ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Bücher
  • Artikel  (722)
  • Forschungsdaten
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (722)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (722)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (169)
  • 1975-1979  (553)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1925-1929
  • 2009
  • 1999
  • 1984  (169)
  • 1979  (152)
  • 1978  (144)
  • 1977  (127)
  • 1976  (130)
  • 1925
  • Physik  (722)
Sammlung
  • Bücher
  • Artikel  (722)
  • Forschungsdaten
Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (722)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (169)
  • 1975-1979  (553)
  • +
Jahr
Thema
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 7 (1978), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: An equation has been derived for the computaion of the standard deviation of the results of X-ray micro analysis. The contributions of partial standard deviations of all magnitudes are included. The equation is gernerally applicable to multiple measurements and various methods of measurements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 7 (1978), S. 190-194 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: It is demonstrated that an evalution procedure for conversion X-ray intensity to element concentration used on an existing spectrometer can be used in reverse to provide intensity data for calibrating another spectrometer. Extensive remeasurement o standards is therby eliminated. Intensities are calulated for postulated changes in compostion and these form the input data for the spectrometer computer regression program. Such data are free from measurement error. Calibration and α coefficents from claulated intensities are found to give analytical results of an accuracy comparable with those derived from experimentally produced calibration. The intensity calculations can be extended to include the determination of calibration and α coefficents without using the sepctrometyer regression programs. Considedrable expense and effort can be saved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 7 (1978), S. 217-224 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: For application for the fundamental parameter approach to quantitative chemical analysis of mixtures by X-ray fluorescence, accrate knowledge is required of fluroescence yields and ralative intensities of X-ray lines of the various elements involved. The spread in published data suggests, however, that these parameters are not known with as much accuracy as could be used profitably. In this paper we describe a method by which K-shell flurescence yield and Kα/Kβ intensity ratio can both be measured in the same experiment to within approximately 0.5% for pure elements available as thin polcrystalline foil. Results are given for the particular case of nickel (Z=28) for which we find ωK = 0.452 ± 0.002 and Kα/Kβ=6.91 ± 0.335, but the method is readily applicable to anty element whose atomic number falls in the approximate range 20 ≲ Z ≲ 50 and which can be obtained in suitable physical form. A key factor in the experimental design is use of a non-dispersive (intrinsic germanium) X-ray analyzer; this makes it possible to employ a very simple transmission geometry which can be characterized quite precisely. Experimental conditions, and precautions needed to obtain accurate and consistant results, are described in some detail. Among other corrections applied, allowance is made for scattering of both exciting statistics and residual uncertaintes incalculating corrections for scattering. Among these residual uncertainties are errors in correcting scattering coefficients for anomalous dispersion. Such errors are significant only when evaluating fK, the K-shell excitation efficienvcy; the important product fK ωK can, however, be determined (fKωK = 0.398 ± 0.002) with greater reliability than ωK itself.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 7 (1978), S. 241-248 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The Properties of diffracting crystals a Bragg and of near 45° are studied for use as an X-ray polarizer. Such crystals have many advantages over the Barkla type polarizer when used in an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer. The study shows that many matching λ-d combinations are available, but the present work was done with LiF (200). With this crystal, the second order diffraction of Cu Kβ radiation occurs at 43.67° and an improvement of peak to background ratio by a factor 45 was obtained. The study revealed that a substantial improvement of peak to minimum detection limit can be obtained with a larger deviation of the polarization angle, as long as this deviation is accompanied by a higher X-ray output.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 7 (1978), S. vii 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. v 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 2-6 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A procedure has been developed for extracting net peak intensities from electron-beam-induced energy-dispersive X-ray spectra. The procedure has been implemented in a computer program which requires very modest storage capacity of a minicomputer, yet can be executed in a few seconds to yield net intensities. The program structure is simple. Provided the peak to background ratio is better than ∼5 to 1 the intensities are adequate for correction to quantitative analysis with accuracies comparable with more sophisticated and time-consuming methods. The procedure has been used extensively on a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope to give rapid information from complicated spectra.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 33-41 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: An off-line non-linear least squares fitting procedure is described as part of a program package ‘RUNFIT’. This program supports most of the intensity/correction algorithms currently employed in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The program runs under the Data General DOS operating system and requires a minimum hardware configuration of 32K 16 bit words and two floppy disks. The minimization technique is based on the Marquardt scheme which has the main advantage that the step direction taken in the minimization process always lies in the direction of steepest descent. The RUNFIT program includes various statistical tests on the fitted data which enable the user to make accurate judgements as to the quality of the fitted data. Several examples are given of the use of this approach to typical analytical situations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. vi 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. vii 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 51-51 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 68-72 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: X-ray fluorescence analysis under high vacuum (∼10-6 torr) was applied to the determination of fluorine in slags. Slag samples are converted into glass beads using a fusion method and the fluorescent X-ray intensity of characteristic X-ray F Kα (1.83 nm) is measured to determine fluorine. The calibration curve has excellent linearity and accuracy; σd is 0.18% for 11 kinds of samples involving fluorine of 0.10% to 16.78% (mean: 6.96%).
