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  • Articles  (10,027)
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1950  (1,550)
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  • Economics  (10,027)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (8,181)
  • 1950-1954  (1,550)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE WELFARE STATE AND POVERTY IN FINLAND AND SWEDEN FROM THE MID-1960s TO THE MID-1980s (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using poverty lines representing the fixed basket of goods and services, the development over time of poverty in Finland and Sweden are compared. In both countries, poverty decreased rapidly between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, after which changes have been less dramatic. During the first part of the 1980s poverty continued to decrease in Finland, but increased in Sweden. Comparisons for age-groups showed large reductions in poverty rates among the aged in both countries. Poverty has shifted from the permanent old age poverty towards a more temporary poverty in young adulthood.International comparisons show that in the early 1980s both Finland and Sweden had poverty rates below the average of the affluent Western nations. Furthermore, these comparisons suggest that cross-national variations in poverty rates are partly explained by the size of the welfare state. Also, time series analysis shows that income transfers have taken an increasing number of people out of poverty in both countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00303.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INTERGENERATIONAL CORRELATION BETWEEN CHILDREN'S ADULT EARNINGS AND THEIR PARENTS' INCOME: RESULTS FROM THE MICHIGAN PANEL SURVEY OF INCOME DYNAMICS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Intergenerational correlations between parental income and child earnings reflect the extent of intergenerational economic mobility and equality of opportunity. Previous estimates are about 0.2, but these estimates suffer from a number of problems, including the use of but one year of observations and of nonrandom samples. We present new estimates based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These estimates suggest correlations over 0.5 with longer-run income and earning measures, as well as some gender and race differences and some impact of liquidity constraints. They also suggest that the intergenerational elasticity is greater as parental income increases, the opposite of the Becker-Tomes conjecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00275.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    THE CONTRACTING-OUT PROBLEM IN SERVICE SECTOR ANALYSIS: CHOICE OF STATISTICAL UNIT (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The contracting-out problem in service sector analysis is defined and considered from the viewpoint of choice of statistical unit. It is shown that both the enterprise statistical unit and the establishment- based unit are unsatisfactory for economic analysis. This leads to the recommendation for an “intermediate” statistical unit, namely the “division.” The division, by construction and definition, is shown to have desirable properties for analysis of the contracting-out problem (and own-account problem) relating to services. Some empirical evidence with respect to the Canadian service sector economy supports the analysis and suggests a new interpretation of conventional service sector growth statistics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00279.x
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  • 4
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    Announcements (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00283.x
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  • 5
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    CAN A PERPETUAL INVENTORY CAPITAL STOCK BE USED FOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PARAMETER ESTIMATION? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Due to lack of data on capital disappearance, we simply do not know the covariance of the capital stock with factor inputs and prices well enough to estimate production function parameters. Since replacement rates are rational economic decisions, the errors in a perpetual inventory capital stock vary systematically with the business cycle and such economic variables as rates of technical progress and interest rates. This introduces systematic errors into calculated parameters of production functions and rates of technical progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00262.x
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  • 6
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    The Effects of Income Support Measures on the Labour Market Behaviour of Lone Mothers (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00134.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Harmonising Corporate Taxes in Europe (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00125.x
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  • 8
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    Inflation Non-Neutralities in the UK Corporation Tax (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00143.x
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  • 9
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    Lecture given at the Annual General Meeting of the IFS on 21 May 1990 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00137.x
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  • 10
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    MAJOR CHANGES PROPOSED FOR THE NEXT SNA: AN OVERVIEW (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The first draft of the new manual for the System of National Accounts will be circulated during 1990. The major changes to be incorporated in it are highlighted in this article. A full list of all changes is available from the United Nations Statistical Office and will be included as an annex to the final manual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00318.x
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  • 11
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    ASPECTS OF POVERTY IN GREECE (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Poverty in Greece is measured and decomposed using the primary consumption expenditure data of two Greek Household Expenditure Surveys (1974, 1981/82). Poverty is found to be associated with particular characteristics of the household or the household head. These characteristics are residence in rural areas, large household size, low educational level and old age of the household head. Poverty is also very high among members of households headed by farmers and retired persons. Both absolute and relative poverty declined substantially between 1974 and 1982. Changes in the structure of the population had a positive effect on poverty alleviation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00321.x
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  • 12
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    UNITS IN NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND THE BASIC SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC STATISTICS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Units which are actually used in legal-administrative reality often are not directly suitable as statistical units. For the purposes of the statistical description of the economic processes a transformation is needed. In this paper I examine the consequences of a changing legal-administrative reality to the definition of statistical units, particularly in the light of the SNA revision now under way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00305.x
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  • 13
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    TRENDS IN POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1967–84 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The sensitivity of movements in poverty to the method used in measuring poverty is examined. The use of various poverty indices, and of various ways of setting the poverty lines, does not affect the conclusion that poverty followed a U-shaped pattern from 1967 to 1984. A model for a family's income/needs ratio is estimated and used to explore the factors that might lie behind this pattern. The results suggest that changes over time in the location of the income distribution are most relevant to the corresponding changes in poverty. Changes in the structure of families, and in labor supply within families, have also been relevant to recent movements in poverty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00261.x
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  • 14
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    THE DUTCH ECONOMY 1921–39: REVISED MACROECONOMIC DATA FOR THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A set of revised macroeconomic time series for the Netherlands 1921–39 is presented. The series cover the “Consolidated Accounts for the Nation” of the SNA in current prices as well as the national product account and some additional series in prices for the previous year. The new interwar series differ considerably from the data that has been published before. They are also more comprehensive, more detailed, and conceptually consistent with the modern national accounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00280.x
