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  • Articles  (3,125)
  • Engineering General  (3,125)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (1,997)
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  • Articles  (3,125)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650220101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODEL VERIFICATION ON 3D TIDAL CURRENT ANALYSIS IN TOKYO BAY (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 43-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: multiple-level model ; finite element method ; open boundary condition ; tidal current analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The results of a research project to verify the newly improved multiple- level model for 3D tidal current analysis in Tokyo Bay are presented. The improved multiple-level model includes additional effects due to Coriolis force, river inflows and wind shear stresses. Furthermore, a new numerical treatment of the open boundary condition was applied which effectively eliminated the spurious reflective waves often generated by various numerical methods simulating free surface flows. The mean (time-averaged or residual) and tidal currents in Tokyo Bay were simulated as examples to demonstrate the validity and capability of the newly improved multiple-level model. A series of numerical experiments was conducted to carefully examine the tidal circulations affected by the forcing factors of Coriolis force, river inflows and wind shears, both individually and combined. The numerical results demonstrated that the effects of each forcing term are physically reasonable, with the wind shear effect being the most significant and the case including all forcing terms being in best overall agreement with the field data collected in Tokyo Bay by the Ministry of Transportation. This study has contributed not only to the verification of the newly improved multiple-level model but also to the enhancement of the accuracy of numerical simulations of three-dimensional flow in coastal waters by this model.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ANISOTROPIC FLUID SUSPENSIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 11-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite elements ; liquid crystal ; nematic ; anisotropic ; electro rheological ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The orientation tensor L is introduced to construct a modified Leslie-Ericksen model for the viscous, incompressible flow of anisotropic suspensions (including electric field effects). This is then utilized to develop a weak variational formulation and finite element scheme for computing the flow and orientation fields. Numerical results are presented for exploratory test problems.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 81-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650220102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VALIDATION OF A NAVIER-STOKES SOLUTION ALGORITHM WITH EXPERIMENTAL VALUES IN A SUPERSONIC WAKE (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 137-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: validation ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Taylor-Galerkin approach ; finite elements ; laser Doppler anemometry ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes the validation of a finite element solver for an axisymmetric compressible flow with experimental values, especially velocities measured with a laser Doppler anemometer in the near wake of a circular cylinder. The equations under consideration are the Navier-Stokes equations with turbulent terms. A time-stepping scheme for the solution of these equations can be produced by applying a forward-time Taylor series expansion including time derivatives of second order. These time derivatives are evaluated in terms of space derivatives in the Lax-Wendroff fashion. The method is based on unstructured triangular grids with a high resolution in the radial direction. In order to predict the measured turbulent intensites more exactly, a modification of the Baldwin-Lomax model is necessary.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650220202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN EULERIAN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR TIME-DEPENDENT FREE SURFACE PROBLEMS IN HYDRODYNAMICS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 175-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: free-surface flow ; viscous incompressible fluid ; finite element method ; marker particle method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical method based on the finite element method is presented for simulating the two-dimensional transient motion of a viscous liquid with free surfaces. For ease of numerical treatment of the free surface expressed by a multiple-valued function, the marker particle method is employed. Numerous virtual particles are spread over all regions occupied by liquid. They move about on a fixed finite element mesh with the liquid velocity at their positions. These particles contribute nothing to the dynamics of the liquid and only serve as markers of liquid regions. The velocity field within liquid regions is calculated by solving the Navier- Stokes equations and the equation of continuity by the finite element method based on quadrilateral elements. A detailed discussion is given of the methodological problems arising in the implementation of the marker particle method on an unstructured finite element mesh and of the solutions to these problems. The proposed method is demonstrated on three sample problems: the broken dam problem, the impact of a falling liquid drop on a still liquid and the entry of a rigid block into water. Good agreement has been obtained in the comparison of the present numerical results with available experimental data.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A COMPARISON OF COUPLED AND SEGREGATED ITERATIVE SOLUTION TECHNIQUE FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE SWIRLING FLOW (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 353-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; finite differences ; unsymmetric linear systems ; Krylov subspace methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In many popular solution algorithms for the incompressible Navier-Stoke equations the coupling between the momentum equations is neglected when the linearized momentum equations are solved to update the velocities. This is known to lead to poor convergence in highly swirling flows where coupling between the radial and tangential momentum equations is strong. Here we propose a coupled solution algorithm in which the linearized momentum and continuity equations are solved simultaneously. Comparisons between the new method and the well-known SIMPLEC method are presented.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PARALLEL BLOCK ADAPTIVE MULTIGRID METHOD FOR THE IMPLICIT SOLUTION OF THE EULER EQUATIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 411-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: composite grids ; adaptive grids ; multigrid parallelization ; Euler ; implicit scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method capable of solving very fast and robust complex non-linear systems of equations is presented. The block adaptive multigrid (BAM) method combines mesh adaptive techniques with multigrid and domain decomposition methods. The overall method is based on the FAS multigrid, but instead of using global grids, locally enriched subgrids are also employed in regions where excessive solution errors are encountered. The final mesh is a composite grid with uniform rectangular subgrids of various mesh densities. The regions where finer grid resolution is necessary are detected using an estimation of the solution error by comparing solutions between grid levels. Furthermore, an alternative domain decomposition strategy has been developed to take advantage of parallel computing machines. The proposed method has been applied to an implicit upwind Euler code (EuFlex) for the solution of complex transonic flows around aerofoils. The efficiency and robustness of the BAM method are demonstrated for two popular inviscid test cases. Up to 19-fold acceleration with respect to the single-grid solution has been achieved, but a further twofold speed-up is possible on four-processor parallel computers.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF CRITICAL FLOW OVER A SPILLWAY BY MEANS OF MINIMIZATION OF VIOLATION OF NEGATIVE CURVATURE CONDITION (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 151-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: free surface flow ; spillways ; critical flow ; finite element ; sensitivity analysis ; variable domain method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new method for the computation of two-dimensional critical flows over spillways is presented. The premise of the method is that at a critical value of the discharge coefficient that free boundary has no upstream waves. For the chosen spillway geometry without a toe section this requirement is equivalent to negative curvature of the free boundary. The method consists of two levels: at the inner level the corresponding free boundary value problem is solved for a fixed value of Q and at the outer level a critical value of Q is sought by minimization of the oscillation of the free boundary. An invaluable part of the method is the sensitivity anlaysis of the finite element stiffness matrix. The correctness of the numerical results is proved by scrutinizing the convergence rate by mesh refinement. Good agreement of the computed results with experimental data is achieved.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PARALLEL BLOCK-STRUCTURED MULTIGRID METHOD FOR THE PREDICTION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 549-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: parallel computing ; multigrid method ; finite volume method ; block-structured grids ; incompressible flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a parallel multigrid finite volume solver for the prediction of steady and unsteady flows in complex geometries is presented. For the handling of the complexity of the geometry and for the parallelization a unified approach connected with the concept of block-structured grids is employed. The parallel implementation is based on grid partitioning with automatic load balancing and follows the message-passing concept, ensuring a high degree of portability. A high numerical efficiency is obtained by a non-linear multigrid method with a pressure correction scheme as smoother.By a number of numerical experiments on various parallel computers the method is investigated with respect to its numerical and parallel efficiency. The results illustrate that the high performance of the underlying sequential multigrid algorithm can largely be retained in the parallel implementation and that the proposed method is well suited for solving complex flow problems on parallel computers with high efficiency.