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 92-94 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A method of elimination of absorption matrix effects in samples of ‘intermediate’ thickness, based on the use of measurements of the intensities of fluorescent X-rays of all determined elements and the intensity of Compton back-scattered radiation, is described. An empirical correction equation proposed in this paper has been checked experimentally using the samples obtained by precipitation of several elements from water solution by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC). The accuracy of determinations of Cr, Fe, Zn and Pb varies from 1 to 18% (1 s.d.) for mass per unit area from 2000 to 60 μg cm-2, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 96-101 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: X-ray fluorescence spectrum excitation theory is now well developed and uses the assumption that the primary X-ray radiation beam is parallel. At the same time, in order to increase intensity it is necessary to keep the radiation source and fluorescence object as close as possible. In so doing the primary radiation divergence is found to be significant, and to ensure high accuracy of the intensity calculations it is necessary to evaluate the influence of this factor.Considerations are carried out for the cases of point, circular and line sources of primary radiation, selective effects being absent.The concept of the effective incidence angle is introduced which makes it possible to calculate X-ray fluorescence intensities by formulae without correction for the primary radiation divergence. Values of the correction coefficients are given which correct for the dependence of the effective angle on chemical composition of the fluorescence material. The value of the effective incidence angle of primary radiation for a circular source is determined and compared with its theoretical value. Statistical treatment of the results shows insignificant differences between the experimental intensities and those calculated with correction for the primary radiation divergence when chemical composition variation of the material analysed is quite large.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 149-158 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Physical surface analysis methods using charged particles on the excitation side can easily be applied to elemental distribution mapping. One common feature of all known methods is that they work on a micron scale, with respect to spatial resolution and investigated sample area. This paper deals with a new approach to the problem of element mapping using X-ray fluorescence radiation. In contrast to the well-known scanning procedures, this method allows the investigation of larger areas (several square centimetres) at lower spatial resolutions (≳ 100 μ). The method applies a mechanical scanning device, a modern energy-dispersive detector and a computer. The scanning unit allows translation and rotation movements of the sample. By generating a line-shaped X-ray beam and translating the sample across the fixed X-ray strip while measuring the intensity of the fluorescence radiation in a specified energy window, one obtains a strip resolution of the species investigated. If many translation measurements are made under different angular orientations of the sample, a computer converts the strip resolutions of the scanning profiles into a point resolution of the specified element. The mathematical background is known in the literature as ‘representation of a function by its line integrals’ or ‘image reconstruction from projections’. Computer simulation studies and experimental results will be discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 200-202 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 190-195 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The demand for comprehensive analysis of materials by XRF using automated instrumentation has led to increasing use of the coefficient approach for dealing with the ever-present interelement effect. A survey of the literature shows that this has often led to a multiplicity of families of calibration curves being replaced by a multiplicity of tables of correction coefficients. A practical approach is outlined which facilitates the recognition of (a) the alpha subset of influence coefficients, and (b) three related subsets of alpha coefficients - basic, modified and hybrid. This mobility of alpha coefficients (alloys, oxides, fusions, solutions) coupled to their adaptability (geometry, primary radiation) and accessibility (theoretical, experimental) has wide implications. It permits a consolidated view of the influence coefficients, and comparison of the sign, magnitude and pattern of basic alphas so as to establish if and when there is consensus. The confirmed alpha coefficients thus obtained can then be transferred with confidence to suit specific operating conditions and methods. Examples are given using data that have appeared in XRF literature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. viii 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 38-43 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A probability method is used to describe the processes of characteristic x-ray fluorescence excitation and absorption in a heterogeneous monolayer of particles. Based on this the analytical dependence of the characteristic x-ray peak intensity on the sizes and shape of particles, and the distribution of elements among the particles is inferred, for two kinds of spectrum excitation. Theoretical evaluations for applying boundaries of the ‘thin’ homogeneous layer model to a heterogeneous monolayer are given. The elements to be determined in unknown compositions are S, Fe and Pb.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. v 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The total cross-sections for ionization of K, L and M shells in various atoms have been calculated using first-order perturbation theory and Hartree-Slater wave functions. For K shells, the hydrogenic wave functions have been used. The systematic changes across the Periodic Table are discussed and the results of a Bethe parametrization are also given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 78-82 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The significance of Auger transitions as spectral components in energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectra is demonstrated. As a summary of fundamental studies on radiative Auger effects the calculation of their energies and relative intensities is demonstrated. These theoretical deductions result in a suitable incorporation in least-squares techniques by coupling the Auger transitions to the corresponding photopeak originating from the same type of primary vacancy as a function of energy. The simplifications involved, and the removal of systematic misinterpretations and of high correlations of model parameters, are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 126-133 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Qualitative microprobe analysis of sodian potassian hydroxonian meta-autunite failed to reveal any sodium, although nearly 3% was present. Potassium, magnesium and calcium were underestimated to a smaller extent in related natural and synthetic structures. The effect is due to the migration of these interlayer cations from the analysed region - almost instantaneously in the case of sodium - and a consequent decrease in count rates, under the influence of the space-charge resulting from the incident electron beam. Experiments with the autunites and with a soda-glass subjected to various coating treatments showed that the effect of charging can be dramatic. Such charging also occurs when alkali metals are not present, a fact which has important implications for all microprobe analyses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 142-145 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In a geochemical exploration project, about 25 000 stream-sediment samples have been analysed. In a new multi-element technique, 36 elements have been determined by a combination of various methods. Optical spectroscopy with are and ICP excitation and wavelength- and energy-dispersive XRFS were used. An XRFS method is presented which allows the analysis of the fraction with particle diameter 〈 0. 18 mm for up to 30 elements with high precision over a large matrix range. The basic idea is to use a large number of reference samples with very different compositions for the calculation of the calibration line.
