ALBERT

Note: Contents: Part I: Supply Chain Risk Management -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 3: Modeling Risk Emergence and Propagation in Buyer-Supplier-Customer Relationships -- Chapter 4: Managing Reputational Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 5: Managing IT and Cyber Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 6: Developing Supply Chain Risk Mitigation Strategies -- Part II: Supply Chain Vulnerability and Disruptions Management -- Chapter7: Analyzing Supply Chain Vulnerability through Simulation -- Chapter 8: Supply Chain Disruptions Preparedness Measures Using a Dynamic Model -- Chapter 9: A Quantitative Model for Analyzing Market Response during Supply Chain Disruptions -- Chapter 10: Supply Chain Risk Management in the Transmission and Amplification of Disruptions -- Chapter 11: Strategic Sourcing Under Supply Disruption Risk -- Chapter 12: Design and Evaluation of Global Supply Chain Considering Disruption Risk -- Part III: Toward a Resilient Supply Chain -- Chapter 13: Supply Chain Resiliency: A Review -- Chapter 14: The Role of Resiliency in Managing Supply Chains Disruptions -- Chapter 15: Designing Resilience into Service Supply Chains: A Conceptual Methodology -- Chapter 16: Resiliency in Supply Chain Systems: A Triadic Framework using Family Resilience Model -- Chapter 17: Cultivating Supply Chain Agility: Managerial Actions Derived From Established Antecedents -- Chapter 18: Assessing Supply Chain Resilience upon Critical Infrastructure Disruptions: A Multilevel Simulation Modelling Approach

Note: Die ersten Schritte am Mac --- Installation --- Mit dem Mac ins Internet --- Das Programm Mail verwenden --- iCloud - Die Datenwolke von Apple nutzen --- Nachrichten und Videotelefonie --- Programme installieren und verwalten --- Organisation und Büroarbeiten am Mac --- Pages, Numbers und Keynote - die Office-Apps --- iTunes und Apple Music --- Videos ansehen und bearbeiten --- Bilder verwalten und bearbeiten --- Die Benutzerverwaltung verstehen --- Backups mit Time Machine erstellen --- Terminal - Die Kommandozeile --- Windows mit Boot Camp installieren --- Automatisierung --- Hilfe bei Problemen

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Annotation. - Autorenverzeichnis. - Die Blattodea (Insecta) des Paläozoikums, Teil II: Morphogenese der Flügelstrukturen und Phylogenie / Jörg Schneider. - Zur Taxonomie und Biostratigraphie der Conchostraca (Phyllopoda, Crustacea) des Rotliegenden (oberes Karbon bis Perm) im Saar-Nahe-Gebiet (BRD) / Thomas Martens. - Zur Ichnologie der Arthropoda / Harald Walter.

Note: Contents Volume 1 Part I Natural Science Basics 1 Introduction into Physical Oceanography / Rebecca Hummels 2 Ecological Organization of the Sea / Birte Matthiessen, Franziska Julie Werner, and Matthias Paulsen 3 Marine Ecosystem Services / Markus Salomon and Henriette Dahms Part II Impacts of Sectoral Marine Activities 4 Impact of Fishing Activities on Marine Life / Gerd Kraus and Rabea Diekmann 5 Mariculture / Thomas A. Wilding, Kenneth D. Black, Steven Benjamins, and Iona Campbell 6 Shipping / Alan Simcock 7 Impacts of Coastal Developments on Ecosystems / Christian Winter 8 Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Transportation / Stanislav Patin 9 Exploitation of Offshore Wind Energy / Jens Lüdeke 10 Dredging for Navigation, for Environmental Cleanup, and for Sand/Aggregates / Craig Vogt, Eugene Peck, and Gregory Hartman 11 Environmental Risks of Deep-sea Mining / Philip P. E. Weaver, David S. M. Billett, and Cindy L. Van Dover 12 Dumped Chemical Weapons / Jacek Bełdowski 13 Marine Climate Engineering / David P. Keller Part III Impacts of Land-Based Activities 14 Agriculture / Oene Oenema, Qian Liu, and Jingmeng Wang 15 Land-Based Industries / Elisabeth Schmid 16 Land-Based Wastewater Management / Stephan Koester 17 Tourism / Alan Simcock Part IV Pollution from Diffuse Sources 18 Climate Change: Warming Impacts on Marine Biodiversity / Helmut Hillebrand, Thomas Brey, Julian Gutt, Wilhelm Hagen, Katja Metfies, Bettina Meyer, and Aleksandra Lewandowska 19 Ocean Acidification / Peter Thor and Sam Dupont 20 Pollution with Hazardous Substances / Katja Broeg and Norbert Theobald 21 Pollution with Radioactive Substances / Hartmut Nies 22 Eutrophication / Justus E. E. van Beusekom 23 Marine Litter / Stefanie Werner and Aleke Stöfen O’Brien 24 Input of Energy/Underwater Sound / Olaf Boebel, Elke Burkhardt, and Ilse van Opzeeland 25 Introduction of Non-indigenous Species / Ralph Kuhlenkamp and Britta Kind Volume 2 Part V Social Drivers, Developments, and Perspectives of Increasing Ocean Uses 26 A Short History of the Use of Seas and Oceans / Sunhild Kleingärtner 27 Factors Behind Increasing Ocean Use: The IPAT Equation and the Marine Environment / Troels J. Hegland Part VI General Aspects of Management and Governance of Human Activities 28 Challenges and Foundations of Sustainable Ocean Governance / Till Markus 29 Institutional Framework for Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh 30 International Principles of Marine Environmental Protection / Gerd Winter 31 Overview of Management Strategies and Instruments / Carolin Kieß 32 Future Prospects of Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh and Aline Jaeckel Part VII Traditional Marine Management Topics 33 The International Legal Framework for Conservation and Management of Fisheries and Marine Mammals / Andrew Serdy 34 Aqua- and Mariculture Management: A Holistic Perspective on Best Practices / Marc H. Taylor and Lotta C. Kluger 35 Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation / Henning Jessen 36 Sustainable Shipping / Ciarán McCarthy and Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 37 Management of Hazardous Substances in the Marine Environment / Mikael Karlsson and Michael Gilek 38 Origin and Management of Radioactive Substances in the Marine Environment / Hartmut Nies 39 Waste/Litter and Sewage Management / Aleke Stöfen-O’Brien and Stefanie Werner 40 Coastal and Ocean Tourism / Stefan Gössling, C. Michael Hall, and Daniel Scott Part VIII Emerging Management Topics 41 The Greening of Ports / Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 42 Offshore Windfarms / Greg Severinsen 43 Wave and Tidal Energy / Kate Johnson and Sandy Kerr 44 Deep-Seabed Mining / Philomene Verlaan 45 Marine Biodiversity: Opportunities for Global Governance and Management Coherence / Daniela Diz 46 Marine Protected Areas: Global Framework, Regional MPA Networks and a National Example / Henning von Nordheim 47 Marine Environmental Protection and Climate Change / Birgit Peters 48 Management of Non-indigenous Species and Invasive Alien Species / Wolfgang Köck and Bjørn-Oliver Magsig 49 Integrating Sectoral Ocean Policies / Markus Salomon and Miriam Dross 50 Marine Scientific Research / Anna-Maria Hubert 51 An Emerging Environmental Issue: Marine Discharge of Mine Tailings / Craig Vogt and Jens Skei 52 Managing and Regulating Underwater Noise Pollution / Till Markus and Pedro Pablo Silva Sánchez 53 Marine Geo-Engineering / Harald Ginzky 54 Marine Spatial Planning / Mathias Schubert