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN SHALLOW WATER MODELS - AN ALTERNATIVE IMPLEMENTATION FOR FINITE ELEMENT CODES (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 603-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow water equations ; wave continuity equation ; boundary conditions ; finite elements ; generalized functions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Finite element solution of the shallow water wave equations has found increasing use by researchers and practitioners in the modelling of oceans and coastal areas. Wave equation models, most of which use equal-orderC0 interpolants for both the velocity and the surface elevation, do not introduce spurious oscillation modes, hence avoiding the need for artificial or numerical damping. An important question for both primitive equation and wave equation models is the interpretation of boundary conditions. Analysis of the characteristics of the governing equations shows that for most geophysical flows a single condition at each boundary is sufficient, yet there is not a consensus in the literature as to what that boundary condition must be or how it should be implemented in a finite element code. Traditionally (partly because of limited data), surface elevation is specified at open ocean boundaries while the normal flux is specified as zero at land boundaries. In most finite element wave equation models both of these boundary conditions are implemented as essential conditions. Our recent work focuses on alternative ways to numerically implement normal flow boundary conditions with an eye towards improving the mass-conserving properties of wave equation models. A unique finite element formulation using generalized functions demonstrates that boundary conditions should be implemented by treating normal fluxes as natural conditions with the flux interpreted as external to the computational domain. Results from extensive numerical experiments show that the scheme does conserve mass for all parameter values. Furthermore, convergence studies demonstrate that the algorithm is consistent, as residual errors at the boundary diminish as the grid is refined.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650220401
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    SIMULATION OF WAVE MOTION USING A LATTICE GAS MODEL (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: lattice gas ; cellular automata ; wave modelling ; standing waves ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The lattice gas model for simulating two-phase flow, proposed by Appert and Zaleski, has been modified by the introduction of gravitational interactions and the new model has been used to simulate standing wave patterns on the free surface of a fluid. The results compare well with linear theory.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARIES AND FLUX AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 325-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; artificial boundary conditions ; flux and pressure conditions ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fluid dynamical problems are often conceptualized in unbounded domains. However, most methods of numerical simulation then require a truncation of the conceptual domain to a bounded one, thereby introducing artificial boundaries. Here we analyse our experience in choosing artificial boundary conditions implicitly through the choice of variational formulations. We deal particularly with a class of problems that involve the prescription of pressure drops and/or net flux conditions.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650220501
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650220502
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACOUSTIC-MEAN FLOW INTERACTION AND VORTEX SHEDDING IN SOLID ROCKET MOTORS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 449-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: aeroacoustic ; vortex shedding ; solid rocket motor ; implicit or explicit method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present work is devoted to the numerical simulation of two important phenomena in the field of solid propellant rocket motors: the first is acoustic boundary layers that develop above the burning propellant; the other is a periodic vortex-shedding phenomenon which is the result of a strong coupling between the instability of mean flow shear layers and acoustic motions in the chamber. To predict the acoustic boundary layer, computations were performed for the lower half of a rectangular chamber with bottom-side injection. The outflow pressure is sinusoidally perturbed at a given frequency. For the highest CFL numbers the implicit scheme is not able to compute the unsteadiness in the acoustic boundary layer. With very low CFL numbers or with the explicit scheme the main features of the acoustic field are captured. To simulate the vortex-shedding mechanismin a segmented solid rocket motor, the explicit version is used. This computation shows a mechanism for ‘self-excited’ vortex shedding close to the second axial mode frequency. The use of the flux-splitting technique reduces substantially the amplitude of the oscillations. A few iterations are done with flux splitting, then the computation is performed without this technique. In this case both the frequency and the intensity are well predicted. A geometry more representative of the solid rocket motor is also computed. In this case the vortex-shedding process is more complex and pairing is observed.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A VORTEX LATTICE METHOD FOR HIGH-SPEED PLANNING (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 495-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: hydrodynamic planing ; vortex lattice ; jet modelling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional numerical model using vortex lattice methods (VLMs) is developed to solve the steady planning problem. Planing hydrodynamics have similarities to the aerodynamic swept wing problem - the fundamental difference being the existence of a free surface. Details of the solution scheme are discussed, including the special features of the VLM used here in obtaining accurate flows at the leading and side edges. Computational results are presented and compared with existing theories and experiments.
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  • 20
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    PLANAR LIQUID SHEETS AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 961-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: planar liquid sheets ; perturbation methods ; film casting ; film coating ; plane stagnation flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Asymptotic methods are employed to derive the leading-order equations which govern the fluid dynamics of time-dependent, incompressible, planar liquid sheets at low Reynolds numbers using as small parameter the slenderness ratio. Analytical and numerical solutions of relevance to both steady film casting processes and plane stagnation flows are obtained with the leading-order equations. It is shown that for steady film casting processes the model which accounts for both gravity and low-Reynolds-number effects predicts thicker and slower planar liquid sheets than those which neglect a surface curvature term or assume that Reynolds number is zero, because the neglect of the curvature term and the assumption of zero Reynolds number are not justified at high take-up velocities owing to the large velocity gradients that occur at the take-up point. It is also shown that for Reynolds number/Froude number ratios larger than one, models which neglect the surface curvature or assume a zero Reynolds number predict velocity profiles which are either concave or exhibit an inflection point, whereas the model which accounts for both curvature and low-Reynolds-number effects predicts convex velocity profiles. For plane stagnation flows it is shown that models which account for both low-Reynolds-number and curvature effects predict nearly identical results to those of models which assume zero Reynolds number. These two models also predict a faster thickening of the planar liquid sheet than models which account for low- Reynolds-number effects but neglect the surface curvature. This curvature term is very large near the stagnation point and cannot be neglected there. It is also shown that the thickening of the sheet occurs closer to the stagnation point as the Reynolds number/Froude number ratio is increased, i.e. as the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration is increased. In addition it is shown that large surface tension introduces a third-order spatial derivative in the axial momentum equation at leading order.
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  • 21
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    SUPERPOSITION TECHNIQUE FOR POTENTIAL FLOW AROUND AN AEROFOIL AND CONTROL OF THE CIRCULATION (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1013-1022 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: potential flow ; panel method ; superposition technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the superposition technique for a potential flow around an aerofoil is investigated in the complex plane. The control of the circulation around the aerofoil by satisfying the Kutta condition at the flow field points is described.
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  • 22
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    A PIECEWISE-LINEARIZED METHOD FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: TWO-POINT BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1089-1102 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: piecewise-linearized methods ; two-point boundary value problems ; singular perturbations ; finite differences ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Piecewise-linearized methods for the solution of two-point boundary value problems in ordinary differential equations are presented. These problems are approximated by piecewise linear ones which have analytical solutions and reduced to finding the slope of the solution at the left boundary so that the boundary conditions at the right end of the interval are satisfied. This results in a rather complex system of non-linear algebraic equations which may be reduced to a single non-linear equation whose unknown is the slope of the solution at the left boundary of the interval and whose solution may be obtained by means of the Newton-Raphson method. This is equivalent to solving the boundary value problem as an initial value one using the piecewise-linearized technique and a shooting method. It is shown that for problems characterized by a linear operator a technique based on the superposition principle and the piecewise-linearized method may be employed. For these problems the accuracy of piecewise-linearized methods is of second order. It is also shown that for linear problems the accuracy of the piecewise-linearized method is superior to that of fourth-order-accurate techniques. For the linear singular perturbation problems considered in this paper the accuracy of global piecewise linearizat ion is higher than that of finite difference and finite element methods. For non-linear problems the accuracy of piecewise-linearized methods is in most cases lower than that of fourth-order methods but comparable with that of second-order techniques owing to the linearization of the non-linear terms.
