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  • Springer  (133)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the marginal ruffles of an established fibroblast-like cell line (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Marginal ruffles ; Fibroblast-like cells ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LW13K2 cells, a clone of a spontaneously in vitro transformed derivative of embryonic Lewis rat fibroblastic cells, were studied by phase contrast cine-light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ruffles found at the advancing edge of cells grown on glass substrates in vitro form and recede in a period of less than one min if they do not make an attachment of the substrate. If they fail to make an attachment they may form pinocytotic channels near the leading edge as described by Price (1972) and/or collapse, generally backwards, towards the cell body. The ‘spines’ which appear to reinforce the membranous ruffles are the last structures to disappear, and accumulate in an irregular array behind the ruffling edge; this area is behind that in which pinocytosis occurs. In comparison with the sparse numbers of ribosomes found in the trailing edge, they are present in notable concentrations near the leading, ruffling edge of the cell. No membrane vesicles have been found in or near the ruffling edges at the ruffle-spine concentration zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219798
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The outer segments of photoreceptive pinealocytes in the pineal organ of the funa, Carassius gibelio langsdorfi (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Carassius gibelio langsdorfi (Teleostei) ; Photoreceptive cell ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The form and size of the outer segments of photoreceptive pinealocytes in the pineal organ of the funa, Carassius gibelio langsdorfi, were observed with the scanning electron microscope. The height of the outer segments measures between 1 and 3 μm and the diameter varies widely from 1.5 to 8 μm. Various forms of outer segments, i.e. a slender type, a dome-like type, a cap-like type and a helical type, were demonstrated. The parallel-oriented filamentous processes of the inner segments have the same length as the outer segments and a diameter of approximately 100 nm; they are projections from the apical border of the inner segment and surround the cone-like outer segments. The processes make a right angle with the lamellar disks. The distance between two processes averages 100 nm. The lamellar disks of the outer segments are oriented at right angles to the modified cilium in the basal part, but the angle often changes in the peripheral part, where the lamellar disks are raised and become parallel to the cilium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225535
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fenestration of the epithelium lining the roof of the fourth cerebral ventricle in amphibia (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral ventricles ; Ependyma ; Pores ; Subarachnoid space ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Amphibia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy of the caudal end of the roof of the fourth cerebral ventricle in four amphibian species shows that numerous pores occur between the ependymal cells. These pores have diameters ranging from 5–100 μm; they permit bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid out of the ventricular system into the subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234840
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface fine structure of the subfornical organ in the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 389-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subfornical organ ; Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface ultrastructure of the subfornical organ (SFO) was investigated in the Japanese quail. The SFO consists of a body and a stalk. The body of the SFO can be divided into rostral and caudal parts. On the rostral part, each ependymal cell possesses a short central solitary cilium; clustered cilia are also occasionally seen. Microvilli are abundant. On the caudal part, cells with a solitary cilium are fewer in number, and clustered cilia are rarely found. Microvilli are not as abundant as on the rostral part. In addition, large bulbous protrusions, tufts of small protrusions, deep funnel-shaped hollows, small pinocytotic invaginations and possible cerebrospinal fluid-contacting axons are sporadically observed on the surface of various regions of the body. Each ependymal cell of the stalk has a wide apical surface. A central solitary cilium, microvilli and other structures are observed more rarely on the stalk than on the body, while clustered cilia are not seen on the stalk. These structures are compared with those of the mammalian SFO and further discussed in relation to the possible dipsogenic receptor function for angiotensin II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219804
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epidermis and sensory organs of Dugesia tigrina (Turbellaria: Tricladida) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Planarian ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Epidermis ; Sense organs ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epidermis of D. tigrina was examined using the scanning electron microscope. Both dorsal and ventral surfaces are extremely irregular in contour, as well as being permeated by large numbers of pores. Cilia are restricted to the ventral surface, the auricles and that part of the dorsum adjacent to the auricles. Club-shaped receptors, as well as cilia, were seen in the auricles. The epidermis anteriad to the eyespots is indistinguishable from that covering the remainder of the dorsal surface. Light rays could not enter the eyespot through this rough epidermal surface without becoming diffracted in an irregular fashion. It was therefore concluded that visual image perception is not a function of the planarian eyespot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221599