Note: Contents: Einleitung ; Teil 1 - Institutionen und kommunale Governance ; Kommunaler Klimaschutz nach dem Pariser Klimagipfel ; Urbane Energiewende - Wege zur Klimaneutralität in Großstädten ; Teil 2 - Verfahren und kommunale Governance ; Dekarbonisierung regional steuern! - Erfassung des Standes und der Entwicklungsdynamik der Energiewende in der Metropolregion Ruhr ; Mit Wettbewerben Bürgerinnen und Bürger zum Klimaschutz motivieren ; Dienstleistungen für Energieeffizienz als Beitrag zum kommunalen Klimaschutz ; Partizipation im klimagerechten Stadtumbau: Multi-Level-Konstellationsanalysen des Beteiligungsprozesses der »Innovation City« ; Teil 3 - Ganzheitliche kommunale Klimapolitik ; Schritt für Schritt zum Ziel - Transition Management und Klimaschutz in Rostock ; Suffizienz im kommunalen Klimaschutz ; Die Wärmewende in Städten umsetzen - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze ; Teil 4 - Akteure und Handlungsfelder des kommunalen Klimaschutzes ; Klimafreundliche Alltagspraktiken unterstützen - Chancen und Herausforderungen für die kommunale Klimaschutzpolitik ; Change Agents in Kommunalverwaltungen ; Klimaschutz lernen und erfahren - Wie Jugendliche befähigt werden, sich für Klimaschutz zu engagieren ; Boden - die natürliche Klimaanlage der Stadt ; Ausblick: Wie Klimahandeln in Städten und Gemeinden zukünftig verstärkt gelingen kann ; Das Ecological Research Network (Ecornet