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  • 15
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    COMPARISONS OF PURCHASING POWER, REAL OUTPUT AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN MANUFACTURING IN JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA AND THE U.S.A., 1975–85 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study presents binary comparisons of real output and labour productivity in manufacturing in Japan, South Korea and the U.S.A. in 1975, made according to an “industry of origin approach.” The 1975 benchmark comparisons have been updated to 1985. Value added per hour worked in Japanese manufacturing increased from 54 percent of the U.S. level in 1975 to 76 percent in 1985. In certain important branches such as electrical machinery, metal products and machinery and transport equipment, productivity leadership shifted to Japan. In South Korea, labour productivity in manufacturing increased rapidly from 1975 to 1985, both in absolute terms and relative to the U.S.A. Nevertheless, in 1985 value added per hour worked was only 14 percent of the U.S. level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00259.x
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  • 16
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    Announcements (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00265.x
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  • 17
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    SERVICES INDUSTRIES IN THE BUSINESS SECTOR OF THE CANADIAN ECONOMY (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The focus of this paper is an examination of concepts and statistics necessary to support the measurement of real output of services industries. Although applied to the business sector of the Canadian economy, the issues raised may in fact be relevant for many other countries. The Canadian practice is judged with reference to the international guidelines and recommendations. General methodological issues of deflation are examined, particularly double deflation, extrapolation and rebasing. The perennial problems such as the deflation of imputed banking services, insurance, trade margins, etc. are analysed with a view to provide some tentative solutions thereof. Quality assessment of statistics and the criteria used for such an assessment are indicated to share our concern with the international colleagues facing similar problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00263.x
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  • 18
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    THE MEASUREMENT OF CAPITAL THROUGH A FIXED ASSET ACCOUNTING SIMULATION MODEL (FAASM) (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this article the author describes a method of estimating the capital stock of the corporate sector which is being developed at Statistics Canada. The method uses a “Fixed Asset Accounting Simulation Model” or FAASM. FAASM provides estimates of the capital stock by inferring the actual service lives of fixed assets, and using these with price indexes to revalue assets on a constant price basis. FAASM is thus an alternative to the widely used Perpetual Inventory Method. By also inferring accounting lives using the depreciation accounts, it has other important outputs. These latter get only passing mention here. Since FAASM exploits the available data in a comprehensive, systematic way, its service life and capital stock estimates may eventually, after system development and improvement in operation, approach the limits of attainable accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00264.x
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  • 19
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    The First Months of the Community Charge (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00139.x
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  • 20
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    UK Entry to the ERM: What Level? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00130.x
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  • 21
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    The Impossibility of Perfect Neutrality: Fundamental Issues in Tax Reform (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00133.x
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  • 22
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    The Fall in the Savings Ratio: the Role of Housing (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00126.x
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  • 23
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    Sex, Equality and the State Pension (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00127.x
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  • 24
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    ECONOMIC BURDENS OF MARITAL DISRUPTIONS: A COMPARISON OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the German Socio-Economic Panel are used to show that women and children are worse off following a marital split than are men in both the United States and Germany. The size of the difference is sensitive to the equivalence scale used, but despite its far more extensive tax and transfer system the disparate impact of divorce or separation on women and children persisted in Germany at a level at least as high as in the United States.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00317.x
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  • 25
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    GENDER WAGE DIFFERENCES IN AUSTRALIA, SWEDEN AND THE UNITED STATES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper I use microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study t s investigate the contributions of industrial structure, occupational mix and personal and family characteristics to observed gender differences in wages in Australia, Sweden and the United States. A particular effort is made to analyse differences in distribution as well as level of wages. The conclusion reached is that different factors determine the wages of low- and high-wage workers. For higher-wage workers, personal and family characteristics are important explanations for wage variation. For lower-wage workers, occupation plays a more significant role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00320.x
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  • 26
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    A NOTE ON THE REVISION OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00323.x
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  • 27
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    Announcements (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00324.x
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  • 28
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    A NOTE ON THE CONCEPT OF SERVICES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Not one of the many service definitions proposed by various authors and applied in practice enjoy general acceptance. Is it feasible to reach an international agreement on the definition of services? The answer is probably yes; however, is it worthwhile to spend considerable resources to reach such an agreement. Does an overall services aggregate indeed provide important analytical uses? Many doubts are expressed in this respect. Authors of recent international work on the statistics of services tend to accept a more flexible attitude: instead of having one single definition on services, several service concepts could be applied depending on feasibilities and other circumstances of the various statistics. However, all service definitions should be based on the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) and on the Central Product Classification (CPC), recently approved by the Statistical Commission of the United Nations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00307.x
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  • 29
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    CONCEPTUAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SATELLITE SYSTEMS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, some considerations are presented on possible concepts of satellite accounts. These accounts are special data systems on specific, socially important fields of study (e.g. environment, health, education) which could supplement the core system of national accounts and which are linked to the core by common classifications and transition tables for transactors and transactions. The special advantage of satellite systems are the possibilities of meeting new demands on data, of testing new concepts which are suitable for the described field and at the same time of leaving the extent and concepts of the core system unchanged.In the paper, the main emphasis is laid on the need to standardize the concepts of satellite accounts world-wide. This is necessary not only for comparing the results of analyses for different subject fields on a national level, but also in order to enable international comparisons of the data to be made for one field of study. Furthermore, a more detailed description of the concepts for the production part of the satellite system is given.