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  • 23
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    COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF IMPINGING JETS USING K-∊ TURBULENCE MODELS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 799-810 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: jets ; jet impingement ; turbulence ; k-ε model ; finite volume method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reports numerical modelling of impinging jet flows using Rodi and Malin corrections to the k-ε turbulence model, carried out using the PHOENICS finite volume code. Axisymmetric calculations were performed on single round free jets and impinging jets and the effects of pressure ratio, height and nozzle exit velocity profile were investigated numerically. It was found that both the Rodi and Malin corrections tend to improve the prediction of the hydrodynamic field of free and impinging jets but still leave significant errors in the predicted wall jet growth. These numerical experiments suggest that conditions before impingement significantly affect radial wall jet development, primarily by changing the wall jet's initial thickness.
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  • 24
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    APPLICATION OF FLUX-VECTOR-SPLITTING SCHEME TO A DILUTE GAS-PARTICLE JPL NOZZLE FLOW (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 921-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: two-phase flow ; multilevel ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A time-dependent numerical algorithm is developed for the two-fluid model Euler of TLNS (thin layer Navier-Stokes) equations. The analysis is based on a MUSCL (monotone upstream central scheme for conservation laws)-type flux-vector-splitting scheme with the multi-level technique. This algorithm is applied to investigate JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) nozzle flow. Calculated results for both one- and two-phase flows are given to show the accuracy, the computational efficiency and the particle influence on the flow field.
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    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TIME-STEPPING TECHNIQUES FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS: FROM FULLY IMPLICIT NON-LINEAR SCHEMES TO SEMI-IMPLICIT PROJECTION METHODS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 987-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: non-stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations ; time-stepping schemes ; projection methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present a numerical comparison of some time-stepping schemes for the discretization and solution of the non-stationary incompressible Navier- Stokes equations. The spatial discretization is by non-conforming quadrilateral finite elements which satisfy the LBB condition. The major focus is on the differences in accuracy and efficiency between the backward Euler, Crank-Nicolson and fractional-step Θ schemes used in discretizing the momentum equations. Further, the differences between fully coupled solvers and operator-splitting techniques (projection methods) and the influence of the treatment of the nonlinear advection term are considered. The combination of both discrete projection schemesand non-conforming finite elementsallows the comparison of schemes which are representative for many methods used in practice. On Cartesian grids this approach encompasses some well-known staggered grid finite difference discretizations too. The results which are obtained for several typical flow problems are thought to be representative and should be helpful for a fair rating of solution schemes, particularly in long-time simulations.
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    A NON-LINEAR ADAPTED TRI-TREE MULTIGRID SOLVER FOR FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1041-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: grid generation ; tri-tree ; unstructured grid ; multigrid ; finite element ; mixed formulation ; analytic integration ; adaptive solver ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An iterative adaptive equation multigrid solver for solving the implicit Navier-Stokes equations simultaneously with tri-tree grid generation is developed. The tri-tree grid generator builds a hierarchical grid structur e which is mapped to a finite element grid at each hierarchical level. For each hierarchical finite element multigrid the Navier-Stokes equations are solved approximately. The solution at each level is projected onto the next finer grid and used as a start vector for the iterative equation solver at the finer level. When the finest grid is reached, the equation solver is iterated until a tolerated solution is reached. The iterative multigrid equation solver is preconditioned by incomplete LU factorization with coupled node fill-in.The non-linear Navier-Stokes equations are linearized by both the Newton method and grid adaption. The efficiency and behaviour of the present adaptive method are compared with those of the previously developed iterative equation solver which is preconditioned by incomplete LU factorization with coupled node fill-in.
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    A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MODELLING THE MOTION OF A SPHERICAL BUBBLE (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1125-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: bubble dynamics ; fluid-structure interaction ; boundary integral method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a numerical method for predicting the motion of a spherical bubble close to a rigid structure. The velocity potential in the fluid due to the motin of the bubble is represented by a source and a dipole located at the centroid of the bubble. This leads to a coupled system of differential equations for the bubbble radius and the location of its centroid. This system of equations can be solved using an appropriate numerical scheme.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1149-1151 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650221102
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    AN ENTROPY VARIABLE FORMULATION AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 29-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow water equations ; entropy variables ; streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin ; symmetric formulations ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new symmetric formulation of the two-dimensional shallow water equations and a streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) scheme are developed and tested. The symmetric formulation is constructed by means of a transformation of dependent variables derived from the relation for the total energy of the water column. This symmetric form is well suited to the SUPG approach as seen in analogous treatments of gas dynamics problems based on entropy variables. Particulars related to the construction of the upwind test functions and an appropriate discontinuity-capturing operator are included. A formal extension to the viscous, dissipative problem and a stability analysis are also presented. Numerical results for shallow water flow in a channel with (a) a step transition, (b) a curved wall transition and (c) a straight wall transition are compared with experimental and other computational results from the literature.
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    NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT SHALLOW RECIRCULATING FLOWS BY A QUASI-THREE-DIMENSIONAL k-∊MODEL (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 485-501 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: shallow recirculating flow ; multilayer model ; turbulence model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A quasi-three-dimensional multilayer k- ∊ model has been developed to simulate turbulent recirculating flows behind a sudden expansion in shallow waters. The model accounts for the vertical variation in the flow quantities and eliminates the problem of closure for the effective stresses resulting from the depth integration of the non-linear convective accelerations found in the widely used depth- integrated models. The governing equations are split into three parts in the finite difference solution: advection, dispersion and propagation. The advection part is solved using the four-node minimax-characteristics method. The dispersion and propagation parts are treated by the central difference method, the former being solved explicitly and the latter implicitly using the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. The relative effect of bed-generated turbulence and transverse shear-generated turbulence on the recirculating flow has been studied in detail. In comparison with the results computed by the depth-integrated k-∊ model, the results computed by the present model are found to be closer to the reported data.
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    AN UNFACTORED IMPLICIT MOVING MESH METHOD FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY N-S EQUATIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 607-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: unsteady flow ; implicit methods ; mesh generation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An unfactored implicit time-marching method for the solution of the unsteady two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged thin layer Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The linear system arising from each implicit step is solved by the conjugate gradient squared (CGS) method with preconditioning based on an ADI factorization. The time-marching procedure has been used with a fast transfinite interpolation method to regenerate the mesh at each time step in response to the motion of the aerofoil. The main test cases examined are from the AGARD aeroelastic configurations and involve aerofoils oscillating rigidly in pitch. These test cases have been used to investigate the effect of various parameters, such as CGS tolerance and laminar/turbulent transition location, on the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Comparisons with available experimental data have been made for these cases. In order to illustrate the application of the mesh generator and flow solver to more general flows where the aerofoil deforms, results for an NACA 0012 aerofoil with an oscillating trailing edge flap are also shown.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 633-633 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230602
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    NUMERICAL STUDY OF HIGH-REYNOLDS-NUMBER FLOW PAST A BLUFF OBJECT (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 711-732 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite difference scheme ; prowake co-ordinates ; vorticity conditioning ; high-order upwinding ; semi-explicit time marching ; bluff object ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A semi-explicit finite difference scheme is proposed to study unsteady two-dimensional, incompressible flow past a bluff object at high Reynolds number. The bluff object comes from a class of elliptical cylinders in which the aspect ratio and the angle of attack are two controlled parameters. Associated with the streamfunction-vorticity formulation, the interior vorticity, streamfunction and wall vorticity are updated in turn for each time step. The streamfunction and wall vorticity are solved by means of a multigrid method and a projection method respectively. In regard to the vorticity transport equation, implicitness is merely associated with the diffusion operator, which can be made semi-explicit via approximate factorization. Low-diffusive upwinding is devised to handle the convection part. Numerical results are reported for Reynolds numbers up to 40,000. Comparisons with other numerical or physical experiments are included.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 733-733 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230702
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    NATURAL FORMULATION OF THE RANDOM CHOICE METHOD FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL INERT HIGH-SPEED FLOW FIELDS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 847-858 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Euler equations ; hyperbolic ; initial boundary value problem ; natural co-ordinate system ; random choice method ; Riemann problem ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The random choice method has now been shown to be successfully extendible from the original one-dimensional unsteady formulation to inert high-speed flow fields which are steady and two-dimensional using Cartesian, axisymmetric and Lagrangian formulations. This paper deals with the description of a new implementation of the random choice method formulated for natural co-ordinates based on streamlines and normals. Comparisons between theoretical and computed results for several different physical configurations are presented.