Note: Table of contents --- C. Morelli: The contributions of the International Gravimetric Commission (IGC) to global surface-gravity determinations // pp. 165-177 --- C Kotsakis and M. G. Sideris: Study of the gravity field spectrum in Canada in view of cm-geoid determination // pp. 179-188 --- S.D. Pagiatakis, D. Fraser, K. McEwen, A. K. Goodacre and M. Veronneau: Topographic mass density and gravimetric geoid modelling // pp. 189-194 --- H. Denker and I.N. Tziavos: Investigation of the Molodensky series terms for terrain reduced gravity field data // pp. 195-203 --- S.A. Benhamed Daho and S. Kahlouche: Gravimetry data validation in Algeria // pp. 205-210 --- M. Mojzeš and J. Janák: New gravimetric quasigeoid of Slovakia // pp. 211-217 --- I.N. Tziavos, R. Forsberg and M.G. Sideris : Marine gravity field recovery by combining satellite altimetry and shipborne gravimetry // pp. 219-226 --- G. Fotopopulos, C. Kotsakis and M.G. Sideris: Development and evaluation of a new Canadian geoid model // pp. 227-238 --- C. Jekeli: A further evaluation of the EG M96 geopotential model based on deflections of the vertical // pp. 239-243 --- N.K. Pavlis, C.M. Cox, E.C. Pavlis and F.G. Lemoine: Intercomparison and evaluation of some contemporary global geopotential models // pp. 245-254 --- J.C. Catalao and M.J. Sevilla: Comparison between EGM96 and FCUL96B tailored geopotential model for the north-east Atlantic // pp. 255-259 --- J. Kusche, K.H. Ilk and S. Rudolph: Two-step data analysis for future satellite gravity field solutions: a simulation study // pp. 261-266 --- C. Jekeli: An analysis of geopotential difference determination from satellite-to-satellite tracking // pp. 267-272 --- J. Verdun , R. Bayer , E. Klingelé , M. Cerniar , M. Cocard , A. Geiger and M. Halliday: The Alpine Swiss French Airborne Gravimetry Project (ASFAG Project) // pp. 273-276 --- A. Albertella, F. Migliaccio and F. Sansò: New simulations for the spaceborne gravimetry inversion // pp. 277-283 --- Ch. Reigber, P. Schwintzer and H. Lühr: The CHAMP geopotential mission // pp. 285-289 --- B.D. Tapley and C. Reigber: GRACE: a satellite-to-satellite tracking geopotential mapping mission // pp. 291-291 --- S. Bettadpur, J.R. Kim and B.D. Tapley: Results from simulations studies of the GRACE mission // pp. 293-293 --- M. Aguirre-Martinez and S. Cesare: GOCE mission concept, error derivation and performances // pp. 295-302 --- H. Oberndorfer, R. Orobantu, C. Gerlach, J. Muller, R. Rummel, N. Sneetuw, R. Koop, P. Visser, P. Hoyng, A. Selig and M. Smit: GOCE sensor combination and error analysis // pp. 303-307 --- G. Balmino, F. Perosanz, R. Rummel, N. Sneeuw and H. Sunkel: CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE: mission concepts and simulations // pp. 309-319 --- P. Touboul, E. Willemenot, B. Foulon and V. Josselin: Accelerometers for CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE space missions: synergy and evolution // pp. 321-327 --- Ch. Reigber, F. Barthelmes, H. Greiner-Mai, Th. Gruber, H. Jochmann and J. Wünsch: Temporal gravity field variations from oceanic, atmospheric and inner core mass redistributions and their sensitivity to new gravity missions CHAMP and GRACE // pp. 329-340 --- R. Barzaghi, A. Borghi, L. De Stefani, A. Piatti and G. Venuti: SST estimation using collocation: method refinements and seasonal variability // pp. 341-346 --- R. Blinken and K.R. Koch: Estimation of geoid and sea surface topography from satellite altimetry by the adjoint method // pp. 347-352 --- R. Devoti, V. Luceri, P. Rutigliano, C. Sciarretta and G. Bianco: Time series of low degree zonals obtained analyzing different geodetic satellites // pp. 353-358 --- N.K. Pavlis, C.M. Cox, Y.M. Wang and F.G. Lemoine: Further analyses towards the introduction of ocean circulation model information into geopotential solutions // pp. 359-367 --- O.B. Andersen, P. Knudsen, S. Kenyon and R. Trimmer: Recent improvement in the KMS global marine gravity field // pp. 369-377 --- T. Bašic and M. Brkic: The latest efforts in geoid determination in Croatia // pp. 379-386 --- M. Rentsch, Th. Gruber and M. Anzenhofer: A global grid of high-resolution gravity anomalies based on Geosat and ERS-1 altimetry // pp. 387-394 --- G. Rodríguez, M.J. Sevilla and C. De Toro: Crossover analysis in the Canary-Azores region of ERS-1 altimetric data // pp. 395-401 --- G. Tóth, J. Ádám, I.N. Tziavos and V.D. Andritsanos: Gravimetric geoid computations in Hungary and the sorrounding area // pp. 403-409 --- D. Arabelos, S.D. Spatalas, I.N. Tziavos, M.J. Sevilla, G. Rodriguez, C. De Toro, J. Catalao and J. Calvao: A new high resolution geoid for the Iberian Atlantic continental shelf area // pp. 411-419 --- D. Dreher, M.F. Lalancette and M. Maia: Roughness of the gravity and seafloor topography used to infer geodynamic settings // pp. 421-426 --- O.B. Andersen: Shallow water tidal determination from altimetry - the M4 constituent // pp. 427-437 --- P. Knudsen and O. Andersen: A global high resolution mean sea surface from multi mission satellite altimetry // pp. 439-443 --- P. Holota: A construction of Galerkin’ smatrix in quasi-geoid determination // pp. 445-450 --- M.G. Doufexopoulou and V.N. Pagounis: Investigation of raw variance and variability spectra from non gravimetric geoidal signals // pp. 451-460 --- G. Gerstbach: Inversion of vertical deflection data by the program GREMMO // pp. 461-468 --- C. Braitenberg and M. Zadro: Iterative 3D gravity inversion with integration of seismologic data // pp. 469-475 --- V. Baiocchi, M. Crespi and F. Riguzzi: Mean density map for the Italian region by GIS techniques // pp. 477-482 --- V. Josselin, E. Willemenot and P. Touboul: Digital electronics for electrostatic accelerometers interest for high resolution and in-orbit calibration // pp. 483-486 --- J.M. Brown, T.M. Niebauer and F.J. Klopping: Results from a new interferometric ballistic differential gravity meter // pp. 487-496 --- G. Berrino, G. Cerrutti, G. Corrado, P. De Maria and U. Riccardi: Gravity studies on active Italian volcanoes: a comparison between absolute and relative gravimetry // pp. 497-510 --- Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Tamura and Y. Aoyama: The effects of sea-surface height variations on the long-period gravity changes // pp. 511-517 --- M. Amalvict, J. Hinderer and J.P. Boy: A comparative analysis between an absolute gravimeter (FG5-206) and a superconducting gravimeter ( GWR CO26) in Strasbourg: new results on calibration and long-term gravity changes // pp. 519-525 --- E. Willemenot, P.Touboul and V. Josselin: Gradiometer calibration and performance verification: GOCE approach // pp. 527-532 --- M.F. Lalancette-Le Quentrec, B. Simon, D. Orseau, N. Florisch, M. Llubes, m. Amalvict and J. Hinderer: Ocean loading and crustal deformation in Bretagne (France ) an experiment involving differential GPS, gravimetry and tide gauges // pp. 533-536 --- Y. Kuroishi: Improvement of Japanese geoid with lD- FFT method and its comparison with altimetry-derived geoid // pp. 537-543 --- N. Kühtreiber: Combining gravity anomalies and deflections of the vertical for a precise Austrian geoid // pp. 545-553 --- M. Kuhn: The influence of different crust models on the gravity field of the Earth // pp. 555-562 --- H.A. Abd-Elmotaal: Comparison among different geoid solutions for the Egyptian south-western desert using FFT technique // pp. 563-569 --- J. Ádám: Difference between geoid undulation and quasigeoid height in Hungary // pp. 571-575 --- C. Braitenberg and M. Zadro: The Grotta Gigante horizontal pendulums - instrumentation and observations // pp. 577-582 --- P. Baldi, G. Casula, J. Hinderer and M. Amalvict: Calibration of a superconducting gravimeter: a comparison between the mass attraction method and the use of FG5 absolute gravity measurements // pp. 583-588 --- L. Biagi, R. De Stefano, F. Sansó and C. Sciarretta: RTC and density variations in the estimation of local geoids // pp. 589-595 --- A. De Bruijne, R. Haagmans and E. De M