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  • 30
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    NETTING OUT INCOME TAXES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00304.x
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  • 31
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    ANNOUNCEMENT (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1990.tb00308.x
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  • 32
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    WEALTH HOLDINGS AND POVERTY STATUS IN THE U.S. (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Families below the poverty line are better off in terms of wealth than income. In 1962, the ratio of mean income between families below and above the poverty line is 0.19 and the ratio of mean wealth is 0.29. The corresponding ratios for 1983 are 0.16 and 0.19. On average, the elderly poor are better off in terms of wealth than the younger poor, particularly relative to their own income. However, the poor have become worse off in terms of wealth between 1962 and 1983, when their real income grew by 6 percent and their real wealth declined by 11 percent. The inclusion of pension and social security wealth in the household portfolio narrows the wealth gap between the poor and non-poor, particularly for families under 65 years of age. Alternative poverty rates are also calculated based on the inclusion of annuity flows from wealth in household income. The reduction in the poverty rate between 1962 and 1983, from 21 to 15 percent on the basis of the official rate, is considerably lower with these alternative definitions.
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    A BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ANALYSIS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN DEBT CRISIS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we offer a definition of a country “debt crisis” based upon the amount of new borrowing relative to the cost of servicing past debt. Policy implications for both debtor countries and their creditors are examined. An empirical application is made to Latin American countries, 1978–82. The causes of the debt problems created during this period are investigated with respect to the extent they were the result of rising interest rates vis à vis increased borrowing.
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    ACCOUNTING FOR TIME USE (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper the author discusses how statistics on time use can be integrated into a social accounting matrix representation of economic activity. Time use data are presented as an extended manpower matrix and related to Stone's basic dynamic framework for social statistics. The valuation of time and methods of imputation are then discussed in relation to the choice of production boundary. It is argued that any imputations of labour income must be balanced by valuing goods consumed at their user cost and that there is a case for imputing value to all uses of time.
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    Fiscal Instruments in Environmental Policy (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Conceding Flexibility in Fiscal Management: The Case of Public Spending End-Year Flexibility (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Management Buy-Outs from the Public Sector: Ownership Form and Incentive Issues (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Savings, Independent Taxation and the 1990 Budget (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Why Social Security Expenditure in the 1980s has Risen Faster than Expected: the Role of Unemployment (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    FINANCIAL CONSISTENCY IN LONGITUDINAL MICROSIMULATION: HOMEMAKER PENSIONS RE-EXAMINED (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Transfer programs, including public pension plans, do not generate wealth. In this paper methods of distributional analysis that lack budget constraints and are prone to illusions of wealth creation are criticized. A microsimulation analysis reported in “Homemaker Pension and Lifetime Redistribution” (Wolfson, 1988) is repeated using a conceptual framework that imposes a balance between the positive and negative impacts of transfer programs. This alternate analytical perspective reverses the distributional conclusions of the earlier study conducted using the same model.
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    THE IMPACT OF BEQUESTS ON LIFETIME WEALTH ACCUMULATION: AN ECONOMETRIC STUDY OF TWO GENERATIONS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN INDIA (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using retrospective data on bequest receipts and wealth over two generations of rural Indian households, we have estimated the effect of bequest receipts on the lifetime wealth accumulation of recipients. We exploit the availability of data on two generations of the same household by estimating a family fixed effects model that controls for unobserved, intergenerationally-persistent household endowments. Our results suggest an adverse impact of bequest receipts on the wealth accumulation of recipients. This effect is much more negative for the current generation of household heads than for the previous generation, indicating that the disincentive effects associated with bequest receipts have increased substantially over a generation. Such disincentive effects are consistent with the commonly-observed phenomenon of “regression to the mean.” The empirical results also show that the positive association between schooling and wealth accumulation has strengthened substantially over the course of a generation, implying rising returns to schooling.
