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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Annals of operations research 97 (2000), S. 111-129 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: repo contracts ; portfolio management ; linear programming ; 90A09 ; 90C05 ; 68U20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a model for management of bond portfolio including financing and investment repo contracts. Different specifications are suggested in order to reduce the problem to a linear programming problem and to consider a self-financing portfolio. The models are tested on historical data assuming a technical time scale equal to the minimum length of the contracts in the portfolio. We also compared different operative strategies on a time horizon of one month.
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  • 2
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    Annals of operations research 99 (2000), S. 95-122 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: cutting plane ; path following ; analytic center ; linear programming ; convex programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A cutting plane method for linear programming is described. This method is an extension of Atkinson and Vaidya's algorithm, and uses the central trajectory. The logarithmic barrier function is used explicitly, motivated partly by the successful implementation of such algorithms. This makes it possible to maintain primal and dual iterates, thus allowing termination at will, instead of having to solve to completion. This algorithm has the same complexity (O(nL 2) iterations) as Atkinson and Vaidya's algorithm, but improves upon it in that it is a “long-step” version, while theirs is a “short-step” one in some sense. For this reason, this algorithm is computationally much more promising as well. This algorithm can be of use in solving combinatorial optimization problems with large numbers of constraints, such as the Traveling Salesman Problem.
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  • 3
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    Annals of operations research 97 (2000), S. 143-162 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: portfolio selection ; multiple criteria ; linear programming ; equity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The portfolio selection problem is usually considered as a bicriteria optimization problem where a reasonable trade-off between expected rate of return and risk is sought. In the classical Markowitz model the risk is measured with variance, thus generating a quadratic programming model. The Markowitz model is frequently criticized as not consistent with axiomatic models of preferences for choice under risk. Models consistent with the preference axioms are based on the relation of stochastic dominance or on expected utility theory. The former is quite easy to implement for pairwise comparisons of given portfolios whereas it does not offer any computational tool to analyze the portfolio selection problem. The latter, when used for the portfolio selection problem, is restrictive in modeling preferences of investors. In this paper, a multiple criteria linear programming model of the portfolio selection problem is developed. The model is based on the preference axioms for choice under risk. Nevertheless, it allows one to employ the standard multiple criteria procedures to analyze the portfolio selection problem. It is shown that the classical mean-risk approaches resulting in linear programming models correspond to specific solution techniques applied to our multiple criteria model.
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  • 4
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    Review of derivatives research 4 (2000), S. 155-188 
    ISSN: 1573-7144
    Keywords: contingent pricing ; option pricing ; option bounds ; arbitrage ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Optionbounds are determined by state discount factors limited by pricesof a riskless bond and the underlying asset. Usually the assethas at least two market-traded options for each maturity, furtherlimiting the factors. Tighter bounds result from incorporatingthe prices of all existing options of the same maturity. Thetightened bounds are particularly applicable to appraising theconsistency of all options trading on a single underlying security,notably index options. Constructed examples indicate a potentialimprovement of eighty percent in bound width; index data revealsa lower reduction, but extensive arbitrage opportunities fromviolations of the tighter bounds.
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  • 5
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    Asia Pacific financial markets 7 (2000), S. 261-273 
    ISSN: 1573-6946
    Keywords: data-mining ; failure discriminant analysis ; linear programming ; rating ; semi-definite programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a new method forfailure discrimination and rating of enterprises using financialdata compiled from their balance sheets. No particular distributional assumption is made on the underlying data. Our method automatically discriminates and rates many enterprises using mathematical programming methods. We separate multi-dimensional data byhyperplane and hyper-ellipsoid, so that we can interpretthe results of classification from the geometric point of view. Theproblem to be solved here is a linear programming problem orsemi-definite programming problem which can be solved efficiently byinterior point algorithms. Numerical simulations usingreal data show that hyper-ellipsoid separation generates a result which can be used for practical purposes.
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  • 6
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    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 147-157 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Key words: production ; scheduling ; printed circuit board assembly ; modelling ; linear programming ; aggregational error ; decision support ; Schlüsselwörter: Produktion ; Ablaufplanung ; Leiterplattenbestückung ; Modellierung ; lineare Programmierung ; Aggregationsfehler ; Entscheidungsunterstützung ; S′jm = Sjm ; SFj(r)(12)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Bei der Kleinserienmontage von Leiterplatten besteht das Problem der Einlastungsplanung darin, ein Tagesprogramm an Produktionsaufträgen zusammenzustellen, die gemeinsam in das Produktionssystem eingeschleust werden. Jeder Produktionsauftrag entspricht einem bestimmten Leiterplattentyp. Wechselt man bei der automatischen Bestückung von Leiterplatten zu einem neuen Leiterplattentyp, so fallen erhebliche Rüstzeiten an, die davon abhängen, wie viele Bauteilezuführungen im Magazin der Bestückungsautomaten ausgewechselt werden müssen. Zur Unterstützung dieses Entscheidungsproblems werden zwei unterschiedliche Modelle der linearen Optimierung entwickelt. Die beiden Modelle unterscheiden sich vor allem durch ihren Aggregationsgrad und ihren Rechenaufwand. Zur Verringerung des Aggregationsfehlers wird ein auf der Fuzzy-Set-Theorie beruhender Ansatz zur Abschätzung der bei automatischen SMD-Bestückungsautomanten auftretenden Rüstzeiten entwickelt. Hierbei wird als industrielles Anwendungsbeispiel die Leiterplattenbestückung in einem bedeutenden Elektronikunternehmen betrachtet. Die durchgeführte numerische Untersuchung zeigt, daß das hochaggregierte Fuzzy-LP-Modell zu hinreichend genauen Lösungen führt und erheblich geringeren Rechenaufwand verursacht als ein detaillierteres LP-Modell. Außerdem wird die praktische Eignung des Fuzzy-LP-Modells für den Einsatz innerhalb eines interaktiven Entscheidungsunterstützungssystems verdeutlicht.
    Notes: Abstract. The problem of workload planning in small lot printed circuit board (PCB) assembly concerns the determination of the daily mix of production orders to be released into the production system. When switching from one production order (board type) to another, a considerable set-up time is incurred based on the number of component feeders to be replaced in the component magazine of the assembly machines. To support the order-mix decision faced by a major electronics manufacturer, two versions of a linear programming model are developed. The models differ primarily in their degree of aggregation and their computational effort. In order to reduce the aggregational error incurred, a fuzzy approach is developed to estimate the number of component set-ups at automatic SMD placement machines. Our numerical investigation reveals that sufficiently accurate solutions may be obtained from a highly aggregate fuzzy LP-model and this is achieved with considerably less computational effort than with a more detailed LP-model. We also demonstrate the potential suitability of the fuzzy LP-model for implementation within an interactive decision support system.