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    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996) 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230801
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    Announcements (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 861-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230803
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    NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY VISCOUS FLOWS USING AN IMPLICIT PROJECTION METHOD (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 897-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; unsteady flow ; laminar flow ; turbulent flow ; projection method ; approximate factorization technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper an implicit projection method for the solution of the two-dimensional, time-dependent, incompressible Navier- Stokes equations is presented. The basic principle of this method is that the evaluation of the time evolution is split into intermediate steps. The computational method is based on the approximate factorization technique. The coupled approach is used to link the equations of motion and the turbulence model equations. The standard k-∊ turbulence model is used. The current methodology, which has been tested extensively for steady problems, is now applied for the numerical simulation of unsteady flows. Several cases were tested, such as plane or axisymmetric channels, a backward-facing step, a square cavity and an axisymmetric stenosis.
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    MODELLING OF RELEASE OF GAS FROM HIGH-PRESSURE PIPELINES (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 953-983 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: transient pipeflow ; non-ideal gas ; subgrid modelling ; transient dispersion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The problem investigated is the break of a high-pressure pipeline carrying natural single-phase gas which may condensate (retrograde) when the pressure drops. Single-phase non-ideal gas is assumed using a general- ized equation of state. Taking advantage of the choked massflow condition, the break is split into a pipe flow problem and a dispersion flow problem, both solved using a finite difference control volume scheme.The transient flow field from the pipeline break location is expanded analytically, using an approximation of the governing equations, until ambient pressure is reached and matched to the corresponding gas dispersion flow field using as subgrid model a jet box with a time-varying equivalent nozzle area as an internal boundary of the dispersion domain. The turbulence models used for the pipe and dispersion flow fields are an empirical model of Reichard and the k-∊ model for buoyant flow respectively.The pipe flow simulations indicate that the flow from the pipeline might include dispersed condensate which will affect quantitatively the mass flow rate from the pipeline and qualitatively the gas dispersion if the condensate rains out.The transient dispersion simulation shows that an entrainment flow field develops and mixes supersaturated gas with ambient warmer air to an unsaturated mixture. Because of the inertia of the ambient air, it takes time to develop the entrainment flow field. As a consequence of this and the decay of the mass flow with time, the lower flammability limit of the gas-air mixture reaches its most remote downstream position relatively early in the simulation (about 15 s) and withdraws closer to the break location.
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    INTERNAL LEE WAVES AND TURBULENCE MIXING OVER AN ISOLATED SEAMOUNT: RESULTS FROM TURBULENCE ENERGY MODELS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1043-1072 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: lee-waves ; seamount ; turbulence-energy ; mixing ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional, primitive equation, baroclinic numerical model incorporating a range of turbulence energy submodels is used to study the generation of internal lee waves over an isolated seamount. Attention is given to the turbulence mixing enhanced by the internal lee waves. The results show that regions of strong turbulence energy appear over the lee side of the seamount associated with the production of the lee waves. The computed vertical eddy viscosity and diffusivity using turbulence models can be as large as 1 m2s-1.A comparison of the magnitude and spatial distribution of the internal lee waves does not reveal any major differences in results computed using different turbulence energy models or mixing determined from a Richards on number formulation. However, the magnitude of the vertical mixing is sensitive to the form of turbulence energy submodel. Also, a study of the relevant importance of the various terms in the turbulence energy equation shows that the term representing the advection of turbulence needs to be retained in order to accurately reproduce the mixing produced by the internal lee waves. Calculations using a range of seamount profiles show that the magnitude of near-bed turbulence is sensitive to the shape of the seamount.The magnitude and spatial distribution of the lee waves and associated flow field are affected by the parametrization of horizontal diffusion, with significant differences between the use of Laplacian and biharmonic forms of horizontal diffusion. The application of biharmonic horizontal diffusion is recommended.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1111-1111 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650231002
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    APPLICATION OF THE PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD TO THERMOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1145-1161 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: pseudospectral method ; thermohydrodynamic lubrication ; spectral method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pseudospectral method is used for the first time to solve the thermohydrodynamic lubrication equations for a slider bearing. The orthogonal polynomials used in the series expansions are Lagrangian interpola nts derived from a Legendre basis. Exponential convergence to exact solutions is demonstrated and favourable comparisons with previous work are made.
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    NUMERICAL STUDY OF TURBULENT FORCED CONVECTION IN A PERIODICALLY RIBBED CHANNEL WITH OSCILLATORY THROUGHFLOW (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1223-1233 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite difference method ; heat transfer augmentation ; eddy viscosity model ; low-Re k-∊ model streamline curvature correction ; ribbed channel ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical computations are performed on the fully developed flow and heat transfer in a periodically ribbed channel with oscillatory throughflow. A uniform heat flux is imposed at the lower plate of the channel. An externally sustained pressure gradient varies sinusoidally in time. A low-turbulent-Reynolds-number version of the k-∊ two-equation model of turbulence is invoked, together with a preferential dissipation modification, to predict the complex turbulent flow field. Computed results indicate that much heat transfer enhancement is expected by increasing the Womersley number, which measures the relative strength of the oscillatory motion to the viscous effects.
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    ONSET OF ASYMMETRY: FLOW PAST CIRCULAR AND ELLIPTIC CYLINDERS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1327-1345 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: unsteady flows ; incompressible viscous flows ; onset of asymmetry ; Navier-Stokes equations ; finite difference method ; bluff bodies ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computational study of the development of two- dimensional unsteady viscous incompressible flow around a circular cylinder and elliptic cylinders is undertaken at a Reynolds number of 10,000. A higher- order upwind scheme is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations by the finite difference method in order to study the onset of computed asymmetry around bluff bodies. For the computed cases the ellipses develop asymmetry much earlier than the circular cylinder. The receptivity of the computed flows in the presence of discrete roughness and surface vibration is studied. Finally, the role of discrete roughness in triggering asymmetry for flow past a circular cylinder is studied and compared with flow visualization experiments at Re=10,000
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 1347-1347 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650231202
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    BEM SOLUTION FOR THE PROBLEM OF FLUX OF A MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE OF GASES OUT OF A MULTILAYER LANDFILL (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 503-524 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: flow of gases ; porous media ; landfill ; BEM numerical simulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A two-dimensional numerical model for convection-diffusion flow of a multigas mixture through a multilayer porous medium was developed with the aim to be used for evaluation of emissions of gases from landfills. The proposed model is based on the boundary element-dual reciprocity method. Time-independent one-dimensional analytical solutions for a multilayer domain were found for the cases of a single gas and a two-gas mixture and used to verify the accuracy of the model. Although the proposed technique is a simple one, consisting only of boundary integrals, it was found that the technique can be applied with satisfactory accuracy to the problem at which it was initially aimed.