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    ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN BANKING SERVICES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In order to examine theories of domestic and international trade in banking, information is presented in this paper on the vast array of service charges banks levy on their customers, both resident and non-resident, and the complex of interest rates on deposits and loans that must be collected. Examination is also necessary of collection procedures of the various charges which central banks levy on banks, as well as interest rates paid on reserves, insurance premia on deposits and the like in order to test propositions that international trade in banking is a function of the various monetary policies followed by Monetary Authorities.
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    THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Estimating the elderly's relative economic well-being is of policy importance, but the procedure poses several technical problems. We propose a methodology for such comparison and present results from its application. Household income of persons is adjusted for household size, underreporting of unearned income, and the annuitized value of assets. By this measure, the elderly are on average 124 percent as well off as the nonelderly. Their households are on average 183 percent as well off as those of children under 6. Inequality is greater than at any other age and increases further for those over 75.
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    STOCK FLOW CONSISTENT INCOME FOR INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL COMPANIES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although industrial and commercial companies (ICCs) are primarily concerned with the production of goods and services which yield a trading profit there is evidence that they have become increasingly concerned with their portfolios of tangible and financial assets and liabilities. As relative prices, interest rates and exchange rates alter, there are implied changes to the realisable net worth of ICCs. That these changes can be substantial is particularly illustrated by reference to the U.K. experience between 1980 and 1982 and in 1985. However, conventional transactions based income measures are purposely not designed to capture these changes. Measuring income on a stock-flow consistent basis provides a complementary view of the performance of ICCs which is intended to capture these portfolio effects.
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    MEASURING THE VALUE OF HOUSEHOLD OUTPUT: A COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT APPROACHES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Economists have traditionally measured household production (HP) by multiplying hours spent by a wage rate. This practice tends to misstate HP by ignoring the contribution of capital and entrepreneurship and by making questionable marginal productivity assumptions. Quantifying the HP and multiplying by the market value per unit avoids these problems and yields a value estimated by the same method as GNP. We measure HP by this direct method and find HP to be 44 percent more than that obtained by the traditional approach. We further make average productivity comparisons between firms and households for typical HP items.
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    Low Income Families, 1979–87 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The Early Days of IFS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This year IFS celebrates its 21st birthday. To mark the occasion Director Bill Robinson invited the founder members to submit their recollections of how the Institute started and himserf explored the archives. The follo wing account of the early days of the Institute is the result.
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    Modelling the Effect of Prescription Charge Rises (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    The Taxation Support of Occupational Pensions: A Long-Term View (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    The Housing Market and Consumer Spending (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    The Mid-Term Financial Strategy (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    The Abolition of the Pensions ‘Earnings Rule’ (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The 1990 Budget and the EMS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ‘Adverse Selection’ Features of Poverty amongst Lone Mothers (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Economic Stability and Economic Growth in Rural Communities: Dimensions Relevant to Local Employment Creation Strategy (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Approaches for analyzing employment stability with aggregated data for SICs in large regions or major metropolitan areas are misleading indicators of the impact of manufacturing growth in rural areas. Performance of moderate-sized individual establishments seriously impact total employment variation in small-employment-sized rural communities, requiring analysis of the determinants of employment stability of these establishments. Aggregate SIC performance and most conventional criteria for judging probable stability appear to provide very limited predictability for individual firm performance. However, manufacturing development appears generally to have desirable effects on community-wide employment stability.
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    Producer Services Development and the Role of Telecommunications: A Case Study in Rural Washington (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Information-intensive producer services, which constitute one of the fastest growing components of the U.S. economy, have been identified as a potential contributor to economic development in rural areas. This issue is examined in a case study of a community in rural Washington State. The findings indicate that producer services have not been decentralizing to rural Washington, and that opportunities for producer services development in rural communities are limited because of the inaccessibility of markets, smaller pools of skilled labor, and the lack of agglomeration economies. Opportunities for producer services are greatest in large rural communities with high-quality telecommunications systems. Although the quality of telecommunications systems is important to the economic health of communities, advances in telecommunications can be a two-way street for rural America. While telecommunications improvements increase a rural community's access to information and make it possible for rural businesses to more easily serve non-local markets, they can also make it easier for firms located in urban areas to serve rural markets via branch offices or through the telecommunications system.
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    Manufacturing Decline and Technology Lags in Nonmetropolitan Illinois (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Numerous studies have focused on national and regional manufacturing decline in the U.S., but far less attention has been placed on decline in substate areas. This oversight is troublesome because manufacturing decline in substate areas, particularly in the Midwest, has been severe and prolonged. This paper, therefore, examines the causes of manufacturing decline at the substate level. Specifically, I evaluate whether the impact of factors influencing decline varies according to the size and location of medium- and small-sized cities in Illinois. Survey data and loglinear modeling methods are used for the empirical analysis. The results indicate that the impact of technology lags in substate areas varies significantly by the size of cities. The effects of technology, the regional shift of manufacturing, and federal trade policies are influenced by the relative location of cities.