    Notizen: Im Rahmen des österreichischen Rohstoff-Forschungsprojektes Geochemische Basisuntersuchung von Bach- und Flußsedimenten wurden mehr als 25 000 Proben einer Multielementanalytik auf 36 Elemente unterzogen. Neben optischer Spektroskopie mit Kohlebogen- und induktiv gekoppelter Plasmaanregung gelgangten wellenlangen- und energie-dispersive XRFS zum Einsatz. Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das es ermoglicht, die Analyse der Fraktion mit einem Korndurchmesser 〈0.18 mm auf bis zu 30 Elemente rnit hoher Genauigkeit bei einer breiten Streuung des Matrixbereiches durchzufiihren. Der Grundgedanke dabei ist, eine große Zahl von gut analysierten Referenzproben verschiedenster Zusammensetzung fiir die Eichung heranzuziehen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 44-45 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The dead time of a Philips PW 1410 x-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a photon detector has been calculated employing intensities of first- and second-order reflections. The spread of the values obtained can be considered very satisfactory in the light of the experimental difficulties inherent in this method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 2-6 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The position, shape and the extended fine structure of the cobalt K absorption discontinuity have been studied in the pure metal and in its four chalcogenides, CoO, CoS, CoSe and CoTe, using a forty centimetre diameter bent crystal X-ray spectrograph. It has been found that the discontinuity shifts towards the high energy side in the chalcogenides and that the chemical shift ΔE depends upon the effective ionic charge on the absorbing atom. The fine structure within the main discontinuity is discussed on the basis of band structure and molecular orbital diagram, while the extended fine structure is interpreted on Lytle's theory. The results obtained throw light on the chemical bonding prevalent in these compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: It is shown that the well known hyperbolic equation of a binary system is still operable in the range of grain size effects. In this paper, the evaluating, as well as the handling of grain size parameters, will be greatly simplified, as demonstrated by reduction of published experimental data. A possibility results to differentiate the effects treated here from other sample effects.
    Notizen: Bei geeigneter Wahl der Koeffizienten ist es Möglich, die bekannte hyperbolische Gleichung für die Röntegenspektral-analyse des Zweistoffsystems auch im Gebiet des Korngrößen-einflusses beizubehalten. Damit wird die experimentelle Bestimmung und Handhabung der Korngrößenparameter wesentlich vereinfacht, wie an Hand von Literaturdaten belegt wird; insbesondere ergibt sich ein Weg, den Korngrößeneinfluß von anderen Einflußfaktoren abzutrennen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 13-15 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Thin windows for X-ray spectrometer flow counters can be produced by stretching unorientated polypropylene film. A piece of the stretched film is clamped into a holder and pressed onto a copper ring made from thin copper sheeting. The mounted window is then suspended in a high vacuum coating unit and flashed with aluminium to a thickness of approximately 20 nm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 88-91 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The simple, Wegstein and hyperbolic procedures of iteration are compared and shown to differ only in the ways in which the derivative of the correction factor with respect to concentration are calculated. The simple and hyperbolic methods are demonstrated either to provide slow convergence in certain cases or to lead to wrong values, or even to show divergence. The Wegstein procedure is recommended as being, in general, the fastest and most reliable method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A14 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A17 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A16 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A15 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A15 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 117-117 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The background beneath the fluorescence lines of energy dispersive X-ray spectra obtained with a molybdenam secondary target tube-excited system can be obtained from the intensities of the coherently and incoherently scattered radiation. The background intensity at a particular energy is equal to the product of a proportionality factor multiplied by the incoherently scattered radiation intensity, plus another proportionality factor multiplied by the coherently scattered radiation intensity. The proportionality factors are determined from measurements of a number of molybdenum-loaded cellulose filters.The proposed procedure provides accurate results for the