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  • 7
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    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 147-157 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: production ; scheduling ; printed circuit board assembly ; modelling ; linear programming ; aggregational error ; decision support ; Produktion ; Ablaufplanung ; Leiterplattenbestückung ; Modellierung ; lineare Programmierung ; Aggregationsfehler ; Entscheidungsunterstützung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Kleinserienmontage von Leiterplatten besteht das Problem der Einlastungsplanung darin, ein Tagesprogramm an Produktionsaufträgen zusammenzustellen, die gemeinsam in das Produktionssystem eingeschleust werden. Jeder Produktionsauftrag entspricht einem bestimmten Leiterplattentyp. Wechselt man bei der automatischen Bestückung von Leiterplatten zu einem neuen Leiterplattentyp, so fallen erhebliche Rüstzeiten an, die davon abhängen, wie viele Bauteilezuführungen im Magazin der Bestückungsautomaten ausgewechselt werden müssen. Zur Unterstützung dieses Entscheidungsproblems werden zwei unterschiedliche Modelle der linearen Optimierung entwickelt. Die beiden Modelle unterscheiden sich vor allem durch ihren Aggregationsgrad und ihren Rechenaufwand. Zur Verringerung des Aggregationsfehlers wird ein auf der Fuzzy-Set-Theorie beruhender Ansatz zur Abschätzung der bei automatischen SMD-Bestückungsautomanten auftretenden Rüstzeiten entwickelt. Hierbei wird als industrielles Anwendungsbeispiel die Leiterplattenbestückung in einem bedeutenden Elektronikunternehmen betrachtet. Die durchgeführte numerische Untersuchung zeigt, daß das hochaggregierte Fuzzy-LP-Modell zu hinreichend genauen Lösungen führt und erheblich geringeren Rechenaufwand verursacht als ein detaillierteres LP-Modell. Außerdem wird die praktische Eignung des Fuzzy-LP-Modells für den Einsatz innerhalb eines interaktiven Entscheidungsunterstützungssystems verdeutlicht.
    Notes: Abstract The problem of workload planning in small lot printed circuit board (PCB) assembly concerns the determination of the daily mix of production orders to be released into the production system. When switching from one production order (board type) to another, a considerable set-up time is incurred based on the number of component feeders to be replaced in the component magazine of the assembly machines. To support the order-mix decision faced by a major electronics manufacturer, two versions of a linear programming model are developed. The models differ primarily in their degree of aggregation and their computational effort. In order to reduce the aggregational error incurred, a fuzzy approach is developed to estimate the number of component set-ups at automatic SMD placement machines. Our numerical investigation reveals that sufficiently accurate solutions may be obtained from a highly aggregate fuzzy LP-model and this is achieved with considerably less computational effort than with a more detailed LP-model. We also demonstrate the potential suitability of the fuzzy LP-model for implementation within an interactive decision support system.
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  • 8
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    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Deckung des Bedarfs an Klassenräumen ; lineare Optimierung ; gemischt ganzzahlige Optimierung ; Covering classroom requirements ; linear programming ; mixed integer programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The city of Hamburg expects for the next years enormously increasing rates of pupils. Covering the additional need of classrooms by new building is very expensive. It would be better to avoid this by making good use of the existing resources. The possible steps for covering the requirements and the restrictions are explained subsequently. There are a lot of alternatives, which must be coordinated for a “good” solution in a suitable way. The mathematical model for this problem is described furthermore. The model in question belongs to the class of mixed integer problems. Finally the standard optimization software SCICONIC, which is used for solving the mixed integer problem, is introduced and the embedding of SCICONIC into the architecture of the evolved planning system is described. Because the users of the system are officers without knowledge in electronic data processing and mathematical programming, a user friendly interface is of special importance in this case. This paper does not include new mathematical cognition, but describes the skilled use of known OR-techniques in a real software project.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Stadt Hamburg sieht in den nächsten Jahren eine beträchtliche Schülerwelle auf sich zukommen. Daraus resultiert zusätzlicher Klassenraumbedarf, der durch Neubau nur sehr kostspielig gedeckt werden kann. Durch systematische Ausnutzung von bestehenden Raumreserven lassen sich teure Neubaumaßnahmen weitgehend vermeiden. Im folgenden werden zunächst die möglichen Maßnahmen zur Raumbedarfsdeckung mit ihren einschränkenden Bedingungen aufgezeigt. Die Maßnahmen erlauben eine Vielzahl von Handlungsalternativen, die zum wirksamen Einsatz optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen. Das mathematische Modell zur Lösung dieses Problems wird in der weiteren Folge beschrieben. Es handelt sich um ein gemischt ganzzahliges Optimierungsproblem. Abschließend wird die zur Lösung eingesetzte Standard-Optimierungs-Software SCICONIC vorgestellt und die Einbindung von SCICONIC in das entwickelte Raumplanungssystem geschildert. Da die Anwender des Systems Sachbearbeiter ohne DV- und OR-Erfahrung sind, hat hier Benutzerfreundlichkeit eine besonders hohe Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Aufsatz erhebt nicht den Anspruch auf neue mathematische Erkenntnisse, sondern er beschreibt die fachgerechte Anwendung bekannter OR-Verfahren in einem Software-Projekt der Praxis.