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    The Japanese Banking Presence in the United States and Its Regional Distribution (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Japanese presence in U.S. banking markets is of particular significance. Japanese represent slightly over one-half of the total foreign banking presence in the U.S., concentrated in two states (California and New York). The growth of Japanese direct investment in the U.S. and the yen/dollar exchange rate appear to be the two most important economic factors influencing this rising Japanese banking presence. Japanese legislation liberalizing the flow of investment in and out of Japan, beginning in 1980, is a very important factor. Also, the International Banking Act of 1978 may be important in explaining the recent growth of Japanese bank branches in California.
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    Business Survival in Rural America: A Three-State Study (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Many economists expect that new business survival rates in rural areas ought to be low because of inherent disadvantages of rural economies (e.g. small markets). What little evidence there is in support of this expectation is based on data which is biased toward rural areas. Using unemployment insurance tax records (ES202) for Arkansas, Maine, and North Dakota, the authors calculate and analyze new firm survival rates. Results show that new business survival rates are as high in rural areas as they are in urban areas. Further, survival rates in different industrial sectors are comparable, even when level of urbanization is taken into account. The authors conclude that economists may be overstating the inviability of rural in relation to urban economies.
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    Towards Modeling National Preference Formation for Regional Development Policy: Lessons from Developed and Less Developed Countries (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: National preferences for the development of regional and environmental policy are dependent on the competitive resolution of priorities emanating from four national centers of preference formation, namely: (a) national opinion leaders, (b) society at large, (c) state political institutions, and (d) the private business sector. The viability of national policies for regional development and environmental protection is assumed to be a function of the degree of systemic concordance among these four competing loci of preference formation. The paper explores differences between developed and developing countries in the formation of national preferences and analyzes the process by which competing preferences for regional development and environmental protection are ultimately resolved. It demonstrates that MDCs enjoy a high degree of harmony among their more autonomous centers of preference formation to achieve regional development goals, whereas LDCs are constrained by the dominant and coercive role of the state apparatus.
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    Book Reviews (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Immigration Michael C. LeMay, ed. City Finance Helen F. Ladd and John Yinger. The Impact of Impact Assessment Robert V. Bartlett, ed. Status: Professional vs. Capitalist Tom Bottomore and Robert J. Bryn, eds.
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    Diverse Retail Structure and Christaller's Separation Principle in Medium-Sized Metropolitan Areas (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Standardized features dominate the retail landscape of the United States and are the physical components of retail districts. This study tests the hypothesis that standardized building blocks have failed to produce the same retail structure in all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Ninety-two medium-sized MS As are analyzed to determine if the arrangement and strength of their retail districts differ. The relationship between functional and spatial aspects of retail structure in central place theory provides a basis for testing the hypothesis of diversity. Christaller's separation principle provides a plausible conceptual framework for diverse retail structure if each MSA is analyzed as an isolated region. Five types of retail structure are analyzed using data obtained from the Census of Population and the Census of Retail Trade. The types are identified by performing a serial iterative partition cluster procedure on prioritized metropolitan sales variables. The statistical significance of the types is tested with Mann-Whitney U-tests of functional variables not used in the cluster analysis. Verification confirms five distinctive types. Monocentric and polycentric retail structures exist but decentralized retail structure is even more common in medium-sized MSAs. The distribution of types of retail structure follows regional pattern that indicate historical and political factors as contributing causes.
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    Modified Static I-O Framework Using the Concept of Labour Equivalence (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The paper introduces the concept of labour equivalence and determines the index of the intensity of labour use in its terms. The measure thus defined is shown to be analogous to the predefined labour multiplier with the necessary incorporation of prices and wages. The explicit inclusion of price-wage parameters gives it the advantage of being a more efficient planning tool.
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    Book Reviews (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Industrial Change International G J.R. Linge and G.A. van der Knaap, eds., Labor, Environment and Industrial Change. Internal Colonies C. Matthew Snipp, ed. Public Policy Impacts on American Indian Economic Development. Do People Choose in Government Service Markets? The Competitive City: The Political Economy of Suburbia. Stimulating Business-The State as EntrepreneurPeter K. Eisinger. The Rise of the Entrepreneurial State: State and Local Economic Development Policy in the United States. Alternative Service Delivery: One View John A. Rehfuss. Contracting Out in Government: A Guide to Working with Outside Contractors to Supply Public Services. Alternative Service Delivery: Another View Lawrence K. Finley ed., Public Sector Privatization: Alternative Approaches to Service Delivery. Changes: United States and Australia Lay James Gibson and Robert J. Stimson eds., Regional Structural Change: Experience and Prospects in Two Mature Economies.
