ALBERT

Note: Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: Table of Contents Preface List of Participants Foreword Introduction Education and training in remote sensing Chapter 1 Background - the physical basis of remote sensing Chapter 2 The EARTHNET data acquisition, processing and distribution faculty Chapter 3 METEOSAT, Europe's contribution to the global weather observing system Chapter 4 Remote sensing from space: review of future plans and prospects Chapter 5 Guide to the design and specification of a primary user receiving station for meteorological and oceanographic satellite data Chapter 6 The design and implementation of DIBIAS, a digital interactive image processing system Chapter 7 A low-cost image data display system for teaching use Chapter 8 Elementary ideas of optical image processing Chapter 9 Geometrical aspects of remote sensing, space cartography Chapter 10 Statistical methods: a selective tutorial survey Chapter 11 The atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data and the quantitative determination of suspended matter in marine water surface layers Chapter 12 Remote sensing of a complex surface Chapter 13 Some legal aspects of remote sensing Chapter 14 Airborne remote sensing experiments with a fluorescent tracer Chapter 15 Remote sensing of pollution Chapter 16 Studies of dust storms from satellites Chapter 17 The use of remote sensing in hydrology in Norway Chapter 18 Radio echo sounding of ice masses: principles and applications Chapter 19 Examples of applications of digital image processing of remotely sensed phenomena Chapter 20 Sea surface fronts and temperatures Chapter 21 Remote sensing of ocean waves, currents and surface winds by dekametric radar Chapter 22 The SEASAT-1 synthetic aperture radar: introduction data reception and processing Chapter 23 Microwave radiometry and applications Chapter 24 Meteorological models and climatological data sets Chapter 25 Use of satellite images and derived meteorological parameters for weather analysis and forecast Chapter 26 The use of cinematographic methods for the presentation of atmospheric motions as revealed by remote sensing techniques from satellites Notes on Field Trips FT1 A field assessment of various forms of remote sensing imagery on theTay Estuary tidal flats FT2 Notes for field work on sea truth measurement for remote sensing verification Worksheets for Laboratory Exercises WS1 Example of an exercise in aerial photograph interpretation WS2 A case study of mid-latitude frontal cyclone structure using TIROS-N upper-air and surface observations WS3 A climatological archive from meteorological satellite data - the problems involved WS4 Interpretation of aerial infrared survey data WS5 Simple spatial filtering experiments WS6 Portable LANDSAT-type radiometer and classification of a LANDSAT scene of the Dundee area WS7 Estimation of the forest area in the County of Norfolk from LANDSAT MSS images WS8 Classification and temporal variation in Wessex using LANDSAT MSS images WS9 Mapping of the Abertay Sands using LANDSAT MSS digital data WS 10 Estimation of snow cover in the Scottish highlands from LANDSAT imagery WS 11 Snow cover determination from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 AVHRR data Index

Note: Contents PREFACE PART I. THE BASIC TECHNIQUES CHAPTER I Observing the Weather Historical Weather Data Current Weather Data Reception of Weather Broadcasts The International Meteorological Observing Network The International Geophysical Year The Problem of Gaps in the Observing Network Climatological Instrumentation Standard Instruments Instruments for Special Investigations Some Unusual Climatic Elements Chemical Climate Radio Climate Surface Elements and Factors of Climate Derived Elements and Factors of Climate Notes to Chapter 1 CHAPTER 2 Interpreting the Observations The Analysis of Meteorological Time-Series Statistical Analysis of Scalar Quantities Frequency Analysis Probability Analysis The Relationships Between Scalar Quantities Statistical Analysis of Vector Quantities Statistical Predictions in Climatology Cartographic Interpretation of Climatic Data Aids to Facilitate Climatological Statistical Analysis Notes to Chapter 2 CHAPTER 3 Climatological Models Experimental Models of Phenomena of Weather and Climate Experimental Models of Cloud Formation Experimental Models of Airflow over Barriers Experimental Models of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere Mathematical Models of Phenomena of Weather and Climate Statistical Models Numerical Prediction Models 1. Models of Temperature and Precipitation Distributions on Hemispheric or