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  • 9
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    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Deckung des Bedarfs an Klassenräumen ; lineare Optimierung ; gemischt ganzzahlige Optimierung ; Key words: Covering classroom requirements ; linear programming ; mixed integer programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. The city of Hamburg expects for the next years enormously increasing rates of pupils. Covering the additional need of classrooms by new building is very expensive. It would be better to avoid this by making good use of the existing resources. The possible steps for covering the requirements and the restrictions are explained subsequently. There are a lot of alternatives, which must be coordinated for a ``good'' solution in a suitable way. The mathematical model for this problem is described furthermore. The model in question belongs to the class of mixed integer problems. Finally the standard optimization software SCICONIC, which is used for solving the mixed integer problem, is introduced and the embedding of SCICONIC into the architecture of the evolved planning system is described. Because the users of the system are officers without knowledge in electronic data processing and mathematical programming, a user friendly interface is of special importance in this case. This paper does not include new mathematical cognition, but describes the skilled use of known OR-techniques in a real software project.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Die Stadt Hamburg sieht in den nächsten Jahren eine beträchtliche Schülerwelle auf sich zukommen. Daraus resultiert zusätzlicher Klassenraumbedarf, der durch Neubau nur sehr kostspielig gedeckt werden kann. Durch systematische Ausnutzung von bestehenden Raumreserven lassen sich teure Neubaumaßnahmen weitgehend vermeiden. Im folgenden werden zunächst die möglichen Maßnahmen zur Raumbedarfsdeckung mit ihren einschränkenden Bedingungen aufgezeigt. Die Maßnahmen erlauben eine Vielzahl von Handlungsalternativen, die zum wirksamen Einsatz optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen. Das mathematische Modell zur Lösung dieses Problems wird in der weiteren Folge beschrieben. Es handelt sich um ein gemischt ganzzahliges Optimierungsproblem. Abschließend wird die zur Lösung eingesetzte Standard-Optimierungs-Software SCICONIC vorgestellt und die Einbindung von SCICONIC in das entwickelte Raumplanungssystem geschildert. Da die Anwender des Systems Sachbearbeiter ohne DV- und OR-Erfahrung sind, hat hier Benutzerfreundlichkeit eine besonders hohe Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Aufsatz erhebt nicht den Anspruch auf neue mathematische Erkenntnisse, sondern er beschreibt die fachgerechte Anwendung bekannter OR-Verfahren in einem Software-Projekt der Praxis.
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  • 10
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    Annals of operations research 73 (1997), S. 253-276 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis ; game theory ; efficiency ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Dominant Competitive Factors, unique solutions to a new class of two-person ratio efficiency games, are introduced as a means for distinguishing exceptional aspects of individual performance. The vectors of input-output multipliers thus obtained may be analyzed collectively so that commonalities within groups and differences across groups may be discovered. The method is applied to "Program Follow-Through", the original impetus for developing Data Envelopment Analysis. Our results are compared with those of the earlier study, whereupon substantial new insights are obtained.
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  • 11
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    Annals of operations research 73 (1997), S. 299-321 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Discriminant Analysis ; linear programming ; Data Envelopment Analysis ; insurance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) are similar in that both may be used to classify units as exhibiting either good or poor performance. Both use linear programming to select a set of factor weights that determines group membership relative to a "threshold" or hyperplane. This similarity was pointed out in an earlier paper, in which several methods which combine aspects of DA and DEA were suggested. This paper further develops one of these hybrid methods, which can be described as an efficiency approach to Discriminant Analysis. The various formulation options are considered with respect to their effects on solution quality and stability. The stability issue is raised by the fact that solution equivalence under data transformation (including both translation and rotation) is considered important in DA, and has significantly affected model formulation. Thus, the data transformation issue is studied for the hybrid method, and also for DEA. The hybrid method is applied to an insurance data set, where some firms are solvent and others in financial distress, to further evaluate the method and its possible formulations. DA methods are applied to the same data set to provide a basis for comparison. The hybrid method is shown to outperform the general discriminant models.
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  • 12
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    Water resources management 11 (1997), S. 165-184 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: optimization ; linear programming ; simulation ; irrigation planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A methodology is presented for planning the operation of the Fuerte-Carrizo irrigation system in northwest Mexico. The system has two storage dams, two irrigation districts, and water transfer capabilities between both dams. The methodology uses a combination of linear programming (LP) and simulation. The LP model maximizes the net return of the farmers, subject to restrictions of the system, availability of water and land, and water transfer relationships. The simulation model is programmed as a microcomputer interactive package simulating the performance of the system. The methodology has proven to be a useful tool to assist those responsible for the operation of the irrigation system.
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  • 13
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 46 (1997), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Ellipsoid method ; linear programming ; simplex ; volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Yamnitsky and Levin proposed a variant of Khachiyan's ellopsoid method for testing feasibility of systems of linear inequalities that also runs in polynomial time but uses simplices instead of ellipsoids. Starting with then-simplexS and the half-space {x¦a Tx ≤ β}, the algorithm finds a simplexS YL of small volume that enclosesS ∩ {x¦a Tx ≤ β}. We interpretS YL as a simplex obtainable by point-sliding and show that the smallest such simplex can be determined by minimizing a simple strictly convex function. We furthermore discuss some numerical results. The results suggest that the number of iterations used by our method may be considerably less than that of the standard ellipsoid method.
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  • 14
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    OR spectrum 18 (1996), S. 131-144 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Cutting stock ; integer solutions ; heuristics ; linear programming ; column generation ; numerical experiments ; Zuschneideprobleme ; Ganzzahligkeit ; Heuristiken ; Lineare Optimierung ; Spaltengenerierung ; Numerische Experimente
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit betrachten wir das Problem der Bestimmung ganzzahliger Lösungen für das Standardproblem der eindimensionalen Zuschnittplanung. Insbesondere werden eine spezielle Klasse heuristischer Lösungsverfahren, die in der Literatur beschrieben sind, sowie einige naheliegende Varianten dieser Verfahren vorgestellt. Auf der Grundlage eines numerischen Experiments, bei dem 4.000 Probleme zufällig erzeugt und gelöst wurden, werden die Verfahren miteinander verglichen und im Hinblick auf die Kriterien „Lösungsqualität“ und „Rechenzeitbedarf“ beurteilt. Dabei zeigt sich nicht nur, daß zwei Verfahren deutlich besser als die übrigen einzustufen sind, sondern auch, daß mit ihrer Hilfe nahezu jede Problemausprägung des klassischen eindimensionalen Zuschneideproblems optimal gelöst werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the problem of generating integer solutions to the standard one-dimensional cutting stock problem is treated. In particular, we study a specific class of heuristic approaches that have been proposed in the literature, and some straightforward variants. These methods are compared with respect to solution quality and computing time. Our evaluation is based on having solved 4,000 randomly generated test problems. Not only will it be shown that two methods are clearly superior to the others but also that they solve almost any instance of the standard one-dimensional cutting stock problem to an optimum.
