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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,509)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,509)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (1,362)
  • 1960-1964  (123)
  • 1915-1919  (24)
  • 1984  (787)
  • 1981  (575)
  • 1961  (123)
  • 1916  (24)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,509)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1980-1984  (1,362)
  • 1960-1964  (123)
  • 1915-1919  (24)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and development of a myxosporidian parasite of the squeteague, cynoscion regalisPublished with the permission of the Commissioner of Fisheries. Contribution from United States Fisheries Biological Station, Beaufort, N. C. (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 333-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050270203
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  • 2
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    Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) of the chick embryo (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) was examined in 10- to 21-day chick embryos and in chicks during the first 5 days post-hatching. The entire circulatory system was injected with India ink, and the bursae were then removed and either cleared for examination in toto or sectioned serially. The bursa was supplied by three pairs of extrinsic blood vessels. At 10 and 11 days of incubation, most intrinsic vessels were arranged in a superficial, hexagonal network. In regions of developing plicae, the hexagonal plexus extended into the core of each plica, forming middle plical vessels. The latter were interconnected across interplical areas by cross-connecting vessels. The middle plical vessels gave rise to small capillary offshoots, which soon increased in complexity, forming delicate loops. Branches extended from these loops through the subepithelial lamina propria to incipient epithelial buds by 12 days of incubation. All epithelial buds were supplied by at least one such branch, and similar branches extended to the basal aspect of the epithelium in areas where epithelial buds had not yet formed. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that blood vessels induce formation of epithelial buds. At about 15 days of incubation, the cortex and medulla of each developing lymphatic follicle were defined clearly, and an intricate, web-like, capillary network coursed throughout the follicular cortex. The medulla appeared to be devoid of capillaries. The diameters of all intrinsic and extrinsic bursal blood vessels gradually increased throughout development. During post-hatching stages, the diameters of the extrinsic vessels continued to increase, whereas those of the intrinsic vessels were markedly decreased from late pre-hatching stages.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670104
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  • 3
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    An investigation of the prolactin-thyroxine synergism in newt limb regeneration (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The use of hormone replacement to support limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts has been the subject of many investigations. Growth hormone, as well as prolactin (PL) in combination with exogenously supplied thyroxine, have all been shown to he effective. However, the bovine growth hormone used to support limb regeneration was contaminated by prolactin and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). The present investigation evaluates the significance of (1) prolactin contamination and (2) endogenous thyroxine synthesis resulting from TSH contamination on limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts. The effect of supplying exogenous thyroxine was also evaluated. Our studies showed that when hypophysectomized newts were injected with contamination levels of PL and TSH, regeneration occurred, suggesting that the newt's thyroid synthesized sufficient thyroxine to support a prolactin-thyroxine synergism. The endogenous thyroxine was synthesized by thyroid glands that were indistinguishable from those of saline-injected, hypophysectomized controls.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670109
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  • 4
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    The effects of androgens on the β-glands of the tokay (Gekko gecko): Modification of an hypothesis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Study of the posterior abdominal epidermis in hypophysectomized/thyroidectomized male and female tokays following surgery, and subsequent androgen therapy, indicates that, contrary to a previous model, all aspects of β-gland differentiation are under direct androgenic control. On the other hand, another epidermal specialization, the digital foot-pad, shows a pattern of histogenesis directly comparable to that of β-glands, but is unaffected by androgens. These data are discussed with respect to the evolution of glandular epidermal specializations in gekkonid lizards and the possible role of androgens in modifying the control of cell differentiation in lizard epidermis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670110
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  • 5
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    Ontogeny and phylogeny of tooth attachment modes in actinopterygian fishes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 167-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are four major tooth attachment modes in actinopterygians. Type 1 mode is characterized by complete ankylosis of the tooth to the attachment bone; it is the primitive attachment mode for actinopterygians. In Type 2 mode there is a ring of collagen between the tooth base and the bone. In Type 3 mode mineralization extends near or to the bone at the anterior tooth border, and there is a relatively large collagen area on the posterior surface of the tooth; Type 3 teeth are hinged with an anterior axis of rotation. Type 4 teeth also have a relatively large posterior collagen area, but there is no collagenous connection between the anterior basal tooth border and the attachment bone; Type 4 teeth are hinged, with a posterior axis of rotation. Types 2, 3, and 4 attachment modes appear to result from retardation of mineralization and resemble, with some modifications, ontogenetic stages in the development of Type 1 mode; they are considered to be paedomorphic features. Attachment modes 2, 3, and 4 are each associated with a major evolutionary lineage within the Teleostei. The degree to which paedomorphosis has been a factor in teleostean evolution is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670203
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  • 6
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    Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bolitoglossa occidentalis, a lowland salamander of Mexico and Guatemala, has a highly derived morphology. The features that are derived with respect to the condition in generalized members of the genus include the following: (1) small body size; (2) short tail; (3) fully webbed hands and feet; (4) reduction and loss of certain phalangeal elements; (5) fusion of carpals and tarsals; (6) absence of prefrontal bones; and (7) reduced skull ossification. The ontogeny of this species was analyzed quantitatively and compared with the patterns of growth and differentiation encountered in two morphologically generalized members of the genus, B. rostrata and B. subpalmata. Most of the derived features can be explained by invoking a single heterochronic process: truncation of development at a small size (most likely the product of early maturation). Therefore, B. occidentalis is a paedomorphic species whose morphology has been attained through the process of progenesis. This result supports Alberch's ('80a) prediction, based on functional analysis, that the principle adaptation to arboreality in B. occidentalis is small size; other derived morphological features are associated with the organism's truncated development and may have no adaptive significance. However, patterns of dissociation are found within this overall progenetic process. Some of these include the following: (1) accelerated growth rates of the metatarsals and first phalanges, and retarded growth rates of the second and third phalangeal elements; (2) dissociation between rates of ossification of the skull and the autopodial elements; and (3) dissociation between the timing of termination of the process of shape change during the ontogeny of the foot (the product of differential growth between digital and interdigital areas) and termination of growth in overall foot size (foot surface area). This later result illustrates the independence of morphogenetic phenomena (shape change) from processes of growth (size increase).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670208
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  • 7
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    Embryonic stages of Gastrotheca riobambae (fowler) during maternal incubation and comparison of development with that of other egg-brooding hylid frogs (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 277-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A table of development (25 stages) for the period of incubation in the pouch was constructed for Gastrotheca riobambae; it can be used to stage embryos of other egg-brooding hylids. Analysis of embryonic weights during incubation shows that the mother does not contribute nutrients, but gases and other factors are probably exchanged between mother and embryos.According to species, incubation on the back of the mother is carried to the froglet or to the tadpole stages. Development in these hylids is characterized by specialized gills, the bell gills derived from the branchial arches. In some species, the bell gills derive from the first branchial arch and cover less than 50% of the embryo, while in others, the bell gills come from both branchial arches I and II and cover from less than 50% to 100% of the embryo. The most complex bell gills derive from the fusion of the two branchial arches.The majority of egg-brooding hylids live in tropical forests and carry development to the froglet stage. Tadpoles are produced by species of Flectonotus, Fritziana, and Gastrotheca. Tadpole-producing species of Gastrotheca have the most complex reproductive adaptations among egg-brooding hylids Acceleration and retardation in development seem to have played important roles in the evolution of these frogs. The evolutionary trend has been toward direct development, i.e., disappearance of the free-living larval stages through maternal incubation, and later to a recovery of the free-living tadpole stages in species of Gastrotheca with the most complex reproductive adaptations.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670303