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rat pituitary cleft: A correlated study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Rathke's cleft ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary SEM reveals that the inner surface of the pituitary cleft is lined by a continuous layer of marginal cells possessing microvillous and ciliated apical surfaces. The ciliated cells are more numerous on the posterior side (toward the pars intermedia) than on the anterior side of the cleft (toward the pars distalis). In contrast small infoldings (crypts) were occasionally noted only on the marginal layer covering the distal part of the hypophysis. In some areas of the cleft the surface features of the marginal cells are rather similar to the epithelial cells populating the upper parts of the respiratory tract in their topography and distribution. In other regions they also show striking similarities with the ependymal cells (tanycytes) lining the lateral recesses of the 3rd ventricle and the infundibular process with which the pituitary cleft has a very close topographical relationship. The parenchymal cells of the pars distalis are closely related to the flattened marginal cells of the cleft. The intercellular spaces of the pars distalis form a three-dimensional labyrinthic series of cavities continuous with the submarginal spaces of the cleft. Further SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the majority of the microvillous marginal cells lining both sides of the cleft possess surface features such as bulbous protrusions, laminar evaginations and large cytoplasmatic vacuoles, which are very likely the expression of an active transport of fluids. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the fluid-like material (colloid) present in the pituitary cleft is mainly derived from the fluids contained in the lacunar spaces of the pars distalis. Thus, marginal cells by absorbing fluids from the cleft by active endocytosis, may transport to the pars intermedia material (or hormones) produced in the distal part of the gland and vice versa. The cilia present on many marginal cells, based on their 9+2 tubular pattern, possess a kynetic role. This is very similar to that shown by the ciliated cells of the ependyma lining the brain ventricles. The occurrence of ciliated cells within the pituitary parenchyma (mainly in the follicles) suggests that they probably arise from the ciliated cells populating the marginal layer of the cleft and with which the parenchyma cells are closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233528
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bovine olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 503-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cryo-ultramicrotomy ; High-voltage electron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Olfactory epithelium ; Respiratory epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary High-voltage transmission electron microscopy and cryo-ultramicrotomy together with scanning electron microscopy and some conventional transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections have been applied to the mucous surfaces of bovine olfactory and respiratory epithelia. Distal segments of olfactory cilia tend to run in parallel and could be followed over distances up to about 30 μm using high-voltage electron microscopy. This technique and scanning electron microscopy showed that on average 12–13 of such cilia could be observed per nerve ending. After correction for obscured cilia this number becomes about 17. High-voltage micrographs and micrographs made from sections prepared with a cryo-ultramicrotome showed the presence of electron-lucent pockets inside the olfactory mucus. The latter technique also showed that the mucus itself is not fibrous, but rather a continuum varying in electron density. The mucus layer contains various granular structures. Ciliary and microvillar membranes appear thicker with cryo-ultramicrotomy than when the sections are prepared with conventional techniques. The cores of the axonemal microtubules in olfactory as well as in respiratory cilia are darkly stained with this technique. Vesicles present inside the nerve endings are also darkly stained. Dimensions and some other numerical values of interest in olfaction are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225347
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of ciliated peritoneal funnels in the toad kidney (Bufo marinus) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 599-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated peritoneal funnels ; Toad ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy revealed 600–800 ciliated peritoneal funnels opening onto the ventral surface of each kidney in Bufo marinus. The size and configuration of funnel apertures vary greatly, but individual funnels do not appear to change their dimensions. The peritoneal funnels course beneath the kidney surface before opening into peritubular blood vessels. Injections of India ink into the peritoneal cavity demonstrate that cilia lining the peritoneal funnels create a current carrying peritoneal fluid into the renal vasculature. Clearance of fluid by the funnels was dependent on pressure in the peritubular vessels, and was increased by arginine vasotocin. Ciliated peritoneal funnels may provide an important route for return of lymphatic fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219367
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
