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  • Books  (6)
  • research and development
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  • 1
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: A clear-eyed examination of the open access movement: past history, current conflicts, and future possibilities.Open access (OA) could one day put the sum of human knowledge at our fingertips. But the goal of allowing everyone to read everything faces fierce resistance. In Athena Unbound, Peter Baldwin offers an up-to-date look at the ideals and history behind OA, and unpacks the controversies that arise when the dream of limitless information slams into entrenched interests in favor of the status quo. In addition to providing a clear analysis of the debates, Baldwin focuses on thorny issues such as copyright and ways to pay for “free” knowledge. He also provides a roadmap that would make OA economically viable and, as a result, advance one of humanity's age-old ambitions.Baldwin addresses the arguments in terms of disseminating scientific research, the history of intellectual property and copyright, and the development of the university and research establishment. As he notes, the hard sciences have already created a funding model that increasingly provides open access, but at the cost of crowding out the humanities. Baldwin proposes a new system that would shift costs from consumers to producers and free scholarly knowledge from the paywalls and institutional barriers that keep it from much of the world.Rich in detail and free of jargon, Athena Unbound is an essential primer on the state of the global open access movement.
    Keywords: Open access ; science ; scholarship ; academic knowledge ; dissemination of knowledge ; peer review ; moral rights ; networking ; collaboration ; author's rights ; work-for-hire ; copyright ; Romantic authorship ; libraries ; serials crisis ; article processing charges ; controlled digital lending ; intellectual property ; social media ; research and development ; privacy ; social justice ; public domain ; postmodernism ; version of record ; predatory journals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNR Intellectual property law::LNRC Copyright law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNR Intellectual property law::LNRC Copyright law
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Buildings consume about 40% of the global energy. Therefore, the building sector plays a key role in achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Various energy-saving technologies for buildings, such as building envelops, mechanical systems, and energy resources, have been developed to help to achieve zero- or even net-energy buildings while maintaining comfort and a healthy indoor environment. This Special Issue on building energy-saving technology was open to all contributors in the field of building engineering. The original experimental studies, numerical simulations, and reviews in all aspects of building energy utilization, management, and optimization have been considered. For this event, all of these topics were covered in the extensive submissions which were accepted, but interesting papers on other aspects of building energy efficiency were also received. In this reprint, the main research findings of the accepted papers in the Special Issue, including the energy-saving technologies involved in building envelops, mechanical systems, are summarized, and occupant behaviors, and a number of research questions and research directions are identified.
    Keywords: hotel energy conservation ; TPB ; personal norms ; past behaviour ; self-determination ; guest behaviour ; pro-environmental behaviour ; carbon peak ; carbon neutrality ; energy consumption ; vacuum refrigerator ; sealing door ; TRNSYS 16 ; MRT ; SET* ; surface temperature ; latitudes ; thermal environment ; urban building energy modelling ; physical-based bottom-up ; building energy use ; building types ; thermal bridges ; thermal transmittance ; thermal insulation ; passive energy buildings ; window ; building envelop ; solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) ; energy efficiency ; research and development ; China ; nZEB buildings ; energy codes ; building energy models ; Código Técnico de la Edificación ; thermal waves ; comfort ; data-driven ; electricity consumption ; prediction model ; gas consumption ; building efficiency ; energy saving ; sustainable building ; thermal conductivity ; 3D printing ; 3D-printed concrete walls ; building energy efficiency ; passive house ; apartment ; ventilative cooling ; sunshade ; structural insulated panels (SIPs) ; thermal analyses ; multi-scale finite element modeling ; parametric analysis ; emergy ; production-living-ecology ; human settlement unit ; system dynamic ; emergy evaluation indices ; semitransparent PV ; colored PV ; BIPV ; net-zero