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  • 8
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    Structure, histochemistry, ontogenetic development, and regeneration of the ocellus of Cladonema radiatum dujardin (cnidaria, hydrozoa, anthomedusae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 313-331 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ectodermal eyes, 45-55 μm in diameter, of the cnidarian hydrozoan Cladonema radiatum Dujardin possess a lens approximately 15 μm in diameter enveloped by an eyecup (retina). An overlying layer of intensely vacuolated distal process of the adjoining epithelial cells forms a transparent cornea. The eyecup is composed of three cell types: basal cells, melanin-containing pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells. The last two cell types occur in the ratio of approximately 2:1. Histogenesis of the eye both during ontogeny and regeneration is described from light and electron microscopic investigations. During ontogeny the cell types forming the retina are derived from a compact group of morphologically undifferentiated cells, but during regeneration a primordium is formed by regeneration cells. In both cases the lens is built from distal nonnucleated cytoplasmic portions pinched off from the pigment cells. The cornea is formed by distal lamellar processes of the ocellus adjoining the epithelial cells. Through EM-histochemical methods (silver impregnation and DOPA-oxidase reaction) the pigment of the chromatophores of the retina was identified as melanin.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670306
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  • 9
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    Announcement (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 247-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680211
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  • 10
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680301
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  • 11
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    Patterns of olfactory projections in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 189-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The neural organization of the olfactory system in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, has been investigated by using the Fink-Heimer technique to trace the efferents of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and Golgi preparations to determine the spatial relations between olfactory afferents and neurons in the primary olfactory centers.The accessory olfactory bulb projects to the ipsilateral nucleus sphericus via the accessory olfactory tract. The main olfactory bulb projects to the ipsilateral telen-cephalon via four tracts. The medial olfactory tract projects to the rostral continuation of medial cortex and to the septum. The intermediate olfactory tract projects to the olfactory tubercle and retrobulbar formation. The lateral olfactory tract projects to the rostral part of lateral cortex. The intermediate and lateral olfactory tracts also merge caudally to form the stria medullaris, which crosses the midline in the habenular commissure and distributes fibers to the contralateral hemisphere via two tracts. The lateral corticohabenular tract terminates in the contralateral lateral cortex. The anterior olfactohabenular tract terminates in the contralateral olfactory tubercle, retrobulbar formation and septum.The relation of olfactory afferents to neurons in the medial cortex, lateral cortex, nucleus sphericus, and septum corresponds to a pattern of organization that is typical of many olfactorecipient structures. Such structures are trilaminar, with neurons whose somata are situated in the intermediate layer (layer 2) sending spine-laden dendrites into an outer, molecular layer (layer 1). Olfactory afferents intersect the distal segments of these dendrites. By contrast, other olfactorecipient structures in Dipsoaurus deviate from the familiar pattern. Olfactory afferents intersect somata lying in layer 2 of the retrobulbar formation. Olfactory afferents include some fibers which course perpendicularly to the surface of the olfactory tubercle and extend deep to layer 2.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680208
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  • 12
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    Observations on preadipocytes and their distribution patterns in rat adipose tissue (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 281-288 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microscopic examination of adipocytes isolated from adult rat epididymal adipose tissue revealed numerous small cells (〈 10 μm) morphologically similar to larger adipocytes. These small adipocytes appear identical to a new classification of adipose cells termed preadipocytes. Electron micrographs of these preadipocytes revealed examples of cells 〈 10 μm in diameter in various stages of maturation and lipid accumulation. The percent distribution pattern of these small adipocytes was not significantly altered by exercise although exercise shifted the distribution patterns of the larger cells (〉 30 μm) toward a smaller mean cell size. The quantitative significance of preadipocytes is not established but these preliminary observations indicate that adipocytes 〈 10 μm in diameter may account for a numerically greater proportion of the total adipocytes observed in collagenase isolated preparations than heretofore recognized, although their contribution to total adipose mass is probably negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680304
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  • 13
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    Hormone dependent changes in the apical connective tissue during early stages of forelimb regeneration in the hypophysectomized newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 297-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When a newt is hypophysectomized prior to or at the time of forelimb amputation a dermal barrier eventually forms between the apical cap of epithelium and the underlying mesenchymal tissues, and the typical regeneration response is transformed to a wound-healing morphology. When hypophysectomized newts are injected on continuous alternate days beginning either at the time of amputation or following a fifteen-day delay, with either growth hormone (GH) or prolactin in combination with thyroxine (PLT4), normal regeneration occurs. Our experiment was designed to examine critically the early changes occurring in apical connective tissue that had been allowed to form as a consequence of hypophysectomy prior to forelimb amputation. Adult newts were hypophysectomized and five days later both forelimbs were amputated distal to the elbow. Following a delay of eight days, to permit the formation of connective tissue beneath the apical epithelium, they were injected intraperitoneally on successive alternate days with GH or with PL in combination with T4 in the aquarium water. The apical connective tissue of the limb stumps underwent a progressive erosion and became discontinuous by day 4. The limb morphology of hypophysectomized newts receiving ACTH or PL or maintained in thyroxine was virtually identical to sham-injected hypophysectomized controls. It appears that an initial effect of GH or PLT4 therapy is to establish the epithelial-mesenchymal interface that previously has been suggested to be a requisite for the regenerative event.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680306
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  • 14
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    External features of embryonic development of a jumping bristletail, Pedetontus unimaculatus Machida (Insecta, Thysanura, Machilidae)Contributions from Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University Of Tsukuba, no. 56. (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 339-355 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The external features of the embryo and the first instar larva of Pedetontus unimaculatus are described. Blastokinesis of P. unimaculatus is very similar to that of Petrobius brevistylis (Larink, '69), but differs from that of Machilis alternata (Heymons and Heymons, '05). The superficial structures of three pairs of protocerebral lobes are present. The terga of the mandibular, maxillary, and labial segments take part in the formation of the head capsule. In the maxilla and labium, the palpi are homologous with the telopodites of the legs; the other parts proximal to the palpi are homologous with the coxopodites. No sternal element contributes to the postmentum. Both glossa and paraglossa consist of two lobes. The pleuropodium, stylus and ventral sac are derived from distal parts of appendage anlagen. The pleuropodium of the first abdominal segment is homologous with the styli of the successive abdominal segments; the ventral sacs of succeeding segments are serially homologous. The basal parts of appendage anlagen cover each sternum in the first to ninth abdominal segments to form coxites, which are therefore appendicular in origin. The basal part of the cercus also covers the ventral and lateral surfaces of the eleventh abdominal segment.