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    Shift-Share Analysis and the Potential for Predicting Regional Growth Patterns: Some Evidence for the Region of Quebec, Canada (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to explain changes in regional attractiveness as measured by the competitive component of the shift-share model. This is done by applying the shift-share model to the manufacturing sector in the province of Quebec and using time series data for twenty two-digit industries as the basis of analysis. The study concludes that shift-share is useful for analyzing historical employment patterns and identifying their causes through regression analysis. However, the inherent structural instability limits the predictive potential of the model.
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    Book Reviews (1990)
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    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Trends in Urban Change Examined Michael G. H. McGeary and Laurence E. Lynn, Jr. eds., Urban Change and Poverry. Swedes and Norwegians Briant Lindsay Lowell. Scandinavian Exodus: Demography and Social Development of 19th Century Rural Communities. Environmental Management Joseph M. Petulla. Environmental Protection in the United States: Industries, Agencies, Environmentalists.
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    Vocational training and new production concepts in Germany: some lessons for Britain (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article shows the pivotal role, played by the German system of vocational education and training, in the emergence of a new manufacturing policy. It offers a critique of recent changes in British training policy and practice and suggests further radical revisions in that area, in order to break out of the vicious circle of low training effort–low technology–low competitiveness.
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    Managing absence in an NHS hospital (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Absence studies often pay little attention to institutional settings. This study of a large hospital looks at factors affecting absence, and worker attitudes to time off. It reveals a highly committed workforce, but one with low morale, deeply distrustful of a management initiating rapid changes.
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    Still balancing the books: the NUM and the 1984–85 strike (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the context of the NUM's decision to seek a merger, this article examines the financial impact of the 1984–85 strike. In conducting the strike, its federal structure is shown to have provided the union leadership with flexibility. But it has limited the capacity to recover afterwards and has consequences for merger prospects with other unions.
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    Use of equal opportunities legislation and earnings differentials: a comparative study (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article traces the number of legal cases concerning gender, race and other forms of discrimination in the US, Canada and Britain where there is now up to a quarter of a century's experience. Substantial differences in the extent to which the legislation is used across countries and by different groups within each country are revealed.
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    The making of women trade union leaders (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A trade union's constitution is intended to produce its leaders in a democratic and even-handed manner, but the reality for women is one of inequality. They remain almost invisible in senior positions in British unions. The social processes by which women do or do not progress in a union's career structure are investigated through a case study of SOGAT ‘82.
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    French trade unions: crisis in the 1980s (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: France has had a Socialist President since 1981, and yet support for French trade unions has declined markedly. This article assesses the nature of this decline and examines the role of government, changes in the labour market, employer policies and trade union strategies, in order to explain this apparent paradox.
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    Book Reviews (1990)
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    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Crisis of Labour: Industrial Relations and the State in Contemporary Britain David Coates Philip Allan Manufacturing Change: Industrial Relations and Restructuring Stephanie Tailby and Colin Whitston The Competitiveness of European Industry Arthur Francis and P. K. M. Tharakan Routledge Managing People at Work Peter Makin, Cary Cooper and Charles Cox Strikes Richard Hyman Macmillan The Seamen—a history of the National Union of Seamen Arthur Marsh and Victoria Ryan Malthouse Crisis in the French Labour Movement: A Grassroot's Perspective W. Rand Smith Macmillan Individual Employment Law Barry Titman and Peter Camp
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    Passages on the path to privatisation: the experience of British Steel (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In 1988 public sector steelmaking in Britain was extinguished by the sale of all shares in British Steel plc. Given the politicised history of steel, the ease with which the company floated is surprising. This article suggests explanations which lie in the character of the principal industrial actors and the main political parties.
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    Book Reviews (1990)
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    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this Article: Pay Determination and Industrial Prosperity Alan A. Carruth and Andrew J. Oswald The State as Employer: Labour Law in the Public Services Sandra Fredman and Gillian S. Morris Employment Disputes and the Third Party Pat Lowry Homework, Conditions of Work Digest, Volume 8, Number 2 Michele B. Jankanish (ed.) New Technologies and Work: Capitalist & Socialist Perspectives A. Francis & P. Grootings (eds.) Managerial Strategy for New Technology Wendy Currie Innovation in Technology and Organisation Peter Clark and Neil Staunton Managing Innovations: A Study of British and Japanese Factories D. H. Whittaker Innovation Marathon: Lessons from High Technology Firms Mariann Jelinek and Claudia Bird Schoonhoven Labour under the Marshall Plan: The politics of productivity and the marketing of management science Anthony Carew American Labor and Postwar Italy, 1943–1953: A study of Cold War politics Ronald L. Filippelli Labor Divided: Austerity and Working-Class Politics in Contemporary Italy. Miriam Golden Industrial Relations Strategies M. W. Nuttall
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    Yugoslav ‘self-management’ and industrial relations in transition (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article attempts to examine the changes taking place in the Yugoslav ‘self-management’ and industrial relations system. It looks at the emerging roles of both management and labour in the context of moves to give market factors greater prominence in the economy.