Regional Scales 2. Models of Elements of the Atmospheric Circulation 3. Models of Atmospheric Processes 4. Models of Weather Phenomena Notes to Chapter 3 PART II. SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE BASIC TECHNIQUES Radiation Climatology The Physical Nature of Radiation Radiation Measurements Radiation-Measuring Instruments Standard Radiation-Measuring Instruments Nonstandard and Experimental Instruments Indirect Estimation of Radiation from Theory Mapping the Distribution of Radiation The Climatology of Radiation Balance Fluctuations in Solar Radiation and Their Climatic Significance Notes to Chapter 4 CHAPTER 5 Temperature Types of Thermometer Errors in Temperature Measurement The Physical Picture of Temperature The Geographical Pattern of Temperature The Statistical Pattern of Temperature The Historical Pattern of Temperature Notes to Chapter 5 CHAPTER 6 Clouds and Climate The Study of Individual Clouds The Study of the State of the Whole Sky Synoptic Cloud Reporting Cloud Photography The Climatological Importance of Cloud Physics Notes to Chapter 6 CHAPTER 7 Visual Climate and Optical Climatology The Theory of Visibility Climatological Representation of Visibility Observations Some Visual-Range Phenomena Sky and Landscape Colors and Atmospheric Optical Effects Notes to Chapter 7 PART III. GEOGRAPHICAL CLIMATOLOGY CHAPTER 8 Geographical Climatology World Studies of Actual Climates Regional Studies of Actual Climates Methodological Studies in Geographical Climatology Applied Climatology Notes to Chapter 8 POSTCRIPT APPENDIXES ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS FURTHER READINGS INDEXES

Note: INHALT: Vorwort. - 1. Zielstellung, Aufbau und Arbeitsweise der Problemkommission "Planetare geophysikalische Forschungen" (KAPG). - 2. Grundsätzliche Probleme auf der VII. Arbeitstagung der KAPG 1972 in Prag. - 2.1. Kommuniqué über die durchgeführten Arbeiten der KAPG. - 2.2. Über die Tätigkeit der KAPG im Jahre 1971. - 2.3. Über die Vorbereitung des 5-Jahresplanes für die Jahre 1976 - 1980. - 2.4. Prognose der Entwicklung der Geophysik. - 2.5. Der Mensch und seine Umwelt. - 2.6. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der Untersuchung des tiefen Aufbaus der Erdkruste auf dem Gebiet der ČSSR. - 2.7. Moderne Entwicklungstendenzen der Meteorologie und das Globale Atmosphärische Forschungsprogramm. - 3. Beiträge der DDR zu den Arbeiten der KAPG. - 3.1. Unterkommission 1: Oberer Mantel und Erdkruste. - 3.2. Unterkommission 2: Solar-terrestrische Physik. - 3.3. Unterkommission 3: Rezente Erdkrustenbewegungen. - 3.4. Unterkommission 4: Erdbebenforschung und seismische Rayonierung. - 3.5. Unterkommission 5: Datenaustausch. - 3.6. Unterkommission 6: Geodäsie und Gravimetrie. - 3.7. Unterkommission 7: Probleme der Physik der Atmosphäre und der Meteorologie.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion factors Introduction Physical setting Hydrology Climate Bathymetry PhysIcal oceanography Wind effects on circulatIon Previous investigations Approach Imagery analyzed Wind and tidal data Results Suspended sediment patterns Ice distribution Generaltzed surface circulation Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Keys to Figures 2, 3 and 4 Appendix B. Observations made from usable Landsat Imagery Appendix C. Selected landsat images used to make observations and interpretations of surface water patterns and ice distribution

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Modes of heat transmission History and state of the art Technical aspects of heat transmission systems Heat sources Space heating loads Thermal energy storage Fluid dynamics considerations Pump drivers Buried piping systems Economic aspects of heat transmission systems Capital costs Operation and maintenance costs Problem formulation Criteria for the optimum solution The objective function Problem solution The response surface Methods of solution Sample results, conclusions and suggestions for future work Results from model calculations Conclusions and suggestions for future work Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program listing

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors Introduction Collocation method Neumann problem Specified surface heat flux Convective surface heat flux Insulated semi-infinite body Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Program listing for numerical quadrature of equation 28