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    A MULTIBLOCK IMPLEMENTATION OF A NON-ORTHOGONAL, COLLOCATED FINITE VOLUME ALGORITHM FOR COMPLEX TURBULENT FLOWS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 567-588 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: multiblock ; turbulent flow ; computational modelling ; parallel computing ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A multiblock algorithm for general 2D and 3D turbulent flows is introduced and applied to three cases: a compressor cascade passage, a two-element high-lift aerofoil and a round-to-square transition duct. The method is a generalization of a single-block scheme which is based on a non-orthogonal, fully collocated finite volume framework, applicable to incompressible and compressible flows and incorporating a range of turbulence transport models, including second-moment closure. The multiblock implementation is essentially block-unstructured, each block having its own local co-ordinate system unrelated to those of its neighbours. Any one block may interface with more than one neighbour along any one block face. Interblock communication is handled by connectivity matrices and effected via a two-cell overlap region along block boundaries in which ‘halo data’ reside. The algorithm and the associated data communication are explained in detail, and its effectiveness is verified, with particular reference to improved numerical resolution and parallel computing.
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    Announcement (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 635-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230603
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    A DIRECTIONALLY ADAPTIVE METHODOLOGY USING AN EDGE-BASED ERROR ESTIMATE ON QUADRILATERAL GRIDS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 673-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Euler equations ; directionally adaptive meshes ; edge-based error estimate ; structured grids ; mesh movement ; finite element method ; high-speed flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present paper describes a directionally adaptive finite element method for high-speed flows, using an edge-based error estimate on quadrilateral grids. The error of the numerical solution is estimated through its second derivatives and the resulting Hessian tensor is used to define a Riemannian metric. An improved mesh movement strategy, based on a spring analogy, but with no orthogonality constraints, is introduced to equidistribute the lengths of the edges of the elements in the defined metric. The grid adaptation procedure is validated on an analytical test case and the efficiency of the overall methodology is investigated on supersonic and hypersonic benchmarks.
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    THE SIMULATION OF SOME MODEL VISCOELASTIC EXTENSIONAL FLOWS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 691-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: viscoelastic ; extensional flow ; wirecoating ; Taylor-Galerkin ; finite elements ; pressure-correction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The numerical simulation of three model viscoelastic extensional flows is considered: sink flow, model draw-down and conical section draw-down. A transient finite element scheme with a pressure correction method is employed to analyse the numerical treatment of such problems for Oldroyd- Band Phan-Thien/Tanner constitutive models. Both decoupled and coupled formulations are compared for these highly convective flows and effective mechanisms are proposed for removing numerical oscillations in the temporally developing solution. In pure viscoelastic extensional flow from an initial stress-free state, the maximum stress level attained decreases with increase in material relaxation time. When this is followed by stress relaxation, as in conical section draw-down, increasing the relaxation time inhibits stress decay.
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    A NOTE ON THE APPLICATION OF THE AVERAGE CORRECTION TECHNIQUE (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 811-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: SIMPLE-like algorithms ; average correction technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This note develops an average correction technique for accelerating the rate of convergence of the SIMPLE-like algorithm by implementing the average pressure correction method as proposed by Wen and Ingham (Int. j. numer. methods fluids, 17, 385-400 (1993); 19, 889-903 (1994)) with an average velocity correction. The technique is illustrated by considering the classical problem of fluid flow over a backward-facing step using (i) no average correction, (ii) an average velocity correction, (iii) an average pressure correction and (iv) both average velocity and pressure corrections. When both average velocity and pressure corrections are employed, it is found that the number of iterations required for convergence is almost independent of the initial guessed values of fluid velocity and pressure and the fastest rate of convergence may be achieved.
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    FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTIONS OF LAMINAR AND TURBULENT MIXED CONVECTION IN A DRIVEN CAVITY (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 47-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite element ; thermal turbulence ; thermal eddy energy ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents laminar and turbulent mixed convection solutions of a driven cavity flow using the finite element method. For the laminar flow, distributions of velocity and temperature with and without the effect of buoyancy force are presented and compared. For the turbulent flow, governing partial differential equations of the thermal turbulence two-equati on model and kinetic turbulence two-equation model are used. Corresponding results such as kinetic eddy diffusivity, kinetic eddy energy, thermal eddy energy and their dissipations are presented.
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    SINGLE-LAYER FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION OF 3D NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS WITH FREE BOUNDARIES FOR SHALLOW WATER FLOWS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 143-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite element ; incompressible ; Navier-Stokes ; free surface flows ; shallow water ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In order to simulate flows in the shallow water limit, the full incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with free boundaries are solved using a single layer of finite elements. This implies a polynomial approximation of the velocity profile in the vertical direction, which in turn distorts the wave speed. This fact is verified by numerical results: the wave speed depends on the vertical discretization. When at least two layers of finite elements are used, the boundary layer at the bottom can be simulated and the correct solution for the shallow water limit is recovered. Then this algorithm is applied to the prediction of Tsunami event.
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    Masthead (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230201
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    FULLY DISCRETE HIGH-ORDER SHOCK-CAPTURING NUMERICAL SCHEMES (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 241-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: fully discrete ; high-order ; conservative ; upwind ; shock-capturing ; TVD ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present paper is a sequel to a previous one by the same authors in which a family of up to fourth-order fully discrete (FD) upwind numerical schemes was presented. In this paper we extend those high-order FD schemes to solutions with discontinuities, e.g. shocks. A rigorous anlaysis of the total variation diminishing (TVD) constraint for the high-order FD schemes is carried out. For non-linear systems the TVD constraint is, as usual, applied empirically. These schemes are validated by solving a test problem for the time-dependent shallow water equations.
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    NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SEMI-CONFINED JET IMPINGEMENT AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: impinging jet ; turbulence ; heat transfer ; k-ε model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The standard k-ε eddy viscosity model of turbulence in conjunction with the logarithmic law of the wall has been applied to the prediction of a fully developed turbulent axisymmetric jet impinging within a semi-confined space. A single geometry with a Reynolds number of 20,000 and a nozzle-to-plate spacing of two diameters has been considered with inlet boundary conditions based on measured profiles of velocity and turbulence. Velocity, turbulence and heat transfer data have been obtained using laser-Doppler anemometry and liquid crystal thermography respectively. In the developing wall jet, numerical results of heat transfer compare to within 20% of experiment where isotropy prevails and the trends in turbulent kinetic energy are predicted. However, stagnation point heat transfer is overpredicted by about 300%, which is attributed directly to the turbulence model and inapplicability of the wall function.
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    FLUX DIFFERENCE SPLITTING FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STEADY INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN CURVILINEAR CO-ORDINATES (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 347-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes ; collocated grid ; curvilinear co-ordinates ; flux difference splitting ; defect correction ; multigrid ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A collocated discretization of the 3D steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations based on a flux-difference-splitting formulation is presented. The discretization employs primitive variables of Cartesian velocity components and pressure. The splitting used here is a polynomial splitting introduced by Dick and Linden of Roe type. Second-order accuracy is obtained with the defect correction approach in which the state vector is inter-polated with van Leer's κ-scheme. The underlying solution technique to solve the discretized equations is a parallel multiblock multigrid method. Several 2D and 3D test problems such as driven cavity and channel flows are solved.
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    MODELLING OF WAVE PROPAGATION IN THE NEARSHORE REGION USING THE MILD SLOPE EQUATION WITH GMRES-BASED ITERATIVE SOLVERS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 397-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: GMRES ; mild slope equation ; iterative solvers ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mild slope equation in its linear and non-linear forms is used for the modelling of nearshore wave propagation. The finite difference method is used to descretize the governing elliptic equations and the resulting system of equations is solved using GMRES-based iterative method. The original GMRES solution technique of Saad and Schultz is not directly applicable to the present case owing to the complex coefficient matrix. The simpler GMRES algorithm of Walker and Zhou is used as the core solver, making the upper Hessenberg factorization unneccessary when solving the least squares problem. Several preconditioning-based acceleration strategies are tested and the results show that the GMRES-based iteration scheme performs very well and leads to monotonic convergence for all the test-cases considered.