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    Three dimensional organization of mammalian adrenal cortex (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 23-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Mammals ; Three-dimensional organization ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenal cortex of different mammals was studied by SEM in order to demonstrate its actual three-dimensional organization. In the rat, as well as in the cat and pig, the adrenal cortex appeared as a “tunnelled continuum” of polyhedral cells arranged in plate-like structures (laminae). This laminar arrangement was more evident in the inner fasciculate and reticular zones where the cortex revealed a striking similarity to liver tissue. The polyhedral cells of all cortical zones possessed regular facets populated by small pits, larger invaginations and numerous microvilli with the exception of very short and smooth areas probably corresponding to attachment zones and/or gap junctions. This cellular architecture produced a labyrinthic system of intercellular channels or lacunae in which the capillaries were suspended. The pericapillary areas of this labyrinth contained microvilli, amorphous material, a delicate net of fibrils and occasional cells. The intercellular compartment of this lacunar system was mainly bordered by numerous microvilli arising from endocrine cells. The luminal surface of the capillary wall showed not only irregularly protruding margins (interpretable as endothelial junctions) but also clearly overlapping and flattened endothelial extensions. In all the animals and areas of the adrenal cortex examined, the endothelial wall was provided with abundant clusters of small fenestrations (about 50 nm in diameter) generally arranged in sieve plates. Larger fenestrations were noted mainly in the fasciculate and reticular zones of the cat and pig and occasionally in the rat. A final point related to the nature and significance of sinusoidal fenestrations was the occurrence of irregularly shaped and intracapillary located cells mainly noted in the deeper zones of the fasciculate and reticular zones of the gland. These elements — possessing the surface characteristics of macrophages — were observed, with their irregular and slender evaginations, in close proximity to the large fenestrations in a manner reminiscent of Kupffer cells within the lumen of liver sinusoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236346
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  • 110
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    Scanning electron microscopic study of spermatozoa from gossypol-treated rats (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 659-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gossypol ; Spermatozoa ; Contraception ; Cytoplasmic droplet ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of gossypol-treated rats exhibit distinctive departures from the morphology of spermatozoa from control rats: wrinkled and disorganized cell membrane in the head and tail regions, cell membrane missing from segments of the tail midpiece and principal piece regions, malformed heads, decapitate spermatozoa, retention of a cytoplasmic droplet at variable loci along tail midpieces, and looped tails. The observations suggest that gossypol exerts its contraceptive effect during spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis, including the posttesticular development and maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210003
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  • 111
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    Vascularization of the pars intermedia of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, pars intermedia ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascularization of the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) was studied by injection of a mixture of India-ink and gelatine into the circulatory system of the head via the arteria carotis communis. Further methyl-methacrylate corrosion casts of brains were made and the hypophysial region of the corrosion casts was examined with the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the vascularization of the pars intermedia of the toad hypophysis consists of a single-layered vascular network, which is located on the ventral surface of the pars intermedia. The network is formed by capillaries, which primarily run caudally in a fan-like manner and which show only a few cross-connections. In the rostral region of the pars intermedia this network lies rather superficially, while in the caudal region it slightly penetrates the parenchyma. The vascular network originates from vessels of the neural stalk and from wide capillaries of the rostro-ventral region of the neurointermediate junction. The venous drainage of the pars intermedia is exerted by veins, which leave the caudal region and drain into the veins leaving the venous pole of the pars distalis. The fiat, wide meshed vascular net on the ventral side of the pars intermedia, demonstrated in this study, fits into the concept that the pars intermedia of the anuran hypophysis is under the control of nerve fibers coming from the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278460
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  • 112
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    Electronic Resource
    The human vocal cord surface (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vocal cord epithelium (Human) ; Microridges ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of the vocal cord from children and adults is analysed with SEM and TEM. Scanning micrographs show that the apical cell membrane is furnished with microvilli and microridges of various patterns. The function of microridges is discussed in relation to the distribution and retention of mucus on the vocal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220671
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  • 113
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    Some morphological observations on osteoclasts (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Resorption ; Bone ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts of the peripheral portions of the endocranial aspect of young rat parietal and frontal bones were studied by scanning electron microscopy of glutaraldehyde fixed, critical point dried specimens. These studies show Osteoclasts to have a much more complicated form than has previously been realised. Extensively branching, elongated, smooth-surfaced cells, which are for the most part elevated above the level of the surrounding bone matrix surface and sometimes above portions of osteoblasts or other osteoclasts, were identified as motile non-resorbing cells. Portions of the former and other entire cells may be embowered in Howship's lacunae, have microvilli on their dorsal surface, and are surrounded by a serrated border of microprojections which have an apparently firm attachment to the matrix surface. Osteoclasts in short term culture show additional free surface ruffles which are not encountered in specimens taken fresh from the animal. No evidence of recruitment of osteoblasts or osteocytes into osteoclasts was found. Disinterred osteocytes retained an ability to migrate from their lacunae on to surrounding bone matrix surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220298