    Additional Material: 42 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680310
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  • 15
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    The embryonic development of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki (lepidoptera, micropterygidae): Morphogenesis of the embryo by external observation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 49-59 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The micropterygid moth Neomicropteryx nipponensis belongs to the most primitive suborder Zeugloptera of the Lepidoptera. During embryogenesis the small circular germ disk formed on the ventral egg surface invaginates deeply into the yolk. It finally separates from the egg periphery or rudimentary serosa, and becomes a sac-shaped germ rudiment. Its anterior part later develops into the germ band, while its posterior part is the future amnion. Just before revolution of the embryo, the embryo assumes a completely superficial position beneath the yolk. Neither amnion nor serosa rupture during revolution; by completion of dorsal closure they have been incorporated into the yolk to form the secondary dorsal organ.The formation of the germ rudiment and embryonic membranes in N. nipponensis resembles those of swift moths, Endoclyta (suborder Monotrysia) and of the caddisflies, Stenopsyche (Trichoptera), but differs from those of ditrysian Lepidoptera. The secondary dorsal organ has never been found in any other lepidopteran embryos; however, it is formed in N. nipponensis and in the Trichoptera. The results of the present study strongly support the general phylogenetic views that the Zeugloptera have a close affinity to the Trichoptera.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690105
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  • 16
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690101
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  • 17
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    Ultrastructure of the lung of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 29-47 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on the rattlesnake lung, which has the form of a cigar-shaped bag enclosing a large axial air chamber. The lungs were fixed by tracheal instillation of fixative to preserve the structural features of inflated lungs. An open tracheal groove along the ventral aspect of the lung is the only structural “airway” present. The wall of the lung has two histologically distinct regions: anteriorly, a respiratory portion, where up to three generations of septa subdivide the wall into cup-shaped gas-exchange chambers, termed faveoli; and posteriorly, a simple, thin-walled saccular portion. The epithelium lining the internal surface of the lung is composed of several cell types: (1) ciliated cells; (2) type I pneumonocytes; (3) type II pneumonocytes, secretory cells characterized by the presence of lamellar bodies; and (4) serous epithelial cells, secretory cells characterized by the presence of homogeneous, densely staining secretory granules. However, the distinctiveness of the secretory cell types in the snake lung is blurred because intermediate-appearing cells have both the lamellar body and homogenous type of secretory granule. The nonepithelial components of the pulmonary wall and septa consist of blood vessels and lymphatics, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, embedded in a matrix of extracellular connective tissue fibers. Tubular myelin figures were observed in the faveolar lining layer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690104
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  • 18
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    Olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 91-111 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Autoradiographic, HRP, and Fink-Heimer techniques define olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish. The olfactory bulb projects bilaterally to eight targets in the area ventralis telencephali including the preoptic area, five targets in area dorsalis telencephali, and the posterior tuber of the diencephalon. There is additional input to the peripheral margin of the internal cell layer of the contralateral olfactory bulb. Fibers cross in rostral (nervus terminalis and commissure of Goldstein) and caudal components of the anterior commissure and the habenular commissure. HRP techniques reveal the origin of bulb efferents from the internal and mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulb. The olfactory tract is divided into five major components, each with a unique subset of ipsilateral and commissural pathways.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690108
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  • 19
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    Establishment of the site of involution at novel locations on the amphibian embryo (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 149-159 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Anuran (Rana) and urodele (Ambystoma) amphibian eggs were subjected to prolonged unnatural orientations in relation to gravity. In some cases eggs were rotated 90°, while in other instances eggs were rotated 180° (complete inversion). Alterations in the pigmentation pattern, cleavage pattern, and site of involution were observed. Despite these unnatural orientations to gravity, the morphogenesis of axial structures was frequently normal. Reorganization of the egg cytoplasm apparently takes place after the unnatural orientation. Rather than being localized in a fixed position in the egg (e.g., the egg cortex), the determinants for the pattern of early embryogenesis are probably located in that portion of the cytoplasm (e.g., “internal” cytoplasm) that orients to gravity.
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    The cytoarchitecture of the torus semicircularis in the red-eared turtle (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 207-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphology of the torus semicircularis in the red-eared turtle, Chrysemys scripta elegans, were examined in Nissl-stained and Golgi-impregnated material. The torus semicircularis begins in the caudodorsal mesencephalon and extends rostrally and laterally to end ventrally to the tectal ventricle. The torus semicircularis consists of a central nucleus and a laminar nucleus, which is interposed between the central nucleus and the ventricle.The central nucleus can be divided into two regions, a small, large-celled area, located dorsally, and a larger area of small spherical (6-17 μm), large spherical (18-25 μm), triangular (15-27 μm) and fusiform (10-26 μm) neurons. The small spherical cells have two dendritic patterns: “radiate” and “single.” The radiate pattern has a dorsoventral orientation, several secondary branches and few dendritic spines. These cells are usually located in the center of the central nucleus. The single pattern is oriented mediolaterally. This cell type is most often observed at the periphery of the central nucleus. These neurons have few secondary branches and dendritic spines. The large spherical neurons display two dendritic orientations: dorsoventral and mediolateral. All dendritic trees have numerous secondary branches and few dendritic spines. The triangular neurons exhibit primary dendrites projecting from the corners of the somata and have few secondary branches and dendritic spines.The fusiform neurons have a majority of their dendrites oriented mediolaterally, few secondary branches and a small number of dendritic spines.The laminar nucleus consists of several layers and three cell types: ovoid (9-15 μm), triangular (20-40 μm), and fusiform (20-40 μm). All neurons have few secondary dendritic branches and few dendritic spines. The dendrites of many neurons course perpendicularly to the long axis of the brainstem and encapsulate the central nucleus. Some ovoid and fusiform neurons display dendrites that enter the central nucleus.
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    Observations on the morphology and histochemistry of the foregut muscles of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 113-131 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the foregut muscles of five spider families (Theraphosidae, Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae) was described, and the individual fibre numbers and fibre cross diameters of the muscles were determined. The nomenclature of these muscles was reviewed and modified if necessary.Oxidative enzyme and myosin-ATPase histochemistry revealed eight dilatatory muscles of the foregut to consist of slow (type I) fibres, while fast fibres (type IIB), and intermediate fibres, were only to be found in the two other muscles of the foregut, and in the remaining prosomal muscles (type IIA fibres around the poison gland).The eight sucking muscles proper of the foregut also showed stronger activities of transmitter metabolizing enzymes [monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase(NAD)], and comparatively distinct amounts of glycogen and lipids.
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    An electron microscopic study on the innervation of the gill filaments of a lamprey, Lampetra japonica (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 325-336 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper reports observations on the innervation of gill filaments of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Nerve fibers run on each side of the afferent filament artery (AFA nerve) and in the connective tissue compartment along the efferent filament artery (EFA nerve). The AFA nerve supplies vasomotor fibers to the afferent filament artery and arteriovenous anastomoses and special visceral motor fibers to branchial muscle fibers (musculus compressor branchialis circularis). Nerve endings of the vasomotor fibers contain large, cored vesicles (60-180 nm in diameter) with a variable number of small, clear vesicles (30-70 μm in diameter), whereas those of the visceral motor fibers have many small, clear vesicles with few large, cored vesicles. The EFA nerve supplies vasomotor fibers to the efferent filament artery. Their endings, containing mixtures of predominantly large, cored vesicles and small, clear vesicles make close synaptic contacts with reticular cells. The latter in turn are connected with each other or with smooth muscle cells in the wall of the efferent filament artery by nexuses. No nerves are found in the axial plate between the afferent and efferent filament arteries nor in the secondary lamellae of individual gill filaments. No afferent nerve supply to the gill filament has been found.