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  • 15
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    Fire technology 32 (1996), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Building codes ; building economics ; economic analysis ; fire safety ; health care facilities ; hospitals ; life safety codes ; linear programming ; mathematical programming ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract ALARM is personal computer software that helps building managers and fire safety engineers achieve cost-effective compliance with the widely used NFPA 101,Life Safety Code ®. The software currently supports health-care occupancy analysis. Through the equivalency provision of the code,ALARM implements a goal-oriented, or performance-based, approach to code compliance. The software generates a set of alternative code compliance strategies and their estimated construction costs. Engineering judgment is then applied to select the most appropriate code compliance strategy based on both cost and design considerations. The software offers a code-compliance optimizer, a comprehensive file manager, and a full-screen data editor. Since 1981, the optimization method used inALARM has been field-tested in 89 hospitals (17,898 beds). For this sample, the least-cost solution identified by the software was, on average, 41 percent less expensive than the prescriptive solution. This represents a potential cost savings of $2,116 per bed or more than $37 million. Future versions ofALARM could address other building occupancies.
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  • 16
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    Annals of operations research 62 (1996), S. 419-437 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Big-M Phase I procedure ; convex quadratic programming ; interior point methods ; linear programming ; method of centers ; multidirectional search direction ; nonconvex quadratic programming ; recentering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we present an interior point algorithm for solving both convex and nonconvex quadratic programs. The method, which is an extension of our interior point work on linear programming problems efficiently solves a wide class of largescale problems and forms the basis for a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) solver for general large scale nonlinear programs. The key to the algorithm is a three-dimensional cost improvement subproblem, which is solved at every interation. We have developed an approximate recentering procedure and a novel, adaptive big-M Phase I procedure that are essential to the sucess of the algorithm. We describe the basic method along with the recentering and big-M Phase I procedures. Details of the implementation and computational results are also presented.
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    Annals of operations research 64 (1996), S. 197-210 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Feasibility ; uncapacitated network ; Gale-Hoffman inequality ; linear programming ; frame ; cut ; facet ; polar matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of individual arcs and nodes on the description of feasibility in an uncapacitated network. This is done by developing an iterative algorithm for finding all (necessary) Gale-Hoffman inequalities for the network.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 43 (1996), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Canonical order ; greedy algorithm ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Using the partial order technique, we describe a subclass of objective functions taking their optimum at the greedy point of a given feasible polyhedron inR n.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 44 (1996), S. 171-187 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Inverse problem ; spanning tree with partition constraint ; maximal flow ; linear programming ; dual problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we first discuss the properties of minimum spanning tree and minimum spanning tree with partition constraints. We then concentrate on the inverse problem of minimum spanning tree with partition constraints in which we need to adjust the weights of the edges in a network as less as possible so that a given spanning tree becomes the minimum one among all spanning trees that satisfy the partition restriction. Based on the calculation of maximum cost flow in networks, we propose a strongly polynomial algorithm for solving the problem.
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    OR spectrum 17 (1995), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Energy-Emission Modelling ; linear programming ; international environmental policy ; emission reduction strategies ; Energie-Emissions-Modellierung ; lineare Programmierung ; internationale Umweltpolitik ; sionsminderungsstrategien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über methodische Ansätze zur Herleitung nationaler und internationaler Emissionsminderungsstrategien. Zu diesem Zweck werden häufig sogenannte integrierte Energie-Emissions-Modelle (lineare Programme) eingesetzt. Das EG-EFOM-ENV Modell wird vorgestellt und seine prinzipielle Anwendung aufgezeigt. Konkrete Ergebnisse werden anhand des Beispiels Litauens angegeben. Einschränkungen der verwendeten Methodik sowie deren mögliche Erweiterungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides an insight into the elaboration of strategies for emission reduction at present internationally requested by applying energy-emission models. One of these models, the EC-EFOM-ENV LP-model is presented in detail. Its application is shown in principle as well as to the special situation of countries in transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. The limitations of this approach and further applications on an international level are assessed.
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    Annals of operations research 58 (1995), S. 519-531 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Driver scheduling ; multiple objectives ; linear programming ; dual simplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A Mathematical Programming model of a driver scheduling system is described. This consists of set covering and partitioning constraints, possibly user-supplied side constraints, and two pre-emptively ordered objectives. The previous solution strategy addressed the two objectives using separate Primal Simplex optimisations; a new strategy uses a single weighted objective function and a Dual Simplex algorithm initiated by a specially developed heuristic. Computational results are reported.
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    Annals of operations research 57 (1995), S. 233-249 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Steiner tree ; game theory ; cost allocation ; integer programming ; linear programming
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A cost allocation problem arising from the Steiner Tree (ST) problem in networks is analyzed. This cost allocation problem is formulated as a cost cooperative game in characteristic function form, referred to as theST-game. The class ofST games generalizes the class of minimum cost spanning tree games which were used in the literature to analyze a variety of cost allocation problems. In general, the core of anST-game may be empty. We construct an efficient Core Heuristic to compute a “good” lower bound on the maximum fraction of the total cost that can be distributed among users while satisfying the core constraints. Based on the Core Heuristic, we also provide a sufficient condition for a givenST not to be optimal for the linear programming relaxation of an integer programming formulation of theST problem. The Core Heuristic was implemented and tested on 76 data sets from the literature (Wong's, Aneja's and Beasley's Steiner tree problems). Core points were found for 69 of these cases, and points “close” to the core were computed in the others.
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    Annals of operations research 58 (1995), S. 67-98 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Column generation ; convex programming ; cutting plane methods ; decomposition ; interior point method ; linear programming ; logarithmic barrier function ; nonsmooth optimization ; semi-infinite programming
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents a logarithmic barrier cutting plane algorithm for convex (possibly non-smooth, semi-infinite) programming. Most cutting plane methods, like that of Kelley, and Cheney and Goldstein, solve a linear approximation (localization) of the problem and then generate an additional cut to remove the linear program's optimal point. Other methods, like the “central cutting” plane methods of Elzinga-Moore and Goffin-Vial, calculate a center of the linear approximation and then adjust the level of the objective, or separate the current center from the feasible set. In contrast to these existing techniques, we develop a method which does not solve the linear relaxations to optimality, but rather stays in the interior of the feasible set. The iterates follow the central path of a linear relaxation, until the current iterate either leaves the feasible set or is too close to the boundary. When this occurs, a new cut is generated and the algorithm iterates. We use the tools developed by den Hertog, Roos and Terlaky to analyze the effect of adding and deleting constraints in long-step logarithmic barrier methods for linear programming. Finally, implementation issues and computational results are presented. The test problems come from the class of numerically difficult convex geometric and semi-infinite programming problems.