analysis of complex X-ray spectra of thin samples of varying composition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 118-122 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Experiments and a literature survey both show that energy dispersive microprobe analysis of Ni in steel generally gives substantial negative errors. This situation has been related to significantly lower X-ray intensity ratios, k values, from an energy dispersive spectrometer system compared with a conventional wavelength dispersive spectrometer. Lower Fe contents in the specimens have been shown to give decreasing errors, which appear to be independent of the ZAF correction calculations.It is suggested that the systematic error for Ni is caused by the method of background subtraction, which seems to reduce the Ni Kα area. The error can be minimized if peak-height intensities are used and if the background level is measured and subtracted manually.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: An X-ray fluorescence method has been developed to determine the metal concentration in the aqueous and organic phases from solvent extraction processes. The method has been specifically applied to the determination of copper, but can be extended to include other elements which form soluble organic complexes. Accuracy and precision are comparable with that obtainable by the electrogravimetric technique for the analysis of copper in aqueous solution, but are superior to the atomic absorption analysis of copper in organic solution. Rapid analysis is achieved by presenting a diluted sample directly to the spectrometer. Inter-element absorption enhancement effects are corrected by the selection of a suitable internal standard which is added to the diluent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A14 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A16 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 179-179 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 188-193 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Correction for the absorption of the X-rays in aerosol loaded filters can be based on the measurement of the front-to-back intensity ratio. Experimental verification that an accurate and precise absorption correction can be obtained is given. The ‘two-lines’ method based on the accurate measurement of the lead Mα to Lβ intensity ratio in actual samples is used. The distribution of the aerosol in the filter is exponential with a variable gradient.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 52-56 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: During fusion of uncalcined oxide samples there may be a loss of a variable mass of volatile constituents, corresponding with the loss on ignition (LOI). On the other hand, partially reduced samples, such as sinters of iron ores, may contain one or more elements in various states of oxidation related to the gain on ignition in air (GOI). Both phenomena influence the analyte X-ray fluorescence intensities obtained from the fused sample.Full explanations are given along with a rigorous mathematical treatment for a proposed method that has demonstrated its practical value in the past decade. It is based on the de Jongh-Norrish equations in which the mass difference LOI-GOI is treated as one element with the assigned atomic number zero. References are made to practical results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 65-67 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Escape peak losses in Si(Li) detectors for X-rays in the energy range 2.3-14.2 keV are measured and compared with calculations for normal incidence geometry. The importance of the results for multi-elemental X-ray emission analysis is pointed out.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 57-62 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: X-ray fluorescence analysis using an energy dispersive spectrometer system (Ge(Li) or Si(Li) and multichannel analyser) enables quick and simultaneous determination of different elements in a sample. The improvement of the detection limits to nanogram amounts of medium Z elements is achieved by reducing the unwanted background from scattered radiation. This is performed by X-ray total reflection on the plane, polished surface of the sample substrate at angles below the critical angle of total reflection, which is in the region of some milliradians and is measured between incident X-ray beam and surface of the substrate. In the case of X-ray total reflection the effective thickness of the substrate which is equivalent to the penetration depth of the X-rays lies between 40 and 70 nm. Therefore the substrate combines its good mechanical strength, chemical resistance and choice of dimensions with the low background properties of ultrathin foils as sample carrier. A counting interval of 120 s and a required sample volume of 5 μl are standard measuring conditions. Concentrations in the ppm region and absolute nanogram amounts can be detected.