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
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    Ultrastructural alterations in ciliary cells exposed to ionizing radiation (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 421-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated cells ; Trachea ; Radiation effects ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early effects of ionizing radiation were investigated in an experimental in vitro system using the ciliary cells of the tracheal mucous membrane of the rabbit, irradiated at 30° C and at more than 90% humidity. The changes in physiological activities of the ciliary cells caused by irradiation were continuously registered during the irradiation. The specimens were examined immediately after irradiation electron microscopically. The morphological changes in irradiated material after 10–70 Gy are compared with normal material. After 40–70 Gy, scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of vesicles on cilia, and club-like protrusions and adhesion of their tips. After 30–70 Gy, a swelling of mitochondrial membranes and cristae was apparent transmission electron microscopically. The membrane alterations caused by irradiation are assumed to disturb the permeability and flow of ATP from the mitochondria, which in turn leads to the recorded changes in the activity of the ciliated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220165
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  • 115
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    The vascularization of the neural stalk and the pars nervosa of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (amphibia, anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, neural stalk, pars nervosa ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The angioarchitecture of the neural stalk and the encephalo-posthypophysial portal system of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.), was studied using three different methods. The neural stalk is mainly supplied by branches of the arteria infundibularis superficialis which form a widemeshed vascular network. Dorsally this network continues into the plexus of the pars nervosa. The vascularization of the pars nervosa is made up of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal system. This portal system consists of a hypothalamic branch (=portion), a mesencephalic and a mesencephalic-bulbar branch (=portion). The hypothalamic branch was found to drain the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum as well as more dorsal regions of the diencephalon. The mesencephalic-bulbar trunk enters the hypothalamic branch. The resulting common stem of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal vein then curves around the retroinfundibular communicating artery, crosses its ventral side and runs caudally. The secondary capillary plexus of the pars nervosa is characterized by well defined capillary networks which are located at the periphery of the parenchyma of the pars nervosa, thus forming a rostral, dorsal and ventro-caudal net. The central region of the parenchyma of the pars nervosa is supplied only by main branches of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal vein. The venous drainage of the pars nervosa is via the vena hypophysea transversa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220166
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  • 116
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    Scanning electron microscopy of the ventricular surface of the paraventricular organ in the domestic fowl (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 197 (1979), S. 539-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventricular surface ; Paraventricular organ ; Domestic fowl ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventricular surface of the paraventricular organ in the domestic fowl is covered with supraependymal fiber elements. These fibers form a dense network having a web-like appearance and a coarse network of fibers running over the ventricular surface. The dense, web-like networks are mainly distributed throughout the caudal region of this organ, whereas the coarse networks are observed in the rostral region. In addition to these structures, spherical bodies with diameters approximately 2.5 to 6 μm are also encountered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233576
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  • 117
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    Phospholipid composition of liver mitochondria in experimental hemorrhagic shock (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 124 (1997), S. 658-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: phospholipids ; mitochondria ; liver ; hemorrhagic shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heparin used as an anticoagulant in modeled hemorrhagic shock decreases the phosphatidylcholine and increases the phosphatidylethanolamine contents in the mitochondria. Accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in whole mitochondria and their inner membrane is observed in hemorrhagic shock. At the same time, hemorrhagic shock decreases phosphatidylcholine content in the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and increases phosphatidylethanolamine content in the outer membranes. Modification of phospholipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is a mechanism responsible for impaired energy production in liver mitochondria in hemorrhagic shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02445054