Note: This volume draws together the final outputs of the five-year UNESCO/IUGS/IGCP Project 571 and presents new data on radon in the built and natural environments, radon as a diagnostic tool of geophysical phenomena, reflections and recommendations on the future of radon research and a critique of radon's asserted use as a therapy. By considering all the aspects of radon as a health hazard and potential indicator of natural hazards, the project brought together the dispersed research (from universities, governmental and non-governmental bodies as well as commercial companies) on radon within an interdisciplinary context to facilitate scientific advancement and understanding. Through the establishment of working groups at regional and local levels and the development of research networks, a variety of international meetings were organized and a number of journal special issues published to disseminate the results. The scale of the project was global: scientists from over 20 European countries, plus countries in the Americas, Asia and the Middle East have been participants of the project. | Contents: Radon, Health and Natural Hazards: a signpost for assessment and protection in the 21st century / G. K. Gillmore, F. E. Perrier and R. G. M. Crockett / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 1-5, 31 January 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.11 --- Radon as a carcinogenic built-environmental pollutant / Gavin K. Gillmore, Robin G. M. Crockett and Paul S. Phillips / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 7-34, 6 January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.5 --- Significant annual and sub-annual cycles in indoor radon concentrations: seasonal variation and correction / Robin G. M. Crockett, Christopher J. Groves-Kirkby, Antony R. Denman and Paul S. Phillips / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 35-47, 1 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.2 --- Radon as an anthropogenic indoor air pollutant as exemplified by radium-dial watches and other uranium- and radium-containing artefacts / Robin G. M. Crockett and Gavin K. Gillmore / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 49-61, 9 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.4 --- Radon dynamics in a dwelling with high radon levels in a karst area / J. Vaupotič, A. Brodar, A. Gregorič and I. Kobal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 63-82, 11 January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.9 --- Radionuclides in groundwater, rocks and stream sediments in Austria – results from a recent survey / Gerhard Schubert, Rudolf Berka, Christian Katzlberger, Klaus Motschka, Monika Denner, Johannes Grath and Rudolf Philippitsch / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 83-112, 23 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.10 --- Effective radium-226 concentration in rocks, soils, plants and bones / Frédéric Perrier, Frédéric Girault and Hélène Bouquerel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 113-129, 21 November 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.8 --- Radon-222 and radium-226 occurrence in water: a review / Frédéric Girault, Frédéric Perrier and Tadeusz A. Przylibski / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 131-154, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.3 --- Radon and carbon dioxide around remote Himalayan thermal springs / Frédéric Girault, Bharat Prasad Koirala, Mukunda Bhattarai and Frédéric Perrier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 155-181, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.6 --- Radon surveys and monitoring at active volcanoes: learning from Vesuvius, Stromboli, La Soufrière and Villarrica / C. Cigolini, M. Laiolo, D. Coppola, C. Trovato and G. Borgogno / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 183-208, 1 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.1 --- Radon: a radioactive therapeutic element / Tadeusz Andrzej Przylibski / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 209-236, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.7