    Notizen: Energiedispersive Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse ermöglicht die rasche und gleichzeitige Bestimmung verschiedener Elemente in einer Probe. Die bei Winkeln von einigen Minuten auftretende Totalreflexion von Röntgenstrahlen an der polierten Oberfläche eines Probenträgers, z.B. Quarzglas, und eine spezielle Geometrie-Primärstrahl-Probe-Detektor wird dazu verwendet, um den durch klassische und Compton-Streuung hervorgerufenen Hintergrund zu senken. Dadurch konnten Nachweisgrenzen für Elemente mittlerer Ordnungszahl im Nanogrammbereich erzielt werden. Tritt Totalreflexion von Röntgenstrahlen auf, so dringen diese nur in einer Tiefe von etwa 40-70 nm in den Probenträger ein und bestimmen dadurch die effektive Dicke. Man verbindet daher mechanische Festigkeit, chemische Widerstandsfähigkeit und beliebige Dimensionierung des Probenträgers mit den für geringen Hintergrund günstigen Eigenschaften extrem dünner Folien. Standardmeßzeiten von 120s und ein Probenvolumen von 5 μl sind ausreichend, um Konzentrationen im ppm Bereich, d.h. Absolutmengen von Nanogramm mit RFA nachzuweisen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 76-78 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The extracted minor phases in superalloys are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry without the use of standards. The calculation in the analysis is simplified by using a monochromatic X-ray source and the fundamental parameter method. The extracts on the microfilter are approximated by thin film on the filter substrate, though the extracts were not homogeneous. This source permits a simple calculation using the thin film model to transform the measured X-ray intensity to mass thickness and mass fraction, since the mass absorption coefficient for the primary beam is easily found in a commercially available table. A great advantage of this method is that the calculations are possible by using a small programmable calculator.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: This paper describes a new approach for deriving a simple relation between mass attenuation coefficient and X-ray energy or wavelength. Parameters of the latter have been adjusted to fit all up-to-date experimental, interpolated and extrapolated data thus providing means for computing a set of tables covering all values of coefficients usually encountered in applied X-ray spectroscopy. The accuracy is generally much better than ±5% with respect to the average of well-established data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 73-75 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A new fundamental parameter method applied to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry is presented. Am-241 and I-125 radioisotope sources were used for excitation. The method is applied to copper-zinc-lead ternary and copper-zinc-lead-tin quaternary alloys and to high-alloy steel specimens. It is also tested using data given in the literature. The measurements and calculations were performed on-line by a program running in a 16K, 12 bit minicomputer interfaced to a multichannel analyser. The results were compared with wet chemical analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 79-84 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A disability of energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzers is the relatively poor resolution of available detectors. Much work has been done in efforts to separate overlapping peaks. It is recognized that the distribution of signals registered in the several channels around a peak is essentially Poisson, but most efforts at deconvolution have been based on Gaussian statistics, probably because of difficulties encountered in the use of the Poisson formula. These difficulties have been overcome, and a simple method for deconvoluting two, three or more overlapping peaks in an EDX spectrum has been developed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. v 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. v 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. vi 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 16-22 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In connection with progress in the creation of differential and so-called differential methods of concentration correction, work has been carried out on the ordering of equations. It has been shown that it is possible to create three principal, complete systems of so-called differential concentration correction equations by (1) using the Claisse method, (2) using the method of function expansion in a Taylor series and (3) using a special method discussed in this paper. These equations can be used instead of the classical concentration correction methods. Moreover, it has been proved that the respective procedures can be used in the creation of expressions which are the analogues of classical intensity correction equations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The methodology of direct hair analysis by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence was studied. The effect on the XRF result of having a non-homogeneous radial distribution of the analyte in a single hair strand and the macroscopic effects in a bundle of hairs were calculated to evaluate possible systematic errors. The detection limits were mapped as a function of the target thickness and surface fraction. It appeared that a 10 mg cm-2 sample thickness, i. e. a target with about four layers of hair strands, is recommended. The standard deviation of this simple direct analytical method is 6-19% for some important elements. Discrepancies with neutron activation analysis had a mean value of around 15%. About twelve elements can be determined simultaneously on a routine basis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 52-54 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The theoretical equations for primary, secondary and tertiary fluorescent x-ray intensities have been given by Shiraiwa and Fujino. However, their derivation is unsatisfactory in some respects. In this paper these problems are discussed and a more correct derivation is given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 23-26 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The problem of a simplified expression for the enhancement term of correction equations in XRF analysis was treated using the example of binaries. Attention was paid to up-to-date propositions of a solution to that problem and new cases of solutions were considered. Some common elements of these solutions were found and on the basis of a fundamental expression of enhancement effects a more general equation is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The performance of an energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) system for the analysis of silicate rocks was investigated in detail. Data are presented to demonstrate the selection of optimum excitation conditions for the major elements (Na-Fe), analysed on glass beads, and the trace elements (particularly the Rb-Nb group) analysed on powder pellets. Limitations in spectrum analysis due to overlap interferences are discussed and have largely been overcome using x-ray profile fitting software. The results show that when operated under optimum excitation conditions, ED-XRF spectrometry can routinely achieve a high degree of accuracy and precision in the analysis of a wide range of major and trace elements in silicate rocks. For many elements, 2s standard deviations are better than 2% relative. Limits of determination for many trace elements are in the range 4-10 ppm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A method for determining the ash content of coal by measuring the x-ray fluorescence of Si, Al, Ca and Fe using a diffraction spectrometer is presented. The experiments were carried out on 72 samples of coal from different deposits. A mean standard deviation of the ash content of about 1. 