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    NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE PHENOMENA DUE TO THE PASSING-BY OF TWO BODIES USING THE UNSTEADY BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: boundary element method ; unsteady aerodynamic force ; relative motion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a numerical analysis was made to investigate the aerodynamic forces surrounding two bodies in relative motion in a fluid at rest in three dimensions. The unsteady boundary element method was employed in the numerical calculations. This method is very convenient for obtaining an approximate expression of the velocity potential, especially for practical use. The passing-by of two spheres in an incompressible perfect fluid which extends to infinity is treated by the present method. The resultant pressure coefficients on two spheres passing each other in opposite directions are calculated and discussed numerically. Numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the present method. The method is also applied to the calculation of the passing-by of two trains in an open area in order to investigate its applicability.
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    Announcements (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 735-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230703
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    SPLIT, CHARACTERISTIC BASED SEMI-IMPLICIT ALGORITHM FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 787-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: operator-splitting ; general algorithm ; characteristic-Galerkin ; laminar/turbulent ; incompressible ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In an earlier paper, Zienkiewicz and Codina (Int. j. numer. methods fluids, 20, 869-885 (1995)) presented a general algorithm for the solution of both compressible and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The algorithm, based on operator splitting, permits arbitrary interpolation functions to be used while avoiding the Babŭska-Brezzi restriction. In addition, its characteristic based approach introduces a form of rational dissipation. Zienkiewicz et al. (Int. j. numer. methods fluids, 20, 887-913 (1995)) presented the application of this algorithm in its fully explicit form to various inviscid compressible flow problems. They also presented two incompressible flow problems solved by the fully explicit form, employing a pseudo compressibility. The present work deals with the application of the above algorithm it its semi-implicit form to some incompressible flow benchmark problems. Further, it extends the methodology to turbulent flows by employing both one, and two equation turbulence models. A comparison of results with earlier investigations is presented. Other issues addressed in this study include the effect of additional diffusion terms present in the scheme for both laminar and turbulent flow problems and some practical difficulties associated with local time stepping.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 859-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650230802
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    Conference diary (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 73-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200102
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    Conference diary (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 153-154 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200203
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    RESPONSE OF A LAYERED ELASTIC MEDIUM TO A MOVING STRIP LOAD (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 191-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: foundation design ; pavement design ; layer-stiffness technique ; moving strip load ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Analytical determination of stresses and deformations caused by moving loads is vital to foundation and pavement designs. In current applications, moving loads are often approximated to be vertical impact loads. In this work, however, a live load is modelled as a uniform distribution of normal or shear stresses in actual motion. Then, a layer stiffness approach utilizing linear elasticity is followed in determining the surface and interior deformations due to the live load. By superimposing the two solutions for normal and shear surface stresses, the new approach can be made to provide an approximate solution to the problem of evaluating stresses and deformations caused by a wide wheel load rolling on a layered elastic system. Although elastic solutions in general are inadequate to explain the more significant consequences of pore pressure generation and dissipation in the soil subgrade, these results can certainly be useful to examine the shearing effects of wide rolling wheels on the asphalt layer and immediate settlement of the subgrade. It is found that the dynamic effects of a smoothly rolling wide load are significant at relatively low wheel velocities compared to those of shear waves in the subgrade and base.
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    A NEW MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SETTLEMENT OF DRILLED PIERS (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: settlement ; axially loaded ; circular ; piles ; piers ; drilled shafts ; caissons ; numerical model ; variational principles ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A variational model for the analysis of axially loaded piers is presented. A closed-form solution technique employing an iterative procedure, is developed to obtain the displacement and forces in the pier along its axial direction. The method is suitable for similar analyses of pile foundations. It is shown that displacements and the load distribution along the axis of the pier compare well with a more sophisticated finite element solution. Furthermore, the new model complements the well-known Reese model employing t-z curves for the analysis of settlement of axially loaded piers. This new formulation using continuum mechanics principles, distributes the work done by the applied load as compressive strain energy in the pier, and as shear strain energy in the soil, as well as, the compressive strain energy in the soil surrounding the pier and at the bottom of the pier.
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    Announcement (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 77-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200202
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    NON-LINEAR FAULT BEHAVIOUR NEAR UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS  -  A BOUNDARY ELEMENT APPROACH (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 173-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: stress/stability analysis ; constitutive modelling ; non-linear fault behaviour ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A boundary element model for stress/stability analysis of underground excavations in the vicinity of faults is presented. The boundary element formulation adopts the fictitious stress method for the simulation of excavation boundaries and the displacement discontinuity method for the representation of faults. The numerical model employs the Barton-Bandis non-linear joint model for the modelling of the fault behaviour and linear elastic behaviour for the rock. An incremental-iterative in situ stress relaxation algorithm is implemented for the non-linear analysis of the faults. Both deformation and peak strength models of Barton-Bandis are incorporated for modelling the mechanical behaviour of the fault. The non-linear deformation of fault considers the effects of coupling between shear and normal stresses and displacement, joint closure, joint separation, hardening followed by post-peak or residual behaviour. The peak strength model employs a mobilized non-linear shear strength envelope. The differences between linear and non-linear simulation of the fault models are discussed. A comparison of model predictions with the classical Mohr-Coulomb peak strength model with constant joint stiffness is presented. The numerical model is used for a case study of Canadian hard rock underground mine. The shear and normal displacements along the fault during four mining sequences with backfill simulation are presented and discussed.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200302
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    SILENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR WAVE PROPAGATION IN SATURATED POROUS MEDIA (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 253-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: elastic porous media ; wave propagation ; first-order silent boundary technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Wave propagation both in one- and in two-dimensional saturated elastic porous media is analysed by means of a two-field finite element model with silent boundaries. An extension of the elastic ‘multidirectional’ transmitting boundary to two-phase media is developed to simulate the silent boundary condition. The theoretical assessment and the numerical formulation of the first-order silent boundary technique is presented in detail. Some examples are used to demonstrate the reliability of the first-order method, especially for problems with plane and axisymmetric waves having various angles of incidence. Finally, the wave propagation along a pile shaft is presented, to simulate a common non-destructive dynamic pile test.
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    PROPAGATION OF TORSIONAL SURFACE WAVES IN A HOMOGENEOUS SUBSTRATUM OVER A HETEROGENEOUS HALF-SPACE (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: torsional surface waves ; propagation ; hoterogeneous half-space ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The paper discusses the propagation of torsional surface wave in a homogeneous substratum over a half-space with linearly varying rigidity and density. The study reveals that under assumed conditions, a torsional surface wave propagates in the medium. The velocities of torsional surface waves have been calculated numerically and are presented in a number of graphs. It is also observed that for a stratum over a homogeneous half-space, the velocity of torsional surface waves coincides with that of Love waves. For a non-homogeneous half-space it is observed that the velocity of torsional surface waves is always higher than that of Love waves propagated in a homogeneous layer over a homogeneous half-space. An attempt is also made to assess the possible propagation of torsional surface waves in a half-space with linearly varying rigidity and density, lacking a superficial layer. It is concluded that such a half-space allows two solutions for torsional waves while a homogeneous half-space has one.