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ I. Общие вопросы геокриологии Типы мерзлых толщ и проблемы криолитологии / Е. М. Катасонов Некоторые актуальные проблемы геокриологии / Б. И. Втюрин, Е. А. Втюрина Выявление географической зональности развития криолитозоны в горных странах / П. А. Соловьев. Влияние температуры горных пород на развитие полигонально-жильных образований / Н. Н. Романовский Причины образования мелких трещинных полиrонов / В. В. Куницкий О понятиях ледяная и земляная жилы / П. А. Соловьев II. Региональные геокриолоrические исследования Экзогенные процессы рельефообразования на севере Западной Сибири / В. Л. Суходровский Вопросы формирования пластовых залежей льда на полуострове Ямал / В. В . Баулин Подземный лед в песчаном аллювии реки Лены / Г. Ф. Гравис, М. С. Иванов Криогенные образования в сезоннопротаивающих эоловых отложениях Центральной Якутии / Е. Г. Катасонова Геокриологическая характеристика Северного Прибайкалья / Т. Н. Соловьева Геокриологические условия долины реки Малые Кидерики (Хребет Сунтар-Хаята) / И. В. Климовский, Н. К. Мишарина, Г. Н. Попова Бугры пучения в бассейне реки Полуя / П. П. Гордеев III. Региональные гидрогеологические исследования Гидрогеолоrическое районирование Севeро-Востока СССР / Н. Н. Индолева, Н. И. Толстихин, О. Н. Толстихин Гидрогеологическое районирование Южной Якутии / И. Г. Артеменко О вертикальной гидрохимической зональности в кристаллических породах Алданского щита / Г. И. Климов Геохимия природных вод среднего течения р. Маи и нижнего течения р. Юдомы / Е. А . Басков, Г. И. Климов Содержание фтора в подмерзлотных водах Центральной Якутии и методы снижения его концентрации / Н. П. Анисимова, Т. В . Голованова Соленые воды в средне кембрийских отложениях приречной зоны р. Лены / В .Л. Белецкий, П. В. Кырбасов Воды таликов и связанные с ними наледи Уяндинюкой впадины и северо-восточной части Селенняхского хребта / Н. Н. Романовский, В. Е. Афанасенко, А. Б. Чижов Режим наледообразующих источников Центральной Якутии / В. М. Пигузова, В. В. Шепелев Оценка наледного питания и наледного стока бассейнов рек Момы и Тихон-Юрях (притоки Индигирки) / В. В. Шепелев , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Preface Part I DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINERALS CHAPTER 1 Minerals Without Complex Anions NATIVE ELEMENTS Diamond C Sulfur S SULFIDES Sphalerite ZnS Pyrite FeS₂ HALIDES Halite NaCl Sylvite KCl Fluorite CaF₂ Carnallite KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O Cryolite Na₃AlF₆ OXIDES Periclase MgO Rutile TiO₂ Anatase TiO₂ Brookite TiO₂ Cassiterite SnO₂ Corundum Al₂O₃ Hematite Fe₂O₃ Ilmenite FeTiO₃ Perovskite CaTiO₃ THE SPINEL GROUP The Spinel Series (Mg,Fe²⁺ ,Zn,Mn)Al₂O₄ The Chromite Series (Fe²⁺,Mg)Cr₂O₄ The Magnetite Series (Fe²⁺,Mg,Zn,Mn,Ni)Fe₂³⁺ O₄ Chrysoberyl BeAl₂O₄ HYDROXIDES Brucite Mg(OH)₂ Gibbsite Al(OH)₃ The Diaspore-Boehmite Series α-AlO(OH)-γ-AlO(OH) The Goethite-Lepidocrocite Series α-FeO(OH)-γ-FeO(OH) Limonite FeO(OH) · nH₂O CHAPTER 2 Minerals With Complex Anions (Excluding Silicates) CARBONATES Calcite CaCO₃ Magnesite MgCO₃ Siderite FeCO₃ Rhodochrosite MnCO₃ Smithsonite ZnCO₃ The Dolomite-Ankerite Series CaMg(CO₃)₂-Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO₃)₂ Aragonite CaCO₃ Strontianite SrCO₃ Witherite BaCO₃ Cerussite PbCO₃ Malachite Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃ Azurite Cu₃(OH₂)(CO₃)₂ PHOSPHATES Xenotime YPO₄ Monazite (Ce,La,Th)PO₄ Amblygonite LiAl(PO₄)F The Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series Li(Mn,Fe)PO₄ Apatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,OH,Cl) Wavellite Al₃(OH₃)(PO₄)₂ · 5H₂O SULFATES Anhydrite CaSO₄ Gypsum CaSO₄ · 2H2O Barite BaSO₄ Celestite SrSO₄ Anglesite PbSO₄ Alunite KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ Jarosite KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ BORATES Borax Na₂B₄O₇ · 10H₂O Colemanite Ca₂B₆O₁₁ · 5H₂O The Ludwigite-Vonsenite Series (Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Fe³⁺BO₃ · O₂ CHAPTER 3 The Nesosilicates THE OLIVINE GROUP The Forsterite-Fayalite Series (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ The Tephroite-Fayalite Series (Mn, Fe)₂SiO₄ Monticellite CaMgSiO₄ THE GARNET GROUP Pyralspite Garnets (Mg,Fe²⁺,Mn)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃ Ugrandite Garnets Ca₃(Al,Fe³⁺,Cr)₂(SiO₄)₃ ALUMINOSILICATES Andalusite Al₂SiO₅ Kyanite Al₂SiO₅ Sillimanite Al₂SiO₅ Topaz Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ Mullite 3Al₂O₃ · 2SiO₂ - 2Al₂O₃ · SiO₂ OTHER NESOSILICATES Dumortierite (Al,Fe³⁺)-O₃(BO₃)(SiO₄)₃ Zircon ZrSiO₄ Sphene CaTiSiO₅ Datolite CaB(SiO₄)OH Staurolite Fe₂²⁺Al₋₉O₆(SiO₄)₄(OH)₋₂ Sapphirine (Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Al₄O₆(SiO₄) Chloritoid (Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn)₂(Al,Fe³⁺)AI₃O₂(SiO₄)₂(OH)₄ The Humite Group