65% was achieved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 172-179 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: PDIDENT is a collection of interactive computer programs which have been developed as aids for qualitative phase analysis of x-ray powder diffraction data. These FORTRAN IV programs are implemented on a DEC committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) data base is accessed by the programs along with user-created data. The data base (sets 1-32) along with all cross-index files requires 9 Mbytes of storage. The packing of the data base, use of cross-index files and the algorithms and utility of the PDIDENT programs are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 192-194 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A set of experimental observations pertaining to Compton scattering of low-energy x-ray photons by matrices containing very light elements is reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 182-186 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Application of the fundamental parameter method to the determination of film thickness by an EDX technique with a proportional detector was performed by considering that x-rays striking the detector were composed of the following kinds: (1) the analyte line of the film excited directly by the primary beam, (2) the analyte line of the film excited secondarily by scattered or characteristic x-rays from the substrate and (3) scattered and characteristic x-rays from the substrate which passed through the film to be analysed. The intensity of all these types were considered theoretically, and the film thickness was evaluated by fitting the theoretical intensity of the x-rays striking the detector to the experimental intensity, by use of an iteration process. In addition, the accuracy of the theoretical values of intensities excited secondarily was verified by comparison with the experimental values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 148-150 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The usability of glass disks prepared from blast furnace slag samples as a function of age in x-ray emission spectrometry was investigated. Glass disks were prepared by melting sample and flux mixtures (Li2B4O7-Li2CO3-La2O3, 100: 10: 5) in the ratio 1: 100 at 1100°C for 30 min. The glass disks were examined by the ISIJ test. X-ray spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were applied directly after preparation and again after 6, 12 and 18 months. A change in the surface of the glass disk and a decrease in the Ca Kα, Si Kα and S Kα line intensities with time were observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 16-28 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: With the appropriate excitation, a specimen will emit an X-ray spectrum where the characteristic line intensities are strongly dependent on the elemental composition. The measurement of these intensities thus affords a method of accurate quantitative elemental analysis. A digitized record of the spectrum may be obtained using a lithium drifted silicon detector, associated electronics and some storage medium. The recorded data is the original spectrum convoluted by the appropriate instrumental function. This paper describes several procedures which may be applied to this data to obtain accurate estimates of the individual X-ray line intensities, mainly with reference to the spectra obtained by electron excitation of thick specimens. The choice of a particular procedure depends on the quality of the data acquistion system, and the likely systematic errors which have been calculated for illustrative examples with special reference to the effects of drift and resolution changes in the electronics. Background subtraction techniques involving interpolation, extrapolation and filtering are discussed, together with methods for deconvolution of overlapping peaks, in particular least squares regression. A versatile new procedure, iterative stripping, is presented which simultaneously accomplishes background subtraction and peak deconvolution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Eleven international standards [U.S.G.S. Standards. G-2, GSP-1, AGV-1 and BCR-1; C.R.P.G. standards: GA, GH, BR and Mica-Fe; A.N.R.T. standard: DR-N; G.S.J. standards: JG-1 and JB-1] have been analysed by X-ray fluorescence for niobium and yttrium. Coefficients for full matrix effect correction are reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A method for the conversion of X-ray intensities to composition is given. The method is based on the Lachance-Traill equation which uses empirical inter-element correction coefficients. The coefficients are treated as ‘sliding constants’ the values of which depend on the relative concentrations of the analyte and the interfering elements. Values for the coefficients are calculated over wide concentration ranges using the theoretical equations of Sherman. The calculated coefficients are adjusted empirically to achieve high accuracy.Only the measured X-ray intensities from the sample and a single standard are required for an analysis. Final results are obtained by solving a set of simultaneous linear equations. Results of analyses of high alloy steels containing Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Cu, Si, Ti, Cb and Fe are given to illustrate the accuracy of the method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 36-40 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Depth distributions of X-ray production by electrons in the energy range of six to fifteen key have been measured for Si and Cu characteristic X-rays in matrices of Al, Ni, Ag and Au. Corrections from these curves show that the modified Philibert absorption correction predicts the wrong dependence on matrix atomic number at these low electron energies, while the Duncomb and Reed atomic number correction shows too strong a dependence on atomic number. The curves should be valuable for comparison with both theoretical and empirical models for quantitative analysis at low energies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 92-92 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Ammonium acid phthalate crystals are observed to deteriorate in a high vacuum environment and to decrease in reflectivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 104-114 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Spectral distributions of X-rays generated by a General Electric EA 75 Cr/W dual target X-ray tube have been measured using exciting voltages of 20, 30, 40 45 and 50 kV c.p. A carefully characterized and previously described lithium-drifted silicon detector was used and corrections were applied for second order effects in the detection system and for detector efficiency. Relative errors are believed to be of the order of 1% over most of the range covered (4-50 ke V), increasing to about 10% over the lower range of photon energies (2.5-4 ke V). Although the resolution of the detector is limited, it was nevertheless possible by computation to separate groups of characteristic spectral lines from continua and to determine self-absorption jump ratios in these continua. Spectral distributions obtained using chromium and tungsten targets are compared with earlier data of Birks and his collaborators and with the forms of continua predicted by Kulenkampff's equation. Agreement is only fair. The experimental method employed for studying spectral distributions is believed to be the most accurate and reliable now available and is particularly convenient in terms of the rapidity with which distributions can be measured. Further work is required to remove remaining uncertainties concerning the generation of X-rays at thick targets.