will eject the granular material at high velocities. A picture shows what the astronauts viewed from the window of the Apollo 14 lander. There was tremendous dust excavation beneath the vehicle. With high-vacuum conditions on the Moon (10 (exp -14) to 10 (exp -12) torr), motion of all particles is completely ballistic. Estimates derived from damage to Surveyor III caused by the Apollo 12 lander show that the speed of the ejected regolith particles varies from 100 m/s to 2,000 m/s. It is imperative to understand the physics of plume impingement to safely design landing sites for future Moon missions. Aerospace scientists and engineers have examined and analyzed images from Apollo video extensively in an effort to determine the theoretical effects of rocket exhaust impingement. KSC has joined the University of Central Florida (UCF) to develop an instrument that will measure the 3-D vector of dust flow caused by plume impingement during descent of landers. The data collected from the instrument will augment the theoretical studies and analysis of the Apollo videos.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report; 30-31; NASA/TM-2008-214740
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  • 3
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    Non-Boltzmann Modeling for Air Shock-Layer Radiation at Lunar-Return Conditions (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: This paper investigates the non-Boltzmann modeling of the radiating atomic and molecular electronic states present in lunar-return shock-layers. The Master Equation is derived for a general atom or molecule while accounting for a variety of excitation and de-excitation mechanisms. A new set of electronic-impact excitation rates is compiled for N, O, and N2+, which are the main radiating species for most lunar-return shock-layers. Based on these new rates, a novel approach of curve-fitting the non-Boltzmann populations of the radiating atomic and molecular states is developed. This new approach provides a simple and accurate method for calculating the atomic and molecular non-Boltzmann populations while avoiding the matrix inversion procedure required for the detailed solution of the Master Equation. The radiative flux values predicted by the present detailed non-Boltzmann model and the approximate curve-fitting approach are shown to agree within 5% for the Fire 1634 s case.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 4
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    Electrostatic Characterization of Lunar Dust (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: To ensure the safety and success of future lunar exploration missions, it is important to measure the toxicity of the lunar dust and its electrostatic properties. The electrostatic properties of lunar dust govern its behavior, from how the dust is deposited in an astronaut s lungs to how it contaminates equipment surfaces. NASA has identified the threat caused by lunar dust as one of the top two problems that need to be solved before returning to the Moon. To understand the electrostatic nature of lunar dust, NASA must answer the following questions: (1) how much charge can accumulate on the dust? (2) how long will the charge remain? and (3) can the dust be removed? These questions can be answered by measuring the electrostatic properties of the dust: its volume resistivity, charge decay, charge-to-mass ratio or chargeability, and dielectric properties.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: John F. Kennedy Space Center's Technology Development and Application 2006-2007 Report; 32-33; NASA/TM-2008-214740
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  • 5
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    Twentieth Century Moon: The Evolution of Lunar Science, 1955 - 2002 (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Here we discuss thc bibliographic record of Lunar Science as published in refereed journals from 1955 to 2002. New tools in bibliometrics, i.e. the study of publications and citations, reveal the structure of this scientific field by measuring and visualizing connections between published papers. This approach is especially powerful when applied to a well defined field such as Lunar Science, which is strongly affected by policy and the actions resulting from policy, most obviously gathering samples from the Moon. This poster presents some results obtained by processing a dataset of lunar science bibliographic records through a bibliographic visualization program.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 6
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    The Structure and Dynamics of Titan's Middle Atmosphere (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Titan's middle atmosphere is characterized by cyclostrophic winds and strong seasonal modulation. Cassini CIRS observations, obtained in northern winter, indicate that the stratosphere near l mbar is warmest at low latitudes, with the South Pole a few degrees colder and the North Pole approximately 20 K colder. Associated with the cold northern temperatures are strong circumpolar winds with speeds as high as 190 m/s. Within this vortex, the mixing ratios of several organic gases are enhanced relative to those at low latitudes. Comparison with Voyager thermal infrared measurements, obtained 25 years ago in northern spring, suggests that the enhancement currently observed will increase as the winter progresses. The stratopause height, increases from 0.1 mbar near the equator to 0.01 mbar near the North Pole, where it is the warmest part of the atmosphere, greater than 200 K. This implies subsidence at the pole, which is consistent with the enhanced organics observed. Condensate features, several still not identified, are also apparent in the infrared spectra at high northern latitudes. In many ways, the winter vortex observed on Titan, with cyclostrophic winds, resembles the polar winter vortices on the Earth, where the mean winds are geostrophic.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A; Volume 367; No. 1889; 649-664
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Titan In Situ Exploration Concepts at JPL (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: This slide presentation reviews concepts for exploring Titan via balloon vehicles. The presentation includes information about the baseline options, the deployment scenario, and the balloon technology development.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 8
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    Titan Architecture Baseline Options (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: This slide presentation reviews the mission architecture for the Titan mission. The presentation includes information on mission architecture options, probe delivery options, and Enceladus lighting.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 9
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    Antarctic Meteorite Newsletter, Volume 31, No. 1 (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: This newsletter reports 418 new meteorites from the 2004 and 2006 ANSMET seasons from the Cumulus Hills (CMS), LaPaz Ice Field (LAP), Graves Nunataks (GRA), Grosvenor Mountains (GRO), Larkman Nunatak (LAR), MacAlpine Hills (MAC), Miller Range (MIL), Roberts Massif (RBT), and Scott Glacier (SCO). These new samples include one iron, 1 eucrite, 1 mesosiderite, 6 CK chondrites (2 with pairing), 2 CV3 chondrites, 1 CM1, 7 CM2 (4 with pairing), 3 CR2 (2 with pairing), and one each of a type 3 L and H chondrites. The CK6 chondrites (LAR 06869, 06872, 06873) are unusual in that they have no discernable chondrules, extremely fine-grained texture, and are full of veins. This newsletter represents a break from recent newsletters in which we have announced many unusual and popular samples, including new lunar and martian meteorites, an unusual achondrite (GRA 06128 and 06129 the topic of a special session at this years LPSC).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 10
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    Launching to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: This viewgraph presentation reviews NASA's mission to launch to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond. The following questions will be answered: 1) What is NASA's mission? 2) Why do we explore? 3) What is our timeline? 4) Why the Moon first? 5) What will the vehicles look like? 5) What progress have we made? 6) Who will be doing the work? and 7) What are the benefits of space exploration?
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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