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    Morphology of soma and dendrites of the giant fiber system in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 351-355 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study, using the cobalt chloride technique, clarifies the origin of the giant axons in the cockroach, Periplaneta. Each giant axon in the ventral nerve cord arises from a single cell body located in the sixth abdominal ganglion. The position of the soma is always contralateral to the giant axon; it projects anteriorly. In six giant neurons, the axonic and dendritic branches are ipsilateral while the somata are contralateral. In two neurons, both the soma and the dendritic branches are ipsilateral while the axons are contralateral. The dendritic arborizations of the giant neurons form a dense and compact mass of neuropile in each half of the posterior and middorsal part of the ganglion where sensory fibers, primarily from the cercal nerves terminate. The relation of these findings to earlier electrophysiological studies is discussed.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700101
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    Limb regeneration following the discontinuation of growth hormone therapy in the hypophysectomized newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Untreated adult newts do not undergo normal limb regeneration following hypohysectomy. A fibrocellular dermal barrier (cicatrix) atypically forms between the apical epithelium and the underlying mesenchymal tissues. Historically, continuous administration of growth hormone or of prolactin in combination with thyroxine restored regenerative capacity to these newts. In a previous investigation, we demonstrated that the initial effect of these two hormone treatments, when administered on alternate days to hypophysectomized newts beginning eight days post-amputation, was to facilitate the erosion of the fibrocellular barrier and establish the epithelial mesenchymal interface that is observed in a regenerating limb.The present investigation was designed to evaluate the necessity of continuous hormone therapy to maintain limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts. One, two, or three injections of growth hormone or of prolactin in combination with thyroxine was administered on successive alternate days to hypophysectomized newts either immediately following limb amputation (ID) or beginning eight days post-amputation (DD). The ID and DD newts receiving one, two, or three injections of growth hormone showed evidence of regeneration to the digitiform stage by day 30 post-amputation, while those receiving prolactin and thyroxine underwent wound healing. While both hormone treatments initially promoted a dermis-free apical epithelium, only hypophysectomized newts that had received growth hormone were able to continue regenerating.We have, therefore, concluded that discontinuous growth hormone therapy is sufficient to initiate and maintain the conducive environment for limb regeneration to advanced stages in the hypophysectomized newt. While initiating this process, prolactin and thyroxine therapy on a discontinuous regime does not maintain regeneration. The direct and indirect role of growth hormone in supporting limb regeneration in normal and hypophysectomized newts is discussed.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700301
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    Organization of the telencephalon in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 71-90 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoarchitectonics of the telencephalon of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, are described as a basis for experimental analysis of telencephalic afferents and efferents. The olfactory bulb comprises: (1) an outer layer of olfactory nerve fibers, (2) a glomerular layer, (3) an external cell layer, (4) an inner fiber layer, and (5) an internal cell layer. The telencephalic hemispheres comprise the areas ventralis and dorsalis telencephali. The area ventralis consists of: (1) a precommissural, periventricular zone including nucleus 'nother (Vn), the ventral nucleus (Vv), and the dorsal nucleus (Vd); (2) a precommissural, migrated zone of central (Vc) and lateral (VI) nuclei; (3) a supracommissural nucleus (Vs); (4) a caudal commissural zone of postcommissural (Vp) and intermediate (Vi) nuclei; and (5) a preoptic area (PP). The area dorsalis comprises: (1) medial (DM), (2) dorsal (Dd), (3) lateral [DL, containing dorsal (DLd), ventral (DLv), and posterior (DLp) regions], (4) posterior (DP), and (5) central (DC-1, -2, -3) areas. Nucleus taeniae (NT) is transitional between areas dorsalis and ventralis.
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    Larval morphology of the Nemertean Carcinonemertes epialti (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 61-70 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the newly hatched larva of Carcinonemertes epialti Coe has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The newly hatched larva is covered with cilia and measures about 110 μm in length. Four types of epidermal cells are recognizable: (1) Multiciliated cells, (2) vacuolated cells, (3) mucous cells, and (4) “knob cells”. The knob cells protrude from the posterior end of the larva and contain granules and bundles of microfilaments. The gut is incomplete and is located ventral to the bipartite proboscis. A bilobed brain and two subepidermal ocelli are found in the anterior end of the larva. The anterior and posterior cirri are composed of long, tightly appressed cilia that arise from an invagination of the epidermis at each end of the larva. The anterior cirrus is surrounded by two types of glandular cells. It is proposed that the knob cells have a role in larval attachment, combining the functions of the adhesive cells and anchor cells described in the duo-gland system of turbellarians. The cirri are believed to be larval sensory structures that function in substrate selection. Histological and ultrastructural observations suggest that the larvae of Carcinonemertes are relatively long lived and develop into juveniles without a drastic metamorphosis.
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    Carbohydrates in the webs of Argiope spiders (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 141-148 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glycoproteins are present in the web of the orb-weaving spiders Argiope trifasciata and Argiope aurantia. Periodic acid-Schriff reactive glyco-proteins are confined in large part, to the sticky spiral and sticky spiral-radial junctions. Glycoproteins containing amino sugars appear associated with all fibers, especially the radial fibers. Enzymes may be used to remove glycoproteins selectively from the sticky spiral and stabilimentum.
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    Morphology of the pineal organ in the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzi (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 191-206 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pineal organ of Ensatina eschscholtzi, a terrestrial and secretive species of salamander of the family Plethodontidae, is a photoreceptive structure lying on the dorsal surface of the diencephalon. The pineal is flattened with a broad lumen and consists of three cell types: photoreceptors, supportive cells, and neurons. Pineal photoreceptors are typical vertebrate photoreceptors and possess outer segment formations which, however, are frequently contorted and disorganized. Sloughing of apical portions of outer segments and vesiculation along the lateral edges of outer segment membrane disks are consistently observed and presumed to represent mechanisms of outer segment membrane recycling. Photoreceptors have basal processes which synapse with neural dendrites. Synapses between photoreceptor basal processes are occasionally observed. All synapses are characterized by synaptic ribbon structures of variable number, size, and configuration. Dense-core vesicles are occasionally observed mingled with clear synaptic vesicles within photoreceptor basal processes. Supportive cells within the pineal function in phagocytosis and recycling of shed outer segment membrane material, and neurons are localized at the lateral margins of the organ. The latter send axons into the ipsilateral side of the dorsal diencephalon. The pineal organ of Ensatina shows marked variation in overall size (cell total), cell type proportions, absolute neuron number, and ratio of photoreceptor number to neuron number for individual pineals. None of these morphological parameters is correlated with body size, sex, or season, and it is assumed that such variability represents significant variation in photosensory capabilities. It is suggested that the pineal organ of Ensatina is a partially degenerate photoreceptive structure.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690301
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    A Study of the influence of the ambient microflora on the structure of lung alveolar macrophages and an ultrastructural comparison of lung and peritoneal macrophages in germ-free and conventionally reared mice (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 283-291 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to investigate quantitatively and objectively the influence of the normal microbial flora on the ultrastructure of the alveolar macrophage, three groups of mice were studied stereologically: germ-free (GF), conventionally reared under non sterile isolation conditions (IC), and conventionally reared in an open environment (OC). The alveolar macrophages of GF mice possess a smaller mitochondrial compartment, possibly with fewer organelles, than the macrophages of conventional mice. Other influences of the normal microflora on alveolar macrophage substructure are obscured by the effects of nonmicrobial stimuli such as droplets of lung surfactant.No previous comparison exists of alveolar and peritoneal macrophage ultrastructure. Lung macrophages are larger than the phagocytes of the peritoneum, but the difference in size is much less than is commonly believed. Alveolar macrophages are rounder than peritoneal macrophages, and exhibit much less rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) as well as differences in mitochondrial morphometry. No difference in mitochondrial volume fraction exists between the two types of macrophage even though alveolar macrophages represent the extreme of aerobic adaptation in the mononuclear phagocyte system. Phagosomes occupy a significant fraction of cellular volume only in the alveolar macrophages. Moreover alveolar phagocytes contain fewer but larger lysosome-like granules than are found in peritoneal macrophages. The results represent the first objective, quantitative structural evidence confirming the common belief that alveolar macrophages experience greater physiological stimulation than peritoneal macrophages. The normal microflora accounts for only a small proportion of the differing degree of stimulation exerted on the two types of macrophage.