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  • 118
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    Ultrastructural analysis of the adrenal cortex in rats after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 583-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: vagotomy ; lipid droplets ; mitochondria ; adrenocorticocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron-microscopic investigation of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex in rats showed that 7 days after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy the perinuclear space of the adrenocorticocytes and endothelial cells is widened, the tubules of the smooth cytoplasmic reticulum are dilated, the mitochondria edematous, their cristae reduced, and the number and size of the lipid droplets diminished. After 45 days some mitochondria were starting to undergo myelinization, lipid droplets were aggregating, and electron-translucent vacuoles appeared in them. Vagotomy depresses the function of the adrenocorticocytes of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807515
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  • 119
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    Changes in the ultrastructure of the rat myocardium following adaptation for 12 months to high altitudes (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1049-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: high mountain altitude ; hypertrophy of the myocardium ; mitochondria ; succinate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The myocardium of the right and left ventricles of rats during adaptation for 12 months to high altitudes (3200 m above sea level) was studied. During the animals' long stay in the mountains hypertrophy mainly of the right and partly of the left ventricles developed. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of individual organelles, especially mitochondria, were found in most cardiomyocytes of both ventricles. In animals adapted to high altitudes succinate dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria was higher than in the control. The results are evidence of intensification of intracellular metabolism, reflecting compensatory and adaptive responses of the organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00798544
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  • 120
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    Mechanism of disturbances of energy formation in acute ischemia of the liver (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1274-1276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; ischemic toxin ; ischemia of the liver ; cytochrome c ; dithiothreitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Respiration of rat liver mitochondria after the addition of ischemic toxin to the incubation medium was compared with respiration of mitochondria isolated from ischemic rat liver. The changes in respiration in both cases could be prevented by preliminary addition of dithiothreitol and reduced by subsequent addition of cytochrome c or dithiothreitol to the incubation medium. The similarity between the mechanisms of disturbance of energy formation is postulated.
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    Action of antioxidants and chelating agents on thyroxine-induced swelling of mitochondria (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1422-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; thyroxine ; phospholipase ; calcium ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rate of swelling of rat liver mitochondria in the presence of thyroxine depended only a little on the cationic composition of the medium (KCl, NaCl, or choline chloride), which suggests an unselective increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability for cations in the presence of thyroxine. The antioxidant α-tocopherol and β-ionol, in concentrations completely suppressing peroxidation of lipids, did not affect thyroxine-induced swelling of the mitochondria, which is thus not connected with lipid peroxidation. The kinetics of swelling and its inhibition by the Ca-chelating agent EGTA are evidence that Ca2+ is essential for induction of this process. Thyroxine swelling of mitochondria is evidently based on activation of membrane phospholipase in these organelles.
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    Role of hydrolysis of membrane lipids of mitochrondria in their thyroxine-induced swelling (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1585-1587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; thyroxine ; phospholipase ; fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Swelling of mitochondria induced by thyroxine is accompanied by the accumulation of free fatty acids in the organelles; the level of these acids returns to its initial value during contraction of the mitochrondria in the presence of ATP. EDTA also causes contraction of the mitochondria, but without any corresponding utilization of fatty acids. Thyroxine-induced swelling of mitochondria is evidently due to activation of membrane phospholipase A2 and to an increase in permeability of the membranes to cations as a result of hydrolysis of phospholipids.
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    Action of a cytotoxin from the venom of a central asiatic cobra on rat liver mitochondrial function (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: cytotoxin ; mitochondria ; oxidative phosphorylation ; permeability ; rat liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of various concentrations of cytotoxin (C), free from contamination with phospholipase A, on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria and their “ghosts” and also on the permeability of their internal membranes for various ions was studied. Low concentrations of C (10–25 μM) do not affect functional parameters of intact mitochondria but increase the permeability of the internal membranes for monovalent ions sharply. The uncoupling action of C on mitochondrial “ghosts” is evidently due to the formation of nonspecific “channels” of conductance in the membrane with low selectivity for size and charge of the ion.