nMg₂SiO₄Mg₁₋ₓTiₓ(OH,F)₂₋₂ₓO₂ (x 〈 1) CHAPTER 4 Sorosilicates and Cyclosilicates THE EPIDOTE GROUP The Clinozoisite-Epidote Series Ca₂(Al,Fe³⁺)₃O · SiO4 · Si₂O₇ · OH Zoisite Ca₂Al₃O · SiO₄ · Si₂O₇ · OH Piemontite Ca₂(Al,Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₃O · SiO₄ · Si₂O₇ · OH Allanite (Ca,Ce,La)₂(Al,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃O · SiO₄ · Si₂O₇ · OH Pumpellyite Ca₂Al₂(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂(H₂O,OH) Lawsonite CaAl₂Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O THE MELILITE GROUP The Gehlenite-Akermanite Series (Ca,Na)₂(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₇ OTHER SOROSILICATES Idocrase Ca₁₀(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Al₄(Si₂O₇)₂(SiO₄)₅(OH,F)₄ Hemimorphite Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O CYCLOSILICATES Beryl Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ Cordierite Mg₂Al₃(Si₅Al)O₁₈ Tourmaline Na(Mg,Fe,Li.Al)₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH,F)₄ Axinite (Ca,Fe²⁺,Mn)₃Al₂BO₃(SiO₃)₄OH CHAPTER 5 Inosilicates THE PYROXENE GROUP The Enstatite-Orthoferrosilite Series Mg₂(SiO₃)₂-Fe₂(SiO₃)₂ The Diopside-Hedenbergite Series CaMg(SiO₃)₂-CaFe(SiO₃)₂ Pigeonite (Mg,Fe²⁺,Ca)(Mg,Fe²⁺)(SiO₃)₂ Augite (Ca,Mg,Fe²⁺,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Ti,Cr)(Si,Al)₂O₆ The Aegirine to Aegirine-Augite Series NaFe³⁺(SiO₃)₂-(Na,Ca)(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Al)(SiO₃)₂ Jadeite NaAl(SiO₃)₂ Omphacite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)(SiO₃)₂ Spodumene LiAl(SiO₃)₂ THE PYROXENOID GROUP Wollastonite CaSiO₃ Rhodonite (Mn,Ca)SiO₃ Pectolite Ca₂NaH(SiO₃)₃ THE AMPHIBOLE GROUP Anthophyllite (Mg,Fe²⁺)₇(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₂ The Cummingtonite-Grunerite Series (Mg,Fe²⁺)₇(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₂ The Tremolite-Actinolite Series Ca₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₅(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₂ The Hornblende Series ("Common" Hornblende) Ca₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₄(Al,Fe³⁺)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂ Oxyhornblende (Basaltic Hornblende) Ca₂Na(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Ti)₅[(Si₃Al)O₁₁]₂(OH)₂ The Glaucophane-Crossite-Riebeckite Series Na₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₃(Al,Fe³⁺)₂(Si₄O₂₂)₂(OH)₂ Katophorite Na(Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe²⁺)₄Fe³⁺(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂ The Arfvedsonite-Eckermannite Series Na(Na₁.₅,Ca₀.₅)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₄Fe³⁺(Si₇.₅Al₀.₅)O₂₂(OH)₂ Barkevikite (Na,K)Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺,Mn)₅(Si₇Al )O₂₂(OH)₂ CHAPTER 6 Phyllosilicates THE CLAYS The Kaolin (Kandite) Group Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ The Montmorillonite (Smectite) Group (1/2Ca,Na)₀.₆₇(Al,Mg,Fe)₄₋₆(Si.Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · nH₂O The Illite Group (K,Na,H₃O)₁₋₂Al₄(Si₇₋₆Al₁₋₂)O₂₀(OH)₄ Glauconite (K,H₃O)₂(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Si₇₋₇.₅Al₁₋₀.₅O₂₀(OH)₄ Vermiculit (Mg,Ca)[(Mg,Fe²⁺)₅(Fe³⁺,Al)](Si₅AI₃)O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O The Palygorskite-Sepiolite Series (Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₈Si₁₂O₃₀(OH)₄(OH₂)₄ · 8H₂O THE MICA GROUP Muscovite KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂ Biotite K₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₆₋₅Al₀₋₁(Si₆₋₅Al₂₋₃)O₂₀(OH,F)₄ Lepidolite K₂(Li₄₋₂Al₂₋₃)(Si₈₋₆Al₀₋₂)O₂₀(OH,F)₄ Zinnwaldite K₂(Fe₁₋₂²⁺Li₂₋₃Al₂)(Si₆₋₇Al₂₋₁)O₂₀(F,OH)₄ Brittle micas Ca₂(Al.Mg)₄(Al,Si)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ THE CHLORITE GROUP The Amesite-Antigorite Series (Mg,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ The Pseudothuringite-Brunsvigite Series (Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ The Klementite-Delessite Series (Mg,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ The Thuringite-Strigovite Series (Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ OTHER PHYLLOSILICATES Serpentine Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄ Talc Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ Pyrophyllite Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ Stilpnomelane (K,Na,Ca)₀₋₁(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn,Al)₂(O,OH,H₂O)₆₋₇(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn,Al)₅₋₆(Si₈O₂₀)(OH)₄ Prehnite Ca₂Al(AlSi₃)O₁₀(OH)₂ Apophyllite KCa₄(Si₄O₁₀)₂F · 8H₂O CHAPTER 7 Tektosilicates SILICA α-Quartz SiO₂ β-Quartz SiO₂ α-Tridymite SiO₂ α-Cristobalite SiO₂ Chalcedony SiO₂ Opal SiO₂ · nH₂O NATURAL GLASSES FELDSPARS Alkali Feldspars The Sanidine-High Albite Series (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ The Orthoclase-Low Albite Series (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ The Microline-Low Albite Series (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ Plagioclase Feldspars Plagioclase (NaSi,CaAl)AlSi₂O₈ Barium Feldspar The Celsian-Orthoclase Series (BaAl,KSi)AlSi₂O₈ THE FELDSPATHOID GROUP Nepheline Na₃KAl₄Si₄O₁₆ Leucite KAlSi₂O₆ The Sodalite Group Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂ Cancrinite (Ca,Na)₇₋₈(AlSiO₄)₆(CO₃,SO₄,Cl)₁₋₂ · 1-5H₂O THE ZEOLITE GROUP Analcime Na(AlSi₂)O₆H₂O Natrolite Na₂(AlSi₃)O₁₀ · 2H₂O Mesolite Na₂Ca₂[(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀]₃ · 8H₂O Scolecite Ca(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀ · 3H₂O Thomsonite NaCa₂[(Al,Si)₅O₁₀]₂ · 6H₂O Gonnardite Na₂Ca[(Al,Si)₅O₁₀]₂ · 6H₂O Mordenite (Na₂,K₂,Ca)(Al₂Si₁₀)O₂₄ · 7H₂O Laumontite Ca(Al₂Si₄)O₁₂ · 4H₂O Edingtonite Ba(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀ · 4H₂O Heulandite (Ca,Na₂)(Al₂Si₇)O₁₈ · 6H₂O Stilbite (Ca,Na₂,K₂)(Al₂Si₇)O₁₈ · 7H₂O Phillipsite (Ca,K₂,Na₂)₆[(Al₃Si)₅O₁₆]₂ · 12H₂O Harmotome Ba(Al₂Si₆)O₁₆ · 6H₂O Chabazite Ca(Al₂Si₄)O₁₂ · 6H₂O Gmelinite (Na₂,Ca)(Al₂Si₄)O₁₂ · 6H₂O OTHER TEKTOSILICATES Scapolite (Ca,Na)₄[(Al,Si)₃Al₃Si₆O₂₄](Cl,CO₃) Petalite Li(AlSi₄)O₁₀ Part II Optical and physical constants of the nonopaque minerals Isotropic Minerals Uniaxial Positive Minerals Uniaxial Negative Minerals Biaxial Positive Minerals Biaxial Negative Minerals Index

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: National geodynamics Project-Upington geotraverse : simplified geological map 〈1: 250000〉 : Draughting and colour seperation by R M E Kováts /by V Vajner, J van Bever Donker, C Z van Zyl, and C.W.Stowe , Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: The Namaqualand geotraverse 〈1: 250000〉 /by H.J. Blignault, J.A.H. Marais, S.W. van der Merwe, G. van Aswegen and J.A. Muller

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Provisional geological map of the barberton greenstone belt and surrounding granitic terrane, Eastern Transvaal and Swaziland 〈1: 250000〉 : drawn by N.A.De N.C. Gomes and R.M. N.C. Gomes /by C.R. Anhaeusser, L.J. Robb and M.J. Viljoen, 1981

Note: Articles Introduction J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.01 Geological and Geochemical Studies of Northwest European Continental Shelf The role of the Department of Energy in petroleum exploration of the United Kingdom P. J. Walmsley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.02 Gas Exploration and Reserves in Europe A. Makourine https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.03 A Review of Geochemical Data Related to the Northwest European Gas Province P. C. Barnard and B. S. Cooper https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.04 Surface Geochemical Exploration in the North Sea J. L. Gevirtz, B. D. Carey, and S. R. Blanco https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.05 Analytic Procedure and Results of an Isotope Geochemical Surface Survey in an Area of the British North Sea E. Faber and W. Stahl https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.06 Petroleum Offshore Sniffer Exploration J. Sigalove https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.07 Petroleum Exploration Onshore U.K. G. J. Candy https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.08 North Sea petroleum exploration T. P. Brennand https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.09 Exploration of the Norwegian Shelf Hans Rønnevik, Svein Eggen, and Jan Vollset https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.10 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Palaeocene Sands in the Northern North Sea D. C. Mudge and G. M. Bliss https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.11 Geochemistry of Porosity Enhancement and Reduction in Clastic Sediments C. D. Curtis https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.12 Applications of Geochemistry to Sandstone Reservoir Studies Hilary Irwin and Andrew Hurst https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.13 Organofacies and Early Maturation Effects in Upper Jurassic Sediments From the Inner Moray Firth Basin, North Sea M. J. Pearson and D. Watkins https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.14 Aspects of Burial Diagenesis, Organic Maturation and Palaeothermal History of an Area in the South Viking Graben, North Sea M. J. Pearson, D. Watkins, and J-L Pittion