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A detailed study of the performance of a silicon detector system is reported, with emphasis on the feasibility of using such a system for accurate quantitative analysis of X-ray spectra covering a wide range of photon energies (2.5-50 ke V). Calibration of efficiency, with an accuracy of ± 0.1% over most of this range, is described. Second order effects in the detection system have been characterized quantitatively, including escape peaks, pulses due to Compton recoil electrons, pulses whose energies are reduced because of incomplete charge collection and sum pulses. This information has been used to devise programs that permit accurate correction of spectra as recorded in a multi-channel analyzer. Corrections are made for the following factors in turn; sum pulses, the second order effects enumerated above and detector efficiency. An analysis of the formation and distribution of sum pulses that represent close coincidences not resolved and eliminated by the pulse pile-up rejector is given in an Appendix. Methods are described for removing sum counts, including ‘mixed’ sum counts, from spectra. The removal of these counts reduces the overall count but results in essentially undistorted representations of spectra as they would be recorded in a system having infinitesimal dead-time. Some recommendations are made for improving the design of silicon detectors for quantitative spectral analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A13 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The empirical determination of the correction coefficients makes it possible to include into their values all actual changes in the measuring technique which affect the correction. It is neither necessary nor favourable to use all matrix elements for the correction. Therefore, selection criteria are given which allow arrangement of the matrix elements according to their importance to the correction.The correction strategy is described with the aid of two practical examples: a good agreement is found between theory and practice.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 169-171 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Optimum energy window widths are derived using random counting statistics for use in quantitative energy dispersive analysis over a wide range of peak-to-background ratios. It is shown that a peak energy window width equal to the full width as half maximum gives good results for most practical cases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 172-174 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Analysis of dissolved elements in fresh water at concentrations from parts per billion to the high parts per million range can be carried out using 200-500 ml sampling volumes. Preconcentration using ion-exchange resin-loaded filter papers is automatically and quickly carried out and the prepared and dried filters analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Excitation by a filtered low power tube, subtraction of a blank filter paper spectrum, automatic computer stripping of peak overlaps and removal of spectrum background gives net elemental counts that can be used with linear calibration curves to directly obtain concentration values. The system and approach readily lend themselves to laboratory use as well as unattended operation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 154-168 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The bremsstrahlung spectrum from a thick specimen bombarded with 20 ke V electrons is studied with emphasis on the shape rather than the absolute intensity in the energy range 1-10 keV. Monte Carlo calculations are described in detail and used to compare the absorption corrections for characteristic and continuous (bremsstrahlung) radiation from a thick specimen and to determine the extent to which anisotropy modifies the intensity distribution of the continuum. The absorption corrections are found to differ by roughly 5% for f(χ) = 0.5 and 10% for f(χ) = 0.2, but it is shown that the ratio of the corrections can be predicted by using the ratio of two Philibert-type formulae. Anisotropy has little influence on the absorption correction but changes in atomic number or geometry may result in the intensity distribution being altered by typically 5-10% across the energy range 1-10keV. Numerical integration gives values for the generated brems-strahlung intensity which are used in constructing an expression to represent the functional form of the background. Although experimental spectra confirm this to be superior to the combination of Kramers' law and a characteristic absorption expression, several sources of error at low energies, including bremsstrahlung from the Be window, are pointed out and improvements suggested. In order to eliminate the principal uncertainty, that of the overall efficiency curve for a Si(Li) detector and pulse-processor, it is recommended that a stored spectrum be used as a ‘background standard’ for explicit background corrections. Errors are then reduced to the 0.1% absolute concentration level, which is suitable for quantitative analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 180-187 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Control systems for a Geoscan microprobe based on a minicomputer with a core of 4 K of 16-bit words and for a Japan Electron Optics Laboratory JEOL JXA-50 with a minicomputer having 16 K words are described in general terms. Similar analysis strategies are used in both systems, but the Geoscan software operates on a ‘stand-alone basis’ while that for the JXA-50 is based on a modified version of an Interdata operating system, supporting an interactive program for flexible operator control of the probe. Lower initial cost and less programming effort were involved in the Geoscan control system, but this is balanced in the larger JXA-50 installation by greater flexibility and ease of operation.The integration of non-dispersive X-ray detector systems with microprobe control systems, the suitability of the software operating system for incorporation of such devices and for extension to digital beam scanning and particle area analysis are also briefly considered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 197-199 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Two different methods were used to determine the amount of glass phase in mullite refractory grog. Quantitative X-ray diffractometry with calcium fluoride as an internal standard, was used to determine the amount of the crystalline phases, mullite and α-corundum. The amount of glass phase was calculated as the difference from 100%. The other method used the scanning electron microscope, equipped with an energy-dispersive detector. Samples consisting of polished sections were analysed both in the scanning mode and with the spot situated in the glass phase. The bulk chemical composition and the chemical composition of the glass phase thus found, was used to calculate the amount of glass phase in the samples. Agreement within the estimated uncertainties of the two methods was achieved with three different samples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 194-196 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The dead time (t) of an X-ray counting system may be readily determined to the nearest 0.4 μs by accurately measuring the counting rate per second (R) for any selected wavelength on two specimens, whose R values differ by a factor of approximately 10, at several tube or specimen currents. The R of the most intense specimen should cover the range up to 6 × 104 counts per second. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm{t =}}\frac{{{\rm{a}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{b - ab}}_{\rm{1}}}}{{{\rm{ab (a}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{- b}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{) - a}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{b}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{(a - b)}}}}, $$\end{document} where a and b are the R values of the two specimens at one current, and a1 and b1 the R values of the same specimens at another. The average t is determined from as many current pairs as possible. All counting rates (R) are thereafter corrected by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ R_ \circ = \frac{R}{{1.0 - tR}}, $$\end{document} where R0 is the true and R the measured rates per second. R should not exceed about 6 × 104.For energy-dispersive detectors, the R values of Kα and Kβ peaks may be used from a single specimen and substituted for a and b in the above equation to obtain t.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 200-203 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The calculation and use of spectrometer-dependent variables for use in calibration equations converting X-ray intensities to concentrations are described. The variables correct for changes in both sensitivity and background, allow common calibration equations to be used for two spectrometers and obviate the need for recalibration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A computer program, used to ‘curve-fit’ complex spectra of overlapping peaks in other spectral applications, has been used with X-ray fluorescence data. Compensation is made for analytical error introduced through peak overlap. A typical case of this ‘inter-element interference’, that of titanium upon vanadium, is taken to demonstrate the method. A comparison between the computer-generated results and those determined by the conventional inter-element correction method favours the curve-fitting procedure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: An empirical model that includes the effect of incidence and exit angles and non-random packing effects is proposed for describing the effect of particle size on the measured X-ray fluorescence (XRF) response from thick heterogeneous samples. An exact model is derived that illustrates these effects for the ideal case of reglarly oriented cubes, and the previous models at high concentrations of a single homogeneous particale the proposed model and the previous models at high concentrations of a single homogeneous particle type where the largest difference between the previous models is observed. It is shown that at specific angles of incidence and exit the proposed model agrees closely with each of the earlier models. Experimental data taken at different incidence angles show that the proposed model provides the best least-squares fit to the observed data on the basis of the minimum reduced chi-square value.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 7 (1978), S. vii 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 7-8 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Over recent years, some confusion has arisen regarding the transmission properties of commercially available frame-mounted polypropylen flow counter windows compared to those of the loose sheet polyethylene teraphthalate (Mylar) material previously available. Experimental results obtained for Ca to F Kα characteristic radiations inclusive enable the transmissions of 6 μm Mylar 1 μm polypropylene to be calculated which in turn are compared to earlier published data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Theoretical grounds for a method of the elimination of absorption matrix effects based upon the application of the measurement of the intensity of the coherent scattered and Compton scattered X-rays are presented in this paper. The presented method has been confirmed experimentally. The described method of the elimination of the absorption matrix effect can be applied, in the case of samples having ‘intermediate’ masses per unit area, by means of analysis by the X-ray fluorescence method. The total error (standard deviation) of correction for absorption obtained by the proposed method varies from 3-7% for the values of this correction from 2.5-1.3 respectively. The presented method can be used in the trace analysis of biological and environmental materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 19-26 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Pentaerythritol is, for a number of given reasons, notable among the relatively limited choice of materials suitable for the manufacture of Bragg X-ray analysers for use in quantitative X-ray spectrometry to relatively long wavelengths. In many, perhaps most, Bragg X-ray optical systems the beam power throughput to the detector, and hence the system sensitivity, is directly proportional to the Bragg reflection integral. Absolute beam power spectrometry thus requires knowledge of the wavelength function of that quantity for the analyser used. In this paper the nature of that function, and its stability, is investigated for diffraction from the (002) planes of pentaerythritol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. vi 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A new facility for particle-induced X-ray emission analysis is presented. The performance of an on-demand beam pulsing system is checked experimentally and results of some calculations are shown graphically.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Figures-of-merit are developed for simultaneous multi-element analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Those derived from information theory frequently give optima in regions of poor excitation of one or more elements and have to be restricted to the region above the absorption edge of the highest Z element; the shapes of the surface described by these and other functions are studied and their optima are compared. A product sum function of inverse Poisson standard deviation gives results that best meet the expectations of X-ray spectroscopists. The location of optima in the space of excitation conditions is dependent upon concentration, but the optimum of the one sample of a batch with the highest overall count rate is still a good compromise between the best experimental conditions and maximum input. These results are substantiated with plots giving the dependence of the figures-of-merit from experimental conditions and with spectra at the optima as defined by the different functions. These equations are potentially useful as objective functions in optimization alogorithms as well as for the comparison between the performance of different X-ray systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. vii 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 8 (1979), S. vi 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...