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    Water resources management 9 (1995), S. 315-333 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Reservoir operation ; linear programming ; dynamic programming ; power generation ; water supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an application of a previously developed linear programming-dynamic programming (LP-DP) methodology to the operation of Andong and Imha parallel reservoirs in South Korea. The model allows for multioptimization of power generation and municipal, industrial, and irrigation water use. It is shown that the annual average energy and the annual average water supply generated from the joint operation of the two parallel reservoirs by the LD-DP approach is 15.2 and 1.7% more than the contracted power production and water supply respectively.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 42 (1995), S. 169-188 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Multi-chain Markov Decision Processes ; average cost criterion ; state-action frequencies ; deviation measure ; linear programming ; lagrange formulation
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Linear Programming is known to be an important and useful tool for solving Markov Decision Processes (MDP). Its derivation relies on the Dynamic Programming approach, which also serves to solve MDP. However, for Markov Decision Processes with several constraints the only available methods are based on Linear Programs. The aim of this paper is to investigate some aspects of such Linear Programs, related to multi-chain MDPs. We first present a stochastic interpretation of the decision variables that appear in the Linear Programs available in the literature. We then show for the multi-constrained Markov Decision Process that the Linear Program suggested in [9] can be obtained from an equivalent unconstrained Lagrange formulation of the control problem. This shows the connection between the Linear Program approach and the Lagrange approach, that was previously used only for the case of a single constraint [3, 14, 15].
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 41 (1995), S. 71-88 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Markov decision processes ; partially observable ; linear programming
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we use an approach which uses a superharmonic property of a sequence of functions generated by an algorithm to show that these functions converge in a non-increasing manner to the optimal value function for our problem, and bounds are given for the loss of optimality if the computational process is terminated at any iteration. The basic procedure is to add an additional linear term at each iteration, selected by solving a particular optimisation problem, for which primal and dual linear programming formulations are given.
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    Annals of operations research 51 (1994), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Multiple objective ; linear programming ; stochastic ; decision support system
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Most of the multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) methods which have been proposed in the last fifteen years suppose deterministic contexts, but because many real problems imply uncertainty, some methods have been recently developed to deal with MOLP problems in stochastic contexts. In order to help the decision maker (DM) who is placed before such stochastic MOLP problems, we have built a Decision Support System called PROMISE. On the one hand, our DSS enables the DM to identify many current stochastic contexts: risky situations and also situations of partial uncertainty. On the other hand, according to the nature of the uncertainty, our DSS enables the DM to choose the most appropriate interactive stochastic MOLP method among the available methods, if such a method exists, and to solve his problem via the chosen method.
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    Water resources management 8 (1994), S. 101-119 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: unit hydrograph ; linear programming ; validation
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A unit hydrograph (UH) obtained from past storms can be used to predict a direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) based on the effective rainfall hyetograph (ERH) of a new storm. The objective functions in commonly used linear programming (LP) formulations for obtaining an optimal UH are (1) minimizing the sum of absolute deviations (MSAD) and (2) minimizing the largest absolute deviation (MLAD). This paper proposes two alternative LP formulations for obtaining an optimal UH, namely, (1) minimizing the weighted sum of absolute deviations (MWSAD) and (2) minimizing the range of deviations (MRNG). In this paper the predicted DRHs as well as the regenerated DRHs by using the UHs obtained from different LP formulations were compared using a statistical cross-validation technique. The golden section search method was used to determine the optimal weights for the model of MWSAD. The numerical results show that the UH by MRNG is better than that by MLAD in regenerating and predicting DRHs. It is also found that the model MWSAD with a properly selected weighing function would produce a UH that is better in predicting the DRHs than the commonly used MSAD.
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    Annals of operations research 45 (1993), S. 349-372 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Incomplete market ; trading constraints ; linear programming ; optimal portfolio ; duality
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study a consistent treatment for both the multi-period portfolio selection problem and the option attainability problem by a dual approach. We assume that time is discrete, the horizon is finite, the sample space is finite and the number of securities is less than that of the possible securities price transitions, i.e. an incomplete security market. The investor is prohibited from investing stocks more than given linear investment amount constraints at any time and he maximizes an expected additive utility function for the consumption process. First we give a set of budget feasibility conditions so that a consumption process is attainable by an admissible portfolio process. To establish this relation, we used an algorithmic approach which has a close connection with the linear programming duality. Then we prove the unique existence of a primal optimal solution from the budget feasibility conditions. Finally, we formulate a dual control problem and establish the duality between primal and dual control problems.
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    Annals of operations research 46-47 (1993), S. 249-269 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Convex polytopes ; degeneracy ; linear programming ; simplex method
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Finding the incident edges to a degenerate vertex of a polyhedron is a non-trivial problem. So pivoting methods generally involve a perturbation argument to overcome the degeneracy problem. But the perturbation entails a bursting of each degenerate vertex into a cluster of nondegenerate vertices. The aim of this paper is to give some bounds on the number of these perturbed vertices.
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    Annals of operations research 46-47 (1993), S. 497-508 
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    Keywords: Simplex method ; linear programming ; pivoting ; degeneracy ; exterior point algorithms ; cycling
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    Notes: Abstract We present an exterior point simplex type algorithm that possesses a new monotonic property. A dual feasible basic solution is required to start with. Intermediate solutions are neither primal nor dual feasible. Cycling-free pivoting rules and an exponentional example are presented.
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    Keywords: Degeneracy/cycling ; non-Archimedean data envelopment analysis ; linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract A non-Archimedean effective anti-degeneracy/cycling method for linear programming models, especially Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), processing networks and advertising media mix models is herein developed. It has given a tenfold speed increase plus elimination of cycling difficulties over conventional Marsden or Kennington/Ali LP software modules in a 1000 LP DEA application.
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    Annals of operations research 46-47 (1993), S. 393-408 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Degeneracy ; linear programming ; degeneracy graphs
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    Notes: Abstract Degenerate optima in linear programming problems lead in a canonical way to so-called o-degeneracy graphs as subgraphs of degeneracy graphs induced by the set of optimal bases. Fundamental questions about the structure of o-degeneracy graphs suggest the closer inspection of some properties of these graphs, such as, for example, the connectivity and the complexity. Finally, some open questions are pointed out.