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    Comparative analysis of the development of the lizard, Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. II. A series of normal postlaying stages in embryonic development (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 337-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this work, we have completed a study of the development of the ovoviviparous lizard Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Ovoviviparity in this lizard is a condition in which eggs are retained within the reproductive duct for about 60 days. During this period the phases of segmentation, gastrulation, neurulation, presomitic, and somitic embryos transpire. During the months of December and January the eggs are laid, and at this time the embryos are comparable to stage 27 Liolaemus gravenhorsti lizard embryos, or to stage 29 Calotes versicolor lizard embryos. Differentiation of the facial region occurs between Days 12 and 42 after egg laying. Limbs develop rapidly between the 8th and 23rd days. By 53 days the appendicular skeleton is completely formed. After 36 days the mesonephros begins to degenerate, and its function is gradually taken over by the developing metanephros. Newborn lizards do not possess an egg caruncle. During the period up to hatching, there is a great increase of liquid within the egg, presumably amniotic fluid. Cracks develop in the leathery shell shortly before hatching and are, perhaps, the first sign of the onset of hatching. Increase of liquid in the egg during postlaying development accounts for its increase in weight and change in shape. Weight of the embryo at hatching does not exceed 32% of the total weight of the egg.
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    Comparative cardiac anatomy of the reptilia. IV. The coronary arterial circulation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 1-27 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The coronary arterial supply and associated structures have been examined and described for 29 species covering 11 reptilian families, with supplementary observations on other species. Variation in the origin, number, and configuration of coronary arterial vessels is mainly interfamilial and the same is true regarding the presence or absence of a gubernaculum cordis. It is suggested that the presence of a hitherto unrecognized intertruncal branch of the coronary artery has been responsible for much of the alleged intrafamilial variation reported in earlier literature. A general review of the cardiac blood supply and coronary arterial supply of other lower vertebrates is presented and used as a basis for interpreting phyletic and functional aspects of the reptilian conditions.
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    Histochemistry of lower vertebrate calcified structures. I. Enamel of the dogfish Squalus acanthius compared with mammalian enamel and homologous dentine (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 95-111 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enameloid and dentine of Squalus acanthius have been compared histochemically with those of Bos taurus. Squalus enameloid is much less reactive to a variety of stains or reagents than dentine or bovine immature enamel but it does have positive reactions with picromethyl blue, Mallory's and Van Gieson's stains, and Alcian blue. It stains faintly with Biebrich scarlet, indicating some anionic groups. Specific reactions for tyrosine, tryptophane, lysine, histidine, arginine, and cysteine are negative. Bos immature enamel is positive for cationic, anionic, and aromatic reactive groups by all test procedures, and dentine was positive for the anionic components. Bovine maturing enamel, however, is more similar in terms of lack of reactivity to Squalus enameloid but differed because the bovine enamel was moderately positive for tyrosine; tryptophane, and anionic groups and negative with Mallory's picromethyl blue and Van Gieson's stains. A fibrous transitional area between Squalus dentine and enameloid has staining reactions characteristic of both collagen and keratins.
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    Consequences of cell death after nitrogen mustard treatment on skeletal pelvic fin morphogenesis in the trout, Salmo gairdneri (Pisces, teleostei) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Five concentrations of nitrogen mustard (methyl-bis-chlorethylamine) have been administrated to different stages of development of trout embryos (Salmo gairdneri), in order to study their effect on the formation of both pelvic fins soft tissue and skeleton. Sensitivity of epidermis and mesoderm toward this cytotoxic agent has been assessed histologically. Although both components are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, mesoderm is more sensitive than epidermis. These results are compared with the results of similar studies on tetrapod limb buds. The pelvic fin skeleton of some treated animals was doubly stained in toto for cartilage and bone by Alcian blue and alizarin, followed by clearing. Other specimens were processed for histological serial sections. Analysis included comparison of the following parameters: (1) dose of nitrogen mustard, (2) stage of fin bud development at the time of treatment, (3) importance of necrosis in the fin bud, and (4) abnormalities of the endoskeleton of the fin (pelvic girdle and radials) and of the dermal skeleton (lepidotrichia and actinotrichia) one month after the hatching of control animals. Results suggest (1) that material of endoskeleton and lepidotrichia are laid down simultaneously, and (2) that differentiation of actinotrichia is independent of differentiation in endoskeleton and lepidotrichia.
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    Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 229-242 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Wild-collected adults of Bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. As a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing B. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the “normal” adult.Structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) Dorsal green skin contains a “typical” dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores. Red skin contains predominantly carotenoid-containing xanthophores (erythrophores), and skin from black spot areas contains only melanophores. (2) In ventral red skin, there is also a thin layer of deep-lying iridophores that presumably are not involved in the observed color pattern. (3) Xanthophores of red and green skin are morphologically distinguishable from each other. Dorsal skin xanthophores contain both pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles; ventral skin xanthophores contain only carotenoid vesicles. Carotenoid vesicles in dorsal xanthophores are much larger but less electron dense than comparable structures in ventral xanthophores.The presence of carotenes in ventral skin accounts for the bright red-orange color of the belly of this frog. Similar pigments are also present in green skin, but in smaller quantities and in conjunction with both colored (yellow) and colorless pteridines. From spectral data obtained for xanthophore pigments and structural data obtained from the size and arrangement of reflecting platelets in the iridophore layer, we attempt to explain the phenomenon of observed green color in B. orientalis.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800101
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    Intercellular bridges in ovaries of the newborn gerbil (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes intercellular bridges in the ovaries of neonatal gerbils. Electron microscopy has revealed the presence of true intercellular bridges, connecting oogonia or oocytes, in ovaries of newborn gerbils. The cytoplasm of the intercellular channels is similar to that of the connected cells, with mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes present. Lysosomes are also occasionally present in the intercellular bridges and they may be involved in early waves of oocyte atresia. An electrondense substance, 350-500 Å thick, is located immediately beneath the unit membrane of the intercellular bridges. Accumulation of electron-dense material increases the thickness of the walls of the intercellular bridges, supporting and maintaining the patency of the channels. It is suggested that the intercellular channels probably allow the interchange of nutrients, organelles, and possibly regulatory materials as well.
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    Comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial fox squirrel, Sciurus nlger (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial tree squirrel, Sciurus niger, was focused on the musculoskeletal design for digging in the former and climbing in the latter. Based on lever arm mechanics, it was expected that the forelimb of the prairie dog would show features appropriate to the production of relatively large forces and that of the fox squirrel to relatively great velocity. Force and lever arm measurements were made of select forelimb muscles at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints for a series of angles in both species. Contraction time and fatigue indexes were determined for the same forelimb muscles. Contrary to expectation, in the few cases in which significant (P 〈 .05) differences were found, the forces, lever arms, and torques (force times its lever arm) were greater in the smaller fox squirrel. The observed variation in the torques produced fits the demands on the forelimb during climbing and digging as estimated from films. Several forelimb muscles of the fox squirrel show significantly higher mean contraction times than do the homologous muscles of the prairie dog. There were no significant differences between the two species in the fatigability of the selected forelimb muscles, although the mean fatigue index was always higher (less fatigable muscle) in the prairie dog. Similarities in the forelimbs of these two sciurids suggest that only minor modifications may have been required of the ancestral forelimb in order for descendent forms to operate successfully as climbers and diggers.
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    The stomatogastric nervous system of the house cricket Acheta domesticus L. II. Iontophoretic study of neuron anatomy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 105-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy of neurons of the stomatogastric nervous system of Ascheta domesticus was studied using heavy metal iontophoresis through cut nerve ends followed by silver intensification. Nineteen categories of neuron are described and compared with neurons known from the stomatogastric nervous system of other insects. Possible functions for the neurons are suggested. Motor neuron candidates are suggested for all parts of the gut served by the stomatogastric nervous system, and axons of sensory neurons of the anterior pharynx are located. There are four neuron types that cannot readily be assigned motor, sensory, or interneuron functions: large dorsal cells of the frontal ganglion; the two neurons of the nervus connectivus, and two categories of neurons in the median neurosecretory cell group of the pars intercerebralis, the axons of which are contained in the stomatogastric nerves.