D. Caston and J. S. Small https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.15 Some Geological Controls on Oil Composition in the U.K. North Sea C. Cornford, J. A. Morrow, A. Turrington, J. A. Miles, and J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.16 Kerogen Types, Organic Maturation and Hydrocarbon Occurrences in the Moray Firth and South Viking Graben, North Sea Basin M. J. Fisher and Jennifer A. Miles https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.17 Geochemistry of North and South Brae Areas, North Sea R. H. Reitsema https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.18 The Search for Petroleum in Northern Ireland A. E. Griffith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.19 Frontier exploration in Western and Northwest Europe D. G. Roberts https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.20 Petroleum Exploration of Europe Origins of Natural Gas in the Po Valley, N. Italy L. Mattavelli, T. Ricchiuto, and D. Grighani M. Schoell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.21 Isotope Geochemistry of Natural Gases in Central Europe M. Schoell and M. J. Whiticar https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.22 Geochemical Observations and Oil Genesis in the German Alps and their foreland K. Kuckelkorn, H. Wehner, and H. Hufnagel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.23 Basin Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation D. P. McKenzie https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.25 Oil Potential of Coals: A Geochemical Approach B. Durand and M. Paratte https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.26 Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry in Coal Chemistry: a study of the coalification of vitrites and the typification of Australian Brown Coals P. A. Schenck, J. W. de Leeuw, and T. C. Viets J. Haverkamp https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.27 Identification of Amorphous Sedimentary Organic Matter by Transmitted Light Microscopy D. J. Batten https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.28 Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards P. M. R. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.29 Selection Criteria for the Use of Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Tool J. M. A. Buiskool Toxopeus https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.30 Use of Porphyrins as a Maturity Parameter for Oils and Sediments A. J. G. Barwise https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.31 Petroleum Geochemical Principles and Techniques Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling — Important Tools in Petroleum Exploration D. H. Welte, M. A. Yükler, M. Radke, D. Leythaeuser, U. Mann, and U. Ritter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.24 Geological Information on Hydrocarbon Exploration on the U.K. Continental Shelf Introduction G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.32 The Compilation of an Earth Science Bibliography for the North Sea and Adjacent Areas D. J. McKay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.33 Commercially Available Geological Databanks—U.K.C.S. P. Wigley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.34 Geological Information from Hydrocarbon Exploration on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf J. R. V. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.35 EXPHST—A Program to Analyse the History of Exploration Success within a Basin or Country K. J. Chew and H. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.36 The Use of Computerized Information in Britoil, Exploration Division G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.37

Note: CONTENTS Introduction History and development along the Elliott and Dalton Highways Elliott Highway Hickel Highway Dalton Highway Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Climate Temperature Precipitation Physiography Permafrost and ground ice Hydrology Icings Pingos Geology Bedrock geology Glacial geology of the Brooks Range Vegetation Bottomland spruce-poplar forest Upland spruce-hardwood forest Lowland spruce-hardwood forest High shrub Low shrub bogs Moist tundra Wet tundra Alpine tundra Disturbance patterns Flora Soils Road log Introduction Fox Fox - Livengood Livengood Livengood - Yukon River Yukon River region and crossing Yukon River - Atigun Pass Cirque glaciation and processes in the Atigun Pass area Slushflow activity in the Atigun Pass area Atigun Valley - Prudhoe Bay The Prudhoe Bay region Oil-field development Geology Geomorphology. soils, and vegetation Selected references Appendix A - Soil taxonomy Appendix B - List of plants