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    Annals of operations research 43 (1993), S. 427-441 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Petroleum production ; linear programming
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe a planning model for the management of approximately 130 petroleum-producing wells in the North Sea. The objective is to form a better basis for the decisions about which wells to produce from and which to shut down during a period. Every well is dealt with individually as the production potential and chemical composition are different. The total flow consists of six saleable components: gas, four NGL products, and oil. The production may be curtailed due to the capacities of the platforms, gathering centre, pipelines and refinery plants. The total gas production is available for fulfilling the gas contracts, injecting the gas into the reservoirs or using the gas as fuel. There exist contracts for some of the NGL products, while the rest of the NGL products and oil are sold on the free market. The well-management model is solved by means of a standard mathematical programming code, and computational results are given for a planning problem with four different data sets.
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    Decisions in economics and finance 16 (1993), S. 73-86 
    ISSN: 1129-6569
    Keywords: project analysis ; linear programming ; internal financial law (IFL) ; financial leverage ; discounted cash-flows (DCF) decomposition
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si definisce un modello generale (PAULA) per la valutazione, selezione e gestione ottimale di progetti certi alternativi. Sfruttando i risvolti formali e finanziari dei problemi lineari associati (diretto e duale), si formulano poi due proposte per definire una legge finanziaria interna (IFL) ottimale, utili sia per abbattere la molteplicità intrinseca delleIFL, sia per evitare risultati economicamente arbitrari nel loro uso.
    Notes: Abstract We define a general model (called PAULA) for the valuation, optimal management and selection among mutually exclusive safe projects. By exploiting the formal and financial features of the associated linear problems (primal and dual), we put forward two proposals to define an optimal internal financial law (IFL). They may be used to reduce the multiplicity of the IFLs and to avoid economically arbitrary outcomes.
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    OR spectrum 15 (1993), S. 43-55 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Modeling ; linear programming ; compiler ; MPS ; Modellierung ; lineare Programmierung ; Compiler ; MPS
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt die neue Version der Modellierungssprache LPL (Linear Programming Language), die sich dazu eignet, mathematische Modelle aufzubauen, zu warten und zu dokumentieren. Die LPL-Sprache wurde zum Erstellen von MPS-InputDateien und Resultate-Tabellen größerer LP-Modelle erfolgreich eingesetzt. Der LPL-Compiler übersetzt ein LPL-Programm, das ein vollständiges Modell repräsentiert, in den Eingabecode eines LP/MIP-Lösungsprogramms, ruft den Lösungsalgorithmus auf, liest die Lösung, und ein integrierter Tabellengenerator gibt vom Benutzer definierte Resultate-Tabellen aus. Außerdem erlaubt ein Dateneingabe-Generator, die Daten in verschiedenen Formaten zu lesen.
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the new version of the modeling language, named LPL (Linear Programming Language). It may be used to build, modify and document mathematical models. The LPL language has been successfully applied to generate automatically MPS input files and reports of large LP models. The available LPL compiler translates LPL programs to the input code of any LP/MIP solver, calls the solver automatically, reads the solution back to its internal representation, and the integrated Report Generator produces the user defined reports of the model. Furthermore, an Input Generator can read the data from many formats.
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    OR spectrum 14 (1992), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Markov decision processes ; linear programming ; Markovsche Entscheidungsprozesse ; lineare Programmierung
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Separabele Markoffsche Entscheidungsprobleme haben die Eigenschaft, daß für gewisse Paare (i, a) von Zuständeni und zugehörigen Aktionena gilt: (i) die unmittelbare Auszahlung ist die Summe zweier Terme, von denen der eine nur vom Zustand und der andere nur von der Aktion abhängt (ria=si+ta), (ii) die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten hängen nur von der Aktion ab und nicht vom Zustand, in dem diese Aktion gewählt wurde. Dieses Modell wurde schon gegen Ende der Sechziger Jahre untersucht. Es wurde bewiesen, daß diskontierte Probleme und undiskontierte Probleme mit nur einer rekurrenten Klasse als lineare Programme mit weniger Variablen als im allgemeinen Modell formuliert werden können. Es war bisher unbekannt, ob auch für undiskontierte Modelle mit mehreren rekurrenten Klassen eine Formulierung mit weniger Variablen existiert. Dieses Problem wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit gelöst: eine solche Formulierung ist möglich. Abschließend werden einige Anwendungen von separablen Modellen angegeben.
    Notes: Summary Separable Markovian decision problems have the property that for certain pairs (i, a) of a statei and an actiona: (i) the immediate reward is the sum of terms due to the current state and action (ria=Si+ta), (ii) the transition probability depends only on the action and not on the state from which the transition occurs. The separable model was studied already in the late sixties. For the discounted case and the unichain undiscounted case a reduced LP formulation was given, which involves a substantially smaller number of variables than in the LP formulation of a general Markov decision problem. It was unknown whether such an efficient formulation was also possible in the multichain case. This paper solves this problem: such an efficient formulation can be obtained. Some applications of separable models are also presented.
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    Computational economics 5 (1992), S. 283-302 
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Polynomial convergence ; multiobjective programming ; interior point algorithm ; linear programming
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    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this report we formulate a linear multiperiod programming problem and show how it can be solved by a new interior point algorithm. The conditions of convergence and applicability of the algorithm of centers are explicitly connected to the multiperiod programming problem. For the former, effective application is supported by a set of simplifying conditions stated and proved in the text. For the latter, boundedness and nontriviality under real world conditions is demonstrated, allowing for its solution by the interior point algorithm. The use of a fast interior point algorithm is motivated by some empirical evidence from a Revised Simplex optimizer.