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    Antennal receptors in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. I. The gigantic central projection of the pedicellar campaniform sensillum (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the pedicellar segment of the fly antenna there is a large campaniform sensillum. The central projection of the sensory cell (LCC) of this large campaniform sensillum is described from labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cobalt. The LCC projects bilaterally to several regions of the brain and subesophageal and thoracic ganglia. The LCC processes in these termination areas were analyzed in relation to other neural processes, including the remaining antennal sensory and motor projection. This analysis was aided by combining HRP labeling with Golgi silver impregnation. Based on earlier findings and the present data we suggest that the LCC, with its various outputs in, e.g., antennal and leg motor centers, serves as a multifunctional sensory path involved in control functions necessary in flight.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800301
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    Alterations of endocrine pancreas B cells in a sahelian reptile (Varanus exanthematicus) during starvation (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During the long starvation period (November to June) of the lizard (Varanus exanthematicus), pancreatic B cells undergo profound modification. The degeneration of β granules observed in electron microscopy appears correlated with the diminution of the immunoreactive insulin-like content of the pancreas. The analogy between the phenomena observed here and those reported in animals treated with alloxan is discussed.
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    Structure, crystallography, and morphogenesis of the cryptic shell of the terrestrial slug Limax maximus (Mollusca, gastropoda) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure and crystallography of the internal shell of the pulmonate gastropod slug Limax maximus were studied at the levels of light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing patterns of shell ontogeny and morphogenesis. The calcified portion of the slightly convex ovoid shell is composed of a single palisade layer of calcitic crystals. Numerous projections, 100 μm in width at the dorsal tip, are found on the dorsal surface of the shell and coincide with local nucleation sites of primordial calcium salt deposition onto the periostracum. With continued calcification these projections coalesce ventrally, forming the single crystalline shell layer. The organic portion of the shell includes the periostracum and an extensive PAS-staining conchiolin. In EDTA-etched preparations, conchiolin appears as a spongy network of fibers throughout the shell. Both horizontal and vertical components of the conchiolin are present, the former of variable thickness and occurring in an intercrystalline manner, the latter always occurring normal to the horizontal set. Macromorphogenic growth is characterized by three distinct temporal stages. Primary growth occurs radially from the umbonal region. Secondary growth is synonymous with shell thickening. Tertiary growth is characterized by both a lateral component, in which the shell extends beyond the primary growth boundaries, and a ventral component, in which the shell continues to grow in thickness. SEM of the ventral shell surface reveals a pattern of growth at the crystalmatrix interface. Proteinaceous fibers of the conchiolin occur unidirectionally in horizontal rows. Zones of incipient calcitic crystallization onto these hypostracal fiber bundles are contrasted by zones of increasing crystallization until the fibrous template (reduced hypostracum) is completely covered by crystals.
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    Ultrastructure of a complex epithelial system: The pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 271-296 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy shows that the pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus is a structurally complex epithelial system that can be separated into eight epithelial types: gill lamellar, gill interlamellar, goblet cell, protective, terminal (taste) bud, preciliated, ciliated in tracts, and ciliated in grooves. Furthermore, these epithelial types encompass at least sixteen different cell types based on ultrastructure and, in some cases, correlative histochemistry (PAS, Alcian blue). Common to nearly all the epithelial types are basal cells and intermediate cells. These two cell types are seen as undifferentiated. Among mature cells, structural specialization as proceeded in three directions: (1) elaboration of mitochondria, probably related to molecular transport (ion-uptake cells, chloride cells); (2) ciliogenesis (preciliated and ciliated cell types); and (3) production of mucous secretory granules (mucous-platelet cells, goblet cells, superficial protective cells, columnar mucous cells, “cobblestone” cells, and marginal and dark cells in the terminal buds). Many of the functions of the cell types relate to the process of suspension feeding in this animal.
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    A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A small short muscle frequently acts across a joint in parallel with a vastly larger and longer muscle; therefore it should play a minimal role in the mechanical control of that joint. This study provides evidence suggesting that the small member of such a “parallel muscle combination” (PMC) may serve an important sensory feedback role. The spindle densities of large and small members of PMCs in man and the dog were determined and compared. Epaxial PMCs controlling canine intervertebral joints were dissected and tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned transversely to the muscles' long axis and, stained with hematoxylin-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Representative tissue sections were projected on to stereological grids and the percentage volume of spindles was determined. Data existing in the literature were used to ascertain spindle densities in human PMCs controlling joints in the cervico-occipital region and the extremities. The spindle density for each muscle in a group of PMCs controlling a particular motion was listed, and the mean spindle densities were determined for both the large and the small members of the group. Student's unpaired t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between mean spindle densities. Linear regression was calculated and the data were plotted graphically.In all PMCs examined, the spindle density of the small muscles was significantly higher than that of their large counterparts. It is therefore proposed that the small muscles of PMCs may function as “kinesiological monitors” generating important proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system.
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    Histomorophological studies of the female reproductive system of Platynotus punctatipennis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The internal reproductive apparatus of female Platynotus punctatipennis is composed of the paired ovaries, paired lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermatheca associated with its accessory gland, and a bursa copulatrix. The accessory (colleterial) glands are absent. The ovary is made up of a large number of telotrophic ovarioles which are covered by a double-layered peritoneal sheath. The terminal filament is separated from the germarium by the basement membrane of the latter and consists of a syncytial core surrounded by the peritoneal sheath. Nutritive cords are absent. The pedicel shows highly eosinophilic and PAS-positive secretion of obscure origin. The spermatheca reveals a number of interesting features. It is composed of a pair of sperm-storing tubules, enclosed in a very thin muscle layer. A winecup-like structure, provided with a thick coat of circular muscles, connects the spermathecal gland with thespermathecal duct. Four types of intimal linings occur in the spermatheca and its associated structures. The wine-cup-like connection and four types of intima are entirely new features observed. Histology of the various parts of the reproductive apparatus is described.
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    Mesodermal organogenesis in the embryo of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki (Lepidoptera, Micropterygidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 29-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation of somites, coelomic sacs, splanchnic mesoderm, fat bodies, circular system, gonads, and musculature in the embryo of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki, is described. The following paired somites are formed: the labral, antennal, intercalary, mandibular, maxillary, labial, three thoracic, and 11 abdominal. Small but distinct coelomic cavities appear in all these somites. Labral somites differentiate into the labral muscles, stomodaeal muscles, and dorsal dilator muscles of the pharynx. Antennal somites differentiate into the antennal muscles, aorta, and the ventral dilator muscles of the pharynx. Intercalary somites are short-lived, disintegrating to liberate many free cells into the yolk. The suboesophageal body is not formed. Mandibular somites differentiate into the mandibular flexor and extensor muscles. Maxillary and labial somites differentiate into the splanchnic mesoderm, fat bodies, and into muscles of the maxillolabial region. Three pairs of thoracic and ten pairs of abdominal somites split into the splanchric and somatic mesoderm. The 11th abdominal somites merge into the proctodaeal mesoderm, and differentiate into the musculature of the hindgut. The heart is formed by the fusion of the cardioblasts derived from the first thoracic to the tenth abdominal segment. The aorta arises from the antennal median mesoderm. Blood cells are derived from the median mesodermal cells of the maxillary to the tenth abdominal segment. Germ cells appear at the mediodorsal corner of each somite in the fifth abdominal segment. They become enclosed with a mesodermal sheath to form a pair of rudimentary gonads in this segment. Major muscles in the head, thorax, and abdomen of the fully grown embryo are described.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810201
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    Architectural and histochemical analysis of the semitendinousus muscle in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 155-160 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The architectural and histochemical properties of the anatomically distinct compartments of the semitendinosus muscle (ST) of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits show that the ST is composed of two separate compartments aligned in series - a destal compartment (STd) and a proximal one (STp). The STp is further subdivided into a ventral head (STpv) and a dorsal head (STpd). The muscle fibers were arranged in parallel to the line of muscle pull within each compartment. The STd has the longest and the STpv the shortest fibers in all species. The physiological cross-sectional area and the estimated tetanic tension was greatest in the STd. Based on the staining pattern for myosin ATPase (alkaline preincubation) and an oxidative indicator (NADH or SDH), the STpv has the highest percentage of slow-oxidative (SO) or SO plus fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers of any portion of the muscle. The differences in fiber-type distributions and architectural designs of the separate compartments suggest a specialization of function of the individual compartments.