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  • 124
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    Effect of choleragen on structure and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated mitochondria in epithelium of rabbit small intestine (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 276-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; structure ; oxidative phosphorylation ; intestine ; choleragen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mitochondrial fraction was isolated from the epithelium of the rabbit small intestine by differential centrifugation in isotonic sucrose. When a malate-glutamate mixture was used as the substrate the respiratory quotient of these mitochondria was 3–5. Changes in the functional state of the mitochondria were accompanied by stereotyped structural changes of configuration of the “orthodox-condense” type. Addition of unpurified choleragen to the incubation medium of the mitochondria caused no change in the rate of oxygen utilization in Chance's third or fourth state.
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    Role of carbohydrate-protein complexes in the organization of the microstructure of fibrous connective tissue (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1663-1665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; connective tissue ; collagen fiber ; protorysin ; trypsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Samples of tendon and fascia, treated with enzymes possessing amylolytic and proteolytic activity (protorysin, trypsin) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Destruction of carbohydrate-protein complexes leads to disappearance of the characteristic morphological features of the collagen fibers. Construction of the collagen fiber was shown to be based on a network of thin anastomosing fibrils, forming a carcass connected with the carbohydrate-protein matrix. It is argued that the reticular structure is a general principle in the structural organization of fibrous connective tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00801834
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  • 126
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    Activation of liver mitochondrial phospholipase in hyperthyroid rabbits (1981)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 91 (1981), S. 142-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: thyroid hormones ; mitochondria ; phospholipase ; free fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00835389
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    Tissue-specific regulation of oxdative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria by soluble phase of liver cells (1981)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 91 (1981), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; uncouplers ; organization of tissue metabolism ; soluble phase of cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839362
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    Changes in myocardial ultrastructure of the perfused rabbit heart in hypoxia (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1441-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: isolated heart ; mitochondria ; hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808216
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    Differences in the action of typical and atypical tranquilizers on mitochondrial structure and function during emotional-painful stress (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 97 (1984), S. 708-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: tranquilizers ; mitochondria ; stress ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00804149
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    Intracellular Ca++ transport in the myocardium of dogs with experimental informational neurosis (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 867-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: informational neurosis ; myocardium ; calcium transport ; fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806289
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    Effect of temperaturein vivo andin vitro on oxidation and phosphorylation in albino rat myocardial mitochondria (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1054-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; temperature ; oxidation ; phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01262460
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    High sensitivity of mitochonrdia in the rat small intestinal mucosa to adrenalin (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1185-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; small intestinal mucosa ; oxidative phosphorylation ; calcium capacity ; adrenalin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00804291
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    Action of thyroxine on peroxidation of lipids in mitochondrial membranes (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 660-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: thyroxine ; chemiluminescence ; peroxidation ; antioxidant ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a concentration higher than 5·10−7 M thyroxine delayed the development of chemiluminescence and reduced the rate of rise of the slow flash. The antioxidative activity of thyroxine was only a little less than the activity of the classical antioxidant α-tocopherol. In lower concentrations (of the order of 1·10−8 M) thyroxine had a peroxidant action, which was most marked in the case of intact mitochondria incubated in phosphate medium in the presence of Mg2+ ions and was weaker in mitochondria treated with Ca2+ ions in hypotonic medium.