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    Theory and decision 32 (1992), S. 113-131 
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: Multiple criteria ; linear programming ; agricultural management
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    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an application of the ADELAIS multiobjective linear programming software to farm planning problems in agricultural management. This application is illustrated on a Spanish farm case study initially presented by Romero, Amador and Barco as an application of compromise programming. The method employed here generates a sequence of efficient solutions using interactive utility assessment and satisfaction levels. A compromise solution among three conflicting objectives, i.e. seasonal labor, employment and business profitability, is finally obtained.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 35 (1991), S. 87-111 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: linear programming ; programming in conditions of uncertainty ; sensitivity ; interval and finite arithmetic ; systems of equations
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    Notes: Abstract This note gives a synopsis of new methods for solving linear systems and linear programming problems with uncertain data. All input data can vary between given lower and upper bounds. The methods calculate very sharp and guaranteed error bounds for the solution set of those problems and permit a rigorous sensitivity analysis. For problems with exact input data in general the calculated bounds differ only in the last bit in the mantissa, i.e. they are of maximum accuracy.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 34 (1990), S. 353-379 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: linear programming ; projective algorithms ; computation of descent directions ; polynomial complexity
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Lösung linearer Optimierungsaufgaben beschreiben und bewerten wir Abstiegsrichtungen bei projektiven Methoden in der Formulierung von de Ghellinck and Vial (1986). Es zeigt sich, daß bei Wahl von Suchrichtungen aus dem projizierten Simplex um 1 im transformierten Raum stets polynomiale Laufzeitabschätzungen gelten. Insbesondere die Projektion der 1 stimmt mit der von de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) gewählten Suchrichtung überein, die bekanntlich bei zulässiger Startlösung äquivalent zu Karmarkar's Suchrichtung ist. Nahe bei dieser Suchrichtung bleibt die Komplexität der Methode unverändert [0(nL) Iterationen], während im allgemeinen die Schranke 0(n2 ·L) gilt, wobeiL die Größe des Linearen Optimierungsproblemes beschreibt. Die Untersuchungen zielen nicht darauf ab, Schranken für den ungünstigsten Fall zu verbessern, sondern sollen die freie Wahl von Suchrichtungen aus einer großen Klasse „polynomialer“ Richtungen zulassen. Wir zeigen, wie man unterschiedliche Suchrichtungen innerhalb einer Iteration aus der Projektion der 1 mit relativ kleinem zusätzlichen Aufwand berechnen kann. In projektiven Methoden wird die Lineare Optimierungsaufgabe als einparametrisches Zulässigkeitsproblem reformuliert, wobei als Parameter die jeweils bekannte obere Schranke des Optimalwertes dient. Daher ist es sehr wichtig, diese Schranke bei jeder Gelegenheit zu verbessern. Durch Verallgemeinerung von Schranken aus de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) leiten wir einige Unzulässigkeitstests her. Insbesondere liefert jede berechnete Suchrichtung eine obere Schranke, die möglicherweise die bekannte obere Schranke verbessert. Alle Schranken können durch Lösung einer Reihe einfacher linearer und quadratischer Gleichungen berechnet werden.
    Notes: Abstract For solving linear programming problems, we describe and evaluate descent directions for projective methods in the setting of the method of de Ghellinck and Vial (1986). It is shown that choosing search directions from the projected simplex centered at 1 in transformed space guarantees a polynomial time bound. In particular, the projection of 1 coincides with the direction chosen by de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) which is well known to be equivalent to Karmarkar's search direction when the initial solution is feasible. Close to that search direction the complexity of the method is unchanged [0(nL) iterations] while in general the bound is 0(n2 ·L), whereL is the size of the linear programming problem. The investigations were not made in order to improve worst case bounds, but rather to enable a free choice of search directions from a quite large class of “polynomial” directions. We show how different directions can be computed in one iteration using the projection of 1 with relatively small extra computational effort. In projective methods linear programming is reformulated as one-parametric feasibility problem where the parameter is the currently known upper bound on the optimal value. It is therefore very important to improve that bound whenever possible. Generalizing bounds from de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) we prove some infeasibility criteria. In particular, any computed search direction yields some upper bound which eventually improves that currently used. All bounds can be computed by solving sets of simple linear and quadratic equations.
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    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic optimization ; linear programming ; simplex method ; Karmarkar's method
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Optimization of multi-reservoir systems operations is typically a very large scale optimization problem. The following are the three types of optimization problems solved using linear programming (LP): (i) deterministic optimization for multiple periods involving fine stage intervals, for example, from an hour to a week (ii) implicit stochastic optimization using multiple years of inflow data, and (iii) explicit stochastic optimization using probability distributions of inflow data. Until recently, the revised simplex method has been the most efficient solution method available for solving large scale LP problems. In this paper, we show that an implementation of the Karmarkar's interior-point LP algorithm with a newly developed stopping criterion solves optimization problems of large multi-reservoir operations more efficiently than the simplex method. For example, using a Micro VAX II minicomputer, a 40 year, monthly stage, two-reservoir system optimization problem is solved 7.8 times faster than the advanced simplex code in MINOS 5.0. The advantage of this method is expected to be greater as the size of the problem grows from two reservoirs to multiples of reservoirs. This paper presents the details of the implementation and testing and in addition, some other features of the Karmarkar's algorithm which makes it a valuable optimization tool are illuminated.
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    Computational economics 2 (1989), S. 17-36 
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Modeling systems ; modeling languages ; linear programming ; production problems ; transportation problems
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    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In recent years a number of integrated modeling systems have been developed which combine modeling languages with database capabilities to greatly increase the productivity of linear programming, nonlinear programming, and simultaneous equation model builders (Palmer, 1984, Meeraus, 1983, Geoffrion, 1986). Among these systems is GAMS which was developed at the World Bank by Alexander Meeraus. Alongside the development of these systems Arthur Geoffrion has created a general framework for model development which he calls ‘Structured Modeling’. This paper compares the GAMS system to Geoffrion's framework to show (1) which of the capabilities of GAMS are and are not captured in the structured modeling framework and (2) which of the concepts in the structured modeling framework are and are not included in the GAMS system. Notational comparisons are made using the implementation of Structured Modeling presented in Geoffrion (1986a) and the version of GAMS presented in Brooke, Kendrick and Meeraus (1988). The capabilities of the two systems are compared on the basis of a set of characteristics that are considered essential in a modeling system (Fourer, 1983, Krishnan, 1985, Geoffrion, 1986a, 1986b, 1987). The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The structural elements and the organization of each system are introduced through the use of a simple example. A comparison of the two system is then provided. The paper closes with a discussion of user interfaces which may improve the systems.
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    Water resources management 3 (1989), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Waste load allocation ; water quality management ; multi-objective analysis ; linear programming
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to improve managing river water quality, this paper presents a model to a three-objective WLA problem using the constraint method in conjunction with the parametric linear programming technique. The three objectives considered are: (1) maximization of total waste load discharge, (2) minimization of the largest difference in equity between dischargers, and (3) maximization of the lowest allowable water quality standard.