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    Morphology and ultrastructure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 97-131 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three-dimensional structure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus and the relationship between its sensory cells and concretion are described using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, with chemical treatment for cell lysis, calcium chelation, glycogen staining, and lanthanum labelling. The organ is encapsulated and has three units called fuselli. Each is enclosed by two fusellar cells which generate and release calcium granule strands into the cores of the fusellar concretions, which are united in the center of the organ. The surface of each fusellus is traversed by spiral dendrites entering dorsally and ending ventrally. The spiral dendrites arise from sensory neurons contained in a palm-shaped ganglion in the center of the capsule, beyond which they are twisted like a rope before reaching the concretion. The spiral dendrites are linked in pairs by gap and tight junctions and each gives origin to two pairs of 9+0 sensory cilia 30 μm apart. The ciliary distal segments give rise to long tubules which are in contact with the calcium granule strands. The ciliary proximal segments are expanded by many long mitochondria which interdigitate with the branched striated ciliary rootlets. The concretion is suspended in the capsule cavity by axons originating from four neurons of a remote mechanoreceptor. The structure of the organ suggests that it is a sensory organ involved in the reception and integration of a variety of stimuli.
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    Electron microscopic study of the innervation of the renal tubules and urinary bladder epithelium in Rana catesbeiana and Necturus maculosus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the kidney and the bladder of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), the bullfrog tadpole, and the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) were studied with special attention to the innervation of renal tubule cells and bladder epithelial cells. In the bullfrog kidney, nerve terminals and varicosities were frequently associated with the tubule cells, apparently in an increasing order from the proximal tubule to the connecting tubule. Although these terminals and varicosities did not directly contact the tubular cell membrane, an aggregation of synaptic vesicles on the side facing the tubule was considered as morphological evidence that neurotransmitter can be released here and can affect the transport activity of the tubule cells. The association of nerve varicosities with canaliculi cells in the connecting tubule was also demonstrated. In the bullfrog tadpoles, renal tubule cells were occasionally innervated. In the mudpuppy, renal tubule cells were only poorly innervated. The epithelium of the bullfrog bladder was commonly innervated. Nerve terminals with synaptic vesicles were located very near basal cells and even contacted them directly on rare occasions. In the mudpuppy, the innervation of the bladder epithelium was observed infrequently. The bullfrog tadpoles did not possess an apparent bladder. In all materials studied, renal arterioles and bladder smooth muscle cells were innervated.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Studies in the development of the opossum didelphys Virgiana L. I. History ofthe early cleavage. II. The formation of the blastocyst (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 1-83 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Organs of special sense of prorhynchus applanatus kennel (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 163-177 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Form and growth in fishes (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 379-400 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Masthead (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Tooth development in dasypus novemcinctus (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 647-691 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    On the sinus paranasales of two early tertiary mammals (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 28 (1916), S. 135-144 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The development of paravortex gemellipara (graffilla gemellipara linton) (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 453-557 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The chondrocranium of a 20 MM. Human embryo (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 27 (1916), S. 605-645 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Experimental control and modification of larval development in the sea urchin in relation to the axial gradients (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 28 (1916), S. 65-133 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Photogenic organs and embryology of lampyrids (1916)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 28 (1916), S. 145-207 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The development of the skull of Ptyodactylus hasselquistii. I. The development of the chondrocranium (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 63-93 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Tetrapod parallelisms and other features in the functional morphology of the blood vascular system of Fluta alba Zuiew (pisces: Teleostei) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 131-143 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    A study of the relationship between the pronephros and the haploid syndrome in frog larvaeSubmitted to the faculty of the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 203-217 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961) 
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    An experimental study of ova reception and some related phenomena in the rabbitThis investigation was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (G-9938) and from the Population Council, N. Y. (grant 3031).Scientific Paper no. 1963, Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations, Pullman. Project no. 1473. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 327-353 
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    Inhibitory control of neural differentiation in explants of Rana pipiens gastrula ectodermRevision of a thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology of the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.This work was supported during 1959-60 by a National Science Foundation Grant (NSF-G8770) administered by Dr. S. M. Rose. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 311-326 
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    Polarized inhibitory control of differentiation in the early chick embryo, studied in VitroThesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Zoology, University of Illinois.This investigation was carried out during the tenure of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, United States Public Health Service. Also supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant 8770 administered by Dr. S. Meryl Rose. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 355-376 
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    The adult morphology of the olfactory organs of the egyptian toad, Bufo regularis reuss (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 1-17 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The osteology of the red eye bass, micropterus coosae (Hubbs and Bailey) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 19-36 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Microphthalmia and optic blood supply in the rat (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 37-55 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The surface pattern of the nasal mucosa and its relation to mucous flow-a study of chicken and herring gull nasal mucosaeThese studies are supported by NSF-G9874. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 57-71 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961) 
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    Congenital teratomata in the guppy, Lebistes reticulatusAided by a grant from the American Cancer Society, Illinois Division. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 93-113 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Tooth histology as a taxonomic criterion for cartilaginous fishes (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 73-92 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The accessory respiratory organs of Clarias batrachus (Linn.)This paper formed part of a thesis approved for the Ph.D. degree by the Banaras Hindu University in 1959. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 115-139 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Development of cleft palate in mice homozygous for the shorthead mutation (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 151-157 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    A mutation in mice producing dwarfism, brachycephaly, cleft palate and micromelia (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 141-149 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Fine structure of “intracellular ductules” in certain glands of the carabid beetleThis investigation was aided by grants RG-4706 and 5479 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, and grant G-9879 from the National Science Foundation. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 159-171 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Musculature and innervation of the pelvis and hind limb of the mountain beaver (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 173-197 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The embryology of Habrobracon juglandis (Ashmead) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 199-217 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Cytological changes in the teleost pituitary gland associated with the reproductive cycleThis work was supported in part by the Vassie James Hill Fellowship awarded by the American Association of University Women. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 219-235 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Studies on the cephalic musculature of adult Ictinus angulosus selys (Odonata, Anisoptera, Gomphidae, Ictinae) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 237-249 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Anatomy and development of racial hybrids of Rana pipiensSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 251-268 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Studies on the development, succession and replacement of teeth in the frog Hyla cinerea (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 279-287 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Development of cells in differentiating urodele pituitaries showing RNA and alkaline phosphatase characteristics associated with the beginning of secretionRevision of part of a dissertation presented by Rondell H. Rhodes for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 269-278 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Experimental regeneration of the caudal skeleton of the glass knifefish, Eigenmannia virescens (Rhamphichthydae, Gymnotoidei) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 121-135 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: This paper describes the regeneration of the caudal axial skeleton after amputation of the tail, including about 20 vertebrae, in the gymnotoid fish Eigenmannia virescens. Seven days after amputation, a regeneration blastema developed and soft tissues degenerated. A cylinder of cartilage developed at the end of the notochord. When this cartilage was about 10 mm long (21 days), perichondral ossification began. The cartilage continued to elongate and ossification increased while osteoclasts began to destroy the cartilage ventrally. Finally, a bony rod formed and at its tip the cartilage persisted as a rod, 2 to 3 mm long. The anal fin also regenerated: Endoskeletal cartilage developed first, following by differentiation of the lepidotrichia, and finally ossification of the endoskeleton.