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    FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF ANISOTROPIC POROELASTICITY: A GENERALIZED MANDEL'S PROBLEM AND AN INCLINED BOREHOLE PROBLEM (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 381-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Poroelasticity ; FEM ; borehole ; anisotropy ; rock mechanics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The finite element equations for non-linear, anisotropic poroelasticity are cast in the form of measurable engineering constants. Two problems of importance to the rock and petroleum industry are analysed by the FEM. First, the classical Mandel's problem with an extension to transversely isotropic case is investigated. Second, the problem of an inclined borehole is explored. In particular, the effect of material anisotropy on stress concentration near the wall with implication to borehole instability is examined in detail.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200601
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    UNDRAINED CAVITY EXPANSIONS IN CRITICAL STATE SOILS (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 489-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: cavity expansion ; critical state models ; plasticity ; pile installation ; normally and overconsolidated clays ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Boundary value problems for hardening/softening soils, such as Cam-Clay, usually require the extensive use of finite element methods. Here analytical and semi-analytical solutions for the undrained expansion of cylindrical and spherical cavities in critical state soils are presented. The strain is finite, the initial cavity radius is arbitrary and the procedure applicable to any isotropically hardening materials. In all cases only simple quadratures are involved, and in the case of the original Cam-Clay a complete analytical solution can be found. In addition to providing models of the behaviour of displacement piles and pressuremeters these results also provide valuable benchmark solutions for verifying various numerical methods.
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    A STUDY ON A NEW MECHANICAL MODEL FOR FOUNDATIONS AND ITS ELASTIC SETTLEMENT RESPONSE (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 595-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: compressibility ; elastic settlement ; geosynthetic-reinforced soil ; mechanical foundation model ; prestressing ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In the present paper, a new foundation model has been proposed by introducing a stretched rough elastic membrane in the Pasternak shear layer sandwiched between two spring layers which is an extension of Kerr model. Considering the equilibrium of different elements, the equations governing the elastic settlement response of the model are derived. Finite difference scheme has been employed to solve the governing equations. The parametric studies carried out show the effect of several parameters on the elastic settlement response of the model. The proposed model is well suited for idealizing the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill - soft soil system besides other applications.
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    NUMERICAL MODELLING OF METHANE GAS MIGRATION IN DRY COAL SEAMS (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 571-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: methane gas ; finite element ; coal mining ; diffusion ; adsorption ; outbursts ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for methane gas migration in coal seams. The major focus of this model is the coupling between the gas flow and deformation of solid coal. The effect of diffusion of adsorbed methane gas from the solid matrix to the voids has been taken into account. The adsorption of gas in the coal seam causes a two-phase state of gas flow. The governing equation for the two-phase gas flow is a non-linear partial differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions. A finite element model has been developed for simulation of the distribution of pressure and concentration of methane gas due to gas migration in coal seams.
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    THE ‘NEW IMPLICIT METHOD’ FOR TUNNEL ANALYSIS (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 673-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: tunnel analysis ; new implicit method (NIM) ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Tunnel excavation is a coupled three-dimensional problem dealing with two different structures: lining and rockmass. For a simple application it is useful to develop simplified methods by treating the problem as plane strain.If the problem of tunnel face advance presents an axisymmetric geometry, then we show that the major parameter governing the ground-interface-lining interaction is the convergence of the tunnel U0 at the moment of the lining installation.The ‘New Implicit Method’ (NIM) presented in this paper makes use of principles similar to those of the ‘convergence-confinement’ method, but it provides a better appreciation of the coupled behaviour of rockmass and lining. For independent time constitutive laws (elasticity and plasticity), we point out that the convergence U0 depends not only on the mechanical behaviour of the rockmass and on the distance from the tunnel face, as predicted by the ‘convergence-confinement’ method, but also on the stiffness of the lining previously set.We present the ‘NIM’ for elastic and perfect elastoplastic rockmasses without dilatancy for many criteria. The development of this new method is based on the results of tunnel calculations with an axisymmetric FEM numerical model that takes into account the three-dimensional aspect of the problem.Using this method is simple and its results agree well with the FEM numerical results. Its accuracy is highly satisfactory for a geotechnical study.
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    BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSPORT OF METAL IONS IN FROZEN SOIL (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 693-713 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: unfrozen layer ; osmotic ; diffusion ; transport ; moisture ; temperature ; optimization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Two series of freezing column tests with distilled water and municipal solid waste leachate were investigated, using illitic silty clay. Temperature distributions along the freezing column were recorded as a function of distance and time. Unfrozen moisture content and osmotic pressures as a function of temperature were calculated.It was shown that temperature distributions as a function of distance and time were similar in all tests, probably as a result of the limited amount of moisture intake. The amount of moisture intake was directly related to freezing time and temperature gradient in the freezing column. Unfrozen moisture contents, ion concentrations and temperature gradients were identified as the controlling parameters that contributed to the boundary layer transport (BLT) of metal ions in frozen specimens. Na+ concentration profiles were mostly dependent on water movement in the freezing column. The behaviour of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations was similar to Na+; their concentrations in the soil solution decreased with freezing time due to ion exchange.Temperature, moisture content in an unfrozen boundary layer (UBL), and concentration gradient were taken into consideration in the development of a boundary layer transport model (BLTM). Based on the experimental results and Powell's optimization technique, the diffusivity parameters of various metal ions were calculated. Comparison of experimental and predicted results indicated that the BLTM can predict the migration of metal ions in UBL.
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    EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY DAMS BASED ON DAMAGE MECHANICS CONCEPT (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 725-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: damage mechanics ; earthquakes ; gravity dam ; damage evolution ; absorbing boundary ; anisotropic behaviour ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, the seismic response analysis of concrete gravity dams is presented using the concept of Continuum Damage Mechanics. The analysis is performed using the finite element technique and a proper material degradation/damage model. The damage criterion used here is a second order tensor model based on elastic-brittle characterization and on a power function of the principal tensile stress. The methodology employed is shown to be computationally efficient and consistent in its treatment of both damage growth and propagation. Other important features considered in the analysis are: (1) dam-foundation interaction (2) appropriate modelling of joined rock mass using continuum damage mechanics, and (3) proper modelling of unbounded domain of foundation rock. The infinite media representation of the foundation material has been achieved by using doubly asymptotic approximation. The results of the analysis indicate that the seismic response of a damaged concrete dam could be significantly different from that of an undamaged one. In particular, the analysis shows that during a seismic event, the microstructure of a damaged zone can significantly change due to growth and propagation of microcracks.
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    A FINITE ELEMENT DOUBLE POROSITY MODEL FOR HETEROGENEOUS DEFORMABLE POROUS MEDIA (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 831-844 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: double porosity ; consolidation ; fissured material ; coupled problems ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The mathematical base of the double porosity concept, consisting of the continuity and equilibrium equation respectively, is briefly reviewed. A quasi-steady-state transfer function, the so-called leakage term, is used. Important aspects of the developed code, based on the double porosity theory, are presented together with two hypothetical example problems. The resulting trend of the settlements are compared to those from previous work and was found to be significantly different. However, the implications are that the present study exhibits a more realistic prediction for the settlement.