Note: CONTENTS Principles of Tectonic Zonation On principles of tectonic zonation / Yu. A. Kosygin Methodics of tectonic zonation and mapping / T. N. Spizsharsky Paragenetic analysis of structures, as a base of tectonic mapping and of middle-scale structural mapping of folded regions / A. V. Lukyanov, I. G. Scherba On principles of compiling of middle- and large-scale tectonic maps / I. N. Kazakov On methodics of compiling of regional tectonic maps / A. I. Olly, V. A. Romanov, P. N. Mikhailov To methodics of tectonic mapping of platform oil and gas bearing regions / F. G. Gurary, K. I. Mikulenko, V. S. Staroseltsev Principles of compiling of tectonic map of oil and gas bearing regions of USSR / L. N. Rosanov Notes on tectonic zonation / Ch. B. Borukayev, L. M. Parfyonov Peculiarities of structure of development of arc uplifts, as a base for tectonic and metallogenic zonation / N. A. Fogelman Principles of compiling of tectonic map of Arctic and Subarctic / I. P. Atlasov Principles and methods of tectonic mapping of epypaleozoic platforms / V. S. Bochkarev Some questions of genesis of main fault systems in the south of East Siberia / P. M. Khrenov On problems of zonation of fundament of platforms / L. Ya. Provodnikov, D. V. Puchkova Tectonic terminology, systematics and nomenclature Principles of constructing of tectonic systems of notions, terms and symbols / Yu. A. Kosygin, A. M. Borovikov, V. A. Solovyov Some problems of tectonic nomenclature and systematics / L. I. Krasny The main principles and systems of concepts in the theory of geosynclines / G. S. Gnibidenko, K. S. Shashkin The typification and nomenclature of folded systems in connection with their cyclic development / V. A. Amantov On the evolution of the main types of Earth crust / E. N. Petrov Some regularities of patterns of platform structures, and their systems / V. V. Zabaluev Scheme of morphogenetic classification of deep faults and their terminology / V. A. Dedeev, A. K. Zapol'nov To the problem of classification of deep faults on geological and geophysical indications (on example of the main zones of deep faults in Siberia and Far East) / G. A. Mourzina Typification of fold structures and geotectonic zonation / G.S.Senchenko Types of local structures of geosynclinal and intermediate zones on example of west end of Large Caucasus / A. I. Dyakonov, F. K. Baydov, Yu. D. Kuzmenko Morphogenetic types of local structures of Kempendyay region of salt dislocations / M. K. Weinberg , P. K. Mazaeva, G. S. Fradkin About the terms: "graben", "graben-shape depression", "taphrogeosyncline", "avlakogene" / V. S. Bochkarev Experimental reproduction of tectonic dislocation forms About modern methods of tectonic experiments / I. V. Luchitsky, P. M. Bondarenko, V. I. Gromin, G. D. Ushakov Experimental investigation of conditions of appearing of flow cleavage, in equivalent material / E. I. Patalakha About the possible thermic effect of tectonic deformation of rocks / E. I. Patalakha, V. G. Lee Experimental investigation of deformations, with increasing of volume of the deformations masses / I. V. Kyrillova, E. I. Chertkova Modeling of process of forming of salt structures by solid plastic materials in centrifuge / A. M. Sycheva-Mikhailova New methods of deformation estimations in the models / A. V. Mikhailova About one experiment with investigation of fault systems of globe / V. M. Bourmistenko The mechanizm of forming of Caledonian fundament structure of Minusa depression and its framing (on experimental data) / O. M. Zavgorodsky The stress fields and geologic structures in the south part of Siberian platform and its framing (on modeling data) / V. G. Gladkov, V. P. Nikittn, P. M. Khrenov Deformation of sedimentary rocks under high pressures and temperatures / G. M. Avchan, A. A. Matveenko, Z. B. Stephankevich About tectonophysic analyses of mechanisms of forming of system jointing, on example of Aldan schield / R. I. Grishkyan , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Принципы тектонического районирования О принципах тектонического районирования / Ю. А. Косыгин Методика составления тектонических карт и принципы тектонического районирования / Т. Н. Спижарский Парагенетический анализ структур как основа тектонического районирования и составления среднемасштабных структурных карт складчатых областей / А. В. Лукьяпов, И. Г. Щерба О принципах еоставления средне- и крупномасштабных тектонических карт / И. Н. Казаков О методике составления региональных тектонических карт / А. И. Олли, В. А. Ромапов, П. Н. Михайлов К методике составления тектонических карт платформенных нефтегазоносных