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    The case for labour courts (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While there is widespread agreement that tripartite industrial tribunals are the most appropriate way of handling individual rights at work, the case for extending the system to embrace collective labour law is much more controversial and complex. Nevertheless, despite the problems and risks involved, the author favours moves in this direction.
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    Member commitment in an American union: the role of the grievance procedure (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years increased attention has been focused on the factors that influence member commitment to union. However, little attention has been paid to the role grievance procedures play in this commitment. Here the authors examine the relationship between member attitudes toward the grievance procedure and commitment to an American union.
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    In this issue (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Spatial patterns of Japanese investment in the US automobile industry (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here the author examines the locational strategy of Japanese car manufacturers and their component part suppliers in the US at both the regional and local scale. This is compared briefly with the strategy pursued by Japanese investors in the UK auto industry
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    Book Reviews (1990)
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    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Governments, Managers and Industrial Relations. Public Enterprises and their Political Environment Anthony Ferner Information and Government Studies in the Dynamics of Policy-Making Roger Davidson and Phil White (Eds.) When Public Sector Workers Unionize Richard Freeman and Casey Ichniowski (Eds.) Making Mondragon W. Foote Whyte and K. King Whyte Worker Co-operatives in Theory and Practice M. Mellor, J. Hannah, J. Stirling Developing Successful Worker Co-operatives C. Cornforth, A. Thomas, J. Lewis and R. Spear The Origins of Economic Democracy—Profit Sharing and Employee-Shareholding Schemes Michael Poole People's Capitalism? A Critical Analysis of Profit-Sharing and Employee Share Ownership Lesley Baddon, Laurie Hunter, Jeff Hyman, John Leopold, and Harvie Ramsay The Third Way—The Promise of Industrial Democracy Dennis Lawrence The Search for Labour Market Flexibility R. Boyer (Ed.) The Changing Ideas of a Teachers Union C. T. Kerchner and D. E. Mitchell Safety at Work: the Limits of Self-regulation S. Dawson, P. Willman, M. Bamford and A. Clinton Shopfloor Politics and Job Controls: the post-war engineering industry Michael Terry and P. K. Edwards (Eds.)
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    Book Reviews (1990)
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    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Environmental Watchdogs James A. Tober. Native Americans C. Matthew Who Owns the Subsurface? Ronald T. Libby. Middle East Michael Bar-Zohar. A Green World S. Frederick
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    The Effects of Universities on Local Retail, Service, and F.I.R.E. Employment: Some Cross-Sectional Evidence (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This article examines the question of whether the traditional view of a complementary relationship between universities and local businesses is still appropriate or whether auxiliary activities and other competitive elements have changed this relationship. Cross-sectional data on over 3100 counties and 3300 institutions are used to analyze the effects of university enrollment and auxiliary activities on county-level employment in the retail, financial, and service sectors. Findings indicate that the negative effects of university auxiliary activities are confined to relatively small counties, are small in magnitude, and are more than offset by the positive effects of spending by universities and students. The overall impact is positive, is more pronounced in more populous counties, and has increased over time.
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    Human resource management and the Industrial Relations journal: an announcement (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Employment in tourism: a review (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Employment in tourism has grown substantially in recent years and has been the subject of considerable policy interest. This article reviews some of the key issues in estimating tourism employment and provides clarification of the relationship between various estimates which have been presented in different studies.
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    Dockers, Devlin and industrial disputes (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Industrial conflict on the docks was for many years attributed to casual forms of employment. Consequently, the instigation of a more permanent employment relationship in 1967 was expected to bring industrial peace on the waterfront. However, empirical investigation reveals that ‘permanent’ employment has had little, if any, effect on strike activity.
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    Other publications received (1990)
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    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    EDAP at Ford: a research note (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Employee Development and Assistance Programme (EDAP) is a unique new initiative launched jointly by the management and unions at Ford. Here the author outlines the scheme which provides a significant ‘model’ for adult and continuing education within commercial enterprises. It is attracting widespread interest and imitators.
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    Decentralisation of collective bargaining: a case study (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While a number of surveys have identified a trend towards decentralised bargaining, this article is one of the first to examine the process of decentralisation. The decision of Coats Viyella PLC to decentralise bargaining in its apparel division is examined in detail and the outcomes of the first round of decentralised negotiations are analysed.
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    The effects of equal value claims on businesses (1990)
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    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the law relating to claims by women employees that their work is of value equal to that performed by men. It focuses on several recent case-law authorities, considers difficulties with the legislation, and the possible non-compliance of UK law with EEC standards.
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    The new independent trade unionism in Hungary (1990)
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    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article describes the development of political and economic reform in Hungary since 1956 and considers the recent emergence of independent trade unionism, particularly the new Democratic Union of Scientific Workers (TDDSZ). The author assesses the prospects for independent trade unionism in general as well as the reform of the official trade union movement (SZOT) in a rapidly changing political climate.