energy building ; sustainable environment ; energy disaggregation ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; multi-target learning ; home energy monitoring ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: A proposal for moving from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy, reviewing theory and evidence on economic incentives for innovation. Competition policy and antitrust enforcement have traditionally focused on prices rather than innovation. Economic theory shows the ways that price competition benefits consumers; and courts, antitrust agencies, and economists have developed tools for the quantitative evaluation of price impacts. Antitrust law does not preclude interventions to encourage innovation, but over time the interpretation of the laws has raised obstacles to enforcement policies for innovation. In this book, economist Richard Gilbert proposes a shift from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy. Antitrust enforcement should be concerned with protecting incentives for innovation and preserving opportunities for dynamic, rather than static, competition. In a high-technology economy, Gilbert argues, innovation matters. Gilbert considers both theory and available empirical evidence on the relationships among market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services. He reviews the distinctive features of the high-tech economy and why current analytical tools used by antitrust enforcers aren't up to the task of assessing innovation concerns. He considers, from the perspective of innovation competition, Kenneth Arrow's “replacement effect” and the Schumpeterian theory of market power and appropriation; discusses the effect of mergers on innovation and future price competition; and reviews the empirical literature on competition, mergers, and innovation. He describes examples of merger enforcement by US and European antitrust agencies; examines cases brought against Microsoft and Google; and discusses the risks and benefits of interoperability standards. Finally, he offers recommendations for competition policy.
    Keywords: competition ; innovation ; antitrust ; mergers ; acquisitions ; research and development ; R&D ; monopoly ; antitrust policy ; Google ; Microsoft ; European Commission ; Justice Department ; FTC ; Arrow ; Schumpeter ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCD Economics of industrial organisation ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNC Company, commercial & competition law::LNCH Competition law / Antitrust law ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Developing sustainable organic agriculture and resilient agribusiness sector is fundamental, keeping in mind the value of the opportunity presented by the growing demand for healthy and safe food globally, with the expectation for the global population to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, and 11 billion by 2100.Lately, the main threats in Europe, and worldwide, are the increasingly dynamic climate change and economic factors related to currency fluctuations. While the current environmental policy provides several mechanisms to support agribusinesses in mitigating organic food for daily increasing human population and stability of the currency, it does not contemplate the relative readiness of individuals and businesses to act correctly.Organic farming is the practice that relies more on using sustainable methods to cultivate crops and produce food animals, avoiding chemicals and dietary synthetic drug inputs that do not belong to the natural ecosystem. Organic agriculture can also contribute to meaningful socioeconomic, ecologically sustainable development, and significantly in the development of the agribusiness sector, especially in developing countries.
    Keywords: Moringa oleifera ; Japanese quail ; fertility ; egg production ; livestock ; agriculture ; organic production ; land ; taxation ; tax incentives ; income ; revenue ; property ; medicinal plants ; sustainable ; poultry ; organic ; eggs ; fatty acids ; organic farming ; production structure ; production intensity ; Ukraine ; meat ; biotic ; natural ; economic efficiency ; costs ; willingness to pay ; honey ; local ; Serbia ; bank ; job satisfaction ; team ; rural ; urban ; the Republic of Serbia ; biomass ; crop residue ; crop production ; energy purposes ; sustainability ; apiculture investment ; research and development ; beekeepers ; geographical origin ; food ; label ; Apis mellifera ; Nosema spp. ; Protofil® ; biochemical analysis ; sustainable livestock production ; added value ; buffalo milk ; dairy products ; chemical composition ; nutritional properties ; kids ; Garganica ; Maltese ; Derivata di Siria ; meat quality ; biodiversity ; marketing in higher education ; marketing mix instruments in higher education ; higher education institutions ; students’ satisfaction ; Republic