областей / Ф. Г. Гурари, К. И. Микулеико, В. С. Старосельцев Принципы составления тектонической карты нефтегазоносных областей СССР / Л. Н. Розанов Заметки о тектоническом районировании / Ч. Б. Борукаев, Л. М. Парфенов Особенности строения и развития сводовых поднятий как основа для тектонического и металлогенического районирования / Н. А. Фогельман Принципы составления тектонической карты Арктики и Субарктики / И. П. Атласов Принципы и методы тектонического районирования эпипалеозойских платформенных областей / В. С. Бочкарев О некоторых вопросах генезиса главнейших систем разрывов юга Восточной Сибири / П. М. Хренов К проблеме районирования фундамента платформенных областей / Л. Я. Проводпиков, Д. В. Пучкова Тектоническая терминология, систематика и номенклатура Принципы построения систем тектонических понятий, терминов и знаков / Ю. А. Косыгин, А. М. Боровиков, В. А. Соловьев Некоторые проблемы тектонической систематики / Л. И. Красный Основные принципы и системы понятий теории геосинклиналей / Г. С. Гнибидепко, К. С. Шашкин Типизация и номенклатура складчатых систем в связи с цикличностью их развития / В. А. Амантов Об эволюции главных типов земной коры / Е. Н. Петров Некоторые закономерности пространственного размещения платформенных структур и их систематика / В. В. Забалуев Схема морфогенетической классификации глубинных разломов и их терминология / В. А. Дедеев, А. К. Запольиов К проблеме классификации глубинных разломов по геолого-геофизическим признакам (на примере главнейших зон глубинных разломов Сибири и Дальнего Востока) / Г. А. Мурзина Типизация складчатых структур и геотектоническое районирование / Г. С. Сенченко Типы локальных структур геосинклинальной и переходной областей (на примере западного окончания Большого Кавказа) / А. И. Дьяконов, Ф. К. Байдов, Ю. Д. Кузъменко Морфогенетические типы локальных структур Кемпендяйской впадины / М. К. Вейнберг, П. К. Мазаева, Г. С. Фрадкин О терминах "грабен", "грабенообразная впадина", "тафрогеосинклиналь" и "авлакоген" / В. С. Бочкарев Экспериментальное воспроизведение тектонических форм О современных методах тектонического эксперимента / И. В. Лучицкий, П. М. Бондаренко, В. И. Громин, Г. Д. Ушаков Экспериментальное изучение условий возникновения кливажа течения в эквивалентном материале / Е. И. Паталаха О возможном термическом эффекте тектонического деформирования горных пород / Е. И. Паталаха, В. Г. Ли Экспериментальное исследование деформаций связанных сувеличением объема деформируемых масс / И. В. Кириллова, Е. И. Черткова Моделирование процесса формирования соляных структур на твердых пластичных материалах с применением центрифуги / А. М. Сычева-Михайлова Новое в методике оценки деформаций в моделях / А. В. Михайлова Об одном опыте экспериментального изучения разломных структур земного шара / В. М. Бурмистенко Механизм формирования структуры каледонского фундамента Минусинского прогиба и его обрамления (по экспериментальным данным) / О. М. Завгородский Поля напряжений и геологические структуры южной части Сибирской платформы и ее обрамления (по данным моделирования) / В. Г. Гладков. В. П. Никитин, П. М. Хренов Деформации осадочных горных пород под действием высоких давлений и температур / Г. М. Авчян, А. А. Матвеенко, 3. Б. Стефанкевич О тектонофизическом анализе механизма образования системной трещиноватости (на примере Алданского щита) / Р. И. Гришкян , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: The role of atmospheric circulation in the formation of air temperature anomalies on climatic scale in the Arctic / A. I. Voskresensky, A. A. Girs. - Some features of contemporary climatic variations in the Arctic / A. N. Lyubarsky, L. S. Petrov. - Structure of long-term variations of the snowless period in the Soviet Arctic / E. I. Aleksandrov, N. N. Briazgin, A. N. Lyubarsky. - Seasonal display of turbulent heat transfer in the Arctic Ocean / K. I. Chukanin. - Nature of causal relationship between the polar ice and the thermal conditions in the atmosphere / V. F. Zakharov. - Climate modelling and polar regions / A. I. Voskresensky, A. P. Nagurny. - Climatic change forecasting and polar regions / A. P. Nagurny. - Some features of the present evolution of the Arctic ice sheet / V. F. Zakharov, A. A. Kirillov. - Determination of the synchronous climate variation regions by the method of expansion in natural orthogonal functions (by example of the northern area of Ob' river basin) / E. I. Aleksandrov, N. N. Briazgin, A. N. Lyubarsky. - Climatic variations in the northern areas of Ob' and Yenisey river basins and in Karskoye more (Kara Sea) during the last decades / L. S. Petrov, V. V. Subbotin. , In kyrill. Schr.