Note: Contents: Introduction -- Understanding energy poverty in the world -- The political economy of energy poverty -- Persistent energy poverty in India -- Country case studies : determinants of success -- Country case studies : when success eludes -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Note: Contents: Part 1: Introduction to Spreading in Social Systems ; Complex Contagions: A Decade in Review ; A Simple Person’s Approach to Understanding the Contagion Condition for Spreading Processes on Generalized Random Networks ; Challenges to Estimating Contagion Effects from Observational Data ; Part 2: Models and Theories ; Slightly Generalized Contagion: Unifying Simple Models of Biological and Social Spreading ; Message-Passing Methods for Complex Contagions ; Optimal Modularity in Complex Contagion ; Probing Empirical Contact Networks by Simulation of Spreading Dynamics ; Theories for Influencer Identification in Complex Networks ; Part 3: Observational Studies ; Service Adoption Spreading in Online Social Networks ; Misinformation Spreading on Facebook ; Scalable Detection of Viral Memes from Diffusion Patterns ; Attention on Weak Ties in Social and Communication Networks ; Measuring Social Spam and the Effect of Bots on Information Diffusion in Social Media ; Network Happiness: How Online Social Interactions Relate to Our Well Being ; Information Spreading During Emergencies and Anomalous Events ; Part 4: Controlled Studies ; Randomized Experiments to Detect and Estimate Social Influence in Networks ; The Rippling Effect of Social Influence via Phone Communication Network ; Network Experiments Through Academic-Industry Collaboration ; Spreading in Social Systems: Reflections

Note: Contents: I The Argument ; 1 Introduction ; 2 Renewable Energy: Past, Present, and Future ; 3 Policy Responses to External Shocks: A Theory ; II A Political History of Renewable Energy ; 4 Externa! Shocks: Destabilizing the Carbon Economy ; 5 Politicization: When the Stakes Grow Too High ; 6 Lock-In: An Era of Rapid Growth ; III The Road Ahead ; 7 Improving National Policy ; 8 Conclusion