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    Annals of operations research 14 (1988), S. 41-59 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Parallel algorithms ; SOR ; gradient projection ; linear programming ; linear complementarity problem
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A gradient projection successive overrelaxation (GP-SOR) algorithm is proposed for the solution of symmetric linear complementary problems and linear programs. A key distinguishing feature of this algorithm is that when appropriately parallelized, the relaxation factor interval (0, 2) isnot reduced. In a previously proposed parallel SOR scheme, the substantially reduced relaxation interval mandated by the coupling terms of the problem often led to slow convergence. The proposed parallel algorithm solves a general linear program by finding its least 2-norm solution. Efficiency of the algorithm is in the 50 to 100 percent range as demonstrated by computational results on the CRYSTAL token-ring multicomputer and the Sequent Balance 21000 multiprocessor.
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    Annals of operations research 14 (1988), S. 245-289 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: 90C27 ; 68Q15 ; 68Q25 ; 68Rxx ; Parallel computer ; computational complexity ; polylog parallel algorithm ; P-completeness ; sorting ; shortest paths ; minimum spanning tree ; matching ; maximum flow ; linear programming ; knapsack ; scheduling ; traveling salesman ; dynamic programming ; branch and bound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This is a review of the literature on parallel computers and algorithms that is relevant for combinatorial optimization. We start by describing theoretical as well as realistic machine models for parallel computations. Next, we deal with the complexity theory for parallel computations and illustrate the resulting concepts by presenting a number of polylog parallel algorithms andP-completeness results. Finally, we discuss the use of parallelism in enumerative methods.
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  • 47
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    Computational economics 1 (1988), S. 53-72 
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Knowledge-based system ; PM system ; production and distribution problems ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Software for production and distribution problems has evolved from FORTRAN programs, to matrix generators, to modeling languages such as GAMS, AMPL, and Structured Modeling. One of the next steps in the evolution of this class of software is to knowledge-based systems. Such systems provide a guided interface for problem input, permit qualitative inference about the problem, and provide a means of creating the problem description in the form required by modeling languages. This paper is written for economists and management scientists who have experience with production and distribution modeling but limited familiarity with knowledge-based systems. The paper describes the PM System which was developed by Krishnan to analyze and model linear programming production and distribution problems. The system is written in PROLOG. Elements of the Mexican steel industry model by Kendrick, Meeraus, and Alatorre are used to illustrate the interface dialog, the PM language, and the transformations which are required to translate the model into the form required by the Structured Modeling system. Illustrations are provided of the use of the system for answering queries and modifying the problem.
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    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Stochastic programming ; linear programming ; objective function ; synthetic streamflow ; reliability ; skewed ; random variable ; spill ; release ; storage ; free board
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A generalized linear decision rule is presented which takes into account the aspect of spill in a multi-lag LDR model. The proposed rule incorporates past inflow experience to determine the optimum release rules based on a stochastic (linear) programming optimization model. It also prescribes a procedure of determining spill, should it occur, and the method of adjusting the release policy, accordingly, for the subsequent periods, which are directly affected by the spill of the current period. The use of the rule also makes it possible to produce a specification for a reservoir with a smaller capacity by taking liberal constraints on the reservoir freeboard during the monsoon months. The problem is solved, for the purpose of illustration, using the historical data of a river located in central India. Two synthetic streamflow series of a duration of 50 years each are generated under lognormal flow assumption. The prescribed release rules are applied to a hypothetical reservoir with the optimum capacity determined by the linear programming method, and the generated series as the inflow. The results and findings are quite satisfactory.
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    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 103-121 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Aquifer management ; groundwater quality ; waste disposal patterns ; net disposal gain ; analytic solutions ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The impact of optimal waste disposal patterns upon the maximum assimilative capacity of groundwater systems is investigated in cases where the simultaneous utilization of the same aquifer for water supply as well as for waste disposal is required. A groundwater quality management model that combines analytic solutions off the dimensionless advective-dispersive transport equation with linear programming is developed. Three different patterns of waste disposal are considered: a constant rate, a pulsing-type, and a continuously varying rate. Optimal schedules for all the patterns are determined for a wide range of the problem's parameters, and a critical evaluation of their benefits leads, eventually, to a complete series of useful guidelines. These guidelines can serve as a-priori criteria for the selection of the most suitable waste disposal patterns.
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  • 50
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    Water resources management 1 (1987), S. 143-154 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Flood management ; large-scale systems ; linear programming ; deterministic inflows ; risk analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The Ottawa River System is a large-scale and complex system comprising 30 major reservoirs and 43 generating stations and has a long history of flooding that extends throughout the basin. Its operation aims primarily at meeting energy requirements but is largely affected by flood reduction and other interests such as nagivation, low flow augmentation, recreation and log driving. This paper gives a brief description of the system and of the linear programming optimization model (MORRO) that is currently used to establish operation rules in flood management. Risk analysis is outlined as a procedure to deviate from optimal policy in order to account for uncertainties in inflow forecast.
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    Annals of operations research 5 (1985), S. 599-612 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Microcomputers ; spreadsheets ; linear programming ; optimization ; software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the advantages of using spreadsheets for problem specification and report generation in optimization projects. It summarizes some of the mathematical programming software which is compatible with popular spreadsheets. A small production planning problem is used to illustrate the steps in input and processing of the results. Two programs are compared in detail.
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  • 52
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    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 59-94 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Efficiency ; Pareto optimality ; production functions ; returns to scale ; nondiscretionary inputs ; linear programming ; fractional programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper serves as an introduction to a series of three papers which are directed to different aspects of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) as follows: (1) uses and extensions of window analyses' to study DEA efficiency measures with an illustrative applications to maintenance activities for U.S. Air Force fighter wings, (2) a comparison of DEA and regression approaches to identifying and estimating, sources of inefficiency by means of artificially generated data, and (3) an extension of ordinary (linear programming) sensitivity analyses to deal with special features that require attention in DEA. Background is supplied in this introductory paper with accompanying proofs and explanations to facilitate understanding of what DEA provides in the way of underpinning for the papers that follow. An attempt is made to bring readers abreast of recent progress in DEA research and uses. A synoptic history is presented along with brief references to related work, and problems requiring attention are also indicated and possible research approaches also suggested.
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    Information Economics and Policy 1 (1984), S. 345-367 
    ISSN: 0167-6245
    Keywords: Australia ; Input-output models ; externalities ; information economy ; key-sectors ; linear programming ; multipliers ; planning ; policy analysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
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