of Serbia ; Spain ; dyslipidemia ; sea buckthorn ; grape ; high-fat diet ; rats ; phytotherapy ; atorvastatin ; sustainable development ; sustainable tourism development ; rural tourism ; image of a rural tourism destination ; cognitive component ; dimensions of the cognitive component ; farm development ; farm machinery ; labor ; farm investment ; productivity ; sustainable public procurement (SPP) ; green public procurement (GPP) ; consumer behavior ; GPP barriers ; green Romanian agriculture ; consumption ; green marketing ; organic consumer ; cost-effectiveness ; flame weeding ; maize ; organic agricultural production ; plant protection product residues ; organic and conventional agriculture ; LC-MS/MS ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: As it is a goal to eliminate human African trypanosomiasis (HAT; sleeping sickness) as a public health problem by 2020 and interrupt transmission by 2030, this is a good moment to reflect on what we have achieved, what we want to achieve, and what could get in our way. HAT has a reputation for spectacular reappearances, and the latest peak of 40,000 reported and over 300,000 estimated cases only dates back to 1998. Efforts of the WHO and partners as well as the development of simpler and much better-tolerated treatments, improved diagnostics, and vector control tools made it possible to reduce this number by 95%. Case identification and confirmation remain complex and require specific skills, treatment remains error-prone and reports on long-term survivors have emerged, and the relevance of the animal reservoir for T. b. gambiense HAT needs clarification. In addition, to win the “end game” against this massively stigmatized disease, the human factor will play a key role. This Special Issue addresses many of the burning topics about disease elimination in its 12 research and 7 review articles and one case study. The papers critically reflect the approaches used, investigate the mentioned challenges, and propose novel approaches and interventions from various points of view.
    Keywords: (+)-spectaline ; iso-6-spectaline ; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ; autophagy ; apoptosis ; cross-talk ; trypanosomosis ; iron ; transferrin ; transferrin receptor ; nutritional immunity ; flagellar pocket ; Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) ; mydriasis ; neurological signs ; eradication ; re-emergence ; human African trypanosomiasis ; treatment ; melarsoprol ; adverse event ; encephalopathy ; human leukocyte antigen ; association study ; disease elimination ; disease eradication ; frontline workers ; DR Congo ; mobile screening ; qualitative methods ; sequelae ; serology ; oligosymptomatic HAT ; product development partnerships ; research and development ; medical innovation ; donor policy ; African trypanosomiasis ; sleeping sickness ; trypanosoma brucei ; drugs ; drug resistance ; history ; human Africa trypanosomiasis ; fexinidazole ; home-based treatment ; patient-centred care ; Uganda ; elimination ; T. b. gambiense ; g-HAT ; T. b. rhodesiense ; r-HAT ; neglected tropical diseases ; Trypanosoma brucei ; drug discovery ; high-throughput screening ; blood–brain barrier ; brain permeability ; pharmacology ; phenotypic drug screening ; Haemoparasites ; animal reservoirs ; Trypanosoma growth inhibitors ; chemotherapy ; pafuramidine ; acoziborole ; African sleeping sickness ; development of treatment ; suramin ; medical history ; political history ; clinical research ; health system strengthening ; South Sudan ; diagnosis ; symptoms ; treatment-seeking ; case detection ; embodiment ; expertise ; serendipity ; CATT positive serological suspects ; active follow-up strategy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: research and development ; R&D ; research transfer
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter: R&D Trends and Evolution - Emerging Concepts, Frameworks, Policies, Management Systems, and Applications by Soha Maad --- Chapter 2: Human Development and Research-Development-Extension Relationships by Orhan Özçatalbaş --- Chapter 3: SMEs Development through Public and Private Partnerships: The Key Role of Research Transfer and Patent Information Analysis by Henri Dou --- Chapter 4: Smart Microgrids: Optimizing Local Resources toward Increased Efficiency and a More Sustainable Growth by Wilfried Elmenreich, Tamer Khatib and Andrea Monacchi --- Chapter 5: Assessing the Possible Potential in Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Application of a Proven Hybrid Method by Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju and Charles Mbohwa --- Chapter 6: Research and Devolopment about Metallurgical Industry of Romania by Adrian Ioana, Augustin Semenescu and Mihnea Costoiu
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535134800
    Language: English
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