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    NUMERICAL MODELS IN GEOMECHANICS, G. N. Pande and S. Pietruszczak (Editors), ISBN: 90 5410568 2, 706 pages, Publisher: A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1995 (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 907-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: No Abstract
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    FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF A DEEP SEA CLAY IN LONG-TERM LABORATORY CREEP TESTS (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 887-905 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: creep ; modelling ; long-term ; triaxial ; drainage ; marine clay ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A new finite element program is introduced and its predictive capabilities are compared to results from two long-term, drained laboratory creep tests on a deep sea clay. The constitutive behaviour is based on Cam clay critical state plasticity theory with creep and time-dependent hardening. Creep is computed using either Singh-Mitchell's three-dimensional equation or Taylor's secondary compression relationship. The experimental creep data include a triaxial specimen subjected to two deviatoric stress increments and a one-dimensional consolidation specimen subjected to three vertical stress increments. In addition, the pore pressure behaviour following an increase in stress is examined in the triaxial sample. Predictions compare favourably to test data, which provide confidence for applying the chosen constitutive model and numerical formulation to solve seabed-related problems on the continental slope that are of interest to geologists, the oil industry and the navy, among others.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200101
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200701
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    LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG FULLY GROUTED BOLTS, WITH EMPHASIS ON CABLE BOLT REINFORCEMENT (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 517-544 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: rock reinforcement ; load distribution ; cable bolts ; fully grouted ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Explanation for the widely reported observation that fully grouted reinforcement is more effective in hard rock that behaves as a discontinuum than in soft rock is presented. Analytical solutions are presented for the distribution of displacement and load along an untensioned fully grouted elastic bolt, of specified bond stiffness, which is activated during excavation by either a continuous or discontinuous distribution of rock displacement. The results indicate that significantly higher axial loads are developed for the discontinuous case.Since the mechanics of bond failure depend on the type of bolt and grout used, in the second part of the paper a finite difference formulation is introduced and combined with a non-linear model for the bond behaviour of a cement grouted seven-wire strand cable bolt. The results of a parametric study indicate that, because the bond is frictional and depends on confinement at the borehole wall, for the same profile of rock mass displacement lower loads are developed in soft rock. Furthermore, in soft rock, excavation induced stress changes can cause a dramatic reduction in bond strength, so that, even after significant rock mass displacement, the axial load developed is significantly less than the tensile strength of the cable. A combination of these effects can explain why failures of cable bolted ground involve debonding at the cable-grout interface in soft rock, and why instances of cable rupture are confined to hard, blocky rock masses.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200801
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    NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CONSOLIDATION AND EVAPORATION OF SLURRIED MINE TAILINGS (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 647-671 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: tailings ; consolidation ; evaporation ; salinity ; numerical modelling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Large-strain consolidation theory has been used as the basis of a computer program for dealing with the problem of consolidation of slurried tailings. The work was carried out in the context of the gold-mining industry in Western Australia, where net annual evaporation rates are high (from about 3 to more than 4m/yr). Therefore, a simple, but effective, method of dealing with evaporation has been included in the model. The paper describes the model, and then uses it with some typical problems to illustrate its versatility and to show the complexity of the behaviour which can occur.
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    Conference diary (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 691-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200902
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610201001
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    Announcement and call for papers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. ii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610201202
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    FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR LAND DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO PUMPING (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 79-99 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Land displacement ; groundwater pumping ; Galerkin finite element model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Equations of equilibrium (force balance) and flow in multidimensions were coupled in this paper to describe land displacements due to pressure decline in aquifers. A Galerkin finite element model based on these equations was developed. The saturated/unsaturated behaviour and the isotropic/anisotropic properties of permeability and elasticity were considered when the model was formulated. This model was verified by comparing its simulation results with those of known analytical solutions for simplified cases. The simulation of displacements due to pressure decline in unsaturated media was also performed. Those results demonstrated that the choice of boundary ranges for an aquifer with infinite domain may significantly affect the estimated horizontal and vertical displacements. To obtain a good estimation of land displacements, the boundary ranges should be carefully chosen. The displacements occurring in unconfined aquifers are caused by the drop of the water table and the change in body force in the dewatering zone. Simulation results also indicated that the change in body force should be considered once an unconfined aquifer has been pumped. Otherwise, the horizontal and vertical displacements in unconfined aquifers would be overestimated and underestimated, respectively. The behaviour of land displacements due to pumping was shown to be affected by changes in the total stresses in aquifers.
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    ANALYSIS OF PILED RAFT SYSTEMS IN LAYERED SOIL (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 57-72 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: piled raft systems ; raft-pile-soil interaction ; finite layer methods ; foundations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper presents a method of analysis for piled raft systems constructed in layered soils. The method presented takes account of the interactions of the raft, piles and soil without the cost of a full three-dimensional rigorous analysis. This is done by the use of finite layer methods for the analysis of the soil and finite element methods for the raft. Examples are provided in the paper for piled rafts constructed on layered soils, and results are presented for bending moments in the raft and loads in the piles.
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    AN INTERFACE MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF DISCONTINUITIES (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 1-33 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: interface constitutive model ; deformation behaviour ; spherical asperity interaction ; dual asperity interaction ; shear and dilatancy of joints ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: An interface constitutive model is presented accounting for slip and sliding effects and also for dilatancy phenomena. The microslip effects are described by considering spherical asperity interaction with variation of contact area and generation of progressive or reverse slip zones. The incremental constitutive equations are derived with proper memory rules accounting for generation and annihilation of particular slip zones during the process of variable loading. It is further assumed that sliding of spherical contacts occurs along large asperities whose slope varies due to the wear process. The predicted shear and dilatancy curves are shown to provide close quantitative simulation of available experimental data. The strain ratchetting effect for non-symmetric cyclic loading was exhibited using the asperity wear model. The model presented could be applied to simulate rock joints, masonry, or concrete cracked interfaces, under monotonic and cyclic loading.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200201
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    EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 155-171 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: pollutant migration ; solute breakthrough curves ; numerical simulation ; porous media ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The effect of heterogeneity on solute transport in porous media is examined by means of physical experiments and controlled numerical simulations. The special cases of layered, clogged and aggregated porous media are particularly investigated. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained from some sections of the physical models are extremely distorted with extended concentration tails. These tailings are caused by different trajectories of the tracer through fine (millimeter and centimeter) scale spatial heterogeneities. On the other hand, BTCs in sections of the physical models having no heterogeneous nature, showed classical ‘S’-shape.A computer simulation based on an improved capacitance model was used to match the experimental data. The BTCs can be represented adequately by the model. However, it seems necessary to determine the fitting parameters experimentally in order to relate them to actual physical phenomena.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200301
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    STRESS ANALYSIS OF A SAND PARTICLE WITH INTERFACE IN CEMENT PASTE UNDER UNIAXIAL LOADING (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 275-285 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: elasticity ; stress analysis ; inclusion ; interface ; sand ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, the stress states of a sand particle (or aggregate) with an interface layer in a cement paste (or mortar) subjected to uniaxial compression or tension are studied. This is a dual layer inclusion problem. The general analytical solutions of stresses and deformations are obtained in closed form, and the solutions of several special cases including the sand (or aggregate) treated as rigid body and as a hole as well as when the thickness of the interface layer approaches zero are also given.
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    A CUBIC STRAIN QUADRILATERAL FINITE ELEMENT (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 295-302 
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    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: cubic-strain quadrilateral ; predicting collapse-loads ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, a fourth-order displacement (cubic strain) Serendipity quadrilateral element is presented. The shape functions and integration scheme are introduced, followed by a series of convergence tests, indicating that the element does not have any spurious zero-energy modes, and passes the patch test and single-element tests. Modifications are then made to enable the element's use in effective stress analysis problems. Examples are finally solved using the element and a comparison is made between some computed and closed-form solutions. It is also shown that the cubic strain quadrilateral may be used in conjunction with or as a substitute for the cubic strain triangle when predicting collapse loads for undrained plane or axisymmetric problems in the fully plastic range.
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF BURIED STRUCTURES SUBJECT TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE LOADING (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 331-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: elasticity ; buried pipes ; surface heading ; soil-structure interaction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A method is presented which may be used to compute the displacements, strains and moments (both in-plane and transverse) in buried structures such as pipelines and culverts subjected to longitudinal bending. This type of bending can occur if a surface loading such as a vehicular loading or an embankment loading is applied to the soil above the pipe or culvert.Fourier transforms are used to reduce the three-dimensional problem to one involving only two spatial directions, thereby reducing the data preparation and computation time. Conventional finite element analysis is used to approximate the field quantities in the transformed two-dimensional plane. Two Fourier integral element types have been developed which have many applications in geotechnical engineering.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610200501
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