Note: Contents: Preface to Fourth Edition. - Preface to Third Edition. - Preface to Second Edition. - Preface to First Edition. - Acknowledgments. - PART I THE PERIGLACIAL DOMAIN. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 The Periglacial Concept. - 1.2 Diagnostic Criteria. - 1.3 Periglacial Environments. - 1.4 The Periglacial Domain. - 1.5 The Periglacial Domain and the Cryosphere. - 1.6 Disciplinary Considerations. - 1.6.1 The Growth of Geocryology. - 1.6.2 The Challenge of Quaternary Science. - 1.6.3 Periglacial Geomorphology or Cold-Region Geomorphology?. - 1.7 Societal Considerations. - 1.8 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. - 2 Periglacial Climates. - 2.1 Boundary Conditions. - 2.2 Cold Deserts. - 2.3 Regional Climates. - 2.3.1 High Arctic Climates. - 2.3.2 Continental Climates. - 2.3.3 Alpine Climates. - 2.3.4 Montane Climates. - 2.3.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. - 2.3.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. - 2.4 Snow and Ice. - 2.5 Wind. - 2.6 Ground Climates. - 2.6.1 The 'n'-Factor. - 2.6.2 The Thermal Offset. - 2.6.3 The Ground Temperature Regime. - 2.7 Periglacial Climates and Global Climate Change. - 2.7.1 Basic Facts. - 2.7.2 Why Climate-Cryosphere Interactions Accelerate Climate Warming. - 3 Periglacial Ecosystems. - 3.1 General Statement. - 3.2 Biogeographic Zonation and Major Vegetation Types. - 3.3 Adaptations to Cold, Snow, Wind and Aridity. - 3.4 The Effect of Vegetation. - 3.5 The Polar Deserts. - 3.5.1 The High Arctic Polar Deserts. - 3.5.2 The High Arctic Polar Semi-Deserts. - 3.6 The Polar Desert-Tundra Transition. - 3.7 The Low-Arctic Tundra. - 3.8 The Forest-Tundra Bioclimatic Boundary (The Tree Line). - 3.9 The Boreal Forest. - 3.10 The Alpine and Montane Ecosystems. - 3.11 Antarctica - A Special Case. - 3.12 Periglacial Ecosystems and Climate Change. - PART II FROZEN GROUND AND PERMAFROST. - 4 Ground Freezing, Permafrost and the Active Layer. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Ground Freezing. - 4.2.1 Basic Concepts. - 4.2.2 Ice Segregation. - 4.2.3 "The Frozen Fringe'. - 4.2.4 Frost Heave. - 4.3 Perennially-Frozen Ground (Permafrost). - 4.4 Moisture and Ice Within Permafrost. - 4.5 Thermal and Physical Properties. - 4.5.1 The Geothermal Regime. - 4.5.2 The TTOP Model. - 4.5.3 Physical Properties. - 4.5.4 Thermal Properties. - 4.6 Permafrost Hydrology. - 4.6.1 Aquifers. - 4.6.2 Hydrochemistry. - 4.6.3 Groundwater Icings. - 4.7 The Active Layer. - 4.7.1 Terminology. - 4.7.2 The Active-Layer Thermal Regime. - 4.7.3 The Transient Layer. - 4.7.4 The Stefan Equation. - 5 Permafrost Distribution and Stability. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Controls over Permafrost Distribution. - 5.2.1 Relief and Aspect. - 5.2.2 Rock Type. - 5.2.3 Vegetation. - 5.2.4 Snow Cover. - 5.2.5 Fire. - 5.2.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. - 5.3 Spatial Extent of Permafrost and Frozen Ground. - 5.3.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. - 5.3.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. - 5.3.3 Montane Permafrost. - 5.3.4 Seasonally-Frozen Ground. - 5.4 Sub-Sea and Relict Permafrost. - 5.4.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. - 5.4.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. - 5.5 Permafrost and Ecosystems. - 5.6 Permafrost Monitoring and Mapping. - 5.6.1 CALM and GTN-P (TSP). - 5.6.2 BTS and Mountain Permafrost Probability Mapping. - 5.7 Climate Warming and Permafrost. - 5.7.1 Evidence for Warming Permafrost. - 5.7.2 Evidence for Thawing Permafrost. - 6 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Quantitative Parameters. - 6.3 Epigenetic, Syngenetic and Polygenetic Permafrost. - 6.4 Classification. - 6.4.1 The Russian Approach. - 6.4.2 The North American Approach. - 6.5 Main Ground Ice Types. - 6.5.1 Pore Ice. - 6.5.2 Segregated Ice. - 6.5.3 Intrusive Ice. - 6.5.4 Vein Ice. - 6.5.5 Other Types of Ice. - 6.6 Ice Distribution. - 6.6.1 Amounts. - 6.6.2 Distribution with Depth. - 6.6.3 Ice in Bedrock. - 6.6.4 Ice in Poorly-Lithified Sediments. - 6.7 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. - 6.7.1 Cryostructural Analysis. - 6.7.2 Cryostructures of Epigenetic and Syngenetic Permafrost. - 6.7.3 Thaw Unconformities. - 6.7.4 Aggradational Ice. - 6.7.5 Icy Bodies and Ice, Sand and Soil Pseudomorphs. - 6.8 Ice Crystallography. - 6.9 Ice Geochemistry. - 6.10 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. - 6.10.1 Nature and Extent. - 6.10.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. - 6.10.3 Buried Glacier Ice. - 6.11 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. - 7 Aggradational Permafrost Landforms. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. - 7.2.1 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. - 7.3 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. - 7.3.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. - 7.3.2 Ice, Sand and Soil ('Ground') Wedges. - 7.3.3 Development of the Polygon Net. - 7.3.4 Polygon Morphology. - 7.3.5 Controls over Cracking. - 7.3.6 Climatic Significance. - 7.4 Ice and Sand Wedges. - 7.4.1 Epigenetic Wedges. - 7.4.2 Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.4 Growth and Deformation of Wedges. - 7.5 Organic Terrain. - 7.5.1 Palsas. - 7.5.2 Peat Plateaus. - 7.6 Frost Mounds. - 7.6.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. - 7.6.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. - 7.6.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. - 8 Thermokarst Processes and Landforms. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Thawing Ground. - 8.2.1 Thaw Strain and Thaw Settlement. - 8.2.2 Potential Depths of Soil Freezing and Thawing. - 8.2.3 The Development of Thermokarst. - 8.3 Causes of Thermokarst. - 8.3.1 General Comments. - 8.3.2 Specific Causes. - 8.4 Thaw-Related Processes. - 8.4.1 Thermokarst Subsidence (Thaw Settlement). - 8.4.2 Thermal Erosion. - 8.4.3 Other Processes. - 8.5 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. - 8.5.1 Involuted Structures. - 8.5.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. - 8.5.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. - 8.5.4 Ice, Silt, Sand and Gravel Pseudomorphs. - 8.6 Thermokarst Landscapes. - 8.6.1 The Alas-Thermokarst Relief of Central Yakutia. - 8.6.2 The Western North American Arctic. - 8.6.3 The Ice-Free Areas of Continental Antarctica. - 8.7 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. - 8.7.1 Low-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.2 High-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. - 8.8 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. - 8.8.1 Lakes and Taliks. - 8.8.2 Morphology. - 8.8.3 Growth and Drainage. - 8.8.4 Oriented Thaw Lakes. - Part III Periglacial Geomorphology. - 9 Cold-Climate Weathering. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 General Weathering Facts. - 9.3 Freezing and Thawing Indices. - 9.4 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. - 9.4.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. - 9.4.2 Insolation and Thermal Shock. - 9.4.3 Perspective. - 9.5 Chemical Weathering. - 9.5.1 Karkevagge. - 9.5.2 Solution and Karstification. - 9.5.3 Salt Weathering. - 9.6 Cryogenic Weathering. - 9.6.1 Cryogenic Disintegration. - 9.6.2 The Coefficient of Cryogenic Contrast. - 9.6.3 Physico-Chemical Changes. - 9.6.4 Problematic Phenomena. - 9.7 Cryobiological Weathering. - 9.8 Rates of Cold-Climate Bedrock Weathering. - 9.9 Cryosols and Cryopedology. - 9.9.1 Cryosols. - 9.9.2 Classification. - 9.9.3 Cryosolic Micromorphology. - 10 Mass-Wasting Processes and Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.2.1 Solifluction. - 10.2.2 Frost Creep. - 10.2.3 Gelifluction. - 10.2.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. - 10.3 Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.3.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. - 10.3.2 Debris Flows, Slush Flows and Avalanches. - 10.3.3 Rockfall. - 10.4 Snow Hydrology and Slopewash Processes. - 10.4.1 Snow Hydrology and Snowbanks. - 10.4.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. - 10.5 Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.5.1 Frost Heaving. - 10.5.2 Bedrock Heave. - 10.5.3 Upward Heaving of Stones and Objects. - 10.5.4 Stone Tilting. - 10.5.5 Ne