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    Changes in some lipid peroxidation parameters of albino rat liver mitochondria during anoxic injury simulatedin vitro (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1492-1495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: anoxia ; mitochondria ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidative activity ; chemiluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00800011
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    Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis: Characterization and use of pet mutants to clone the nuclear gene coding for subunit V of yeast cytochrome c oxidase (1984)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 24 (1984), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cytochrome oxidase ; subunit V ; nuclear genes ; assembly ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; pet mutants ; mitochondria ; biogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A nuclear pet mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is defective in the structural gene for subunit V of cytochrome c oxidase has been identified and used to clone the subunit V gene (COX5) by complementation. This mutant, E4-238 [24], and its revertant, JM110, produce variant forms of subunit V. In comparison to the wild-type polypeptide (Mr = 12,500), the polypeptides from E4-238 and JM110 have apparent molecular weights of 9,500 and 13,500, respectively. These mutations directly alter the subunit V structural gene rather than a gene required for posttranslational processing or modification of subunit V because they are cis-acting in diploid cells; that is, both parental forms of subunit V are produced in heteroallelic diploids formed from crosses between the mutant, revertant, and wild type. Several plasmids containing the COX5 gene were isolated by transformation of JM28, a derivative of E4-238, with DNA from a yeast nuclear DNA library in the vector YEp13. One plasmid, YEp13-511, with a DNA insert of 4.8 kilobases, was characterized in detail. It restores respiratory competency and cytochrome oxidase activity in JM28, encodes a new form of subunit V that is functionally assembled into mitochondria, and is capable of selecting mRNA for subunit V. The availability of mutants altered in the structural gene for subunit V (COX5) and of the COX5 gene on a plasmid, together with the demonstration that plasmid-encoded subunit V is able to assemble into a functional holocytochrome c oxidase, enables molecular genetic studies of subunit V assembly into mitochondria and holocytochrome c oxidase.
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    Cyclosporin A and its non-immunosuppressive derivative exhibit a differential effect on cell-mediated mineralization in culture (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 64 (1997), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cyclosporin A ; cell-mediated ; mineralization ; marrow-stroma ; mitochondria ; membrane potential ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Chronic immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) is associated with decreased bone density. However, in culture, CsA inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. This raises the question as to whether CsA also affects osteoblast function. Immunophilin, one of the CsA-binding cyclophilins that is implicated in the immunosuppressive action of CsA via calcineurin, is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI). CsA also binds a mitochondrial membrane PPI which is implicated in controlling permeability transition pores. Therefore, in the present study we tested the effect of CsA on cell mediated mineralization in parallel with mitochondrial rhodamine retention as an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential. Rat marrow stromal cells were grown in dexamethasone (DEX) medium to stimulate mineralization in culture, and CsA was added to various cultures using different treatment schedules. Low dose (0.1 μM) CsA inhibited mineralization, compared to controls, when present in the cultures during days 3-11 of DEX stimulation. Contrarily, high dose CsA (1.0 μM) resisted the inhibitory effect of the low dose. SDZ 220-384 (SDZ), a non-immunosuppressive derivative of CsA which is known, like CsA, to bind to mitochondrial cyclophilin but does not inhibit calcineurin, was also tested. Both high and low doses of SDZ decreased mineralization when present in the cultures from day 3 or from day 0. The similar effect of the low CsA dose and SDZ on mineralization is in accord with their ability to block permeability transition pores. The differential effect, on day 21 mineralization, between high CsA dose and SDZ took place in parallel to their opposing effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. On days 4-8, mitochondrial rhodamine retention was higher under CsA than under SDZ. Under these conditions there was no significant difference between the effects of these drugs on cell proliferation measured on day 11; there was a minor decrease in specific alkaline phosphatase activity by SDZ, too small to explain the extent of mineralization inhibition by SDZ. These results suggest that permeability transition pores might be involved in controlling mineralization. Unlike SDZ, CsA exhibits an additional effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential and on mineralization when applied at a high dose on day 3. Therefore identifying the additional activity of high dose CsA, which is missing in SDZ, may be beneficial. Such activity is expected to resist changes in rhodamine retention and decreased mineralization induced by SDZ, and yet enable preservation of immunosuppressive activity of CsA. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:209-216. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Effects of divalent-cation chelators and chloramphenicol on the spatial relationship of the nuclear envelope to chromatin in micronuclei of chinese hamster cells (1978)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 9 (1978), S. 459-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: nuclear envelope-chromatin relationship ; chromosomes ; micronuclei ; mitochondria ; Colcemid ; EDTA and EGTA ; calcium magnesium ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In the presence of the spindle poison Colcemid in the culture medium to prevent anaphase, approximately 20% of Chinese hamster metaphase cells were converted to micronucleated cells during 7 h. In the micronuclei the chromosomes had become enclosed by a nuclear envelope (NE). In the light-microscope the micronuclei were of two kinds: with either visible chromatids or with decondensed chromosomes. In the electron microscope (EM) the spatial relationship of the NE to the chromatin was of two kinds only in the presence of Colcemid. In about 90% of the micronucleated cells the spatial relationship was normal, ie, the NE was immediately adjacent to the chromatin. In the remaining cells, the NE was distended so that the outer NE was separated from the inner one. In the presence of the drivalent cation chelator, (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or the Ca2+-chelator [ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo)] tetraacetic acid (EGTA), in addition to Colcemid, the amount of cells with micronuclei increased to 40%. The light-microscope appearance was the same as that found in the absence of the chelating agents. However, after Colcemid plus EGTA, EM revealed that only about 50% of the micronucleated cells had NE that was immediately adjacent to the chromatin and about 10% of them had distended outer NE. In the remaining 40% a third kind of spatial relationship was seen: the NE was intact but most of it was not adjacent to the chromatin. Furthermore, this type of micronucleus often contained mitochondria within the confines of NE. Thus, Ca2+ and possibly Mg2+ may regulate the rate of formation of the NE and also its ultrastructural relation to the chromatin. Mitochondrial function also appears to be involved in this relationship. In the presence of chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, in addition to Colcemid, only about 50% of the micronucleated cells exhibited the normal relationship. The outer NE was separated from the inner NE in about 46% of the micronucleated cells and the third kind of NE-chromatin relationship was observed only in 2%. In the case of the third kind of relationship produced by CAP, inclusion of mitochondria within the micronuclei was not observed, in contrast to the finding with EGTA.
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    Studies on rat liver mitochondria:4. Enzyme activities in mitochondria preserved at 0 - 4°C (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 2 (1984), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Liver ; mitochondria ; enzyme activity ; ATPase ; respiratory control coefficient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat liver mitochondria, stored with the energy-linked functions preserved or in aging conditions, were used to assay the activity of various enzymes during five days. The preservation of energy-linked functions was monitored by the respiratory control coefficient. ATPase, cytochrome oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase showed increased activity when the energy-linked functions were preserved. In aging conditions, cytochrome oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase and ATPase showed decreased activity. The ATPase activity increased only when mitochondria were stored in the presence of inhibitors of the electron transport chain. The activity of NADH oxidase did not change, and succinate oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase showed a small decrease in their activity. The enzymes of the matrix, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase showed little decrease in activity under either of the conditions of storage. The total protein content decreased slightly under both conditions of storage. These results show that the activity of the enzymes analysed was maintained at reasonable levels, when the energy-linked functions of isolated mitochondria were preserved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290020113
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    Comparative subcellular fractionation of control and cold-adapted rat brown and white adipose tissue with special reference to peroxisomal and mitochondrial distributions (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 2 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Fats ; adipose tissue ; cold adaptation ; mitochondria ; creatine kinase ; peroxisomes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A new technique for single-step subcellular fractionation of adipose tissue homogenates by analytical sucrose density gradient centrifugation in a vertical pocket reorientating rotor is described. The density gradient distributions of mitochondrial and peroxisomal marker enzymes in brown and white adipose tissue of control and cold exposed rats are compared. The equilibrium density of brown fat mitochondria was found to be significantly increased compared with white fat mitochondria. GDP binding activity was localized solely to the mitochondria in both control and cold-adapted brown adipose tissue. Brown and white fat mitochondria fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation and the specific activities of various enzymes in the homogenate and mitochondrial preparations determined. The specific activity of creatine kinase in brown adipose tissue was found to be ten-fold higher than in white fat and subcellular fractionation studies showed the activity to have an exclusively cytosolic distribution in both tissues. GDP binding activity and some of the mitochondrial enzymes showed, in brown adipose, a striking increase in total activity in cold adapted rats compared to control animals. For some enzyme activities there was a small increase when expressed per mg tissue or per mg mitochondrial protein. When expressed per mg DNA i.e. per cell, there was a reduced specific activity of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzymes in both brown and white adipose tissue on cold adaptation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290020308
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