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    Limits to transformation: human resource management in the British context (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The extensive range of far-reaching managerial initiatives which are constantly reported might seem to signal a transformation to a totally new order of human resource management. This article examines some entrenched structural features of the British context which can help explain the limits to this pattern of change
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    Regional Development Within National Industrial Policies: An Analysis of the British Coal Industry (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Three variations in regional policy distinguish the conduct of the nationalized British coal industry—social industry, state industry, and state commerce. Each variation takes a distinct approach to natural and human resource development in chronically depressed regions such as the peripheral coal fields in Britain or the Appalachian coal fields in the United States. Central to the variation are recognition of the factor of decline that E. F. Schumacher analyzed in the 1950s and the mitigation of social welfare consequences of shifts in production and investment. Schumacher's analysis raised policy issues of social welfare, resource development, and energy. These emerged again in the British coalminers'strike of 1984–85. Broad issues like these are likely to surface in regions where employment is concentrated in a declining industry facing new and severe competition.
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    Annexation Rates and Institutional Constraints (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the Sengstock typology of annexation laws for predictive power. Cities were found to annex at different rates when categorized according to the Sengstock typology. Cities allowed to annex land areas under municipal determination provisions were found to annex at higher rates than cities that annexed under predominantly under other types of laws. Cities that annexed under judicial determination provisions were found to annex land areas at lower rates than cities that annexed under other types of laws.
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    Changes in U.S. and Southern Economics Department Rankings over Time (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Rankings of economics departments nationwide and in the South are calculated using numbers of pages published in three of the most highly ranked journals for the periods 1978–83, 1983–88, and 1978–88. Changes in the rankings between the 1978–83 and 1983–88 time periods are examined, and the results are compared to those obtained in previous studies. While the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between our nationwide 1978–83 and 1983–88 rankings is .80, there are a number of cases of substantial movements by individual schools either up or down in the rankings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00523.x
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  • 96
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    The Changing Regional Structure of the U.S. Economy (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper utilizes newly available industry-specific historical measures of Gross Regional Product to highlight the changing regional structure of the U.S. economy between 1963 and 1986. During this period, the percentage of U.S. output produced in the eight different regions changed significantly. The largest changes occurred in the Great Lakes (−3.65 percent), Mideast (−3.32 percent), and Southeast (+3.64 percent).Four major industry sectors (Agriculture, Mining, Construction, and Government) declined in relative importance in all eight regions. Five major industry sectors (TCPU, Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, FIRE, and Services) expanded in relative importance. Somewhat surprisingly, Manufacturing output expanded for the U.S. as a whole and for six of the eight regions. The perception of decline in the relative importance of manufacturing in the U.S. is clearly based on the dramatic declines in the once dominant manufacturing base of the Mideast and Great Lakes regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00525.x
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  • 97
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    Manufacturing Output Indexes for a Metropolitan Area: A Look at New Economic Indicators (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to construct monthly manufacturing output indexes for a metropolitan area, employing a method used by the Federal Reserve Banks to construct regional manufacturing indexes. The Tulsa metropolitan area is the region considered. The index of total manufacturing output is included in a vector autoregression model of the Tulsa economy. The results indicate that the linkages between manufacturing activity and non-manufacturing employment differ from the linkages between employment in those sectors, and that since the early 1980s both sectors have become less sensitive to changes in the price of oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00526.x
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  • 98
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    Highway Accessibility, Location Rents, and the Efficiency of Metropolitan Area Tax Base Sharing (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: One solution that has been proposed for the fiscal disparities in fragmented metropolitan areas is the sharing of taxes generated by commercial and industrial property. A criticism of this proposal is that it distorts the efficient pattern of business locations resulting when an implicit market for business locations is allowed to develop through the independent fiscal behavior of communities and the optimizing location behavior of businesses. Critics recognize that the efficiency argument against sharing a metropolitan area's business tax base must be qualified to the extent that local governments possess location advantages which enable them to extract rents from business firms. This paper presents an empirical analysis which permits a partition of the local property tax payments from industrial firms into accessibility location rents and compensation payments to the community for the negative externalities of industrial development. The empirical analysis suggests that approximately 40 percent of the industrial taxes received by communities in this analysis represents accessibility location rents. It is concluded that these receipts could be redistributed through a metropolitan area tax base sharing program without affecting the efficiency of the implicit market for business locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00516.x
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  • 99
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    Comment (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: What follows is a comment on Noel D. Uri's “The Structure of Agricultural Unemployment in the United States,” published in Growth and Change in Summer 1989. Uri's reply appears after the comment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00518.x
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  • 100
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    Pareto-Efficiency and the Provision of Public Goods Within a Rural Setting (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 21 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The ability of small rural governments to provide local public goods in a Pareto-efficient manner is examined. A test developed by Brueckner (1982) is used to examine the efficiency of a sample of town governments in rural Maine. The empirical results suggest that local property values are maximized, which implies that local public goods are provided in a Pareto-efficient manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00508.x
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