Note: CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. - VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE. - LIVING GLACIERS AND THEIR MOTIONS. - HOW GLACIERS SCOUR THEIR VALLEYS. - STRIATED STONES AND BouLDER CLAY. - SEASONALLY BANDED CLAYS. - METAMORPHOSED GLACIAL DEPOSITS. - PART I THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE. - CHAPTER I PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - GENERAL FEATURES. - THE DRIFT. - EXTENT OF PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION. - DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATE DURING THE ICE AGE. - THE CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET. - THE KEEWATIN ICE SHEET. - THE LABRADOREAN ICE SHEET. - CONDITIONS SOUTH OF THE MAIN ICE SHEETS. - INTERGLACIAL PERIODS IN AMERICA. - TORONTO AND MOOSE RIVER INTERGLACIAL FORMATIONS. - GLACIATION IN GREENLAND. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER II THE ICE AGE IN OTHER REGIONS. - GLACIATION IN ICELAND AND SPITZBERGEN. - GLACIATION OF NORTHERN EUROPE. - THE ICE AGE IN THE ALPS. - THE ICE AGE IN ASIA. - THE ICE AGE IN TROPICAL AND SOUTH TEMPERATE LANDS. - GLACIATION IN ANTARCTICA. - THE SLOPE OF THE SURFACE AND THE THICKNESS OF ICE SHEETS. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER Ill RESULTS OF PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION. - GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. - EFFECTS OF GLACIATION ON LIFE. - PLACES OF REFUGE. - LIFE ON NUNATAKS. - EFFECTS OF ICE SHEETS COMBINED WITH BARRIERS. - ICE SHEETS AND ISOSTASY. - DURATION OF THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE. - REFERENCES. - PART II PRE-PLEISTOCENE ICE AGES. - CHAPTER IV CENOZOIC AND MESOZOIC GLACIATION. - PROBABLE TILLITES IN EUROPE. - EOCENE GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - EOCENE GLACIATION IN ANTARCTICA. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE EOCENE COOLING. - MESOZOIC GLACIATION IN CENTRAL AFRICA. - JURASSIC TILLITES IN NORTH AMERICA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER V LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION. - INTRODUCTION. - PERMIAN AND CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN EUROPE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VI PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN INDIA. - THE TALCHIRS. - THE SALT RANGE TILLITES. - A VISIT TO THE TALCHlRS. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS DEPOSITS IN OTHER PARTS OF ASIA. - EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE ASIATIC GLACIATION. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE INDIAN GLACIATION. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VII PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN AFRICA. - INTRODUCTION. - DWYKA TILLITE IN SOUTHERN CAPE COLONY. - THE DWYKA IN NATAL. - THE DWYKA IN TRANSVAAL. - GLACIAL FEATURES NEAR KIMBERLEY. - EXTENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN GLACIATION. - EFFECTS OF GLACIATION ON THE LIFE OF SOUTH AFRICA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VIII LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION IN AUSTRALIA. - GENERAL FEATURES. - A GLIMPSE OF THE AUSTRALIAN GLACIAL BEDS. - SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION IN AUSTRALIA. - EFFECTS OF THE GLACIATION ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN NEW ZEALAND. - POSSIBLE GLACIATION IN THE MALAY STATES. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER IX PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN SOUTH AMERICA. - INTRODUCTION. - GLACIAL BEDS IN SÃO PAULO, SOUTHERN BRAZIL. - TILLITES IN STATES SOUTHWEST OF SÃO PAULO. - SUGGESTION OF TILLITE IN URUGUAY. - GLACIATION IN SOUTHEASTERN ARGENTINA. - TILLITES NEAR SAN JUAN IN WESTERN ARGENTINA. - GLACIAL CONGLOMERATES IN BOLIVIA. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. - AREA AND GENERAL FEATURES OF GLACIATION IN SOUTH AMERICA. - RELATIONS OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA TO GLACIATION. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER X PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - BOULDER CONGLOMERATES IN NOVA SCOTIA. - A POSSIBLE PERMIAN MORAINE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. - THE SQUANTUM TILLITE. - ALASKAN PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS TILLITES. - OTHER POSSIBLE PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS TILLITES. - CORRELATION OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIAL DEPOSITS. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC ICE AGE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XI MIDDLE AND EARLY PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION. - DEVONIAN GLACIATION. - SILURIAN GLACIATION. - ORDOVICIAN GLACIATION IN EUROPE. - THE LIMESTONE CONGLOMERATE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XII GLACIATION AT OR JUST BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE CAMBRIAN. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN EUROFE. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN BOULDER CONGLOMERATES IN NORTH AMERICA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN GLACIATION IN ASIA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN SOUTH AFRICA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN AUSTRALIA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XIII GLACIATION IN HURONIAN AND EARLIER TIMES. - HURONIAN TILLITES. - OTHER TILLITES WHICH MAY BE HURONIAN. - TIMISKAMIAN OR SUDBURIAN BOULDER CONGLOMERATES. - SEASONAL BANDING IN TIMISKAMIAN OR SUDBURIAN ROCKS. - THE DORÉ CONGLOMERATE. - THE DARWAR BOULDER CONGLOMERATE OF INDIA. - CONCLUSIONS. - REFERENCES. - PART Ill CAUSES OF GLACIATION. - INTRODUCTION. - FEATURES THAT HAVE TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR. - TYPES OF THEORIES PROPOSED TO ACCOUNT FOR ICE AGES. - CHAPTER XIV GEOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ICE AGES. - THE SUPPOSED COOLING OF THE EARTH. - THEORIES CONNECTED WITH CHANGES OF LEVEL. - THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION. - THE SUPPOSED DRIFT OF CONTINENTS. - CHANGES IN OCEAN CURRENTS. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XV ATMOSPHERIC AND ASTRONOMIC THEORIES. - ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AS CAUSES OF GLACIATION. - EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE. - EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC DUST. - CROLL'S THEORY OF CHANGES OF EXCENTRICITY IN THE EARTH'S ORBIT. - DRAYSON'S THEORY OF CHANGES OF ANGLE OF THE EARTH'S TO THE ECLIPTIC. - SHIFTING OF THE EARTH'S AXIS. - CHANGES IN THE RADIATION OF THE SUN. - CHANGES IN THE TEMPERATURE OF SPACE. - CONCLUSIONS. - REFERENCES. - INDEX TO AUTHORS. - GENERAL INDEX.