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    Buoyancy adaptations in a swim-bladderless Antarctic fish (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 91-102 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The endemic Antarctic teleosts of the suborder Notothenioidei are bottom dwellers. They lack swim bladders, are heavier than seawater, and feed on or near the bottom. The midwaters surrounding the Antarctic continent are productive and underutilized by fishes. There is an evolutionary trend toward pelagism in some notothenioids. We discovered that the largest Antarctic fish, Dissostichus mawsoni, was neutrally buoyant. Attainment of neutral buoyancy was associated with specializations of the skeletal, integumentary, muscular, and digestive systems. The skeleton had a low mineral content and contained considerable cartilage. Scales were also incompletely mineralized. Static lift was obtained from extensive lipid (mostly triglyceride) deposits. A 2-8 mm subcutaneous lipid layer accounted for 4.7% of the body weight. White muscle also contained much lipid-23% on a dry weight basis, or 4.8% of the body weight. Microscopic examination suggested that the liver was active in lipid metabolism, although it was not an organ of buoyancy. Stellate (perisinusoidal) cells with many lipid droplets were a very prominent cytological component of the liver. These specializations made Dissostichus neutrally buoyant and capable of inhabiting the food-rich Antarctic midwaters.
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    Correlation of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP immunofluorescence with cytochemical patterns during dormancy release and development from gemmules in Spongilla lacustris L. (Porifera: Spongillidae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 53-63 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spongillid freshwater sponges asexually produce an encapsulated dormant stage, the gemmule. With release from dormancy, internal, yolk-laden, binucleate thesocytes differentiate into histoblasts or archeocytes. The histoblasts emerging first from the gemmule form the initial pinacoderm of the hatching sponge. Immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the distribution of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) following dormancy release and during gemmule germination and hatching in the freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris L. Cyclic nucleotide fluorescence patterns were analyzed in relation to the distribution of cytochemically demonstrable macromolecular constituents and intracellular organelles. Twenty-four hours following temperature-activated release from dormancy, cGMP fluorescence levels are elevated in thesocytes at the gemmule periphery prior to histoblast formation. The cAMP fluorescence in the gemmule also occurs first in those thesocytes differentiating into histoblasts. Cytochemical patterns in germinating gemmules are comparable with those described by Ruthmann ('65) and Tessenow ('69). However, cytochemically demonstrable events of cytodifferentiation follow the earlier appearance of cGMP and cAMP in the histoblast precursors by approximately 12 hours. In addition, cGMP appears to be associated with the membranes of cytoplasmic organelles, possibly lysosomes or lipid inclusions, in the region of vitelline platelets and with symbiotic algae. cAMP is located primarily on the membranes of the vitelline platelets and on membranes of vacuoles involved in forming the spicular skeleton These observations suggest that cGMP and cAMP are involved in the mobilization of nutrient reserves and in ion transport during dormancy release and development from gemmules in freshwater sponges.
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    The cranial nerves of the teleost Trichiurus lepturus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 119-134 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cranial nerves of the cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus, were described from their external brain origin to their most distal points. The nervus olfactorius, nervus opticus, nervus oculomotorius, nervus trochlearis, nervus abducens, nervus glossopharyngeus, and nervus vagus of Trichiurus are characteristic of teleosts. The cephalic autonomic nervous system also follows the general scheme for teleosts.Atypical patterns are exhibited by portions of the ramus mandibularis facialis, ramus mandibularis trigemini, nervus stato-acusticus, and nervus lineae later-alis. A cutaneous ramus mandibularis externus facialis arises from the ramus mandibularis; this cutaneous nerve has been recorded specifically in only certain siluroid catfish. A connection from the ramus mandibularis trigemini to the cutaneous ramus mandibularis externus facialis is present; an equivalent of this connection has been reported only in the silversides, Menidia, and the siluroid catfish Parasilurus. This nerve pattern probably represents an archaic arrangement. The nervus stato-acusticus of Trichiurus is typical for teleosts, except for a branch extending from the posterior part of the nerve; this branch sends connections to the nervus lineae lateralis and then exits the cranium via the vagus foramen. Connections between the nervus lineae lateralis and the nervus stato-acusticus have previously been reported in only the hatchetfish, Argyropelecus, and the bristle-mouth, Cyclothone. This condition may represent a specialized adaptation of certain mesopelagic teleosts having extreme vertical-migration capabilities.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670111
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670301
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  • 98
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    Morphological evidence for probable secreting site for the pheromone “seducin” in males of Nauphoeta cinerea. I. Light microscope studies (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Males of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), possess a thickened secretory epithelium limited to the inner surfaces of sternites three to seven and tergites two to eight. The epithelium consists of three cell types: 1. large columnar secretory cells, 2. squamous nonsecretory cells, and 3. duct cells. Type 1 cells constitute the innermost layer and contain large nuclei and vacuoles, which are especially prominent in the epidermis of older males. This cell type may be involved in “seducin” secretion. Type 2 cells lie in the narrow basophilic zone which separates the secretory cells from the cuticle. Here, cellular boundaries are poorly defined. Type 3 cells with condensed nuclei are associated with cuticular ductules leading from the epidermis to the exocuticle. The epidermal height in the secretory zone of the sclerites approaches 40-200 μm depending on the age of the male. The changes in appearance of the secretory cells (increase in height and vacuolation) indicate heightened secretory activity. This is supported by the results obtained when extracts of these regions from different aged males are bioassayed for pheromone (Dimeo et al., '78). A striking difference in the morphology of the cuticle and epidermis of the secretory halves of sternite and tergal integument is noticeable.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680209
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  • 99
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    A quantitative analysis of mitotic gradients during early development in Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. (Diptera) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic waves during superficial cleavage and early gastrulation were analyzed quantitatively in Calliphora. Three consecutive patterns are present: (1) a monotonic anterioposterior mitotic gradient during early superficial cleavage; (2) a double mitotic gradient from the anterior and posterior poles during superficial cleavage, especially toward the end of the period; and (3) more complicated patterns with intermediate mitotic centers during the last superficial cleavage division and during early gastrulation. Mitotic gradients are absent in many eggs during early superficial cleavage, but they then become ubiquitous. The gradients are longitudinal; no transverse component was detected before gastrulation. Anterior and posterior gradient patterns are not mirror images of each other; mitotic activity always starts earlier anteriorly. The gradients are accompanied by a pronounced increase in interphase length. The mitotic gradients are compared with the morphogenetic gradients predicted in a current model for pattern specification in insect eggs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680210
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  • 100
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    Digital morphology in Varanus and Iguana (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Marked tendinous bands lie along the lateral sides of the fingers in Varanus and Iguana and have asymmetrical roots in the metacarpal region. The radial band of each finger represents the distal extension of an oblique band arising at an ulno-dorsally located line in the proximal part of the metacarpal, whereas the ulnar bands each form a tendinous extension of an interosseus muscle bundle. The function of this metacarpo-digital system must be seen in relation to the deformations of the hand, imposed during locomotion by longitudinal rotation of the forearm. The latter motion results from the foreward and backward sway of the humerus with the elbow bent at 90°.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680305
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