Note: Contents: 1. Problemstellung und Grundlagen ; 2. Ideengeschichtliche Grundlagen und zweifelhafte (Standard-)Einwände gegen Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen ; 3. Friktionen der Anwendungsebene: Kosten und Nutzen, Diskontierung; Unsicherheit, Faktenbasis ; 4. Kollision der Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse mit Grundprinzipien liberal-demokratischer Ordnungen und dem Geltungsanspruch des Rechts ; 5. Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ohne überzeugende theoretische Basis ; 6. Bleibende Relevanz von Kosten-Nutzen-Elementen in Abwägungen

Note: Contents: Part 1: Crisis ; 1 The new anxieties ; Part 2: Restoring Ethics ; 2 The foundations of morality: from the selfish gene to the ethical group ; 3 The ethicla state ; 4 The ethical firm ; 5 The ethical family ; 6 The ethical world ; Part 3: Restoring the Inclusive Society ; 7 The geographic divide: booming metropolis, broken cities ; 8 The class divide: having it all, falling apart ; 9 The global divide: winners, and the left behind ; Part 4: Restoring Inclusive Politics ; 10 Breaking the extremes

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Note: INHALT: EDITORIAL. - Auf den Spuren des Wandels: Forschung an den Brennpunkten unseres Planeten. - SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA. - Hotspot Arktis – wenn das Eis verschwindet. - OZEANOGRAPHIE. - E-Mails vom Filchner-Schelfeis. - MEEREISVORHERSAGE. - Wenn zwei sich „streiten“. - KLIMAMODELLIERUNG. - Stets die richtige Maschenweite. - HYDROAKUSTIK. - Der Sound des Ozeans. - OZEANOGRAPHIE. - Der Wärme-Pulsschlag des Nordatlantiks. - OZEANOGRAPHIE. - Wohin wandert der Rieseneisberg vom Larsen C-Schelfeis?. - ATMOSPHÄRENFORSCHUNG. - Per Anhalter in die Arktis. - KLIMAMODELLIERUNG. - Die Stärken des Rechnens. - FERNERKUNDUNG. - Die Lücken im Blick. - ATMOSPHÄRENFORSCHUNG. - Die Ozon-Story. - MEEREISPHYSIK. - Messungen aus der Vogelperspektive. - FORSCHUNGSVERBUND. - Den Klimawandel vor der Haustür verstehen. - INFOGRAFIK. - Einblicke in das Klima der Vergangenheit. - MEERESSPIEGELANSTIEG. - Eis weg - Land unter!. - IMPRESSUM.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature General background The problem Method of solution Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Evaluation of rn's in equation 25

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test material and test specimens Test material Required dimensions for test specimens Acquisition and preparation of specimens Field core sampling Specimen preparation in the laboratory Application of forces and displacements to uniaxial specimens Compression Tension Squareness imperfections Loading devices Universal testing machine Gas actuator for constant load Weight-and-pulley system for constant tension Equipment for triaxial tests Measurement of force and displacement Force Displacement Readouts and recorders Literature cited Appendix A: Phenolic-resin end caps Appendix B: Compliant platens Appendix C: Theoretical factor for converting overall strain to gauge-length strain indumbbell specimens Appci dix D: Items developed but not used in Phase I Appendix E: Use of the Brazil test

Note: Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction ; Part I The Bases for the Analyses ; Chapter 2. The unknown influence of democratic qualities on climate performance ; Chapter 3. The concept and the operationalization of democratic efficacy ; Part II. An Empirical Analysis of the Democracy-Climate Nexus ; Chapter 4. Analysis I: more leads to more –positive statistical trends ; Chapter 5. Analysis II: Canada’s Kyoto Protocol process, 1995-2012 - a case study perspective ; Chapter 6. 1995-1997: Chrétien makes use of the prerogative ; Chapter 7. 1998-2002: futile consultations ; Chapter 8. 2003-2005: undemocratic unpredictability ; Chapter 9. 2006-2012: democratic weakening and climate change as a shield issue ; Chapter 10. Discussion analysis II: linkages between democratic quality and climate performance ; Part III. Synergy ; Chapter 11. Overall discussion ; Chapter 12. Conclusion